The 1942–43 Ranji Trophy was the ninth season of the Ranji Trophy. Baroda won their first title defeating Hyderabad in the final. Only 13 teams took part, the lowest in the history of the Ranji Trophy. Teams like Bombay and Madras skipped the competition.

The Ranji Trophy is a premier domestic first-class cricket championship played in India and organized annually by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). The teams representing regional and state cricket associations participate. BCCI founded the championship in 1934, Since then it has been organised across various grounds and stadiums in India.