1.
Michigan Wolverines football
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The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history, Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 37 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, Fielding H. Fritz Crisler brought his winged helmet from Princeton University in 1938 and led the 1947 Wolverines to a national title and Michigans second Rose Bowl win. Bo Schembechler coached the team for 21 seasons in which he won 13 Big Ten titles and 194 games, a program record. Following Schembechlers retirement, the program was coached by two of his assistants, Gary Moeller and then Lloyd Carr, who maintained the programs overall success over the next 18 years. However, the programs fortunes declined under the two coaches, Rich Rodriguez and Brady Hoke, who were both fired after relatively short tenures. Following Hokes dismissal, Michigan hired Jim Harbaugh on December 30,2014, Harbaugh is a former quarterback of the team, having played for Michigan between 1982 and 1986 under Schembechler. The Michigan Wolverines have featured 78 players that have garnered consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team, Three Wolverines have won the Heisman Trophy, Tom Harmon in 1940, Desmond Howard in 1991, and Charles Woodson in 1997. Gerald Ford, who would become the 38th President of the United States. On May 30,1879, Michigan played its first intercollegiate game against Racine College at White Stocking Park in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune called it the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies, midway through the first inning, Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown for Michigan. According to Will Perrys history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Ponds plays with cheers of Pond Forever, in 1881, Michigan played against Harvard in Boston. The game that marked the birth of inter-sectional football, on their way to a game in Chicago in 1887, Michigan players stopped in South Bend, Indiana and introduced football to students at the University of Notre Dame. A November 23 contest marked the inception of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, which was the first time in collegiate football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east. By 1898 Amos Alonzo Stagg was fast at work at turning the University of Chicago football program into a powerhouse. Before the final game of the 1898 season, Chicago was 9–1–1 and Michigan was 9–0, Michigan won, 12–11, capturing the programs first conference championship in a game that inspired The Victors, which later became the schools fight song
2.
USC Trojans football
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The USC Trojans football program, established in 1888, represents the University of Southern California in college football. USC is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I FBS, the Trojans throughout NCAA history have claimed 11 national championships. USC has the most Pro Football Hall of Famers, USC has the highest all-time post-season winning percentage of schools with 25 or more bowl appearances. The team is coached by Clay Helton, USC first fielded a football team in 1888. Playing its first game on November 14 of that year against the Alliance Athletic Club, USC faced its first collegiate opponent the following year in fall 1889, playing St. Vincents College to a 40–0 victory. In 1893, USC joined the Intercollegiate Football Association of Southern California, which was composed of USC, Occidental College, Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pomona College was invited to enter, but declined to do so. An invitation was extended to Los Angeles High School. Before they were named Trojans in 1912, USC athletic teams were called the Methodists, during the early years, limitations in travel and the scarcity of major football-playing colleges on the West Coast limited its rivalries to local Southern Californian colleges and universities. During this period USC played regular series against Occidental, Caltech, Whittier, Pomona, the first USC team to play outside of Southern California went to Stanford University on November 4,1905, where they were trampled 16–0 by the traditional West Coast powerhouse. While the teams would not meet again until 1918, this was also USCs first game against a future Pac-12 conference opponent, during this period USC also played its first games against other future Pac-12 rivals, including Oregon State, California, Oregon and Arizona. Between 1911–1913, USC followed the example of California and Stanford, the results were disastrous, as USC was soundly defeated by more experienced programs while the school itself experienced financial reverses, it was during this period that Owen R. After several decades of competition, USC first achieved prominence under head coach Gloomy Gus Henderson in the early 1920s. Another milestone came under Henderson in 1922, when USC joined the Pacific Coast Conference, success continued under coach Howard Jones from 1925 to 1940, when the Trojans were just one of a few nationally dominant teams. It was during this era that the achieved renown as the Thundering Herd. USC achieved intermittent success in the years following Jones tenure, jeff Cravath, who coached from 1942–1950, won the Rose Bowl in 1943 and 1945. Jess Hill, who coached from 1951 to 1956, won the Rose Bowl in 1953, from 1957 to 1959, the Trojans were coached by Don Clark. The Pacific Coast Conference dissolved in 1959, USC joined the conferences other three California schools and Washington to form a new conference, the Athletic Association of Western Universities, under a new charter. The program entered a new golden age upon the arrival of head coach John McKay, during this period the Trojans produced two Heisman Trophy winners and won four national championships
3.
Fritz Crisler
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Crisler developed two-platoon football while serving as head coach at the University of Michigan from 1938 to 1947. He also coached at the University of Minnesota and Princeton University, before coaching, he played football at the University of Chicago under Amos Alonzo Stagg, who nicknamed him Fritz after violinist Fritz Kreisler. During his 18-year career as a football coach, Crislers teams won 116 games, lost 32. At Michigan, Crisler won 71 games, lost 16, Crisler introduced the distinctive winged football helmet to the Michigan Wolverines in 1938. The Michigan football team has worn a version of the design ever since, Crisler had first introduced the winged helmet design at Princeton in 1935. He was also the basketball coach at Princeton for two seasons from 1932 to 1934, tallying a mark of 32–11. Crislers 1947 Michigan Wolverines football team, dubbed the Mad Magicians, had an undefeated campaign, afterwards, the team was selected the national champion by the Associated Press in an unprecedented post-bowl vote. Crisler retired from coaching after the 1947 season and served as the University of Michigans athletic director from 1941 to 1968, Crisler was also a member of the NCAA football rules committee for 41 years and its chairman for nine years. Crisler Center, home of the Michigan mens and womens teams, was renamed in honor of Crisler in 1970. In addition, one seat in Michigan Stadium was added to honor Crisler for his special place in the history of Michigan football. Crisler was born in Earlville, Illinois in 1899 and he participated in football at Mendota High School and was an outstanding student. Crisler enrolled at the University of Chicago on a scholarship with plans to become a doctor. Crisler often told the story of his introduction to college football, Crisler recalled that he wandered over the football field as a freshman, where he saw the legendary coach Amos Alonzo Stagg directing a practice session. According to Crisler, Stagg knocked him over on the sideline while trying to get out of the way of an end sweep play, Stagg reportedly told the diminutive Crisler, If youre going to play football, why dont you put on a suit. Crisler worked out with the team for a few days. When Stagg encountered Crisler a short time later on campus, Stagg said, Crisler recalled that he returned to the team in response to Staggs taunt and noted, Ive been in athletics ever since. Stagg was also responsible for Crislers nickname, after Crisler fouled up four consecutive plays during a practice session, Stagg told him, Crisler, from now on you are Fritz after the master violinist. Not because you resemble him, but because you are so different, Crisler played at the end position for Staggs Chicago Maroons from 1919 to 1921
4.
Single-wing formation
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In American and Canadian football, a single-wing formation, created by Glenn Pop Warner, was a precursor to the modern spread or shotgun formation. The term usually connotes formations in which the snap is tossed rather than handed—formations with one wingback, the single wing was superior to the T formation in its ability to get an extra eligible receiver down field. Traditionally, the single-wing was a formation that featured a core of four backs including a tailback, a fullback, a quarterback. Linemen were set unbalanced, or simply put, there were two linemen on one side and four on the side of the center. This was done by moving the off-side guard or tackle to the strong side, the single-wing was one of the first formations attempting to trick the defense instead of over-powering it. Pop Warner referred to his new scheme as the Carlisle formation because he formulated most of the offense while coaching the Carlisle Indians. The term single-wing came into use after spectators noticed that the formation gave the appearance of a wing-shape. In 1907, Warner coached at Carlisle, a school for Native Americans, the first was the discovery of Jim Thorpes raw athletic ability. The second was the use of a passing game that relied on the spiraled ball. Finally, faking backs who started one way, but abruptly headed the opposite way, because Jim Thorpe had so much raw talent, Coach Warner more than likely designed much of his single-wing offense around this gifted athlete. Thorpe, the triple threat, was a good runner, passer. For much of the history of the formation, players were expected to play on both sides of the ball. Consequently, offensive players often turned around to play a corresponding location on defense, the offensive backs played defensive backs, just as the offensive linemen played defensive linemen. Unlike teams of today, single-wing teams had few specialists who only played on certain downs, college football playbooks prior to the 1950s were dominated with permutations of the traditional single-wing envisioned by Warner. Two-time All-American Jack Crains handwritten playbook clearly denotes how the University of Texas ran their version of the single-wing circa 1939-1940, University of Texas Coach Dana X. Bible ran a line, which means that there were the same numbers of linemen on each side of the center. Also, the ends were slightly split, slightly splitting offensive ends, called flexing, was in widespread use by Notre Dames Box variation of the single-wing. Knute Rocknes Notre Dame Box offense employed a balanced line, which had 3 linemen on each side of the center, another Rockne innovation was a shifting backfield that attempted to confuse the defense by moving backs to alternate positions right before the snap
5.
Bump Elliott
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Chalmers W. Bump Elliott is a former American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He played halfback at Purdue University and the University of Michigan, Elliott grew up in Bloomington, Illinois, enlisted in the United States Marine Corps as a senior in high school and was assigned to the V-12 Navy College Training Program at Purdue University. He received varsity letters in football, baseball, and basketball at Purdue, before being called into duty in late 1944. After being discharged from the military, he enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1946, after graduating from Michigan in 1948, Elliott spent ten years as an assistant football coach at Oregon State, Iowa, and Michigan. He was appointed as Michigans head football coach in 1959 and held that position until 1968, leading the team to a Big Ten Conference championship, for a period of 21 years, from 1970 to 1991, he was the athletic director at the University of Iowa. During his tenure as director, he hired coaches Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, Lute Olson. Vivian Stringer, and Dr. Tom Davis, and the Iowa Hawkeyes won 41 Big Ten Conference championships and 11 NCAA titles, in 1989, Elliott was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Elliott was born in Detroit, but grew up in Bloomington and his father, Dr. J. Norman Elliott, was an ears, nose and throat doctor who also coached football at Illinois Wesleyan University from 1930 to 1934. Elliotts given name is Chalmers, but he has been known by the nickname Bump since he was six months old, though nobody remembers how he got the nickname, not even his mother. Elliott and his brother, Pete Elliott, both played football together for Bloomington High School, where Bump was an All-State halfback in 1942. Had it not been for World War II, Bump and Pete likely would have attended the University of Illinois, however, both brothers wanted to get into the V-12 Navy College Training Program, and Illinois did not have such a program. Bump enlisted in the United States Marine Corps while still a senior in school and was called to active duty in 1943. He was assigned to the V-12 officer training program at Purdue University and his brother, Pete, also enlisted and was assigned to officer training at Michigan. In his freshman year, Elliott earned varsity letters in football, basketball and baseball and he played three games for the unbeaten and untied 1943 Purdue football team where he was described as a capable triple-threater and stellar defensive performer. He scored a touchdown against Minnesota in his first game, a speedy 160-pound, five foot 10-inch performer, he lost little time making his mark in football last fall once he became eligible upon completion of his first V-12 term. Elliott appeared in the three games of the football season, and his performance in the seasons final game against Indiana provided one of the highlights of the Boilermaker season. In basketball, he was consistent as a guard on Purdues cage combination, in baseball, Elliott played shortstop and center field, where he was a steady fielder with a strong arm. In a May 1944 game, Elliott led the Boilermakers to a 17–4 win over Wisconsin, with five hits, five bases, four RBIs
6.
Bruce Hilkene
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Bruce L. Hilkene was the captain and starting left tackle of the undefeated 1947 Michigan Wolverines football team. The team defeated the USC Trojans 49-0 in the 1948 Rose Bowl and has selected as the greatest Michigan football team of all time. Hilkene was named captain of the 1945 team but missed the season due to service in the U. S. Navy. In 1947 he returned as captain, Hilkene later served for many years as an executive at General Motors. He was posthumously inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1992, Hilkene was a native of Indianapolis, Indiana, where he attended Shortridge high school. He joined the Michigan Wolverines football team as a 17-year-old freshman in September 1943 where he was a reserve player, Hilkene later joked that he was a retired end in 1943, retired to the bench so long he didnt earn a letter. At the start of the 1944 season, Hilkene competed for the lineup at the end position with Art Renner. Hilkene won the job and was the left end in nine of the teams ten games in 1944. The team was 8-2 that year, outscoring opponents 204-91, on his 19th birthday, Hilkene scored his first and only collegiate touchdown on a pass from Howard Yerges in a 41-19 win over the University of Pennsylvania. At the conclusion of the 1944 season, Hilkene was selected by the Big Ten coaches as an Honorable Mention player on the Associated Press All Western Conference Team, in December 1944, Hilkene was also voted by the Michigan players to be the captain of the 1945 football team. Hilkene also played basketball as a center for Michigan in 1944 and 1945. As a sophomore in 1944, Hilkene enlisted in the U. S. Navy, in mid-February 1945, Hilkene was transferred from the university for advance military training. Crisler here is saying so long and best of luck to Bruce Hilkene, Indianapolis, Hilkene has been transferred from Michigan to an advanced Navy training base. Hilkene missed the 1945 season due to his military service, Hilkene returned to the Michigan football team for the 1946 season, but was moved to left tackle where Coach Fritz Crisler needed Hilkenes fast-charging ability for an aggressive offensive line. Hilkene proved to be a line standout, Hilkene won a starting spot as left tackle in six of Michigans nine games in 1946. At the end of the season, Hilkene was named an Honorable Mention at the position on the Associated Press 1946 All-America Team. The 1947 Michigan football team captained by Hilkene went undefeated in the regular season, the 1947 team outscored its opponents 394–53 and was selected by the ESPN Big Ten College Football Encyclopedia as the best team in the history of Michigan football. The 1947 team is remembered as the first team fully to embrace the concept of defensive and offensive specialization
7.
Michigan Stadium
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Michigan Stadium, nicknamed The Big House, is the football stadium for the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is the largest stadium in the United States, the second largest stadium in the world and its official capacity is 107,601, but it has hosted crowds in excess of 115,000. Michigan Stadium was built in 1927 at a cost of $950,000 and had a capacity of 72,000. Prior to the construction, the Wolverines played football at Ferry Field. Every home game since November 8,1975 has drawn a crowd in excess of 100,000, Michigan Stadium was designed with footings to allow the stadiums capacity to be expanded beyond 100,000. Fielding Yost envisioned a day where 150,000 seats would be needed, to keep construction costs low at the time, the decision was made to build a smaller stadium than Yost envisioned but to include the footings for future expansion. Michigan Stadium is used for the University of Michigans main graduation ceremonies, additionally, a 2014 International Champions Cup soccer match between Real Madrid and Manchester United had an attendance of 109,318, a record crowd for a soccer match in the United States. Prior to playing at Michigan Stadium, Michigan played its games at Ferry Field, Fielding Yost recognized the need for a larger stadium after original expansions to Ferry Field proved to be too small, and persuaded the regents to build a permanent stadium in 1926. Fashioned after the Yale Bowl, the stadium was built with a capacity of 72,000. However, at Yosts urging, temporary bleachers were added at the top of the stadium, on October 1,1927, Michigan played Ohio Wesleyan in the first game at Michigan Stadium, prevailing easily, 33–0. The new stadium was formally dedicated three weeks later in a contest against Ohio State on October 22. Michigan had spoiled the formal dedication of Ohio Stadium in Columbus five years earlier and was victorious again, in 1930, electronic scoreboards were installed, making the stadium the first in the United States to use them to keep the official game time. In 1956, the addition of a press box raised the official capacity to 101,001. The one extra seat in Michigan Stadium is said to be reserved for Fritz Crisler, since then, all official Michigan Stadium capacity figures have ended in -01, although the extra seats location is not specified. Before 1968, Michigan Stadium maintained a policy of No women or children allowed on the field, sara Krulwich, now a photojournalist for The New York Times, was the first woman on the field. Longtime radio announcer Bob Ufer dubbed Michigan Stadium The hole that Yost dug, Crisler paid for, Canham carpeted, since November 8,1975, the stadium has held over 100,000 fans for every home game. The game against Indiana University on October 25,1975 was the last sub-100,000 attendance home game for Michigan, Michigan Stadiums size is not wholly apparent from the outside as most of the seats are below ground level. By the mid-1980s, Michigan Stadium became known by the nickname The Big House, Michigans game versus Ball State University on November 4,2006, was the 200th consecutive crowd of over 100,000 fans
8.
1946 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1946 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1946 Big Ten Conference football season. Michigan won its last four games by a score of 162 to 19. In the final game of the 1946 season, Michigan defeated Ohio State 58-6, halfback Bob Chappuis passed for 735 yards, the most since Benny Friedman set the school record with 760 passing yards in 1925. Chappuis also rushed for 548 yards, received second-team All-American and first-team All-Big Nine honors, the only Michigan player to receive first-team All-American honors in 1946 was end Elmer Madar. Center Jim Brieske was the leading scorer with 32 points having kicked 29 points after touchdown. Bob Mann led the team in touchdowns with five, end Art Renner was the team captain. In early January 1946, Biggie Munn, who had been Michigans line coach since 1938, was hired as the football coach at Syracuse. Jack Blott took over Munns role as line coach, earl Martineau, who had been Michigans backfield coach since 1938, also left the program in early 1946 with Bennie Oosterbaan taking over responsibility for coaching the backfield. In April and May 1946, Michigan conducted a spring football practice. It was Michigans first peacetime practice session since 1941, more than 140 players, the largest group ever to report for a Michigan football practice to that time, showed up for spring practice. Although World War II ended in August 1945, three of the starters from the 1945 squad were inducted into the military in early 1946, Bob Ballau, a tackle from New York, was awarded the Chicago Alumni Club trophy as the teamsmost improved player during spring practice. However, as some left for service, others returned to Michigan after completing their military service. The returnees included, Bob Chappuis, who had played for Michigan in 1942, Gene Derricotte, who had started nine games at halfback in 1944, returned as a starting halfback. Quentin Sickels, who had started 10 games at guard in 1944, Paul White, who had been captain of the 1943 Michigan team before joining the Marine Corps, notified coach Crisler in April 1946 that he would be returning in time for the 1946 season. Bob Wiese, who had played at fullback and led Michigan in scoring in 1944, the 1946 pre-season was also marked by the loss of Fielding H. Yost, head football coach at Michigan from 1901 to 1926 and athletic director from 1921 to 1940. Yost sustained a stroke on May 14,1946, and died at his home in Ann Arbor on August 20,1946 and he was buried at Forest Hill Cemetery near the campus, with pallbearers including Bennie Oosterbaan, Robert J. Brown, and Paul G. Goebel. After one week of practice in late August 1946, coach Crisler opined were not quite as good as were cracked up to be. A week later, Crisler hedged on his teams prospects, stating that the 1946 squad might be he greatest, but then adding that, on the other hand, we may lose all of our games
9.
1948 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1948 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan during the 1948 Big Nine Conference football season. In the final AP Poll, Michigan received 192 first place votes, the 1948 season was Michigans second straight undefeated, untied season. After Fritz Crisler led the 1947 team to a perfect 10–0 record, despite the loss of all four backfield starters from the 1947 team, the 1948 team extended the winning streak to 23 games. On offense, Michigan was led by a new backfield that included All-American quarterback Pete Elliott and halfbacks Chuck Ortmann, the team scored 252 points, an average of 28 points per game. With Ortmann as the passer, the Wolverines relied on an air attack. Dick Rifenburg, the leading receiver, was picked as a first-team All-American at the end position. Team captain Dominic Tomasi was selected as the teams Most Valuable Player, the 1949 Michiganensian wrote of the 250-pound guard, Famous for his sharp shattering blocking, Dom tore huge gaps in the opposing lines to pave the way for Michigans steam roller offense. On defense, the Wolverines allowed only 44 points, an average of 4.8 points per game, the defense was led by tackles Alvin Wistert and Al Wahl, center Dan Dworsky, and fullback Dick Kempthorn. Michigan gave up 935 passing yards and 851 rushing yards, the team shut out Oregon despite the passing game of College and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Norm Van Brocklin. It also held ranked Purdue and Northwestern teams to 36 and 47 rushing yards, the defense forced a total of 32 turnovers, an average of three-and-a-half turnovers per game. The 1947 Michigan team finished undefeated and untied with a 10–0 record, in March 1948, Fritz Crisler, who had been the Wolverines head football coach since 1938, resigned as head coach but stayed on as athletic director. Crisler selected his backfield coach, Bennie Oosterbaan, as the new head coach, Oosterbaan had been affiliated with the Michigan football program for 24 years, as an All-American end from 1925 to 1927 and as an assistant football coach from 1928 to 1947. When the selection of Oosterbaan was announced, Crisler told the press and he is the ablest assistant that I have ever had. Others questioned the choice, noting that Oosterbaan had compiled only a middling 81–72 record as Michigans basketball coach from 1938 to 1946, Michigan entered the 1948 season with a 14-game winning streak dating back to October 29,1946. Despite the winning streak, Michigan entered the 1948 season expected by many to finish third in the Big Nine behind Minnesota, in addition to the coaching change, the team lost a number of key players from the 1947 team, including all four backfield starters. The 1948 team also lost its top two scorers, two starting tackles, starting center, and two ends who went on to have careers in the NFL. The Wolverines suffered another setback when Gene Derricotte sustained an injury limited his playing time. The Sporting News had picked Derricotte to be one of the Big Nines two most valuable players in a feature story, calling him Michigans best broken field runner since Tom Harmon
10.
University of Michigan
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The University of Michigan, frequently referred to simply as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania,20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, in 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres of what is now known as Central Campus, the University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States, Michigans body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world. Besides academic life, Michigans athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26,1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, Monteith became its first President and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was Vice President and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside 40 acres in the hopes of being selected as the state capital, but when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university. What would become the university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 thanks to Governor Stevens T. Mason, the original 40 acres was the basis of the present Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen, eleven students graduated in the first commencement in 1845. By 1866, enrollment increased to 1,205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans, Women were first admitted in 1870. U-M also became the first American university to use the method of study. Among the early students in the School of Medicine was Jose Celso Barbosa, who in 1880 graduated as valedictorian and he returned to Puerto Rico to practice medicine and also served in high-ranking posts in the government. In 1920 the university reorganized the College of Engineering and formed a committee of 100 industrialists to guide academic research initiatives. The university became a choice for bright Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s. Because of its standards, U-M gained the nickname Harvard of the West. During World War II, U-Ms research supported military efforts, such as U. S. Navy projects in proximity fuzes, PT boats, and radar jamming. After the war, enrollment expanded rapidly and by 1950, it reached 21,000, as the Cold War and the Space Race took hold, U-M received numerous government grants for strategic research and helped to develop peacetime uses for nuclear energy
11.
Big Ten Conference
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The Big Ten Conference, formerly Western Conference and Big Nine Conference, is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States. The conference includes the public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska. The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H, in 1905, the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association. Big Ten member institutions are predominantly major flagship research universities with large financial endowments, large student enrollment is also a hallmark of Big Ten universities, as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students. Northwestern University, one of just two members with a total enrollment of fewer than 30,000 students, is the lone private university among Big Ten membership. Collectively, Big Ten universities educate more than 520,000 total students and have 5.7 million living alumni, Big Ten universities engage in $9.3 billion in funded research each year. Big Ten universities are members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance. In 2014–2015, members generated more than $10 billion in research expenditures, Johns Hopkins University was invited in 2012 to join the Big Ten as an associate member participating in mens lacrosse only. In 2015, it was accepted as an associate member in womens lacrosse. Notre Dame is scheduled to join the Big Ten in 2017 as a member in mens ice hockey. Notes Notes Notes The University of Chicago was a co-founder of the conference, lake Forest College attended the original 1895 meeting that led to the formation of the conference, but did not join it. Full members Full members Sport Affiliate Other Conference Other Conference The Big Ten Conference sponsors championship competition in 14 mens and 14 womens NCAA sanctioned sports, Notes, * Notre Dame will join the Big Ten in the 2017–18 school year as an affiliate member in mens ice hockey. It continues to field its other sports in the ACC except in football where it will continue to compete as an independent, ° Johns Hopkins joined the Big Ten in 2014 as an affiliate member in mens lacrosse, with womens lacrosse to follow in 2016. Ohio State and Penn State, like most NCAA fencing schools, have coed teams,2, Mens rowing, whether heavyweight or lightweight, is not governed by the NCAA, but instead by the Intercollegiate Rowing Association. Rutgers Mens Rowing was downgraded to Club status in 2008,3, Unlike rifle, pistol is not an NCAA-governed sport. 4, Rifle is technically a mens sport, but mens, womens, Ohio State fields a coed team. The eligibility of student-athletes was one of the topics of discussion. The Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded at a meeting on February 8,1896
12.
College Football Hall of Fame
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The College Football Hall of Fame is a hall of fame and museum devoted to college football. The National Football Foundation launched the Hall in 1951 to immortalize the players, from 1995 to 2012, the Hall was located in South Bend, Indiana. It was connected to a center and situated in the citys renovated downtown district,2 miles south of the University of Notre Dame campus. In August 2014, the College Football Hall of Fame and Chick-fil-A Fan Experience opened in downtown Atlanta, rutgers donated land near its football stadium, office space, and administrative support. In response, the Foundation moved its operations to New York City, when the New York Attorney Generals office began its own investigation, the foundation moved to Kings Mills, Ohio, where a building finally was constructed adjacent to Kings Island in 1978. The Hall opened with good attendance figures early on, but visitation dwindled dramatically as time went on, nearby Galbreath Field remained open as the home of Moeller High School football until 2003. A new building was opened in South Bend, Indiana on August 25,1995. Despite estimates that the South Bend location would more than 150,000 visitors a year, the Hall of Fame drew about 115,000 people the first year. In 2009, the National Football Foundation decided to move the College Football Hall of Fame to Atlanta, the possibility of moving the museum has been brought up in other cities, including Dallas, which had the financial backing of billionaire T. Boone Pickens. However, the National Football Foundation ultimately decided on Atlanta for the next site, the new $68.5 million museum opened on August 23,2014. It is located next to Centennial Olympic Park, which is near other attractions such as the Georgia Aquarium, the World of Coca-Cola, CNN Center, and the National Center for Civil and Human Rights. The Hall of Fame is located near the Georgia Institute of Technology of the ACC, the new building broke ground on January 28,2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape, the facility is 94,256 square feet and contains approximately 50,000 square feet of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame, as of 2017, there are 987 players and 214 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 306 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. A player must have received major first team All-America recognition, a player becomes eligible for consideration 10 years after his last year of intercollegiate football played. Football achievements are considered first, but the record as a citizen is also weighed. Players must have played their last year of football within the last 50 years
13.
Pro Football Hall of Fame
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The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the hall of fame for professional American football. As of 2017, there are a total of 310 members of the Hall of Fame, groundbreaking for the building was held on August 11,1962. The original building contained just two rooms, and 19,000 square feet of interior space, in April 1970, ground was broken for the first of many expansions. This first expansion cost $620,000, and was completed in May 1971, the size was increased to 34,000 square feet by adding another room. The pro shop opened with this expansion and this was also an important milestone for the Pro Football Hall of Fame, as yearly attendance passed the 200,000 mark for the first time. In November 1977, work began on another project, costing US$1,200,000. It was completed in November 1978, enlarging the shop and research library. The total size of the hall was now 50,500 square feet, the building remained largely unchanged until July 1993. The Hall then announced yet another expansion, costing US$9,200,000 and this expansion was completed in October 1995. The buildings size was increased to 82,307 square feet, the most notable addition was the GameDay Stadium, which shows an NFL Films production on a 20-foot by 42-foot Cinemascope screen. Through 2017, all inductees except one, played part of their professional career in the NFL. For CFL stars, there is a parallel Canadian Football Hall of Fame, only one player, the Chicago Bears have the most Hall of Famers among the leagues franchises with 32 enshrinees. Enshrinees are selected by a 46-person committee, largely made up of media members, each city that has a current NFL team sends one representative from the local media to the committee. A city with more than one franchise sends a representative for each franchise, there are also 13 at-large delegates, and one representative from the Pro Football Writers Association. Except for the PFWA representative, who is appointed to a term, all other appointments are open-ended and terminated only by death, incapacitation, retirement. To be eligible for the process, a player or coach must have been retired for at least five years. Any other contributor such as an owner or executive can be voted in at any time. Fans may nominate any player, coach or contributor by simply writing to the Pro Football Hall of Fame via letter or email
14.
Bob Chappuis
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Robert Richard Bob Chappuis was an American football player who played halfback and quarterback for the University of Michigan Wolverines in 1942,1946, and 1947. His college years were interrupted by service in the U. S. Army Air Forces during World War II, Chappuis flew 21 missions as a radio operator and aerial gunner on B-25 bombers in the European Theater. His aircraft was shot down in February 1945 in the Lombardy region of Northern Italy, Chappuis parachuted from the plane before it crashed, and Italian partisans rescued him by hiding Chappuis and two other crew members for the final three months of the war. After the war, Chappuis returned to Michigan where he broke the Big Nine Conference record for total offense in 1946 and he led the 1947 Michigan team known as the Mad Magicians to an undefeated season and a 49–0 win over the USC Trojans in the 1948 Rose Bowl game. Chappuis was a unanimous All-American selection in 1947 and was named the Most Valuable Player of the 1948 Rose Bowl and his picture appeared on the cover of Time magazine in 1947 in connection with a feature article about Chappuis and the 1947 Wolverines. He placed second in the 1947 Heisman Trophy balloting, during his career he established many football records that lasted for over a generation and became an All-American. He continues to hold the Big Ten Conference single-season passer rating record and he was one of the early passing specialists in an era where football players were just beginning to either play on offense or defense instead of both. Chappuis played professional football in the All-America Football Conference as a quarterback for the Brooklyn Dodgers and he led the Dodgers in total offense in 1948 with 1,402 yards passing and 310 yards rushing. When both clubs and the AAFC folded, Chappuis retired from football in 1950 and he was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1988. Chappuis was born and raised in Toledo, Ohio, the son of Mary Ellen and his father—who had played quarterback for Denison University, which is located near Columbus, Ohio— was an executive with a porcelain products company in Toledo. Chappuis graduated from DeVilbiss High School where he was a football player. When it came time to choose a college, his father said his only preference for his son was that he not attend Ohio State, Chappuis could not provide much of an explanation for his fathers preference, Dad just didnt like Ohio State. Chappuis played in nine games for Michigan as a sophomore in 1942, contributing 220 yards rushing,358 yards passing, and 30 yards receiving. In his first game as a halfback, Chappuis completed seven of eighteen passes for a gain of 80 yards. Chappuis college program was interrupted by service from 1943 to 1945. During World War II, Chappuis earned the rank of Lieutenant in the U. S. Army Air Forces and he flew 21 missions as a radio operator and aerial gunner in B-25 bombers. His crew sunk a cruiser in an Italian harbor, which earned it a citation in September 1944 and he flew his first mission, which was targeting a railroad bridge in the heavily fortified Brenner Pass on Christmas Day 1944. At the time he flew this first mission, he was a sergeant, on February 13,1945, Chappuis flew his 21st mission when he was assigned to fill in for a sick crew member
15.
Heisman Trophy
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The Heisman Memorial Trophy, is awarded annually to the most outstanding player in college football in the United States whose performance best exhibits the pursuit of excellence with integrity. Winners epitomize great ability combined with diligence, perseverance, and hard work and it is presented by the Heisman Trophy Trust in early December before the postseason bowl games. The award was created by the Downtown Athletic Club in 1935 to recognize the most valuable football player east of the Mississippi. After the death in October 1936 of the Clubs athletic director, John Heisman, Heisman had been active in college athletics as a football player, a head football, basketball, and baseball coach, and an athletic director. It is the oldest of several awards in college football, including the Maxwell Award, Walter Camp Award. The most recent winner of the Heisman Trophy is University of Louisville quarterback Lamar Jackson, the trophy itself, designed by sculptor Frank Eliscu, is modeled after Ed Smith, a leading player in 1934 for the now-defunct New York University football team. The trophy is made out of cast bronze, is 13.5 inches tall, Eliscu had asked Smith, his former George Washington High School classmate, to pose for a commissioned sculpture of a football player. Smith did not realize until 1982 that the sculpture had become the Heisman Trophy, the Downtown Athletic Club presented Smith with a Heisman Trophy of his own in 1985. From its inception in 1935, the statue was cast by Dieges & Clust in New York until 1980, for a time until at least 2008, the statues were cast by Roman Bronze Works in New York. There are 870 media voters,145 voters from each of six regions, according to Heisman. com there are currently 57 prior winners eligible to vote and, thus,57 potential votes. Fans, As the Premier Partner of the Heisman Trophy, Nissan has a vote, fan voting done through a survey collected by ESPN on NissanHeismanHouse. com. Each voter identifies three selections, ranking them in order, each first-place selection is awarded three points. Each second-place selection is awarded two points, each third-place selection is awarded one point. Voters must make three selections and cannot duplicate a selection, else the ballot is invalid and none of the selections count, the accounting firm Deloitte is responsible for the tabulation of votes, which has moved almost exclusively to online voting since 2007. Larry Kelley and Clint Frank of Yale were the first teammates to win the Heisman Trophy, nile Kinnick of Iowa was the only Heisman Trophy winner to have a stadium named after him. In 1972, the University of Iowa renamed its football complex Kinnick Stadium, Kinnick is also the only winner to die in military service of the United States, he went down piloting an F4F Wildcat from the deck of USS Lexington. His death in 1943 made him the first Heisman Trophy winner to die, Doc Blanchard was the first junior to win the Heisman Trophy when he led Army to the national title in 1945. Paul Hornung was the player to win the Heisman Trophy as a player for a losing team
16.
Pete Elliott
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Peter R. Elliott was an American football player and coach. Elliott was an All-American quarterback on the undefeated 1948 Michigan Wolverines football team won a national championship. He was also a basketball player who was first-team All-Big Ten Conference in 1948. The 1948 team finished third in the region of the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship. Elliott is the only Michigan athlete to have earned 12 letters in varsity sports, football, basketball, at Michigan, Elliott played football with his brother Bump, who also became a well known college coach. After college, Elliot served as an assistant coach at Oregon State, in 1956, he took the head coaching job at Nebraska, lasting one year with a record of 4–6. The next year, he took over at California, where he remained until 1959 with a record of 10–21. In 1958, he led the Golden Bears to an AAWU title and an appearance in the Rose Bowl, in 1960, Elliott succeeded Ray Eliot at Illinois and was at the school until 1966. With the Illini, his record was 31–34–1, earning a Big Ten title, a few months after the end of the 1966 season, he was forced to resign in the wake of a slush fund scandal in the athletic program. In 1973, he became coach at Miami, where he remained for two years and compiled an 11–11 record. Elliott served as director at Miami from 1973 to 1978. In March 1978, Elliott rejoined his former boss, Bud Wilkinson, Elliott served as Executive Director of the Pro Football Hall of Fame from 1979 to 1995 and was serving on its Board of Trustees. Elliott was also a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity and was selected as a Significant Sig and he died in Canton, Ohio of congestive heart failure in 2013, at the age of 86. University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor Pete Elliott at the College Football Hall of Fame
17.
Len Ford
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Leonard Guy Ford, Jr. was an American football player from 1944 to 1958. He played college football for the University of Michigan and professional football for the Los Angeles Dons, Cleveland Browns and he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1976 and the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1996. Ford was an all-city athlete at his school in Washington, D. C. After a brief stint in the U. S. Navy the following year, he transferred to Michigan and he played for Michigan from 1945 to 1947 and was a member of the undefeated 1947 team that has been selected as the best team in the history of Michigan football. After the AAFC dissolved in 1949, Ford played eight seasons as an end for the Cleveland Browns. During those eight seasons, the Browns advanced to the NFL championship game seven times, Ford was one of the dominant defensive players of his era, having a rare combination of size and speed that helped him disrupt opposing offenses and force fumbles. He was selected as a first-team All-NFL player five times and played in four Pro Bowls, Ford was traded to the Packers in 1958, but played there just one season before retiring. He worked for the Detroit recreation department from 1963 to 1972 and he suffered a heart attack and died in 1972 at age 46. Ford was born in Washington, D. C. in 1926. His father, Leonard G. Ford, Sr. was a Virginia native who was employed as a laborer by the federal government in 1920. His mother, Jeraldine, was also a Virginia native who worked as a worker in a settlement house in 1940. Ford had a sister, Anita, and a younger brother. As a teenager, Ford attended Armstrong Technical High School, where he played football, basketball and baseball. As a high school athlete, he aspired to play fullback in football, but he recalled, I started to grow. He was chosen by local sportswriters as an all-city athlete in all three sports in his year, and he served as captain of all three teams for one season each. After he graduated in 1944, Theodore McIntyre, Fords high school coach, suggested he attend Morgan State University. Ford played for the Morgan State Bears football team for one year head coach Edward P. Hurt. The basketball team won its leagues championship in 1944, Ford left Morgan State and joined the U. S. Navy in 1945, but stayed in the service only briefly as World War II came to an end
18.
Al Wistert
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Albert Alexander Ox Wistert was an All-Pro American football tackle in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles. He played his entire nine-year NFL career for the Eagles and became their team captain and he was named to play in the NFLs first Pro Bowl as an Eagle. During most of Wisterts career there were no football All-star games, Wistert played college football at the University of Michigan. He is one of the three brothers—along with Whitey and Alvin— who were named All-American tackles at Michigan and later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and he was the first Michigan alumnus to be selected to the National Football League Pro Bowl. The Wistert brothers all wore jersey No.11 at Michigan and are among the seven players who have had their numbers retired by the Michigan Wolverines football program. Their number will be put back into circulation starting on November 10,2012 before a Michigan home game against Northwestern as part of the Michigan Football Legend program, Wistert, who was born in Chicago, Illinois, was from a Lithuanian family. His father, Kazimer Wistert, was a Spanish–American War veteran who was killed in the line of duty while working for the Chicago Police Department. The story of the Wistert brothers at Michigan began when Whiteys Carl Schurz High School classmate John Kowalik was invited to visit the University of Michigan, at the time, Whitey Wistert had a factory job where he was involved with building Majestic radios. Kowalik took Whitey with him on his visit to Ann Arbor, and according to Alvin, thats how it started, the Wisterts of Michigan. After graduating from Foreman High School, Wistert became the second of the Wistert brothers to play for Michigan where he wore number 11 like his brothers and he was a consensus All-American and team MVP in 1942. He played in the 1943 East–West Shrine Game, in 1981, he was named to the University of Michigan Hall of Honor in the fourth class of inductees alongside his brothers. Only five Michigan football players earned this honor before him, Michigan posted a 20–5–1 record during Wisterts three years on the team. In 1940, the only loss in its eight-game season was to the eventual national champion Minnesota Golden Gophers football. The Wolverines followed that season with 6–1–1 and 7–3 marks in the two years. Wistert served as captain of the College All-star team that beat the Sammy Baugh-led National Football League champion Washington Redskins, 27–7 and he was the only one of the three brothers not to play on a national championship squad at Michigan. After being drafted in the round by the Philadelphia Eagles and signing for $3800. He earned All-Pro honors in eight of his nine seasons, as a two-way player, he played his entire nine-year career for the Philadelphia Eagles The National Football League had no All-Star games between 1943 and 1950. Thus, although Wistert was a perennial All-Pro selection, it is difficult to him to more modern players who are often measured by Pro Bowl invitations
19.
Howard Yerges
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As of 2009, Yerges was one of three players to play on both sides of the Michigan – Ohio State football rivalry. Yerges was a native of Point Pleasant, West Virginia and he played quarterback for Grandview High School in the Grandview Heights section of Columbus, Ohio. His father, Howard Frederick Yerges, Sr. played for the Ohio State Buckeyes in the 1910s, Yerges began his collegiate football career at Ohio State University, where he received a varsity letter in football in 1943. As a U. S. Navy trainee, Yerges was transferred to the University of Michigan prior to the 1944 academic year. The 20-year-old sophomore, who had played for the Buckeyes in 1943, Yerges earned a varsity letter in football from Michigan in 1944. Yerges again began the 1945 season as a backup for Joe Ponsetto and he scored a touchdown for Michigan in September 1945 against Great Lakes Naval Training Station Bluejackets, 27-2. Yerges took over as Michigans quarterback in November 1945, replacing Ponsetto, in his first game as Michigans starting quarterback, Yerges led the Wolverines to a 26-0 win over Minnesota on November 3,1945. He scored Michigans first touchdown of the game on a sneak in the first quarter. He also led the Wolverines to a 7-3 win over Ohio State in 1945, Yerges was Michigans starting quarterback in five games of the 1946 season, sharing the quarterback position with Jack Wiesenburger and Pete Elliott. In March 1947, the Western Conference faculty representatives approved Yerges for a season of competition. Yerges was part of a backfield in 1947 that included Bob Chappuis, Bump Elliott, the undefeated 1947 team became known as the Mad Magicians due to Coach Fritz Crislers complex shifts, stunts, and schemes. As the field general of the Mad Magicians team, Yerges became known as Crislers second brain, the AP called Yerges the unheralded field general and ball-handler of Michigans magical attack. Yerges played his game in a Michigan uniform in the 1948 Rose Bowl. Yerges both threw and caught passes in the 1948 Rose Bowl, he received an 18-yard pass from Bob Chappuis. After graduating from Michigan, Yerges took a job in the fall of 1948 with the engineering department of a Flint, Michigan. When the 1947 Wolverines staged a 10-year reunion of their Rose Bowl championship in 1958, but he blocked, faked and quarterbacked to perfection. As of 1958, Yerges was working as a sales executive in St. Louis
20.
Jack Weisenburger
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John Edward Jack Weisenburger is a former American football and baseball player. He later played baseball for five years from 1948 to 1952. Weisenburger was born in Muskegon County, Michigan in August 1926 and his father, Merle Weisenburger, was an Ohio native who worked as a laborer in a pattern shop. His mother, Ada Weisenburger, was a Michigan native, at the time of the 1930 United States Census, Weisenburger lived in Norton Shores, Michigan with his parents and two brothers, Robert and Kenneth. He attended Muskegon Heights High School where he played varsity football, basketball, baseball and he was an all-conference basketball player and was selected as the class president in his sophomore, junior and senior years. The 1944 Muskegon Heights High School yearbook said of him, Ferocious in football, Weisenburger played college football as a halfback, fullback and quarterback at the University of Michigan from 1944 to 1947. He started five games at fullback for the 1944 Michigan Wolverines football team, in 1946, he started the season as a fullback, but suffered a broken jaw in an early game against Army. Weisenburger ended up starting three games at quarterback and one each at fullback and halfback for the 1946 team, as a senior, Weisenbuger was the starting fullback for the 1947 Michigan Wolverines football team that finished the season with a 10–0 record and outscored opponents 394 to 53. The 1947 team became known as the Mad Magicians and is considered by some to be the greatest Michigan team of all time, one sports writer referred to the 1947 backfield as a backfield full of pervasive shadows that flit about like wraiths. The 1947 Michigan team is notable for head coach Fritz Crislers innovation of modern platoon football. He finished his career by scoring three touchdowns in the 1948 Rose Bowl against the USC Trojans. He scored the games first touchdown ten minutes into the game and he later recalled, What astonished me was the ease with which our line opened holes for us. It was one of days when everything clicked. Michigan won the game 49 to 0, Weisenburger also played as an infielder for the Michigan Wolverines baseball team from 1945 to 1948. In his four year career at Michigan, Weisenburger alternated between shortstop and the outfield. He led the Maize and Blue batting parade last season and will captain the squad during the 1948 campaign, Weisenburger was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity at Michigan. He graduated from Michigan in 1948 with a degree in physical education and he played professional baseball from 1948 to 1952 for the Pawtucket Slaters, Milwaukee Brewers, Denver Bears, Evansville Braves and Tulsa Oilers. During his career, he played mostly as a third baseman and he had his best season in 1950, when he played in 121 games for the Brewers and compiled a.404 slugging average with 20 doubles,13 home runs, and 43 RBIs
21.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
22.
Buck-lateral series
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The term buck-lateral describes a football play or a series of plays used in the Single-wing formation. Since the Single-Wing formation lost prominence by 1950, the play referred to as the Buck-lateral is almost gone from footballs vocabulary. However, prior to time, the buck-lateral play gave fullbacks the option to run, lateral. Running the buck-lateral required an offensive scheme that needed the fullback to possess many specialized skills, as opposed to todays fullback who mainly blocks and carries the ball infrequently. Before the invention of the Single-Wing offense by Pop Warner, offenses used simple plays designed for runners to attack the front behind massed line blocking. This battering ram approach usually involved the biggest runner, the fullback, the term lateral describes a short toss from one back to another that does not advance the ball. A ball that goes forward to another player is called a forward pass, the pass and the lateral are both allowed to advance the ball when the offense is operating behind their line of scrimmage. Once beyond the line of scrimmage the lateral is the means of transferring the ball to another player. The Buck-lateral was a designed for single wing fullbacks to receive the toss from the center. However, at point the fullback might pause to do one of several deceptive options, usually handing-off to passing backs or even keeping the ball. If the fullback delivers the ball to another back, the new carrier might have additional options including handing or lateralling the ball to still another back. Warners Carlisle formation, or Single-Wing, added additional misdirection and trickery to allow for runners to gain yards by deceiving the defense, the Single-wing also allowed the offense to put more blockers at the point of attack than the defense could muster. The play had several scripted or read options to confuse the defense, the player who was given permission to read the play could determine for himself whether to keep the ball or deliver it to another player. The fullback could basically either keep the ball to pound the middle of the line, once in possession, the quarterback then continued the possibilities for initiating other permutations to the play. To understand the mechanics of the play, one has to understand basic terminology of the single-wing formation, the tailback was stationed four and one-half yards behind the short-side guard. In a typical formation, the fullback would line up three and one-half yards behind the long-side guard, one and one-half yards behind the tackle or guard, would be the quarterback or blocking back. Finally, the wingback aligns himself to the outside of the defensive tackle. He is only one yard off the line, in most offenses the tailback was the main ball handler and generator of offense, however, the fullback could also take the direct snap due to his proximity to the tailback
23.
1947 Michigan State Spartans football team
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The 1947 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College in the 1947 college football season. In their first season head coach Biggie Munn, the Spartans compiled a 7–2 record. The 1947 Spartans lost their rivalry game with the undefeated 1947 Michigan team by a 55 to 0 score. The Spartans only other setback was a narrow 7 to 6 loss to Kentucky, in intersectional play, the Spartans beat Mississippi State, Washington State, Santa Clara, Temple, and Hawaii. The Hawaii game was played in Honolulu on November 29,1947, on September 27,1947, Michigan State opened the season with a non-conference game against Michigan. Playing in Ann Arbor in front of 73,115 spectators, the game was the first as head coach of the Spartans for Biggie Munn, who had been an assistant coach at Michigan from 1938 to 1945. Michigan dominated the game, outgaining Michigan State 504 yards to 56, Michigan head coach Fritz Crisler played second, third, and fourth string players later in the game, using 37 players in all. Bob Chappuis ran for three touchdowns and threw a pass for another. Jim Brieske made seven of eight point after attempts in the game. Michigan scored twice in the first quarter on runs by Jack Weisenburger. The second touchdown was set up by a 53-yard run by Bump Elliott, the Wolverines added two more touchdowns in the second quarter on short runs by Chappuis and Bump Elliott. Three more touchdowns followed in the quarter, including a long touchdown pass from Chappuis to Len Ford with Ford running the last 35 yards after the catch. Center Dan Dworsky also scored on a 36-yard fumble return
24.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ann Arbor is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934, the citys population was estimated at 117,070 as of July 2015 by the U. S. Census Bureau. The Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Washtenaw County, the city is also part of the larger Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI Combined Statistical Area with a population of 5,318,744. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the villages founders, the University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics, Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements. Ann Arbor is home to the University of Michigan, one of the foremost research universities in the United States, the university shapes Ann Arbors economy significantly as it employs about 30,000 workers, including about 12,000 in the medical center. The citys economy is centered on high technology, with several companies drawn to the area by the universitys research and development infrastructure. In about 1774, the Potawatomi founded two villages in the area of what is now Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the plat was registered with Wayne County as Annarbour. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres of land purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allens sawmill, Ann Arbor became the seat of Washtenaw County in 1827, and was incorporated as a village in 1833. The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside 40 acres of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capital, but lost the bid to Lansing. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, since the universitys establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor, while the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbors Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, during the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, during the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city
25.
WDIV-TV
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WDIV-TV virtual channel 4 is an NBC-affiliated television station located in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The station serves as the flagship broadcast property of the Graham Holdings Company subsidiary Graham Media Group, WDIV maintains studio facilities – which also house the headquarters of Graham Media Group – located on West Lafayette Boulevard in Detroit. As such, WDIV-TV is the major television station in the market whose offices and studios are located in Detroit proper. The station first signed on the air as WWDT on October 23,1946 for one day of demonstrative programming and it was the first television station in Michigan and the tenth station to sign on in the United States overall. The station was owned by the Evening News Association, parent company of the Detroit News. On May 15,1947, the station changed its call letters to WWJ-TV to match its radio sisters. Channel 4 had a number of broadcasting firsts in Michigan including the first telecast of Detroit Tigers, Red Wings, the stations studios and transmitter were originally located in the Detroit News building in downtown Detroit. In 1954, the moved to a new 1, 004-foot transmitter at the intersection of Greenfield. Network programming was broadcast in color starting in 1954, the station began broadcasting its newscasts and other locally produced programs in color in 1960, when it purchased new studio camera equipment. Over the years, the Evening News Association acquired several other broadcasting outlets, such as KTVY in Oklahoma City, KOLD-TV in Tucson, Arizona and WALA-TV in Mobile, Alabama. Eventually, the Evening News Association created Universal Communications Corporation as a company for its broadcasting interests. In 1969, the Federal Communications Commission began to impose restrictions on the ownership of print. The combination of the Detroit News and WWJ-AM-FM-TV was given grandfathered protection from the new regulations, but by the mid-to-late 1970s, the Evening News Association was under pressure to break up its Detroit cluster voluntarily. Fearing that an FCC-forced divestiture was imminent, the Evening News Association agreed to trade WWJ-TV to the Washington Post Company in return for that companys flagship station, on July 22,1978, channel 4 changed its call letters to the present WDIV-TV, for Detroits IV. Additionally, in a series of promotional announcements with news anchor Dwayne X. Riley, in 1982, WDIV moved out of its facility adjacent to the headquarters of the Detroit News and moved one block to its current broadcast facility at West Lafayette Boulevard. The station later became available outside the Detroit market when it was selected for inclusion on many Canadian cable providers in the late 1980s, WDIVs signal has been uplinked on C-band satellite since at least 1988. The station airs the shows charity preview, Americas Thanksgiving Parade, The Ford Fireworks. On April 15,2005, former WDIV employee John Owens was shot in the lobby by Epifanio Rivas
26.
Ryan Field (stadium)
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Ryan Field is a stadium in Evanston, Illinois, United States on the campus of Northwestern University. It is primarily used for American football, and is the field of the Northwestern Wildcats football team. The field opened in 1926 and holds 47,130 people, prior to 1997, the stadium was named Dyche Stadium, for William Dyche, Class of 1882, former Evanston mayor and overseer of the building project. In 1997, the facility was renamed Ryan Field in honor of the family of Aon Corporation founder Patrick G. Ryan, at the time it was constructed, then Dyche Stadium was considered one of the finest college football stadiums in the country. The stadium originally consisted of two semi circular grandstands on either sideline, with the west sideline having a small, curved upper deck whose 2 ends abut in matching concrete towers, the purpose of the curved grandstands was to maximize the number of fans sitting close to the action. Endzone seating was added in the south endzone, and in 1952 McGaw Memorial Hall was built beyond the north endzone. The stadium had a turf surface from 1973 to 1996. Prior to the 1997 season, natural grass was installed and the surface was lowered approximately five feet to improve sight lines from the lowest rows of the stadium. As of 2017, Ryan Field is the stadium in the Big Ten which does not have permanent light standards. After Evanston residents petitioned city officials to block the team moving there permanently. The stadium hosted the 1932 Womens and 1948 Mens US Olympic Trials for track, the Womens Trials were held July 16,1932 and the Mens Trials were held July 9–10,1948. The venue also hosted the 1943 NCAA Mens Track and Field Championships, the stadium also hosted the Chicago College All-Star Game in 1943 and 1944. Both games were played at night with the use of temporary lights, the college all-stars held their practices for the game at Ryan Field in years such as 1934 and 1935. Northwesterns decision to rename Dyche Stadium to Ryan Field defied the universitys own 1926 resolution that forbade such a change, school officials said that a private institution can override previous boards decisions, and dismissed the earlier resolution as a show of appreciation. But NU did not explain why a mere gesture of appreciation would expressly state that any football stadium at any location would retain the name Dyche, as indeed the 1926 resolution does. The Dyche family wasnt notified of the change, NU claimed that the only descendant they found was a grandniece, despite other family members living in Chicago and being listed in the phone book. After the family protested, NU said it was willing to install a plaque at the stadium. The closest transit stations are Metra commuter railroads Central Street station, parts of Four Friends, a 1981 film directed by Arthur Penn, were filmed at Dyche Stadium
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Evanston, Illinois
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It is one of the North Shore communities that adjoin Lake Michigan and is the home of Northwestern University. The boundaries of the city of Evanston are coterminous with those of the former Evanston Township, prior to the 1830s, the area now occupied by Evanston was mainly uninhabited, consisting largely of wetlands and swampy forest. However, Potawatomi Indians used trails along higher lying ridges that ran in a general direction through the area. French explorers referred to the area as Grosse Pointe after a point of land jutting into Lake Michigan about 13 miles north of the mouth of the Chicago River. The area remained sparsely settled, supporting some farming and lumber activity on some of the higher ground. The 1850 census shows a few hundred settlers in this township, in 1851, a group of Methodist business leaders founded Northwestern University and Garrett Biblical Institute. They chose a bluffed and wooded site along the lake as Northwesterns home, purchasing several hundred acres of land from Dr. John Foster, a Chicago farm owner. In 1854, the founders of Northwestern submitted to the county judge their plans for a city to be named Evanston after John Evans, in 1857, the request was granted. The township of Evanston was split off from Ridgeville Township, at approximately the same time, the nine founders, including John Evans, Orrington Lunt, and Andrew Brown, hoped their university would attain high standards of intellectual excellence. Today these hopes have been fulfilled, as Northwestern consistently ranks with the best of the nations universities, Evanston was formally incorporated as a town on December 29,1863, but declined in 1869 to become a city despite the Illinois legislature passing a bill for that purpose. Evanston expanded after the Civil War with the annexation of the village of North Evanston, finally, in early 1892, following the annexation of the village of South Evanston, voters elected to organize as a city. The 1892 boundaries are largely those that exist today, during the 1960s, Northwestern University changed the citys shoreline by adding a 74-acre lakefill. In 1939, Evanston hosted the first NCAA basketball championship final at Northwestern Universitys Patten Gymnasium, in August 1954, Evanston hosted the second assembly of the World Council of Churches, still the only WCC assembly to have been held in the United States. President Dwight Eisenhower welcomed the delegates, and Dag Hammarskjöld, secretary-general of the United Nations, Evanston first received power in April 1893. Many people lined the streets on Emerson St. where the first appearance of lights were lined and turned on. Evanston is the birthplace of Tinkertoys, and Evanston, along with Ithaca, New York, Two Rivers, Wisconsin, Evanston was the home of the Clayton Mark and Company, which for many years supplied the most jobs. Evanston was a dry community from 1858 until 1972, when the City Council voted to allow restaurants, in 1984, the Council voted to allow retail liquor outlets within the city limits. According to the 2010 census, Evanston has an area of 7.802 square miles
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Little Brown Jug (college football trophy)
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The Little Brown Jug is an earthenware jug that serves as a trophy awarded to the winner of the game. It is one of the oldest and most played rivalries in American college football, both universities are founding members of the Big Ten Conference. As a result of the Big Ten not playing a complete schedule, Michigan. In 2011, with the initiation of divisional play, Michigan. However, when the conference expanded again three years later, the teams were split into opposite divisions. The conference stated there will be only one protected crossover matchup under the new alignment, Indiana vs. Purdue for the Old Oaken Bucket, Michigan is the current holder of the jug with a 29–26 victory on October 31,2015. Through the end of the 2015 season, Michigan leads the series, the teams met for the first time in 1892 in Minneapolis, with Minnesota prevailing 14–6. Michigan and Minnesota played five games over the next decade. The earthenware jug, originally used by Michigan coach Fielding H. Yost, is painted with the victories of each team, the name most likely originates in the 1869 song of the same name by Joseph Winner. After Yost took over coaching the Wolverines in 1901, the team went on to win 28 straight games, in the meantime, Minnesota assembled one of the best teams in school history, so Gopher fans were excited about possibly ending the Wolverines streak. When Yost and the team came into Minneapolis for the 1903 game, Yost was somewhat concerned that Gopher fans might contaminate his water supply. Roberts purchased a five-gallon jug for 30¢ from a variety store. Twenty thousand fans watched the matchup between the two teams in an overflowing Northrop Field, Minnesota held the fabled point-a-minute squad to just one touchdown, but hadnt yet managed to score a touchdown of their own. Finally, late in the half, the Gophers reached the endzone to tie the game at 6. As clouds from an impending storm hung overhead, pandemonium struck when Minnesota fans stormed the field in celebration, eventually the game had to be called with two minutes remaining. The Wolverines walked off the field, leaving the jug behind in the room of the University of Minnesota Armory. The next day custodian Oscar Munson brought the jug to L. J. Cooke, head of the Minnesota athletics department, exactly how Munson came to possess the jug is a bit of a mystery. Some accounts say that Munson purposely stole the jug in the chaos that ended the game, Thomas Roberts, writing in 1956, stated that the jug had served its purpose, so he intentionally left it sitting on the field
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Memorial Stadium (Champaign)
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Memorial Stadium is a football stadium in Champaign, Illinois, in the United States, on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The stadium is a memorial to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign students who died in World War I, the stadium is primarily used as the home of the Universitys football team. In the early 1920s, the old stadium, Illinois Field, was deemed inadequate. There was some sentiment for retaining the site, but it was too congested to expand the stadium adequately, so a new site was selected, George Huff and Robert Zuppke were responsible for pushing most of the fundraising for this project. Memorial Stadium was completed in 1923 at a cost of US$1.7 million and its original U-shaped design borrows some form from the earlier constructed Harvard Stadium. The projects general contractor was English Brothers of Champaign, who are in business to this day, the name was chosen in honor of the dead from World War I. The original construction was financed with donations from University students, alumni, at the time, the stadium consisted of double-decked stands on the east and west sidelines. The single-decked horseshoe around the end zone was later completed. Heavy rain during the construction resulted in a bulldozer sinking into the field and it was decided the expense of removing the bulldozer would have been greater than leaving it buried under the field, and it remains there today. The bell of the USS Illinois, an Iowa-class battleship that was never completed, is on loan to the university and is in use and it is traditionally rung when the Fighting Illini score a touchdown or goal during home games. The first game played in the completed stadium was the Chicago-Illinois game on November 3,1923. The stadium is dedicated to the men of the University of Illinois that gave their lives serving in World War I, in 2002, the stadium dedication was extended to those who died in World War II. There are a total of 200 columns on the east and west sides of the stadium,183 columns display one name of a University of Illinois alum that lost their lives in the first war. The stadium was dedicated on October 18,1924, on which the University football team played a homecoming game against the University of Michigan. On way to a 39–14 Illini victory, Red Grange scored six touchdowns in one of the greatest single-game performances in football history. The football playing surface within the stadium is named Zuppke Field, in honor of Robert Zuppke, the north end of Zuppke Field hosts The Grange Rock, a tribute to Red Grange. The tribute was dedicated on October 22,1994, with Mrs. Margaret Grange, Red Granges wife, the rock came from the same Indiana quarry that produced the stadiums columns. In 2009, a 12-foot statue of Red Grange was dedicated as the capstone of the stadiums Illinois Renaissance renovations, the Ray Eliot Varsity Room is named for Ray Eliot, the University of Illinois head football coach from 1942 to 1959
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Champaign, Illinois
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Champaign is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The city is 135 miles south of Chicago,124 miles west of Indianapolis, Indiana, the United States Census Bureau estimates the city was home to 84,513 people as of July 1,2014. Champaign is the tenth-most populous city in Illinois, and the states fourth-most populous city outside of the Chicago metropolitan area, Champaign is notable for sharing the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign with its sister city of Urbana. Champaign is also the home of Parkland College which serves about 18,000 students during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of well known technology startup companies, it is referred to as the hub, or a significant landmark. Champaign houses offices for Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland, Caterpillar, Deere & Company, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, State Farm, and Intel all of which are Fortune 500 companies, and for Sony. Champaign was founded in 1855, when the Illinois Central Railroad laid its rail track two miles west of downtown Urbana, originally called West Urbana, it was renamed Champaign when it acquired a city charter in 1860. Both the city and county name were derived from Champaign County, during February 1969, Carl Perkins joined with Bob Dylan to write the song Champaign, Illinois, which Perkins released on his album On Top. The two Champaign, Illinois songs are not similar to other, except that Bob Dylan was involved in both of them. On September 22,1985, Champaign hosted the first Farm Aid concert at the University of Illinois Memorial Stadium, the concert drew a crowd of 80,000 people and raised over $7 million for American family farmers. In 2005, Champaign-Urbana was the location of the National Science Olympiad Tournament, the city also hosts the state Science Olympiad competition every year. The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign once again hosted the National competition on May 20–22,2010, in 2013, Champaign was rated fifth best place in the United States for a healthy work-life balance. According to the 2010 census, Champaign has an area of 22.457 square miles. Champaign is located on high ground, providing sources to the Kaskaskia River to the west. Downtown Champaign drains into Boneyard Creek, which feeds the Saline Branch of the Salt Fork Vermilion River, Champaign shares a border with the neighboring city of Urbana, together they are home to the University of Illinois. Champaign, Urbana, and the village of Savoy form the Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area also known as Champaign-Urbana. It may also be known as the Twin Cities or Chambana. The following diagram represents localities within a 35 miles radius of Champaign, the city has a humid continental climate, typical of the Midwestern United States, with hot summers and cold, moderately snowy winters
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