1.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
2.
Haakon VII of Norway
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Haakon VII, known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was a Danish prince who became the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the union with Sweden. He reigned from November 1905 until his death in September 1957, as one of the few elected monarchs, Haakon quickly won the respect and affection of his people. He played a role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the Nazi invasion. He became King of Norway before his father and older brother became kings of Denmark, during his reign, he saw his father, his brother and his nephew, Frederick IX, ascend the throne of Denmark, respectively in 1906,1912 and 1947. He died at the age of 85 on 21 September 1957 and he was succeeded by his only son, Olav V. Prince Carl of Denmark was the son of King Frederik VIII of Denmark. Furthermore, he was a brother of Christian X, a paternal grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark. Prince Carl was born at Charlottenlund Palace near Copenhagen and he belonged to the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg. The House of Oldenburg had been the Danish royal family since 1448, the house was originally from northern Germany, where the Glucksburg branch held their small fief. The family had permanent links with Norway beginning from the late Middle Ages, several of his paternal ancestors had been kings of independent Norway. Christian Frederick, who was King of Norway briefly in 1814, Prince Carl was raised in the royal household in Copenhagen and educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy. Their son, Prince Alexander, the future Crown Prince Olav, was born on 2 July 1903, gradually, Prince Carl became the leading candidate, largely because he was descended from independent Norwegian kings. The new royal family of Norway left Denmark on the Danish royal yacht Dannebrog, at Oscarsborg Fortress, they boarded the Norwegian naval ship Heimdal. After a three-day journey, they arrived in Kristiania early on the morning of 25 November 1905, two days later, Haakon took the oath as Norways first independent king in 518 years. The coronation of Haakon and Maud took place in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on 22 June 1906, King Haakon gained much sympathy from the Norwegian people. Although the Constitution of Norway vests the King with considerable executive powers, Haakon confined himself to non-partisan roles without interfering in politics, a practice continued by his son and grandson. However, his long rule gave him moral authority as a symbol of the countrys unity. Haakon, Maud and Crown Prince Olav became interested in skiing and this sport is often viewed as typically Norwegian
3.
Olav V of Norway
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Olav V was King of Norway from 1957 until his death. Olav was the child of Haakon VII and Maud of Wales. He became heir apparent to the Norwegian throne when his father was elected King of Norway in 1905. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV, in preparation for his future role, he attended both civilian and military schools. In 1929, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden, during World War II his leadership was much appreciated and he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. At his death in 1991, he was the last surviving grandchild of Edward VII of the United Kingdom, due to his considerate, down-to-earth style, King Olav was immensely popular, resulting in the nickname Folkekongen. In a 2005 poll by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Olav was voted Norwegian of the century, Olav was a Danish prince born in Appleton House on the royal Sandringham Estate, Flitcham, United Kingdom. He was named Alexander Edward Christian Frederik, when his father was elected king of Norway, he took the Norwegian name Haakon VII, and on the day he was inaugurated, he gave his son the Norwegian name Olav. Olav was the first heir to the throne since medieval times to have raised in Norway. Unlike his father, who was an officer, Olav chose to complete his main military education in the army. He graduated from the three-year Norwegian Military Academy in 1924, with the fourth best score in his class, Olav then went on to study jurisprudence and economics for two years at Balliol College, Oxford. During the 1930s, Crown Prince Olav was a naval cadet serving on the training ship Olav Tryggvason. Olav moved upwards in the ranks of the Norwegian armed forces, rising in the army from a rank of first lieutenant, to captain in 1931. Olav jumped from the Holmenkollen ski jump in Oslo, and also competed in sailing regattas and he won a gold medal in sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam and remained an active sailor into old age. On 21 March 1929 in Oslo, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden with whom he had two daughters, Ragnhild and Astrid and one son, Harald. As exiles during World War II, Crown Princess Märtha and the children lived in Washington. She died in 1954, before her husband ascended the throne, as Crown Prince, Olav had received extensive military training and had participated in most major Norwegian military exercises. Because of this he was one of the most knowledgeable Norwegian military leaders and was respected by other Allied leaders for his knowledge
4.
Labour Party (Norway)
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The Labour Party, formerly the Norwegian Labour Party, is a social-democratic political party in Norway. It was formerly the senior partner of the governing Red-Green Coalition, the party is currently led by Jonas Gahr Støre. The Labour Party is officially committed to social-democratic ideals and its slogan since the 1930s has been everyone shall take part, and the party traditionally seeks a strong welfare state, funded through taxes and duties. During the first Stoltenberg government, the policies were inspired by Tony Blairs New Labour. The party has frequently described as increasingly neoliberal since the 1980s. The Labour Party profiles itself as a party that subscribes to cooperation on a national as well as international level. Its youth wing is the Workers Youth League, the party is a full member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance, and is an observer member of the Socialist International. The Labour Party has always been a supporter of Norways NATO membership and has supported Norwegian membership in the European Union during two referendums. Founded in 1887, the party increased in support until it became the largest party in Norway in 1927. This year also saw the consolidation of surrounding the party during the 1920s following its membership in the Comintern from 1919 to 1923. It formed its first government in 1928, and has led the government for all but 16 years since 1935, from 1945 to 1961, the party had an absolute majority in the Norwegian parliament, the only time this has ever happened in Norwegian history. The domination by the Labour Party, during the 1960s and early 1970s, was broken by competition from the left. From the end of the 1970s however, the party started to lose voters to the right, in 2001 the party achieved its worst electoral results since 1924. Between 2005 and 2013, Labour returned to power after committing to an agreement with other parties in order to form a majority government. Since losing 9 seats in the 2013 election, Labour has been in opposition, the party was founded in 1887 in Arendal and first ran in elections to the Parliament of Norway in 1894. It entered Parliament in 1904 after the 1903 election, and steadily increased its vote until 1927, the party were members of Comintern, a Communist organisation, between 1918 and 1923. From the establishment of Vort Arbeide in 1884, the party had a growing and notable organisation of newspapers, the party press system eventually resulted in Norsk Arbeiderpresse. In January 1913 the party had 24 newspapers, and 6 more newspapers were founded in 1913, the party also had the periodical Det 20de Aarhundre
5.
1955 in Norway
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Events in the year 1955 in Norway. Monarch – Haakon VII Prime Minister – Oscar Torp until 22 January,22 January – Gerhardsens Third Cabinet was appointed. 3 December – Osvald Harjo returned to Norway after 13 years in Soviet prison camps, municipal and county elections are held throughout the country. 17 October – Charles Mackenzie Bruff, forensic chemist, anders Fjelstad, politician Karl Hovelsen, Nordic skier Andreas Tostrup Urbye, politician and Minister
6.
Kongsberg Silver Mines
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The silver mines of Kongsberg, in Buskerud county in Norway, constitute the largest mining field in Norway, with over 80 different mines. The town of Kongsberg houses the Norwegian Mining Museum, which houses collection of silver, tools, and machinery utilised by the miners, engineers, silver was first discovered between the 1 July and 5 July 1623. The story says that two small children - Helga and Jacob - were out shepherding their cattle at the top of Gruveåsen hill and they had an ox with them which scraped on the side of the mountain. They could see something shining and glimmering, and they picked it up, recognizing it as silver and quite valuable, he melted it and brought it to the town of Skien in Telemark county to sell it. In Skien he was arrested, the finding it suspicious that someone would attempt to sell silver at such a low price. Being convinced that he was a thief, he was given the choice between telling where he had found the silver, or being sentenced to hard labour and he chose to tell the authorities he had found the silver in Southern Sandsvær, which was the old name for Kongsberg. The king of Norway and Denmark at the time, Christian IV, came to Norway the following year, the silver mines are situated in Saggrenda, approximately 8 kilometres west of Kongsberg. The Kings Mine is the biggest mine in the Kongsberg area, visitors board the mining train which takes them through the 2,300 metres of the Christian VII Adit. The bottom of the mine is 1,070 metres below the surface, since its closure in 1958, the silver mine has been preserved. Some 40,000 visit the museum annually, the tour includes the first man engine in Kongsberg in action. Helleberg, Odd Arne, Kongsberg Sølvverk 1623-1958, media related to Category, Kongensgruve at Wikimedia Commons
7.
1956 in Norway
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Events in the year 1956 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen 7 March - Several avalanches kill 21 people and causing damage in Nordland. 9 April - The Norwegian Humanist Association is founded,12 October - The Norwegian motor vehicle manufacturer Troll Plastik & Bilindustri presents the first Troll car in Telemark. Roald Aas, speed skater and Olympic gold medallist and cyclist, is awarded the Egebergs Ærespris for his achievements as both a speed skater and a cyclist
8.
1954 in Norway
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Events in the year 1954 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Prime Minister - Oscar Torp 28 March – Bear Island accident, the plane had a crew of 8 men and one passenger. One of the crew survived the accident. 3 May - Asbjørn Sunde and Erling Nordby were convicted for treason, state-owned Årdal og Sunndal Verk begins construction on the Sunndal plant. Martin Stokken, cross country skier and athlete, is awarded the Holmenkollen medal, football Association of Norway joins UEFA
9.
1958 in Norway
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Events in the year 1958 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen 8 January - Fire breaks out in the coastal steamer MS Erling Jarl while it is docked in Bodø,22 June - Olav V is crowned as ruler of Norway in the Nidaros Cathedral. Harald Sverdrup, poet and childrens writer, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for his poetry, astrid Tollefsen, poet, is awarded the Gyldendals Endowment literature prize. 4 February - Kjell Ola Dahl, writer 25 February - Eugene Ejike Obiora, died during police arrest 19 June - Siri Bjerke, politician 28 July - Peter M
10.
1960 in Norway
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Events in the year 1960 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen 1 May - The U-2 incident reveals that the United States uses Norwegian air bases as part of spying missions against the Soviet Union,20 August - King Olav V declares television officially opened in Norway. 6 October - The Akershus University Hospital opens 1 November – Population Census,3,591,234 inhabitants in Norway,9 December - The Norwegian government decides, contrary to the advice of the Norwegian military leadership, that Norway will not acquire any nuclear weapons. NRK began its television broadcasts. 7 February - Ingunn Foss, politician 29 March - Sonja Mandt-Bartholsen, politician 27 April - Hanne Hegh,29 July - Kristian Østervold, sailor and Olympic gold medallist. 18 December - Trygve Schjøtt, sailor and Olympic gold medallist,28 December - Karl Eugen Hammerstedt, politician Bodil Katharine Biørn, missionary known as Mother Katharine Eilert Falch-Lund, sailor and Olympic gold medallist Birger Gotaas, journalist
11.
Harry Lundeberg
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Harrald Olaf Lundeberg was a merchant seaman and an American labor leader. Lundeberg left his home in Oslo, Norway at age 14, joined the Seamens Union of Australia in 1917 and he sailed for 21 years on sailing ships and steamers of a variety of flags, eventually earning American citizenship. In 1934, Lundeberg was sailing as mate aboard the SS James W. Griffiths. In the course of the 1934 West Coast Longshore Strike, Lundeberg walked off his ship in Oakland in support of the strike, at its height, at least 8,000 west coast sailors joined the strike. On July 30,1934, as the strike came close to conclusion and this umbrella organization was called the Maritime Federation and Lundeberg was named its first president. Later that year, he was elected Secretary-Treasurer of SUP, a month later, William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, took over the ISU with the goal of rebuilding it under the AFL. Lundeberg, who was now head of the Sailors Union of the Pacific. On October 15,1938 at an AFL convention in Houston, Texas, the new union numbered some 7,000 members on the east and gulf coasts. Lundeberg served as president of SIU from 1938 until his death from an attack in a San Francisco hospital on January 28,1957. There is a sculpture to Harry Lundeberg at 450 Harrison Street in San Francisco, California. The sculpture consists of a bust of Lundeberg, placed on a pedestal in front of the building. In 1967, Paul Hall established the Seafarers Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship in Piney Point, since then, thousands of SIU members have advanced their skills, and thousands of young people from deprived backgrounds have found employment through the school. There is a memorial to Hary Lundeberg outside the Seamans Hotel at the Seafarers Harry Lundeburg School of Seamanship, norwegian Cruise Line provides in-house STCW training in this facility for for their new hires. Lundeberg was 6 feet 2½ inches tall and weighed 190 pounds Lundeberg was tattooed, Lundeberg had a longstanding feud with longshoremans president Harry Bridges. Lundeberg once got a smashed jaw from a C. I. O. which was no different from the Teamsters at its worst and they came on our ships with baseball bats and bicycle chains. Thats how they introduced their union to Canada, retrieved March 16,2008 Frank Drozak Andrew Furuseth Michael Sacco Paul Hall Archie Green, Harry Lundebergs Stetson & Other Nautical Treasures. ISBN 0-9744124-3-0 Bio blurb at West Coast Sailors West Coast Sailors 30 Mar 2001, Harry Lundeberg Centennial Tribute
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