1.
Tom Robinson
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He later peaked at No.6 in the UK Singles Chart with his solo single War Baby. Tom Robinson was born into a family in Cambridge on 1 June 1950. He attended Friends School, Saffron Walden, a privately funded Quaker school. Robinson has two brothers and a sister, Matthew, George and Sophy, at the age of 13, Robinson realised that he was gay when he fell in love with another boy at school. Until 1967, male homosexual activity was still a crime in England, wracked with shame and self-hatred, he had a nervous breakdown and attempted suicide at 16. A head teacher got him transferred to Finchden Manor, a community for teens with emotional difficulties in Kent. At Finchden Manor, Robinson was inspired by John Peels The Perfumed Garden on pirate Radio London, the legendary bluesman and broadcaster transfixed a roomful of people with nothing but his voice and an acoustic guitar. The whole direction of Robinsons life and career became clear to him. In 1973, Robinson moved to London and joined the acoustic trio Café Society and they impressed Ray Davies of The Kinks enough for him to sign them to his Konk label and produce their debut album. According to Robinson, Daviess other commitments made the recording a lengthy process and, after it sold only 600 copies, he left the band. Subsequently, when the Tom Robinson Band were playing at the Nashville Rooms in London, Robinson saw Davies enter, Davies retaliated with the less-than-complimentary Kinks single Prince of the Punks, about Robinson. In London, Robinson became involved in the gay scene and embraced the politics of gay liberation. Inspired by an early Sex Pistols gig, he founded the more political Tom Robinson Band in 1976, the following year the group released the single 2-4-6-8 Motorway, which peaked at No.5 in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks. The song alludes obliquely to a gay truck driver, the song was banned by the BBC. In May 1978, the band released its album, Power in the Darkness, which was very well received, peaking at No.4 in the UK Albums Chart. Their second album, TRB Two, however, was a commercial and critical failure, and it was recorded, but not released until 1981 on the album The Fox. In 1980, Robinson organised Sector 27, a less political rock band released a critically acclaimed but unsuccessful album, Sector 27. The band nevertheless received a reception at a Madison Square Garden concert with The Police
2.
April 1967
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Belief in the story was increased, a UPI dispatch noted, because there are no week-end newspapers in Switzerland and television does not start broadcasting until 6 p. m. The United States Department of Transportation, created as a cabinet-level department separate from the U. S. Department of Commerce, began operations at 400 Seventh Street S. W. in Washington. As part of the opening day celebrations, new Transportation Secretary Alan S. Boyd arrived in a horse-drawn omnibus, french Prime Minister Georges Pompidou and his cabinet resigned in an apparent political maneuver to get a mandate of approval from the incoming National Assembly. Local elections began in 1,004 of the 2,526 villages in South Viet Nam, the other 1,522 villages were either not in a secured area or were under the control of Viet Cong rebels. Village elections would be held every Sunday through May 7 as the new South Vietnamese constitution took effect, a United Nations delegation arrived in Aden as it approached independence. They would leave five days later, after accusing British authorities of a lack of cooperation, the British would say the delegation had not contacted them in advance. S. Department of the Post Office should be abolished and replaced by a government corporation. If we ran our telephone system the way we run the post office, the Postal Reorganization Act would be signed in 1970 and the cabinet-level department would be replaced on July 1,1971 by the U. S. Postal Service. Whereas the Tongan pound had been divisible into 20 Tongan shillings or 240 Tongan pence, the new currency, the paanga was worth 10 Tongan shillings, and its value was on a par with one Australian dollar. King, who would be assassinated exactly one year later, addressed a gathering at the Riverside Church in New York City, the popular Peanuts comic strip entered a new era with the introduction of a new character that would later be given the name Woodstock. The tiny bird, who landed on Snoopy, would become the sidekick. Johnny Carson quit his job as host of The Tonight Show, Carson had not performed while the AFTRA strike continued against the American TV and radio networks. During the two weeks after the AFTRA strike failed, singer Jimmy Dean and comedian Bob Newhart took over hosting duties, Carson would receive a raise and return on April 24. Police in West Berlin arrested 11 people, most of them students, vice President Hubert H. Humphrey during his April 6 visit. Miss Amurao had seen Speck when she opened the door to the bedroom she shared with two nurses, but had been able to hide under a bed during the killings. Born, Anu Garg, Indian-born American writer and creator of wordsmith, Baird would fight his conviction to the U. S. Supreme Court which would, on March 22,1972, reverse the lower courts in the case of Eisenstadt v. Baird. A few days short of three years later, Ronald Lee Miller, an investigator for the Internal Revenue Service, would be indicted for the crime before the 3-year statute of limitations expired, after his conviction, Miller would be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. None of the money would ever be found
3.
May 1967
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The following events occurred in May 1967, Anastasio Somoza Debayle was sworn in as the new President of Nicaragua, succeeding Lorenzo Guerrero. Elvis Presley and Priscilla Beaulieu were married in a civil ceremony at the Aladdin Hotel in Las Vegas. GO Transit, Canadas first interregional public transit system, was established, mrs. Kosygin had been seriously ill and undergoing cancer treatment for nearly six months, although her illness had not been disclosed in the Soviet press. The California Assembly was debating passage of a bill that would forbid the carrying of a firearm into any public place in the state. No violence took place, other than scuffling between some of the Panthers and the police who responded to the incident. Sacramento city police stopped five cars that were bringing another 26 armed men join the 40 inside the capitol, and confiscated 15 weapons. As for the men in the building, the police declined to make arrests because there was no violation of the law. In the Democratic primary election in Gary, Indiana, Mayor A. Martin Katz was defeated for renomination by an African-American challenger, city councilman Richard G. Hatcher, the Toronto Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup for the last time of the 20th century. Fifty years later, the Leafs had not returned to the finals, the game also marked the last for the National Hockey League as a six-team league, as six expansion teams would begin play in the fall. Harold Wilson announced in the House of Commons that the United Kingdom would apply for EEC membership, four years earlier, in 1963, Frances President Charles de Gaulle had vetoed the UKs attempt to join the EEC. In The South Korean presidential election, incumbent President Park Chung-hee of the Democratic Republican Party received 5,688,666 votes to the 4,526,541 for Yun Bo-seon of the New Democratic Party, four other candidates split the remaining 7. 7%. The U. S. Ninety-six of the Marines were killed in the battle, the Convention of the International Hydrographic Organization was signed in Monaco. In addition to getting the first pictures of the south pole. The boy landed on the sundeck of on the floor, beside a swimming pool. Four days later, he was reported to be doing well at a hospital. His father would later sue the hotel for the serious injuries. The event that started the violence was when 150 workers blocked trucks attempting to out the days production of goods at 4,00 in the afternoon. At 4,20, when non-striking workers attempted to load a truck, strikers rushed at foreman Hung Biu and scuffling broke out, followed half an hour later by the arrival of the police
4.
June 1967
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The following events occurred in June 1967, The Beatles released their iconic album Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, which appeared on the Parlophone label in the United Kingdom that day and it would be the number one best selling album in the United Kingdom for 27 weeks, and number one in the United States for 15 weeks. Most notably, Eshkol and Foreign Minister Abba Eban brought in Moshe Dayan as the Israeli Defense Minister, the McDonalds fast-food chain went international with the opening of its first restaurant in Canada, located in Vancouver. In 2009, German investigators would discover that Kurras had been an operative for East Germanys secret police, the Stasi. Luis Monge was executed in Colorados gas chamber On June 28,1963, Monge had murdered his pregnant wife and three of his children at his home in Denver, then turned himself in to police. Monge would be the last person executed in the United States for almost ten years. American F-105 jets attacked the North Vietnamese port of Cam Pha and cannon fire struck a Soviet diesel ship, nikolai Rybachuk, a Soviet merchant sailor was killed and six others were injured. An Israeli Defense Forces patrol battled a four man squad of the Syrian Army, one soldier from Syria and two from Israel were killed. With demolition of the 1964 New York Worlds Fair site completed and reseeding and reclamation finished by fair organizers, the British Midland plane, a four-engine Argonaut, was bringing holiday travelers back from Majorca and was preparing to land at Manchester when it went down. The Six-Day War began as Israel launched a strike on Egyptian Air Force air fields at 9,00 in the evening. The allied armies of Egypt Syria, Iraq, Jordan, the Battle of Ammunition Hill became the start of Jordans ill-fated campaign. The Moscow–Washington hotline between the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of the Soviet Union was used in crisis for the first time since its inauguration August 30,1963. S, President Lyndon Johnson, with Johnson responding later in the day. Christian told reporters later that exchanges between the two leaders had taken throughout the war. Murderer Richard Speck was sentenced to death in the chair for killing eight student nurses in Chicago. The death penalty would be declared unconstitutional in 1972 before the sentence could be carried out, two police officers were wounded, and two others were taken hostage by the fleeing invaders. Commission on Civil Rights would prosecute Sanchez and other members of law enforcement for illegal arrests, died, Paul Schutzer,37, American photographer for Life magazine, was killed in a battle in the Negev desert while traveling with the Israeli Army to cover the war. Another American newsman, NBC producer Ted Yates, was wounded the same day while accompanying the Israeli invasion of East Jerusalem. Ben Oyserman, an Israeli photographer on assignment for the Canadian Broadcasting Company, was killed the day when he accidentally tripped a booby trap
5.
July 1967
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January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act,1867, featuring the Expo 67 Worlds Fair. January 2 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is inaugurated the new governor of California, january 4 – The Doors release their début album The Doors. January 5 Spain and Romania sign in Paris an agreement establishing full consular, Charlie Chaplin launches his last film, A Countess from Hong Kong, in the UK. January 6 – Vietnam War, USMC and ARVN troops launch Operation Deckhouse Five in the Mekong Delta, january 8 – Vietnam War, Operation Cedar Falls starts. January 10 – Segregationist Lester Maddox is sworn in as Governor of Georgia, january 12 – Dr. James Bedford becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved with the intent of future resuscitation. January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Étienne Eyadema, january 14 The New York Times reports that the U. S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments. The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, january 15 Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya, he names the species Kenyapithecus africanus. The United Kingdom enters the first round of negotiations for European Economic Community membership in Rome, American football, The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10 in the First AFL-NFL World Championship Game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. January 18 Albert DeSalvo is convicted of crimes and sentenced to life in prison. Jeremy Thorpe becomes leader of the UKs Liberal Party, a Fistful of Dollars, the first significant spaghetti Western film, is released in the United States. January 23 In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster and he is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. Milton Keynes is founded as a new town by Order in Council and its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of permanent settlement dating back to the Bronze Age, january 26 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom decides to nationalise 90% of the British steel industry. January 27 Apollo 1, U. S. astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White, the United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty. January 31 – West Germany and Romania establish diplomatic relations, February 2 – The American Basketball Association is formed. February 3 – Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, February 4 – The Soviet Union protests the demonstrations before its embassy in Beijing. February 5 NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3, italys first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto, is launched. General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua, February 6 – Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit
6.
August 1967
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January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act,1867, featuring the Expo 67 Worlds Fair. January 2 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is inaugurated the new governor of California, january 4 – The Doors release their début album The Doors. January 5 Spain and Romania sign in Paris an agreement establishing full consular, Charlie Chaplin launches his last film, A Countess from Hong Kong, in the UK. January 6 – Vietnam War, USMC and ARVN troops launch Operation Deckhouse Five in the Mekong Delta, january 8 – Vietnam War, Operation Cedar Falls starts. January 10 – Segregationist Lester Maddox is sworn in as Governor of Georgia, january 12 – Dr. James Bedford becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved with the intent of future resuscitation. January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Étienne Eyadema, january 14 The New York Times reports that the U. S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments. The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, january 15 Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya, he names the species Kenyapithecus africanus. The United Kingdom enters the first round of negotiations for European Economic Community membership in Rome, American football, The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10 in the First AFL-NFL World Championship Game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. January 18 Albert DeSalvo is convicted of crimes and sentenced to life in prison. Jeremy Thorpe becomes leader of the UKs Liberal Party, a Fistful of Dollars, the first significant spaghetti Western film, is released in the United States. January 23 In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster and he is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. Milton Keynes is founded as a new town by Order in Council and its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of permanent settlement dating back to the Bronze Age, january 26 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom decides to nationalise 90% of the British steel industry. January 27 Apollo 1, U. S. astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White, the United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty. January 31 – West Germany and Romania establish diplomatic relations, February 2 – The American Basketball Association is formed. February 3 – Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, February 4 – The Soviet Union protests the demonstrations before its embassy in Beijing. February 5 NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3, italys first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto, is launched. General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua, February 6 – Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit
7.
September 1967
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January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act,1867, featuring the Expo 67 Worlds Fair. January 2 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is inaugurated the new governor of California, january 4 – The Doors release their début album The Doors. January 5 Spain and Romania sign in Paris an agreement establishing full consular, Charlie Chaplin launches his last film, A Countess from Hong Kong, in the UK. January 6 – Vietnam War, USMC and ARVN troops launch Operation Deckhouse Five in the Mekong Delta, january 8 – Vietnam War, Operation Cedar Falls starts. January 10 – Segregationist Lester Maddox is sworn in as Governor of Georgia, january 12 – Dr. James Bedford becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved with the intent of future resuscitation. January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Étienne Eyadema, january 14 The New York Times reports that the U. S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments. The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, january 15 Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya, he names the species Kenyapithecus africanus. The United Kingdom enters the first round of negotiations for European Economic Community membership in Rome, American football, The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10 in the First AFL-NFL World Championship Game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. January 18 Albert DeSalvo is convicted of crimes and sentenced to life in prison. Jeremy Thorpe becomes leader of the UKs Liberal Party, a Fistful of Dollars, the first significant spaghetti Western film, is released in the United States. January 23 In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster and he is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. Milton Keynes is founded as a new town by Order in Council and its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of permanent settlement dating back to the Bronze Age, january 26 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom decides to nationalise 90% of the British steel industry. January 27 Apollo 1, U. S. astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White, the United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty. January 31 – West Germany and Romania establish diplomatic relations, February 2 – The American Basketball Association is formed. February 3 – Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, February 4 – The Soviet Union protests the demonstrations before its embassy in Beijing. February 5 NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3, italys first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto, is launched. General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua, February 6 – Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit
8.
October 1967
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January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act,1867, featuring the Expo 67 Worlds Fair. January 2 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is inaugurated the new governor of California, january 4 – The Doors release their début album The Doors. January 5 Spain and Romania sign in Paris an agreement establishing full consular, Charlie Chaplin launches his last film, A Countess from Hong Kong, in the UK. January 6 – Vietnam War, USMC and ARVN troops launch Operation Deckhouse Five in the Mekong Delta, january 8 – Vietnam War, Operation Cedar Falls starts. January 10 – Segregationist Lester Maddox is sworn in as Governor of Georgia, january 12 – Dr. James Bedford becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved with the intent of future resuscitation. January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Étienne Eyadema, january 14 The New York Times reports that the U. S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments. The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, january 15 Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya, he names the species Kenyapithecus africanus. The United Kingdom enters the first round of negotiations for European Economic Community membership in Rome, American football, The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10 in the First AFL-NFL World Championship Game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. January 18 Albert DeSalvo is convicted of crimes and sentenced to life in prison. Jeremy Thorpe becomes leader of the UKs Liberal Party, a Fistful of Dollars, the first significant spaghetti Western film, is released in the United States. January 23 In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster and he is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. Milton Keynes is founded as a new town by Order in Council and its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of permanent settlement dating back to the Bronze Age, january 26 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom decides to nationalise 90% of the British steel industry. January 27 Apollo 1, U. S. astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White, the United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty. January 31 – West Germany and Romania establish diplomatic relations, February 2 – The American Basketball Association is formed. February 3 – Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, February 4 – The Soviet Union protests the demonstrations before its embassy in Beijing. February 5 NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3, italys first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto, is launched. General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua, February 6 – Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit
9.
November 1967
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January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act,1867, featuring the Expo 67 Worlds Fair. January 2 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is inaugurated the new governor of California, january 4 – The Doors release their début album The Doors. January 5 Spain and Romania sign in Paris an agreement establishing full consular, Charlie Chaplin launches his last film, A Countess from Hong Kong, in the UK. January 6 – Vietnam War, USMC and ARVN troops launch Operation Deckhouse Five in the Mekong Delta, january 8 – Vietnam War, Operation Cedar Falls starts. January 10 – Segregationist Lester Maddox is sworn in as Governor of Georgia, january 12 – Dr. James Bedford becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved with the intent of future resuscitation. January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Étienne Eyadema, january 14 The New York Times reports that the U. S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments. The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, january 15 Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya, he names the species Kenyapithecus africanus. The United Kingdom enters the first round of negotiations for European Economic Community membership in Rome, American football, The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10 in the First AFL-NFL World Championship Game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. January 18 Albert DeSalvo is convicted of crimes and sentenced to life in prison. Jeremy Thorpe becomes leader of the UKs Liberal Party, a Fistful of Dollars, the first significant spaghetti Western film, is released in the United States. January 23 In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster and he is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. Milton Keynes is founded as a new town by Order in Council and its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of permanent settlement dating back to the Bronze Age, january 26 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom decides to nationalise 90% of the British steel industry. January 27 Apollo 1, U. S. astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White, the United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty. January 31 – West Germany and Romania establish diplomatic relations, February 2 – The American Basketball Association is formed. February 3 – Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, February 4 – The Soviet Union protests the demonstrations before its embassy in Beijing. February 5 NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3, italys first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto, is launched. General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua, February 6 – Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit
10.
December 1967
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January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act,1867, featuring the Expo 67 Worlds Fair. January 2 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is inaugurated the new governor of California, january 4 – The Doors release their début album The Doors. January 5 Spain and Romania sign in Paris an agreement establishing full consular, Charlie Chaplin launches his last film, A Countess from Hong Kong, in the UK. January 6 – Vietnam War, USMC and ARVN troops launch Operation Deckhouse Five in the Mekong Delta, january 8 – Vietnam War, Operation Cedar Falls starts. January 10 – Segregationist Lester Maddox is sworn in as Governor of Georgia, january 12 – Dr. James Bedford becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved with the intent of future resuscitation. January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Étienne Eyadema, january 14 The New York Times reports that the U. S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments. The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, january 15 Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya, he names the species Kenyapithecus africanus. The United Kingdom enters the first round of negotiations for European Economic Community membership in Rome, American football, The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10 in the First AFL-NFL World Championship Game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. January 18 Albert DeSalvo is convicted of crimes and sentenced to life in prison. Jeremy Thorpe becomes leader of the UKs Liberal Party, a Fistful of Dollars, the first significant spaghetti Western film, is released in the United States. January 23 In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster and he is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. Milton Keynes is founded as a new town by Order in Council and its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of permanent settlement dating back to the Bronze Age, january 26 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom decides to nationalise 90% of the British steel industry. January 27 Apollo 1, U. S. astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White, the United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty. January 31 – West Germany and Romania establish diplomatic relations, February 2 – The American Basketball Association is formed. February 3 – Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, February 4 – The Soviet Union protests the demonstrations before its embassy in Beijing. February 5 NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3, italys first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto, is launched. General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua, February 6 – Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit
11.
2nd millennium
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The second millennium was a period of time that began on January 1,1001 and ended on December 31,2000 of the Gregorian calendar. It was the period of one thousand years in the Anno Domini or Common Era. The Renaissance saw the beginning of the migration of humans from Europe, Africa. The interwoven international trade led to the formation of multi-national corporations, international business ventures reduced the impact of nationalism in popular thought. The world population doubled over the first seven centuries of the millennium, consequently, unchecked human activity had considerable social and environmental consequences, giving rise to extreme poverty, climate change and biotic crisis. The 2nd millennium was a period of time began on January 1,1001. It was the period of one thousand years in the Anno Domini or Common Era. The Julian calendar was used in Europe at the beginning of the millennium, so the end date is always calculated according to the Gregorian calendar, but the beginning date is usually according to the Julian calendar. Stephen Jay Gould argued that it is not possible to decide if the millennium ended on December 31,1999, or December 31,2000. The second millennium is perhaps more popularly thought of as beginning and ending a year earlier, thus starting at the beginning of 1000 and finishing at the end of 1999. Many public celebrations for the end of the millennium were held on December 31,1999 – January 1, the civilizations in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. The events in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme, the people in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. See also Lists of people by nationality Category, People by century Category, People by nationality and period Gottlieb, Agnes Hooper, Henry Gottlieb, Barbar Bowers,1,000 Years,1,000 People, Ranking the Men and Women Who Shaped the Millennium
12.
19th century
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The 19th century was the century marked by the collapse of the Spanish, Napoleonic, Holy Roman and Mughal empires. After the defeat of the French Empire and its allies in the Napoleonic Wars, the Russian Empire expanded in central and far eastern Asia. By the end of the century, the British Empire controlled a fifth of the worlds land, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to continental Europe, North America and Japan. The Victorian era was notorious for the employment of children in factories and mines, as well as strict social norms regarding modesty. Japan embarked on a program of rapid modernization following the Meiji Restoration, before defeating China, under the Qing Dynasty, europes population doubled during the 19th century, from approximately 200 million to more than 400 million. Numerous cities worldwide surpassed populations of a million or more during this century, London became the worlds largest city and capital of the British Empire. Its population increased from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later, liberalism became the pre-eminent reform movement in Europe. Slavery was greatly reduced around the world, following a successful slave revolt in Haiti, Britain and France stepped up the battle against the Barbary pirates and succeeded in stopping their enslavement of Europeans. The UKs Slavery Abolition Act charged the British Royal Navy with ending the slave trade. The first colonial empire in the century to abolish slavery was the British, americas 13th Amendment following their Civil War abolished slavery there in 1865, and in Brazil slavery was abolished in 1888. Similarly, serfdom was abolished in Russia, in the 19th century approximately 70 million people left Europe, with most migrating to the United States of America. The 19th century also saw the creation, development and codification of many sports, particularly in Britain. Also, ladywear was a sensitive topic during this time. 1801, Ranjit Singh crowned as King of Punjab,1801, Napoleon signs the Concordat of 1801 with the Pope. 1801, Cairo falls to the British,1801, Assassination of Tsar Paul I of Russia. 1802, Ludwig van Beethoven performs his Moonlight Sonata for the first time,1803, William Symington demonstrates his Charlotte Dundas, the first practical steamboat. 1803, The United States more than doubles in size when it buys out Frances territorial claims in North America via the Louisiana Purchase. This begins the U. S. s westward expansion to the Pacific referred to as its Manifest Destiny which involves annexing and conquering land from Mexico, Britain,1803, The Wahhabis of the First Saudi State capture Mecca and Medina
13.
20th century
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The 20th century was a century that began on January 1,1901 and ended on December 31,2000. It was the tenth and final century of the 2nd millennium and it is distinct from the century known as the 1900s, which began on January 1,1900 and ended on December 31,1999. It saw great advances in communication and medical technology that by the late 1980s allowed for near-instantaneous worldwide computer communication, the term short twentieth century was coined to represent the events from 1914 to 1991. It took all of history up to 1804 for the worlds population to reach 1 billion, world population reached 2 billion estimates in 1927, by late 1999. Globally approximately 45% of those who were married and able to have children used contraception, 40% of pregnancies were unplanned, the century had the first global-scale total wars between world powers across continents and oceans in World War I and World War II. The century saw a shift in the way that many people lived, with changes in politics, ideology, economics, society, culture, science, technology. The 20th century may have seen more technological and scientific progress than all the other centuries combined since the dawn of civilization, terms like ideology, world war, genocide, and nuclear war entered common usage. It was a century that started with horses, simple automobiles, and freighters but ended with high-speed rail, cruise ships, global commercial air travel and the space shuttle. Horses, Western societys basic form of transportation for thousands of years, were replaced by automobiles and buses within a few decades. Humans explored space for the first time, taking their first footsteps on the Moon, mass media, telecommunications, and information technology made the worlds knowledge more widely available. Advancements in medical technology also improved the health of many people, rapid technological advancements, however, also allowed warfare to reach unprecedented levels of destruction. World War II alone killed over 60 million people, while nuclear weapons gave humankind the means to annihilate itself in a short time, however, these same wars resulted in the destruction of the Imperial system. For the first time in history, empires and their wars of expansion and colonization ceased to be a factor in international affairs, resulting in a far more globalized. The last time major powers clashed openly was in 1945, and since then, technological advancements during World War I changed the way war was fought, as new inventions such as tanks, chemical weapons, and aircraft modified tactics and strategy. After more than four years of warfare in western Europe, and 20 million dead. The regime of Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown during the conflict, Russia became the first communist state, at the beginning of the period, Britain was the worlds most powerful nation, having acted as the worlds policeman for the past century. Meanwhile, Japan had rapidly transformed itself into an advanced industrial power. Its military expansion into eastern Asia and the Pacific Ocean culminated in an attack on the United States
14.
21st century
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The 21st century is the current century of the Anno Domini era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1,2001 and will end on December 31,2100 and it is the first century of the 3rd millennium. It is distinct from the time known as the 2000s. The long term effects of increased globalization are not known, the Arab Spring of the early 2010s led to mixed outcomes in the Arab world. The Digital Revolution which began around the 1980s also continues into the present, millennials and Generation Z come of age and rise to prominence in this century. The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 marks the rise of life sciences, making mankinds long-held dreams, such as curing cancer. By the 2010s, gene therapy, first performed somatically in late 1990 and heritably in 1996, showed promise but remains an experimental, by 2013, about 80% of the worlds population used mobile phones. An estimated 33% owned personal computers in 2010, and 46% used the Internet by 2016, the International Energy Agency estimates that 83% of the global population has access to electricity as of 2013 with the percentage projected to increase to 88% by 2030. The world population was about 6.1 billion at the start of the 21st century and it had reached 7.3 billion in 2015, and is estimated to reach about 9.37 billion by the year 2050. There is a debate among experts and the public on how to pronounce specific years of the 21st century in English. A less common variation would have been twenty nought-five, the Vancouver Olympics, which took place in 2010, was being officially referred to by Vancouver 2010 as the twenty-ten Olympics. The latest timeframes for change are usually placed at 2020, kubrick said he did this in the hope that if the film became popular, it would influence the pronunciation of that year. See the timeline of the 21st century, genocide still remains a problem in this century with the concern of the war in Darfur and the growing concern in Sri Lanka. Also controversies from past genocides remain commonplace in the minds of victims, 1998–2002 – The Second Congo War continued into the early 21st century. A1999 ceasefire quickly broke down and a UN peacekeeping mission, Laurent Kabila, president of the DRC, was assassinated in January 2001 and his son, Joseph Kabila, took power. Throughout 2002 steps were made towards peace and Rwanda and Uganda both removed their troops from the country, on December 17,2002, a massive treaty officially ended the war. However, the DRC only holds power in less than half of the country, with most of the eastern and northern portions still controlled by rebel groups, in addition, Rwanda still supports anti-DRC rebels and anti-Rwandan rebels continue to operate from the DRC. The war killed an estimated 3.9 million people, displaced nearly 5.5 million, Severe human rights violations continue to be reported
15.
1940s
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The 1940s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1940, and ended on December 31,1949. Most of World War II took place in the first half of the decade, which had an effect on most countries and people in Europe, Asia. The decade also witnessed the beginnings of new technologies, often first developed in tandem with the war effort. World War II Nazi Germany invades Poland, Denmark, Norway, Benelux, Soviet Union invades Poland, Finland, occupies Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania and Romanian region of Bessarabia from 1939 to 1941. Germany faces the United Kingdom in the Battle of Britain and it was the first major campaign to be fought entirely by air forces, and was the largest and most sustained aerial bombing campaign up until that date. The United States enter World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7,1941 and it would face the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War. Germany and Japan suffer defeats at Stalingrad, El Alamein, the forces of the Western Allies land on the beaches of Normandy in Northern France. Yalta Conference, wartime meeting from 4 February 1945 to 11 February 1945 among the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, by this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims is between 11 million and 17 million people. The German Instrument of Surrender signed, atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Surrender of Japan on August 15. World War II officially ends on September 2,1945, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 Arab–Israeli conflict 1948 Arab–Israeli War – The war was fought between the newly declared State of Israel and its Arab neighbours. The war commenced upon the termination of the British Mandate of Palestine in mid-May 1948, in its conclusion, Israel managed to defeat the Arab armies. Establishment of the United Nations Charter effective, establishment of the defence alliance NATO April 4,1949. 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, Victory of Chinese Communist Party led by Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War. Beginning of Greek Civil War, which extends from 1946 to 1949,1944 – Iceland declares independence from Denmark. 1945 – Indonesia declares independence from the Netherlands,1946 – The French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon dissolves to the independent states of Syria and Lebanon. The French settlers are forced to evacuate the French colony in Syria,1947 – The Partition of the Presidencies and provinces of British India into a secular Union of India and a predominantly Muslim Dominion of Pakistan. 1948 – British rule in Burma ends, the State of Israel is established. 1949 – The Peoples Republic of China is officially proclaimed, the Atanasoff-Berry computer is now considered one of the first electronic digital computing device built by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at Iowa State University during 1937–1942
16.
1950s
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The 1950s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1950, and ended on December 31,1959. Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, the conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1. Along with increased testing of weapons, this created a politically conservative climate. In the United States, the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the sentiment in the United States throughout the decade. The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade, when it began, North and South Korea existed as provisional governments competing for control over the Korean peninsula, due to the division of Korea by outside powers. On September 15, General Douglas MacArthur conducted Operation Chromite, a landing at the city of Inchon. The North Korean army collapsed, and within a few days and he then pushed north, capturing Pyongyang in October. Chinese intervention the following month drove UN forces south again, MacArthur then planned for a full-scale invasion of China, but this was against the wishes of President Truman and others who wanted a limited war. He was dismissed and replaced by General Matthew Ridgeway, the war then became a bloody stalemate for the next two and a half years while peace negotiations dragged on. The war left 33,742 American soldiers dead,92,134 wounded, estimates place Korean and Chinese casualties at 1,000, 000–1,400,000 dead or wounded, and 140,000 MIA or POW. The Vietnam War began in 1959, diệm instituted a policy of death penalty against any communist activity in 1956. The Viet Minh began a campaign in early 1957. An article by French scholar Bernard Fall published in July 1958 concluded that a new war had begun, the first official large unit military action was on September 26,1959, when the Viet Cong ambushed two ARVN companies. Arab–Israeli conflict Suez Crisis – The Suez Crisis was a war fought on Egyptian territory in 1956, following the nationalisation of the Suez Canal in 1956 by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the United Kingdom, France and Israel subsequently invaded. The operation was a success, but after the United States and Soviet Union united in opposition to the invasion. The war eventually led to the independence of Algeria from France, cuban Revolution – The 1959 overthrow of Fulgencio Batista by Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and other forces resulted in the creation of the first communist government in the Western hemisphere. The Mau Mau began retaliating against the British in Kenya and this led to concentration camps in Kenya, a British military victory, and the election of moderate nationalist Jomo Kenyatta as leader of Kenya. The wind of destruction began in Rwanda in 1959 following the assault of Hutu politician Dominique Mbonyumutwa by Tutsi forces and this was the beginning of decades of ethnic violence in the country, which culminated in the 1994 Rwandan Genocide
17.
1960s
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The 1960s was a decade that began on January 1,1960, and ended on December 31,1969. The term 1960s also refers to an era more often called the Sixties and this cultural decade is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 with the Kennedy assassination and ending around 1972 with the Watergate scandal. The decade was also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time and he charts the rise, success, fall/nightmare and explosion in the London scene of the 1960s. Several Western nations such as the United States, United Kingdom, France, by the end of the 1950s, war-ravaged Europe had largely finished reconstruction and began a tremendous economic boom. World War II had brought about a huge leveling of social classes in which the remnants of the old feudal gentry disappeared, the United States, after sluggish economic growth during the 1950s, also experienced a major 60s boom. Real GDP growth averaged 6% a year during the half of the decade. Thus, the worldwide economic trend in the 1960s was one of prosperity, expansion of the middle class. Kennedys assassination in 1963 was a shock, Liberal reforms were finally passed under Lyndon B. Johnson including civil rights for African Americans and healthcare for the elderly and the poor. Despite his large-scale Great Society programs, Johnson was increasingly reviled by the New Left at home, the heavy-handed American role in the Vietnam War outraged student protestors around the globe. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr, in Britain, the Labour Party gained power in 1964. In France, the protests of 1968 led to President Charles de Gaulle temporarily fleeing the country, for some, May 1968 meant the end of traditional collective action and the beginning of a new era to be dominated mainly by the so-called new social movements. Italy formed its first left-of-center government in March 1962 with a coalition of Christian Democrats, Social Democrats, socialists joined the ruling block in December 1963. In Brazil, João Goulart became president after Jânio Quadros resigned, in Africa the 1960s was a period of radical political change as 32 countries gained independence from their European colonial rulers. The Cold War, The Vietnam War 1961 – Substantial American advisory forces first arrive in Vietnam,1962 – By mid-1962, the number of U. S. military advisers in South Vietnam had risen from 900 to 12,000. The resolution gave U. S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a declaration of war by Congress. The Johnson administration subsequently cited the resolution as legal authority for its rapid escalation of U. S. military involvement in the Vietnam War. 1966 – After 1966 with the draft in more than 500,000 troops were sent to Vietnam by the Johnson administration. Portuguese Colonial War – the war was fought between Portugals military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugals African colonies and it was a decisive ideological struggle and armed conflict of the cold war in African and European scenarios
18.
1970s
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The 1970s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1970, and ended on December 31,1979. In the 21st century, historians have portrayed the 1970s as a pivot of change in world history focusing especially on the economic upheavals. In the Western world, social values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 elections resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, industrialized countries, except Japan, experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. Novelist Tom Wolfe coined the term Me decade in his essay The Me Decade, the term describes a general new attitude of Americans towards atomized individualism and away from communitarianism, in clear contrast with the 1960s. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a boom in this period. The United States withdrew its forces from their previous involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to a war for ten years. Anwar El Sadat, President of Egypt, was instrumental in the event and consequently became extremely unpopular in the Arab world, Africa saw further decolonization in the decade, with Angola and Mozambique gaining their independence in 1975 from the Portuguese Empire after the restoration of democracy in Portugal. The continent was, however, plagued by military coups, with the long-reigning Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie being removed, civil wars. The economies of much of the world continued to make steady progress in the early 1970s because of the Green Revolution. The following year, Vietnam was officially declared reunited, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Although taking place almost entirely throughout the 1980s, the war officially started on December 27,1979. The Israelis were taken by surprise and suffered losses before they rallied. In the end, they managed to repel the Egyptians and crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt proper, in 1978, Egypt signed a peace treaty with Israel at Camp David in the United States, ending outstanding disputes between the two countries. Sadats actions would lead to his assassination in 1981, Indian emergency Lebanese Civil War - A civil war in the Middle East which at times also involved the PLO and Israel during the early 1980s. Western Sahara War - A regional war pinning the rebel Polisario Front against Morocco, Ugandan–Tanzanian War - the war which was fought between Uganda and Tanzania was based on an expansionist agenda to annex territory from Tanzania. The war resulted in the overthrow of Idi Amins regime, the Ogaden War was another African conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia over control of the Ogaden region. In 1976 peaceful student protests in the Soweto township of South Africa lead to the Soweto Uprising when more than 700 black school children were killed by South Africas Security Police, Rise of separatism in the province of Quebec in Canada
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1980s
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The 1980s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1980, and ended on December 31,1989. The decade saw great socioeconomic change due to advances in technology, Japan and West Germany saw large economic growth during this decade. The AIDS epidemic became recognized in the 1980s and has killed an estimated 39 million people. Global warming became well known to the scientific and political community in the 1980s, the final decade of the Cold War opened with the US-Soviet confrontation continuing largely without any interruption. Superpower tensions escalated rapidly as President Reagan scrapped the policy of détente and adopted a new, islamism became a powerful political force in the 1980s and many terrorist organizations, including Al Qaeda started. The Cold War ended in the early 1990s with the successful Reunification of Germany, the 1980s saw great advances in genetic and digital technology. The 1980s saw the advent of the practice of sex-selective abortion in China. By 1989 the Internet and the networks linked to it were a system with extensive transoceanic satellite links. Based on earlier work from 1980 onwards Tim Berners Lee formalized the concept of the World Wide Web by 1989, television viewing became commonplace in the Third World, with the number of TV sets in China and India increasing by 15 and 10 times respectively. The Rome and Vienna airport attacks took place on December 27,1985, the attack was done by militants loyal to Abu Nidal, backed by the government of Libya. The 1983 Beirut barracks bombing – during the Lebanese Civil War two truck bombs struck separate buildings housing United States and French military forces killing 299 American, the organization Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the bombing. The 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India, committed by Hindu militants against Sikhs in response to the assassination of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by a Sikh militant, thousands of people are killed and tens of thousands of Sikhs became displaced persons. Air India Flight 182 was destroyed on June 23,1985 and it was the biggest mass murder involving Canadians in Canadas history. On December 21,1988, Pan Am Flight 103 was blown up over the village of Lockerbie, Scotland, the bombing killed all 243 passengers,16 crew members and 11 people on the ground, totaling 270 fatalities who were citizens of 21 nationalities. The bombing was and remains the worst terrorist attack on UK soil, invasion of Grenada – a 1983 U. S. -led invasion of Grenada, triggered by a military coup which ousted a brief revolutionary government. Salvadoran Civil War – part of the war conflicts, reached its peak in the 1980s,70,000 Salvadorans died. Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, sparking the Falklands War and it occurred from 2 April to 14 July 1982 between the United Kingdom and Argentina as British forces fought to recover the islands. Britain emerged victorious and its stance in international affairs and its long decaying reputation as a colonial power received an unexpected boost
20.
1964
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January – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he seek the Republican nomination for President. In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the 15th century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople meet in Jerusalem. January 7 – A British firm, the Leyland Motor Corp. announces the sale of 450 buses to the Cuban government, January 8 – In his first State of the Union Address, U. S. President Lyndon Johnson declares a War on Poverty. S. The Beatles is released by Chicagos Vee-Jay Records to get the jump on Capitol Records release of Meet the Beatles, the two record companies fight over Vee-Jays release of this album in court. January 11 – United States Surgeon General Luther Terry reports that smoking may be hazardous to ones health, January 12 Zanzibar Revolution, The predominantly Arab government of Zanzibar is overthrown by African nationalist rebels, a United States Navy destroyer evacuates 61 U. S. citizens. Routine U. S. naval patrols of the South China Sea begin, January 13 – In Manchester, New Hampshire, 14-year-old Pamela Mason is murdered. Edward Coolidge is tried and convicted of the crime, but the conviction is set aside by the landmark Fourth Amendment case Coolidge vs, opens in New Yorks St. James Theatre. John Glenn, the first American to orbit the Earth, resigns from NASA, January 17 John Glenn announces that he will seek the Democratic nomination for U. S. Roald Dahls Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is published by Alfred A. Knopf and it will later be published by George Allen & Unwin in the United Kingdom on November 23. January 18 – Plans to build the New York City World Trade Center are announced, January 20 – Meet the Beatles. The first Beatles album from Capitol Records in the United States, is released ten days after Chicagos Vee-Jay Records releases Introducing, the two record companies battle it out in court for months, eventually coming to a conclusion. January 22 – Kenneth Kaunda is inaugurated as the first Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia, January 23 Pope Paul VI institutes the World Day of Prayer for Vocations. During this celebration the Pope reminds the universal Church that still today salvation comes to everyone and it continues to be celebrated every Fourth Sunday of Easter also known as Good Shepherd Sunday. Arthur Millers After the Fall opens Off-Broadway, a semi-autobiographical work, it arouses controversy over his portrayal of late ex-wife Marilyn Monroe. January 27 France and the Peoples Republic of China announce their decision to establish diplomatic relations, Senator Margaret Chase Smith,66, announces her candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination. January 28 – A U. S. Air Force jet training plane that strays into East Germany is shot down by Soviet fighters near Erfurt, January 29–February 9 – The 1964 Winter Olympics are held in Innsbruck, Austria. January 29 The Soviet Union launches 2 scientific satellites, Elektron I and II, Ranger 6 is launched by NASA, on a mission to carry television cameras and crash-land on the Moon
21.
1965
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January 1 – Canadian ship SS Catala is driven onto the beach in Ocean Shores, Washington, stranding her. January 4 – U. S. President Lyndon B. Johnson proclaims his Great Society during his State of the Union address, january 9 – The Mirzapur Cadet College formally opens for academic activities in East Pakistan. January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years, january 19 – The unmanned Gemini 2 is launched on a suborbital test of various spacecraft systems. January 20 Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in for a term as President of the United States. Indonesian President Sukarno announces the withdrawal of the Indonesian government from the United Nations, january 26 – Anti-Hindi agitations break out in India, because of which Hindi does not get National Language status and remains one of the 23 official languages of India. January 30 – The state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill takes place in London with the largest assembly of statesmen in the world until the 2005 funeral of Pope John Paul II. February 6 – English footballer Sir Stanley Matthews plays his final First Division game, february 12 – The African and Malagasy Common Organization is formed as successor to the Afro-Malagasy Union for Economic Cooperation, formerly the African and Malagasy Union. February 15 – A new red and white maple leaf design is inaugurated as the flag of Canada, replacing the Union Flag, february 17 – Joan Rivers makes her Tonight Show debut. February 18 – The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom, february 20 Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon, after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts. Suat Hayri Ürgüplü forms the new government of Turkey, february 21 – African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X is assassinated in New York City. February 22 – A new, revised, color production of Rodgers, Lesley Ann Warren makes her TV debut in the title role. The show becomes an annual tradition, the film of The Sound of Music premieres at the Rivoli Theater in New York City. March 7 – Bloody Sunday, Some 200 Alabama State Troopers attack 525 civil rights demonstrators in Selma, Alabama, March 8 – Vietnam War, Some 3,500 United States Marines arrive in Da Nang, South Vietnam, becoming the first American ground combat troops in Vietnam. White supremacists beat up white Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb later that day in Selma, goldie, a London Zoo golden eagle, is recaptured 12 days after her escape. March 15 – President Lyndon B. Johnson makes his We Shall Overcome speech, March 16 – Police clash with 600 SNCC marchers in Montgomery, Alabama. March 17 In Montgomery, Alabama,1,600 civil rights marchers demonstrate at the Courthouse. In response to the events of March 7 and 9 in Selma, Alabama and it is passed by the Senate May 26, the House July 10, and signed into law by President Johnson August 6. March 18 Cosmonaut Alexey Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space, a United States federal judge rules that SCLC has the lawful right to march to Montgomery, Alabama, to petition for redress of grievances
22.
1966
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January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. January 2 – A strike of public workers in New York City begins. January 3 – The first Acid Test is conducted at the Fillmore, January 4 A military coup occurs in Upper Volta. The prime ministers of India and Pakistan meet in Moscow, a gas leak fire at the Feyzin oil refinery near Lyon, France, kills 18 and injures 84. January 10 Pakistani–Indian peace negotiations end successfully in Tashkent, Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri dies the next day. The French paper LExpress publishes a story by Georges Figon, who took part in the kidnapping of Mehdi Ben Barka, Georgia House of Representatives refuses to seat Julian Bond. Home of civil rights activist Vernon Dahmer in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, is firebombed, dahmers family escapes but he dies the next day from severe burns. Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference convenes in Lagos, Nigeria, January 11 A conference on Rhodesia begins in Lagos, Nigeria. The first SR-71 Blackbird spy plane goes into service at Beale AFB, January 12 – United States President Lyndon Johnson states that the United States should stay in South Vietnam until Communist aggression there is ended. January 13 – Robert C. Weaver becomes the first African-American Cabinet member, by being appointed United States Secretary of Housing, January 15 – A bloody military coup is staged in Nigeria, deposing the civilian government. January 16 – Chicago Bulls, a member of National Basketball Associations club, January 17 The Nigerian coup is overturned by another faction of the military, leaving a military government in power. This is the beginning of a period of military rule. A B-52 bomber collides with a KC-135 Stratotanker over Spain, dropping three 70-kiloton hydrogen bombs near the town of Palomares, and one into the sea, in the 1966 Palomares B-52 crash. Carl Brashear, the first African-American United States Navy diver, is involved in an accident during the recovery of a lost H-bomb which results in the amputation of his leg. January 18 French police announce that Georges Figon has committed suicide, about 8,000 U. S. soldiers land in South Vietnam, U. S. troops now total 190,000. January 19 – Indira Gandhi is elected Prime Minister of India, January 20 – Demonstrations occur against high food prices in Hungary. January 21 – Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro resigns due to a struggle in his party. January 22 The military government of Nigeria announces that ex-prime minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was killed during the coup, the Chadian Muslim insurgent group FROLINAT is founded in Sudan, starting the Chadian Civil War
23.
1968
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This was the year of the Protests of 1968. January 5 – Prague Spring, Alexander Dubček is chosen as the leader of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia, January 8 – British Prime Minister Harold Wilson endorses the Im Backing Britain campaign for working an additional half-hour each day without pay. January 14 – The Green Bay Packers defeat the Oakland Raiders by the score of 33-14 in Super Bowl II at the Miami Orange Bowl, January 15 – An earthquake in Sicily kills 380 and injures around 1,000. January 17 – Lyndon B. Johnson calls for the non-conversion of the U. S. dollar, January 21 Vietnam War – Battle of Khe Sanh, One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins, ending on April 8. A U. S. B-52 Stratofortress crashes in Greenland, discharging 4 nuclear bombs, January 22 – Rowan & Martins Laugh-In debuts on NBC. January 23 – North Korea seizes the USS Pueblo, claiming the ship violated its territorial waters while spying, January 25 – The Israeli submarine INS Dakar sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 69. January 28 – The French submarine Minerve sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, January 30 – Vietnam War, The Tet Offensive begins, as Viet Cong forces launch a series of surprise attacks across South Vietnam. January 31 Việt Cộng soldiers attack the US Embassy, Saigon, nauru president Hammer DeRoburt declares independence from Australia. February 1 Vietnam War, A Viet Cong officer named Nguyễn Văn Lém is executed by Nguyễn Ngọc Loan, the event is photographed by Eddie Adams. The photo makes headlines around the world, eventually winning the 1969 Pulitzer Prize, the Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central Railroad merge to form Penn Central, the largest ever corporate merger up to this date. February 6–February 18 – The 1968 Winter Olympics are held in Grenoble, february 11 Border clashes take place between Israel and Jordan. Madison Square Garden in New York City opens at its current location, february 12 – Vietnam War, Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre. February 13 – Civil rights disturbances occur at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, february 17 – Administrative reforms in Romania divide the country into 39 counties. February 19 The Florida Education Association initiates a mass resignation of teachers to protest state funding of education and this is, in effect, the first statewide teachers strike in the United States. NET televises the very first episode of Mister Rogers Neighborhood, february 24 – Vietnam War, The Tet Offensive is halted, South Vietnam recaptures Huế. February 25 – Vietnam War, Hà My massacre, february 27 – Ex-Teenagers singer Frankie Lymon is found dead from a heroin overdose in Harlem. March 7 – Vietnam War, The First Battle of Saigon ends, march 8 – The first student protests spark the 1968 Polish political crisis. Vietnam War, Battle of Lima Site 85, the largest single combat loss of United States Air Force members during the then-secret war later known as the Laotian Civil War
24.
1969
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The year is associated with the first manned landing on the Moon. January 2 Australian media baron Rupert Murdoch purchases the largest-selling British Sunday newspaper, Peoples Democracy begins a march from Belfast to Derry City, Northern Ireland to gain publicity and to promote its cause. Ohio State defeats USC in the Rose Bowl to win the title for the 1968 season. January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco, january 5 – The Soviet Union launches Venera 5 toward Venus. January 6 – The final passenger train traverses the Waverley Line, january 10 – The Soviet Union launches Venera 6 toward Venus. January 12 Led Zeppelin, the first Led Zeppelin album, is released in the United States, martial law is declared in Madrid, as the University is closed and over 300 students are arrested. American football, The New York Jets upset the Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl III, joe Namath is the MVP of the game. January 14 An explosion aboard the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise near Hawaii kills 27, the Soviet Union launches Soyuz 4. January 15 – The Soviet Union launches Soyuz 5, which docks with Soyuz 4 for a transfer of crew, january 16 – Student Jan Palach sets himself on fire in Pragues Wenceslas Square to protest the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia,3 days later he dies. January 18 – In Washington, D. C. the Smithsonian Institution displays the art of Winslow Homer for 6 weeks, january 20 – Richard Nixon is sworn in as President of the United States. January 22 – An assassination attempt is carried out on Leonid Brezhnev by deserter Viktor Ilyin, One person is killed, several are injured. The sessions yield the popular and critically acclaimed singles Suspicious Minds, In the Ghetto, january 27 Fourteen men,9 of them Jews, are executed in Baghdad for spying for Israel. Reverend Ian Paisley, Northern Irish Unionist leader and founder of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster is jailed for three months for illegal assembly. The modern-day powerhouse of the Hetch Hetchy Project at Moccasin, California, on February 7, the original is removed from service. The incident inspires Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson to organize the first Earth Day in 1970, january 30 – The Beatles give their last public performance, of several tracks on the roof of Apple Records, London. February 2 Two cosmonauts transfer from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4 via a spacewalk while the two craft are docked together, the first time such a transfer takes place, Soyuz 4 will reenter Earths atmosphere and land February 17 while Soyuz 5 will have a hard landing February 18. Ten paintings are defaced in New Yorks Metropolitan Museum of Art, February 4 – In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is elected Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress. February 8 The Allende meteorite explodes over Mexico, the last issue of The Saturday Evening Post in its original form hits magazine stands in the United States after 147 years
25.
1970
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January 1 Unix time begins at 00,00,00 UTC. First Quarter Storm begin in the Philippines, January 5 – The 7.1 Mw Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X. Between 10, 000–14,621 were killed and 26,783 were injured, January 5 – The first episode of United States soap opera All My Children is broadcast on the ABC television network. January 12 – Biafra capitulates, ending the Nigerian Civil War, January 14 – Diana Ross and The Supremes perform their farewell live concert together at the Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas. Rosss replacement, Jean Terrell, is introduced onstage at the end of the last show, January 15 – After a 32-month fight for independence from Nigeria, Biafran forces under Philip Effiong formally surrender to General Yakubu Gowon. January 20 – The Greater London Council announces its plans for the Thames Barrier at Woolwich to prevent flooding, January 21 Five lifeboatmen are killed when a Fraserburgh, Scotland vessel, The Duchess of Kent, capsizes. Pan American Airways offers the first commercially scheduled Boeing 747 service from John F. Kennedy International Airport to London Heathrow Airport. January 23 – Joseph Fielding Smith becomes the 10th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints January 26 – Mick Jagger is fined £200 for possession of cannabis, february 1 – The Benavidez rail disaster near Buenos Aires, Argentina kills 236. February 10 – An avalanche at Val-dIsère, France kills 41 tourists, february 11 – Ōsumi, Japans first satellite, is launched on a Lambda-4 rocket. February 13 – Black Sabbaths eponymous debut album is released, often regarded as the first true heavy metal album, february 14 – The iconic live album The Who, Live at Leeds is recorded. February 17 MacDonald family massacre, Jeffrey R. MacDonald kills his wife and children at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, author David Irving is ordered to pay £40,000 libel damages to Capt. John Broome over his book The Destruction of Convoy PQ17, february 18 – A jury finds the Chicago Seven defendants not guilty of conspiring to incite a riot, in charges stemming from the violence at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. Five of the defendants are found guilty on the charge of crossing state lines to incite a riot. February 19 – Poseidon bubble, shares in Australian nickel mining company Poseidon NL, february 21 – Construction begins on the Boğaziçi Bridge crossing the Bosphorus in Istanbul. February 22 – Guyana becomes a Republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, february 26 – Chevrolet releases the second generation Camaro. March 1 – Rhodesia severs its last tie with the United Kingdom, march 5 – The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty goes into effect, after ratification by 56 nations. March 6 A bomb being constructed by members of the Weathermen and meant to be planted at a dance in New Jersey, explodes. Süleyman Demirel of AP forms the new government of Turkey, march 7 Citroën introduces the SM at the Geneva Auto Salon
26.
1967 in architecture
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The year 1967 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. November 7 - St Pancras railway station in London is made a Grade I listed building, the first Conservation area is designated, in Stamford, Lincolnshire. Slovak Radio Building in Bratislava is begun, it not be completed until 1983. February 7 - Mortonhall Crematorium, Edinburgh, Scotland, designed by Spence, march - Queen Elizabeth Hall, London, England, built by Higgs and Hill. April - Habitat 67 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada designed by Moshe Safdie as part of Expo 67, may 14 - Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, England, designed by Frederick Gibberd, is consecrated. September 3 - Essingebron, Stockholm, Sweden, the Fashion Island shopping mall in Newport Beach, California, designed by William Pereira and Welton Becket. December - Tour du Midi, Brussels, Belgium, avord Tower, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada El Menzah Sports Palace, Tunis, Tunisia. Ostankino Tower, Moscow, Russia, it remain the tallest freestanding structure in the world until the completion of the CN Tower. Saint Josephs Oratory in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the Kaknästornet TV Tower in Stockholm, Sweden. Berkeley Library, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, designed by Ahrends, Burton, the Marine Midland Bank Building in Manhattan, New York, United States. The South Coast Plaza shopping mall in Costa Mesa, California, reliance Controls factory, Swindon, the last design by Team 4, considered the first example of High-tech architecture in the United Kingdom, is opened. The first part of the Toronto-Dominion Bank Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, designed by Mies van der Rohe, ypres Cloth Hall, reconstructed to its pre-World War I condition under the guidance of architects J. Coomans and P. A. Farquhar, California-based architect December 18 - Barry Byrne, American architect of the Prairie School
27.
1967 in Bangladesh
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President, Ayub Khan 8 July, Pakistan mourns the death of the Mother of the Nation Miss Fatima Jinnah who died at the age of 74. There is a theory that she was murdered by Ayub Khans spies. 14 August, Pakistan celebrates its 20th year of independence,4 October – Aamer Hanif, cricketer. 1966 in Pakistan Other events of 19671968 in Pakistan Timeline of Pakistani history
28.
1967 in Canada
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1967 is remembered as one of the most notable years in Canada. It was the centenary of Canadian Confederation and celebrations were held throughout the nation, the most prominent event was Expo 67 in Montreal, the most successful Worlds Fair ever held up to that time, and one of the first events to win international acclaim for the country. The years top news-story was French President Charles de Gaulles Vive le Québec libre speech in Montreal, the year also saw major changes in youth culture with the hippies in Torontos Yorkville area becoming front-page news over their lifestyle choices and battles with Toronto City Council. A new honours system was announced, the Order of Canada, in sports, the Toronto Maple Leafs won their 13th and last Stanley Cup. The new Canadian flag served as a symbol and a catalyst for this, in Quebec, the Quiet Revolution was overthrowing the oligarchy of francophone clergy and anglophone businessmen, and French Canadian pride and nationalism were becoming a national political force. The Canadian economy was at its peak, and levels of prosperity and quality of life were at all-time highs. Many of the most important elements of Canadas welfare state were coming on line, such as Medicare and these events were coupled with the coming of age of the baby boom and the regeneration of music, literature, and art that the 1960s brought around the world. The baby boomers, who have since dominated Canadas culture, tend to view the period as Canadas halcyon days, author and historian Pierre Berton famously referred to 1967 as Canadas last good year. In his analysis, the years following saw much of 1967s hopefulness disappear, in the early 1970s, the oil shock and other factors hammered the Canadian economy. Quebec separatism led to debates and an economic decline of Montreal. The Vietnam War and Watergate Scandal in the United States also had effects on Canadians. Berton reported that Toronto hockey fans also note that the Maple Leafs have not won a Stanley Cup since, head of state – Queen Elizabeth II Governor general – Georges Vanier then Roland Michener Prime minister – Lester B. A. C. Campbell Premier of Quebec – Daniel Johnson, Sr, april 28, Expo 67 opens to the public at 9,30 a. m. July 30, The Caribbean community in Toronto stages the first Caribana and it later grows into the third largest carnival in the world, drawing over 1 million spectators and 250,000 visitors a year. Mary Walker-Sawka becomes the first woman to be nominated as a candidate for the leadership of a political party. May 2 – The Toronto Maple Leafs win the game of the Stanley Cup final over the Montreal Canadiens to win their last Stanley Cup to date. July 23 – The fifth Pan American Games commence in Winnipeg
29.
1967 in France
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Events from the year 1967 in France. President, Charles de Gaulle Prime Minister, Georges Pompidou 5 March - Legislative Election held,12 March - Legislative Election held. 19 March - A referendum in French Somaliland favors the connection to France,29 March - The first French nuclear submarine, Le Redoutable, is launched. 6 April - Georges Pompidou begins to form the next French government,24 July - During an official state visit to Canada, President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal, Vive le Québec libre. 29 July - Georges Bidault moves to Belgium where he receives political asylum,24 September - Cantonales Elections held. 1 October - Cantonales Elections held,27 October - Charles De Gaulle vetoes British entry into the European Economic Community again. 17 November - Author Régis Debray is sentenced to 30 years imprisonment in Bolivia,11 December - The Concorde aircraft is unveiled in Toulouse. 29 June - Tour de France begins,23 July - Tour de France ends, won by Roger Pingeon. 25 January - David Ginola, soccer player,24 February - Jean-Charles Gicquel, high jumper. 2 March - Thierry Lacroix, rugby union player,6 March - Hervé Piccirillo, soccer referee. 7 March - Jean-Pierre Barda, pop star and actor,17 March - Nathalie Marquay, beauty queen. 24 March - Philippe dEncausse, pole vaulter,24 March - Thierry Jarnet, jockey. 28 March - Christophe Brunet, judoka,29 March - Nathalie Cardone, actress and singer. 3 April - Mathieu Kassovitz, director, screenwriter, producer,10 April - Bernard Pascual, soccer player. 19 April - Philippe Saint-André, rugby union player,22 April - Valéry Grancher, Internet-based artist, performer, theorist, curator and lecturer. 24 April - Lionel Pérez, soccer player,1 May - Nicolas Jean-Prost, ski jumper. 11 May - Patricia Chauvet, alpine skier,22 May - Christophe Gagliano, judoka. 31 May - Sandrine Bonnaire, actress,1 June - Olivier Delaître, tennis player
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