The Men's 1978 World Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia from May 6 to 20. The second edition of this competition, held two years before the Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union was organised by the world governing body for amateur boxing AIBA.

The IBA Men's World Boxing Championships and the IBA Women's World Boxing Championships are biennial amateur boxing competitions organised by the International Boxing Association, which is the sport governing body. Alongside the Olympic boxing programme, they are the highest level of competition for the sport. The championships were first held for men in 1974 and the first women's championships were held over 25 years later in 2001.