1.
Baseball
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Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding. A run is scored when a player advances around the bases, Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates turns batting. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the team records three outs. One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the team, constitutes an inning. A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the number of runs at the end of the game wins. Baseball has no clock, although almost all games end in the ninth inning. Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century and this game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the sport of the United States. Baseball is now popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, in the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball teams are divided into the National League and American League, each with three divisions, East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series, the top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League. The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision, a French manuscript from 1344 contains an illustration of clerics playing a game, possibly la soule, with similarities to baseball. Other old French games such as thèque, la balle au bâton, consensus once held that todays baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular in Great Britain and Ireland. Baseball Before We Knew It, A Search for the Roots of the Game, by David Block, suggests that the game originated in England, recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of other. It has long believed that cricket also descended from such games. The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, David Block discovered that the first recorded game of Bass-Ball took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. William Bray, an English lawyer, recorded a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford and this early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants
2.
1978
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January 1 The Copyright Act of 1976 takes effect, making sweeping changes to United States copyright law. Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes into the ocean near Bombay, Edward M. Davis retires from the Los Angeles Police Department after 30 years on the force and more than 8 years as its police chief. January 4 – A referendum in Chile supports the policies of dictator Augusto Pinochet, January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP forms the new government of Turkey. January 6 – The Holy Crown of Hungary is returned to Hungary from the United States, January 10 – Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, a critic of the Nicaraguan government, is assassinated, riots erupt against Somozas government. January 14 – January 15 – The body of former U. S, vice President Hubert Humphrey lies in state in the Capitol Rotunda, following his death from cancer. Rock succeeds Edward M. Davis as LAPDs interim chief, January 18 – The European Court of Human Rights finds the British government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture. January 19 – Federal Appeals Court Judge William H. Webster is appointed FBI Director, January 22 – Ethiopia declares the ambassador of West Germany persona non grata. January 24 Soviet satellite Kosmos 954 burns up in Earths atmosphere, Rose Dugdale and Eddie Gallagher become the first convicted prisoners to marry in prison in the history of the Republic of Ireland. January 25 – January 27 – The Great Blizzard of 1978 strikes the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes, January 28 – Richard Chase, the Vampire of Sacramento, is arrested. February 1 – film director Roman Polanski skips bail and flees to France, February 5 – February 7 – The Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 hits the New England region and the New York metropolitan area, killing about 100 and causing over US$520 million in damage. February 6 – King Dragon operation in Arakan, Burmese General Ne Win targets Muslim minorities in the village of Sakkipara, February 8 – United States Senate proceedings are broadcast on radio for the first time. February 8 – Project SHAWN begins in Connecticut, February 9 – The Budd Company unveils its first SPV-2000 self-propelled railcar in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. February 11 Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314, a Boeing 737-200, crashes in Cranbrook, British Columbia, sixteen Unification Church couples wed in New York City. Somalia mobilizes its troops, due to an apparent Ethiopian attack, the Peoples Republic of China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens. February 13 – Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing, A bomb explodes outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing 2 garbagemen, February 15 Rhodesia, one of only two remaining white-ruled African nations, announces that it will accept multiracial democracy within 2 years. Serial killer Ted Bundy is captured in Pensacola, Florida, February 16 The Hillside Strangler, a serial killer prowling Los Angeles, claims a tenth and final victim. The first computer bulletin board system is created in Chicago, February 19 – Egyptian raid on Larnaca International Airport February 21 – Electrical workers in Mexico City find the remains of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in the middle of the city. February 25 – The first Legislative Assembly election is held in Arunachal Pradesh, March 1 – Charlie Chaplins remains are stolen from Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
3.
1972 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1972 throughout the world. 1972 was tainted by a strike over pension and salary arbitration. The strike erased the first week and a half of the season, as a result, an uneven number of games were cancelled for each team, some as few as six, some as many as nine. The lack of makeups of those games, even when they affected playoffs,1972 marked the first year for the Texas Rangers, who had moved to Arlington from Washington, D. C. after the 1971 season. There would be no baseball in D. C. until 2005, the team was one of the worst ever fielded by the franchise, losing 100 games for the first time since 1964. Manager Ted Williams hated living in the Dallas-Fort Worth area,1972 would mark the Kansas City Royals final year at Kansas City Municipal Stadium, as the next year they would move to Royals Stadium at the Truman Sports Complex in suburban Kansas City. January 19 – The Baseball Writers Association of America elects Sandy Koufax, Yogi Berra, Koufax makes it in his first try and, at age of 36, is the youngest honoree in history. January 20 – The Chicago Cubs trade Johnny Callison to the New York Yankees for Jack Aker, february 8 – Commissioner Bowie Kuhn announces that the Special Committee on the Negro Leagues has selected Josh Gibson and Buck Leonard for the Hall of Fame. March 16 – Reigning Cy Young and MVP award winner Vida Blue announces his retirement and it will be a short one as he will join the Oakland Athletics in May. April 1 –13 – The first players strike in baseball history wipes 6–8 games off the schedule of each MLB team and it is agreed that those games will be canceled. The strike results in the team owners adding salary arbitration to the collective bargaining agreement, april 2 – With the sudden death of Gil Hodges, Yogi Berra is named manager of the New York Mets. April 16 – At Wrigley Field, Burt Hooton of the Chicago Cubs no-hits the Philadelphia Phillies 4–0, april 21 – At Arlington Stadium, Frank Howard hits the first home run in Texas Rangers history, a solo shot against Clyde Wright of the California Angels. May 11 – The San Francisco Giants trade Willie Mays to the New York Mets for minor league pitcher Charlie Williams and he scores in the 1st inning on Rusty Staubs grand slam and his solo homer in the 5th inning snaps a 4–4 tie. The final score, Mets 5, Giants 4, may 28 – The Milwaukee Brewers fire manager Dave Bristol, replacing him with Del Crandall. Coach Roy McMillan takes over until Crandall arrives and guides the team to a 4–1 loss to the Boston Red Sox, june 18 – The U. S. Supreme Court rules 5–3 in favor of Major League Baseball in the lawsuit brought by Curt Flood. She resigns between games after being abused by some spectators and by some involved in the game. July 2 – San Franciscos Willie McCovey hits his 14th career grand slam home run to pace the Giants 9–3 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers. Pitcher Randy Moffitt wins his first major game and receives a congratulatory telegram from his sister Billie Jean King
4.
1973 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1973 throughout the world. January 3 – A group of investors, headed by shipbuilder George Steinbrenner, january 18 – Orlando Cepeda signs with the Boston Red Sox, making him the first player signed by a team as a designated hitter. January 24 – Left-handed pitcher Warren Spahn is elected to the Hall of Fame in his first try on the Baseball Writers Association of America ballot, receiving 316 of 380 votes. January 28 – The Hall of Fame Special Veterans Committee selects 19th-century pitcher Mickey Welch and Giants first baseman George Kelly, plus umpire Billy Evans, for enshrinement. February 1 – Commissioner Bowie Kuhn announces the selection of Monte Irvin for the Hall of Fame by the Special Committee on the Negro Leagues. February 27 – Chicago White Sox slugger Dick Allen signs a contract for an estimated $250,000 per year. March 5 – New York Yankees teammates Fritz Peterson and Mike Kekich arrive at Spring training, even the family dogs were traded. March 20 – In a special election held by the Baseball Writers Association of America, the Halls Board of Directors had earlier waived the five-year-wait rule for Clemente. March 29 – Orange baseballs, the brainchild of Oakland Athletics owner Charlie Finley, are used in the Athletics 11–5 exhibition loss to the Cleveland Indians. April 6, At Three Rivers Stadium,51,695 fans watch as the jersey #21 of the late Roberto Clemente is retired, the Pittsburgh Pirates then beat the St. Louis Cardinals 7–5, with a ninth-inning rally. At Fenway Park, Ron Blomberg of the New York Yankees becomes the first designated hitter in major league history and he is walked by Boston Red Sox pitcher Luis Tiant in his first plate appearance. At Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, Tony Oliva of the Minnesota Twins becomes the first designated hitter to homer, april 10 – The Kansas City Royals open their new park, Royals Stadium, with a 12–1 rout of the Texas Rangers. The game is attended by 39,464 fans braving 39-degree weather, april 17 – Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Dick Ruthven, signed from Fresno State, makes his major league debut without ever playing in the minor leagues. He starts against the Montreal Expos but doesnt finish, taking the loss in a 9–6 decision to Dick Selma, april 27 – In 50-degree weather, Kansas City Royals rookie Steve Busby no-hits the host Detroit Tigers 3–0. It is the first Royals no-hitter, and the first in Tiger Stadium since Virgil Trucks in 1952, with the designated hitter rule in effect, Busby becomes the first pitcher of a no-hitter to not come to bat. May 8 For the second time in his career, Willie Stargell of the Pittsburgh Pirates hits a home run out of Dodger Stadium and his blast off Andy Messersmith hits the right field pavilion roof 470 feet away. His first home run, a 506-foot shot, came off Alan Foster on August 5,1969, the Los Angeles Dodgers win, 7–4. In a 9–7 losing effort against the San Francisco Giants, St. Louis Cardinals ace Bob Gibson makes his 242nd consecutive start and it is a new 20th-century record, passing that of Red Ruffing who never pitched in relief the last ten years of his career
5.
1979 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1979 throughout the world. World Series, Pittsburgh Pirates over Baltimore Orioles, Willie Stargell, MVP American League Championship Series MVP, february 3 – The Minnesota Twins trade Rod Carew to the California Angels for Ken Landreaux, Dave Engle, Paul Hartzell and Brad Havens. March 7 – The Special Veterans Committee selects Warren Giles and Hack Wilson for the Hall of Fame, april 7 – In the earliest no-hitter in major league history, the Houston Astros Ken Forsch shuts down the Atlanta Braves 6–0. His brother, St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Bob Forsch, hurled a no-hitter the previous season against the Philadelphia Phillies — making them the first big league brothers to each toss a no-hitter. April 19 – New York Yankees closer Rich Gossage breaks his thumb in a clubhouse fight with teammate Cliff Johnson. Gossage would miss almost two months, while 1978 American League Cy Young Award winner Ron Guidry voluntarily replaced him in the bullpen for a short time. May 9 – With the score tied 4-4 in the inning, and Jimmy Sexton on first base with no outs. The Cardinals attempt to get the runner on the play, however, second base umpire Dave Pallone calls Sexton safe. Cardinals manager Ken Boyer, First baseman Keith Hernandez and catcher Ted Simmons are ejected from the game, players on the Cardinals bench begin throwing bats and helmets onto the field in protest. As a result, Pallone orders the entire Cardinals bench into the clubhouse, the Cardinals would get out of the inning without a run scoring, however would lose it in the sixteenth inning. Bill Buckner had a grand slam and seven RBIs for Chicago, the game included a then Major League record 11 home runs and 50 hits. May 25 – Starter Ross Baumgarten and reliever Randy Scarbery pitched the first combined one-hitter in Chicago White Sox history, defeating Nolan Ryan, may 28 – Texas Rangers first baseman Mike Jorgensen is hit in the head by a pitch from Boston Red Sox pitcher Andy Hassler. Dave Roberts comes into the game to run for Jorgensen. Aside from an appearance on May 31, Jorgensen does not play again until July 1. After suffering headaches, it is discovered he has a blood clot inside his head. June 8 – The Kansas City Royals use their fourth pick to draft Dan Marino. In the seventeenth round, they select Stanfords John Elway, neither player would sign with the Royals, though they would go on to record-breaking careers in the National Football League. June 12 – The Detroit Tigers hire Sparky Anderson as their new manager, June 18 – Bob Lemon is fired as manager of the defending World Series champ New York Yankees after a sluggish 34-31 start
6.
1980 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1980 throughout the world. Kaline is the 10th player to be elected in his first year of eligibility, january 24 – The New York Mets are sold to a group headed by Nelson Doubleday, Jr. and Fred Wilpon for an estimated $21.1 million. It was, at the time, the highest amount ever paid for an American professional sports franchise, february 12 – The Board of the Oakland Coliseum and the Oakland City Council both reject an attempt to buy out the remainder of the Oakland Athletics lease to the stadium. This blocks an attempt to sell the team and a move to Denver. March 8 – Rookie Joe Charboneau of the Cleveland Indians is attacked outside a Mexico City hotel, a fan seeking his autograph stabs him in the chest with a pen. Charboneau misses the start of the year, but goes on to bat.289, hitting 23 home runs and he will be elected American League Rookie of the Year. March 12 – Slugger Chuck Klein and former Boston Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey are elected to the Hall of Fame by the Special Veterans Committee, Yawkey is the first club owner selected who never served as a player, manager or general manager. Lezcano also hit a grand slam two years prior on Opening Day, Ryan, however, only lasts six innings and the Dodgers win the game 6-5 in 17 innings at the Astrodome. McCovey becomes the player, after Ted Williams, to hit a home run in four different decades. May 23 – Texas Rangers pitcher Ferguson Jenkins wins his 250th game against the Oakland Athletics, Jenkins pitched a complete game for the Rangers, striking out eight batters in the victory. May 29 – At San Diego Stadium, Johnny Bench of the Cincinnati Reds breaks Yogi Berras all-time record for home runs by a catcher. June 20 – California Angels shortstop Freddie Patek hits three home runs and collects seven RBIs in the Angels 20–2 victory over the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park, june 27 – At Candlestick Park, Jerry Reuss of the Los Angeles Dodgers no-hits the San Francisco Giants 8-0. A Bill Russell error on Jack Clarks first-inning ground ball is the only baserunner Reuss allows, july 3 – Minnesota Twins outfielder Ken Landreaux ties an American League record in hitting three triples during a win over the Texas Rangers. Earlier this season, Landreaux set the Twins club record with a 31-game hitting streak, july 4 Houston Astros pitcher Nolan Ryan strikes out César Gerónimo of the Cincinnati Reds, to become the fourth major league pitcher ever to reach 3,000 career strikeouts. Gerónimo was also Bob Gibsons 3, 000th career strikeout victim six years earlier, despite the milestone, Ryan allows six runs in 4.1 innings and Houston loses, 8–1. Mets catcher John Stearns, who was not even in the line-up for this game, charged out of the dugout and welcomed Gullickson to the majors by slamming him to the ground. July 6 – Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Steve Carlton becomes the major leagues left-handed strikeout king, fanning seven Cardinals in an 8–3 Phillies win to bring his total to 2,836. Mickey Lolich had held the record with 2,832, july 8 – At Dodger Stadium, the National League battles back to win its ninth consecutive All-Star Game over the American League, 4–2
7.
1982 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1982 throughout the world. World Series Champion, St. Aaron fell nine votes shy of becoming the first unanimous selection, february 8 – The Los Angeles Dodgers trade away Davey Lopes to the Oakland Athletics. This trade breaks up the infield of Lopes, Ron Cey, Bill Russell, and Steve Garvey, which had been together since 1974. February 11 – In a trade of shortstops, the St. Louis Cardinals acquire Ozzie Smith from the San Diego Padres for Garry Templeton. March 10 – Former New York Giants shortstop Travis Jackson and former baseball commissioner Happy Chandler are elected to the Hall of Fame by the Special Veterans Committee. Jackson hit.291 in 15 seasons between the 1920s and 1930s, while Chandler was the commissioner and oversaw – and encouraged – the dismantling of the color barrier in 1947. April 1 – The New York Mets trade Lee Mazzilli to the Texas Rangers for Ron Darling, april 6 – In Minneapolis, the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome debuts for major league baseball, as the Seattle Mariners outslug the Minnesota Twins 11-7. Muriel Humphrey, the widow of the 38th Vice President of the United States, Steve Bedrosian was the winning pitcher. The streak would reach 13 the next day as the Braves beat the Reds 4-3, may 6 – Gaylord Perry of the Seattle Mariners becomes the 15th pitcher with 300 career wins. May 9 The New York Mets Rusty Staub hits a game winning run off Greg Minton of the San Francisco Giants. The home run ends Mintons streak of 254 1⁄3 innings without allowing a long ball and this still stands as the longest streak in the live-ball era, if not ever. He returns to Olympic Stadium in the seventh and, after the game, may 25 – In the third inning against the San Diego Padres, Ferguson Jenkins, playing for the Chicago Cubs, becomes the seventh pitcher to record 3,000 strikeouts. His victim is Garry Templeton of the Padres, may 30 – Cal Ripken, Jr. starts at third base for the Baltimore Orioles against the Toronto Blue Jays. It is the first game of his record breaking 2,632 consecutive games played streak, coincidentally, tomorrow, May 31, will be the fifty-seventh anniversary of the start of Lou Gehrigs streak, which Ripken will break. June 2 – The Milwaukee Brewers, 23–24 on the season and 7 games out of first place, harvey Kuenn replaces him and will guide the Brewers to victory in 20 of their next 27 games, the Brewers taking over first place on July 11. The team soon to be known as Harveys Wallbangers will go on to win the American League East title, june 6 – While crossing a street in Arlington, Texas, umpire Lou DiMuro is struck by a car, he dies early the next day. Major League Baseball later retires his uniform number 16, june 20 – Pete Rose becomes only the fifth player in history to play in 3,000 Major League baseball games. Its the NLs 11th straight victory and 19th in the last 20 contests, July 19 – Tony Gwynn of the San Diego Padres makes his Major League debut
8.
1986 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1986 throughout the world. Louis Cardinals Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award Dave Righetti, New York Yankees Todd Worrell, Billy Williams falls four votes shy of the 319 needed for election. February 28 – Baseball Commissioner Peter Ueberroth suspended 11 players who had testified to cocaine involvement in the Pittsburgh drug trials of 1985. March 10 – Ernie Lombardi, the National League MVP in 1938, and Bobby Doerr, april 8 – former New York Yankee player Lou Piniella makes his managerial debut and guides the Yankees to a 4-2 victory over the Kansas City Royals at Yankee Stadium. Meanwhile, Mario Soto of the Cincinnati Reds became the 11th pitcher in league history to surrender four home runs in an inning in a 7-4 loss to the Montreal Expos. Andre Dawson, Hubie Brooks, Tim Wallach, and Mike Fitzgerald all connected, june 4 – Pitching at Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta Braves pitcher Craig McMurtry gives up Barry Bonds first career home run. June 18 – Don Sutton of the California Angels records his 300th career win, july 6 – First baseman Bob Horner of the Atlanta Braves becomes the eleventh player in history to hit four home runs in one game. Horner is, however, the player to do so in a losing effort as his Braves fall to the Montréal Expos, 11-8. July 15 – At the Houston Astrodome, the American League wins the All-Star Game 3–2, AL starter Roger Clemens pitches three perfect innings to win the Games MVP Award. July 22 – New York Mets third baseman Ray Knight incited a bench clearing brawl at Riverfront Stadium against his former teammates, eric Davis, pinch-running for Reds player/manager Pete Rose in the tenth inning, stole second and third base. Knight took the throw from Mets catcher Gary Carter late, brought his glove to Davis face, a stare-off ensued, followed by a right cross from Knight. The benches emptied and as a result of all the ejections from this fight, Mets manager brought back-up catcher Ed Hearn into the game, Roger McDowell replaced Jesse Orosco on the mound, and Orosco went into right field. They traded positions with two outs in the eleventh, and McDowell traded positions with left fielder Mookie Wilson with one out in the 12th and this rotation continued for the remainder of the game, which the Mets won in fourteen innings. July 29 – Sparky Anderson of the Detroit Tigers becomes the first in baseball to achieve 600 career wins as a manager in both the American and National League, august 1 – Bert Blyleven of the Minnesota Twins records his 3000th career strikeout. In the same game, his teammate Kirby Puckett hits for the cycle for the time in his career. August 10 – Billy Martin has his number 1 retired by the New York Yankees, august 11 – Cincinnati player-manager Pete Rose,45, singled four times and doubled to set an NL record with the 10th five-hit game of his career. Rose drove in three runs in a 13-4 loss to the San Francisco Giants, to one ahead of Max Carey for the record. August 12 – Don Baylor of the Boston Red Sox set an AL record when he was hit by a pitch for the 25th time that season, breaking the record he shared with Bill Freehan and Norm Elberfield
9.
1978 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1978. January 14 – The Sex Pistols play their final show at San Franciscos Winterland Ballroom, January 16 – Elton John appears on this weeks People Magazine without his trademark glasses. John would still wear glasses occasionally for the ten years until wearing them permanently again. January 21 – As Saturday Night Fever becomes a phenomenon, the soundtrack hits #1 on the Billboard Charts. January 25 Electric Light Orchestra kick off their Out of the Blue world tour in Honolulu, Bob Dylan makes his directorial debut in the surrealist film Renaldo and Clara, shot during his Rolling Thunder Revue tour. January 28 – By request, Ted Nugent autographs his name into an arm with a bowie knife in Philadelphia. February 4 – Elton John appears as the guest star on The Muppet Show, February 10 – Van Halen debuts with self-titled album, Eddie Van Halen introduces a powerful new sound and technique to world, while David Lee Roth is ushered in as the front man. March 18 – California Jam II is held at the Ontario Motor Speedway in California, over 300,000 fans come to see Ted Nugent, Aerosmith, Santana, Dave Mason, Foreigner, Heart and more. April 22 In the Eurovision Song Contest in Paris, France, victory goes to Israels entry A-Ba-Ni-Bi, the One Love Peace Concert is held in Kingston, Jamaica, headlined by Bob Marley, making his first concert appearance since December 1976. Steve Martin performs the original King Tut on Saturday Night Live, also that night, may 6 – The Knack is formed. May 13 – Barry Gibb becomes the only songwriter in history to have written 4 consecutive #1 singles on Billboards Hot 100 Chart, may 18 – The Buddy Holly Story, starring Gary Busey, is released. It would win the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song Score and Its Adaptation or Best Adaptation Score, may 25 – In a performance used for The Kids Are Alright, The Who play their last show with Keith Moon. June 10 – The Rolling Stones begin their 25-date US summer tour in Lakeland, June 13 – The Cramps play a free concert for patients at the Napa State Mental Hospital. June 16 – The film adaptation of the musical Grease, opens in theaters and is a box office hit, June 29 – Peter Frampton is nearly killed in a car accident in The Bahamas, suffering multiple broken bones, a concussion, and muscle damage. July 1 – The first Texxas Jam is held over the July 4 long weekend at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas. The first day features Ted Nugent, Aerosmith, Frank Marino and Mahogany Rush, Heart, Journey, Head East, Atlanta Rhythm Section, Eddie Money, Van Halen, sunday consists of Willie Nelson headlining his sixth annual Fourth of July picnic. July 19 – Dead Kennedys play their first concert, at the Mabuhay Gardens in San Francisco, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, a much-hyped musical film starring Peter Frampton and the Bee Gees performing the music of The Beatles, opens in theaters. The film is savaged by critics and proves a box office disappointment, July 29 – Glenn Goins, one of the lead vocalists for the band Parliament-Funkadelic dies of Hodgkins lymphoma at age of 24
10.
1978 World Series
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The 1978 World Series matched the defending champions New York Yankees against the Los Angeles Dodgers in a rematch of the 1977 Series, with the Yankees winning in six games to repeat as champions. 1978 was the first of ten years that saw ten different teams win the World Series. The Los Angeles Dodgers would break the string with a World Series win in 1988 and this Series had two memorable confrontations between Dodger rookie pitcher Bob Welch and the Yankees Reggie Jackson. In Game 2, Welch struck Jackson out in the top of the ninth with two outs and the tying and go-ahead runs on base to end the game. In Game 6, Jackson smashed a two-run homer off Welch in the seventh to increase the Yankees lead to 7–2 and it wasn’t easy for these two teams to repeat as their respective league’s champions, both scrambling back to the Fall Classic late in the season. The New York Yankees were as far back as fourteen games behind the Boston Red Sox at mid-July suffering from injuries to pitchers Catfish Hunter and Jim Beattie. A public display of antipathy between manager Billy Martin and slugger Reggie Jackson resulted in the replacement of Martin by the amenable, with time running out, the Yankees, four games behind the Red Sox in the American League East, began a crucial four-game series in Boston. On September 7, the Yanks began the Boston Massacre with a 15–3 drubbing of the “Sox” with second baseman Willie Randolph driving in five runs. The assault continued with the Yankees winning game two, 13–2, game three, 7–0 and game four, an eighteen-hit, 7–4 victory completing the sweep, the Yankees and Red Sox were now tied for first place with twenty games remaining for both clubs. Overall, New York would win 48 of their last 68 games finishing the season in a dead-heat with Boston. The Yanks went on to win a playoff on October 2 made famous by light hitting Bucky Dents clutch three-run homer in the seventh inning. Ron Guidry would win his 25th game, Goose Gossage pitching the last 2 2⁄3 innings picking up his 27th save, retiring hall of famer Carl Yastrzemski with a man on base for the final out. In the National League the Los Angeles Dodgers were locked in a three way race with the rival San Francisco Giants and Cincinnati Reds falling as far as 6 1⁄2 games back. Unlike the 1977 Dodgers with four 30+ home run hitters, this squad’s leader in home runs was Reggie Smith with 29, no pitcher won twenty or more games but five pitchers did win at least ten games. Rookie Bob Welch was a key after being promoted from the minors, winning seven games and his uniform number was retired by the Dodgers prior to the start of game one. In a repeat of the 1977 playoffs the Yankees again dispatched the Kansas City Royals, after losing the first two games of the World Series, the Yankees would become the first team ever to come back to win the Series in six. AL New York Yankees vs. NL Los Angeles Dodgers With Yankee ace Ron Guidry unavailable at least until Game 3, Figueroa left after two innings, allowing home runs to Dusty Baker and Davey Lopes. Lopes would add a three-run shot in the fourth off Ken Clay to make it 6–0, another Dodger run crossed the plate in the fifth, Ron Cey scoring on a Clay wild pitch
11.
New York Yankees
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The Essendon Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League, the sports premier competition. Formed in 1871 as a club and playing as a senior club since 1878. It is historically associated with Essendon, a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne, dyson Heppell is the current team captain. A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association, in 1877, and the Victorian Football League, in 1896, the club claims to have over at least one million supporters Australia wide. Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships which, along with Carlton, is the most of any club in the competition, the club was founded by members of the Royal Agricultural Society, the Melbourne Hunt Club and the Victorian Woolbrokers. The Essendon Football Club is thought to have formed in 1872 at a meeting it the home of a well-known brewery family, the McCrackens, whose Ascot Vale property hosted a team of local junior players. Robert McCracken, the owner of several city hotels, was the founder and first president of the Essendon club and his son, Alex, Alex would later become president of the newly formed VFL. Alexs cousin, Collier, who had played with Melbourne, was the teams first captain. The club played its first recorded match against the Carlton second twenty on 7 June 1873, Essendon played 13 matches in its first season, winning seven, with four draws and losing two. The club was one of the junior members of the Victorian Football Association in 1877. During its early years in the Association, Essendon played its matches at Flemington Hill. In 1878, Essendon played in the first match on what would be considered by modern standards to be a field at Flemington Hill. In 1879 Essendon played Melbourne in one of the earliest night matches recorded when the ball was painted white, in 1883 the team played four matches in Adelaide. In 1891 Essendon won their first VFA premiership, which they repeated in 1892,1893 and 1894, one of the clubs greatest players, Albert Thurgood played for the club during this period. Essendon was undefeated in the 1893 season, at the end of the 1896 season Essendon along with seven other clubs formed the Victorian Football League. Essendons first VFL game was in 1897 was against Geelong at Corio Oval in Geelong, Essendon won its first VFL premiership by winning the 1897 VFL finals series. Essendon again won the premiership in 1901, defeating Collingwood in the Grand Final, the club won successive premierships in 1911 and 1912 over Collingwood and South Melbourne respectively. The nickname first appeared in print in the local North Melbourne Advertiser in 1889 and it was known firstly as Essendon Town and, after 1905, as Essendon
12.
Los Angeles Dodgers
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The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the National League West division. Established in 1883 in Brooklyn, New York, the moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in 1962, the Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 17 Rookie of the Year Award winners, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996. In the 20th century, the team, then known as the Robins, won pennants in 1916 and 1920. In the 1930s, the changed its name to the Dodgers. In 1941, the Dodgers captured their third National League pennant and this marked the onset of the Dodgers–Yankees rivalry, as the Dodgers would face them in their next six World Series appearances. Following the 1957 season the team left Brooklyn, in just their second season in Los Angeles, the Dodgers won their second World Series title, beating the Chicago White Sox in six games in 1959. The 1963 sweep was their victory against the Yankees. The Dodgers won four pennants in 1966,1974,1977 and 1978. They went on to win the World Series again in 1981, the early 1980s were affectionately dubbed Fernandomania. The Dodgers share a rivalry with the San Francisco Giants. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season, the Giants have won two more World Series, the Dodgers have won 21 National League pennants, while the Giants hold the record with 23. When the two teams were based in New York, the Giants won five World Series championships, after the move to California, the Dodgers have won five in Los Angeles, the Giants have won three in San Francisco. The Dodgers were founded in 1883 as the Brooklyn Atlantics, taking the name of a team that had played in Brooklyn before them. The team joined the American Association in 1884 and won the AA championship in 1889 before joining the National League in 1890 and they promptly won the NL Championship their first year in the League
13.
Bucky Dent
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Russell Earl Bucky Dent is a former American Major League Baseball player and manager. He earned two World Series rings as the shortstop for the New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978. Dent is most famous for his run in a tie-breaker game against the Boston Red Sox at the end of the 1978 season. Dent was born November 25,1951, in Savannah, Georgia, to Dennis ODey and he went home from the hospital with his mothers brother James Earl Dent, and James wife, Sarah. Bucky and his half-brother were raised by the Dents, who changed his last name to Dent and he and his half-brother were led to believe the Dents were their biological parents, until he was ten years old. Dent was told the woman he knew as his aunt was in fact his mother, later in life, he was told the name of his father, whom he then found, thus sparking and developing a relationship. Dent grew up in Sylvania, Georgia, and Hialeah, Florida, the sixth pick in the 1970 major league draft, by the age of 21 he was playing shortstop for the Chicago White Sox, wearing uniform number 30. The pressure of succeeding Luis Aparicio at the position was problematic, however, and in 1977 the White Sox traded him to the Yankees for Oscar Gamble, LaMarr Hoyt, the Yankees gave him uniform number 20. Dent is widely remembered for hitting a home run that gave the Yankees a 3-2 lead in the 1978 AL East division tie-breaker game against the Boston Red Sox. This was all the more due to the fact that Dent was not known as a power hitter. The home run was one of only 40 he hit in his entire 12-year career, further, Dent occupied the ninth spot in the batting order, not generally considered a power slot. The Yankees went on to win the game 5-4, securing the title in the process. Ever since then, Red Sox fans have called him Bucky Fucking Dent, Dent continued his unusually high production by batting.417 in the 1978 World Series, earning Series Most Valuable Player honors, as the Yankees defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers, four games to two. A three-time All-Star, Dent remained the Yankees shortstop until 1982, during his six years with the Yankees, Dent lived in a home in Wyckoff, New Jersey that he later rented to Don Zimmer, after Dent was traded. On the Rangers, his number was 7. Dent returned to the Yankees briefly in 1984 before finishing his career season with the Kansas City Royals. He retired having spent his full 12-year playing career in the American League, after retiring as a player, Dent managed in the Yankees minor-league system, notably with the Columbus Clippers. He served the Yankees as manager of the club for portions of two seasons, compiling an 18–22 record in 1989 and an 18–31 record in 1990
14.
League Championship Series
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The League Championship Series is the official name for the semifinal round of postseason play in Major League Baseball which has been conducted since 1969. In 1981, and since 1995, the two series have matched up the winners of the Division Series, and the winners advance to meet in the World Series. The LCS comprises the American League Championship Series and National League Championship Series, concomitant with this, both leagues formed Eastern and Western Divisions, the first-place teams from which faced off in the LCS. The disadvantage team would have had more games played at home than on the road if the ends in five games. As of 2017, all 30 MLB teams have reached the LCS at least once, National League Championship Series American League Championship Series League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award
15.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
16.
World Series
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The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a playoff. As the series is played in October, during the season in North America. As of 2016, the World Series has been contested 112 times, with the AL winning 64, the 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs. Seven games were played, with the Cubs victorious after game seven, the final score was 8–7, the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6–6. This was the third World Series won by the Cubs, as well as their first title since 1908, in the National League, the St. As of 2016, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1998,1999, all championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, the number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884, to a high of fifteen in 1887. Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game, the series was promoted and referred to as The Championship of the United States, Worlds Championship Series, or Worlds Series for short. In his book Krakatoa, The Day the World Exploded, August 27,1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed. Until about 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on a basis with the post-19th-century series. After about 1930, however, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903, following the collapse of the American Association after the 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league. The league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between half-season champions and this scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897, the league played the runners-up in the post season championship series called the Temple Cup. A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, in 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and these series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s Worlds Series matches had been
17.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
18.
Kansas City Royals
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The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Royals compete in Major League Baseball as a team of the American League Central division. The team was founded as a franchise in 1969, and has participated in four World Series, winning in 1985 and 2015. The name Royals originates from the American Royal, a show, horse show, rodeo. Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots, since April 10,1973, the Royals have played at Kauffman Stadium, formerly known as Royals Stadium. The team remained competitive throughout the early 1990s, but then had one winning season from 1995 to 2012. For 28 consecutive seasons, the Royals did not qualify to play in the Major League Baseball postseason, the team broke this streak in 2014 by securing the franchises first wild card berth and advancing to the World Series. The Royals followed this up by winning the teams first Central Division title in 2015, the Royals began play in 1969 in Kansas City, Missouri. In their inaugural game, on April 8,1969, the Royals defeated the Minnesota Twins 4–3 in 12 innings, in 1971, the Royals had their first winning season, with manager Bob Lemon leading them to a second-place finish. In 1973, under manager Jack McKeon, the Royals adopted their iconic powder blue road uniforms, the 1973 All-Star Game was hosted at Royals Stadium, with Otis and Mayberry in the AL starting lineup. The event was held at Municipal Stadium in 1960, when the Athletics were based in Kansas City. However, the Royals lost to the New York Yankees in three straight American League Championship Series encounters, after the Royals finished in second place in 1979, Herzog was fired and replaced by Jim Frey. Under Frey, the Royals rebounded in 1980 and advanced to the ALCS, the Royals vanquished the Yankees in a three-game sweep punctuated by a George Brett home run off of Yankees star relief pitcher Goose Gossage. After reaching their first World Series, the Royals fell to the Philadelphia Phillies in six games, Game 6 was also significant because it remains the most-watched game in World Series history with a television audience of 54.9 million viewers. In July 1983, while the Royals were headed for a second-place finish behind the Chicago White Sox another chapter in the rivalry with the New York Yankees occurred. After Yankee Manager Billy Martin came out of the dugout to talk to home plate umpire Tim McClelland, McClelland, McClelland then pointed to Brett in the dugout and gave the out sign, disallowing the home run. Brett stormed out of the dugout, angry and hysterical, the homer was later reinstated by AL President Lee MacPhail, and the Royals won the game after it was resumed several weeks later. The 1983 season was notable for some transitional changes in the Royals organization
19.
Philadelphia Phillies
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The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, the Phillies compete in Major League Baseball as a member club of the National League East division. Since 2004, the home has been Citizens Bank Park. The Phillies have won two World Series championships and seven National League pennants, the first of which came in 1915, the franchise has also experienced long periods of struggle. The 77 season drought is the fourth longest World Series drought in Major League Baseball history, the longevity of the franchise and its history of adversity have earned it the dubious distinction of having lost the most games of any team in the history of American professional sports. Despite the teams lack of success historically, they are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball. The Phillies have won their division 11 times, which ranks 6th among all teams and 4th in the National League, the franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts in the National League. The teams spring training facilities are located in Clearwater, Florida and its Double-A affiliate is the Reading Fightin Phils, which plays in Reading, Pennsylvania, and its Triple-A affiliate is the Lehigh Valley IronPigs, which plays in Allentown, Pennsylvania. After being founded in 1883 as the Quakers, the changed its name to the Philadelphias. This was soon shortened to Phillies, Quakers continued to be used interchangeably with Phillies from 1883 until 1890, when the team officially became known as the Phillies. Player defections to the newly formed American League, especially to the cross-town Philadelphia Athletics, poor fiscal management after their appearance in the 1915 World Series, however, doomed the Phillies to sink back into relative obscurity, from 1918 to 1948 they only had one winning season. Though Chuck Klein won the Most Valuable Player Award in 1932 and the National League Triple Crown in 1933, after lumber baron William B. Cox purchased the team in 1943, the Phillies rose out of the standings cellar for the first time in five years. As a result, the fan base and attendance at home games increased, but it soon became clear that not all was right in Coxs front office. Eventually Cox revealed that he had been betting on the Phillies, the new owner, Bob Carpenter, Jr. scion of the Delaware-based DuPont family, tried to polish the teams image by unofficially changing its name to the Bluejays. However, the new moniker did not take, and it was dropped by 1949. This led to the advent of the Whiz Kids, led by a lineup of players developed by the Phillies farm system that included future Hall of Famers Richie Ashburn. In contrast, the Philadelphia Athletics finished last in 1950 and long-time manager Connie Mack retired, the team struggled on for four more years with only one winning season before abandoning Philadelphia under the Johnson brothers, who bought out Mack. They began play in Kansas City in 1955, as part of the deal selling that team to the Johnson brothers, the Phillies bought Shibe Park, where both teams had played since 1938
20.
Steve Garvey
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Steven Patrick Garvey is an American former professional baseball player and current Southern California businessman. He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman, most notably for the Los Angeles Dodgers and he holds the National League record for consecutive games played. Garvey played football and baseball at Michigan State University after graduating from Chamberlain High School, Garvey played his entire career in the National League West for two teams, the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego Padres. In a nineteen-year career, Garvey was a.294 hitter with 272 home runs and 1308 RBI in 2332 games played, Garvey credits Spartan head football coach Duffy Daugherty encouraging him to be a multi-sport athlete in his choosing MSU. He recorded 30 tackles and earned a letter as a back in 1967. His first at-bat in a Spartan uniform resulted in a home run. Garvey was featured in the LA Times as one of the three Spartan athletes that have helped Los Angeles professional sports teams win a combined seven world championships, Garvey was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1st round of the 1968 MLB draft. He made his Major League debut on September 1,1969 at the age of 20 and he had three plate appearances in 1969, all as a pinch hitter, and recorded his first hit on September 10, off Denny Lemaster of the Houston Astros. He played third base for the Dodgers in 1970 and hit his first home run on July 21,1970 and he moved to first base in 1973 after the retirement of Wes Parker. Garvey was part of the most enduring infield in baseball history along with third baseman Ron Cey, shortstop Bill Russell, the four infielders stayed together as the Dodgers starters for eight and a half years. Garvey is one of two players to have started an All-Star Game as a write-in vote, doing so in 1974. That year he won the NL MVP award, and had the first of six 200-hit seasons, only 15 players in all of Major League Baseball history have had six or more 200 hit seasons. With the Dodgers, Garvey played in 1,727 games over 14 seasons and he was selected to eight All-Star Games, and won the All-Star Game MVP Award for the 1974 and 1978 games. He also won the 1981 Roberto Clemente Award, finished in the top 10 in the NL MVP Award voting five times and won four straight Gold Glove Awards from 1974–1977. In December 1982 Garvey signed with the Padres for $6.6 million over five years in some felt was a masterstroke to General Manager Jack McKeons effort to rebuild the team. Though San Diego had vastly outbid the Dodgers, McKeon particularly noted Garveys value in providing a model for younger players. Sports Illustrated ranked the signing as the fifteenth best free agent signing ever as of 2008 and his first season in San Diego allowed him to break the National Leagues record for consecutive games played, a feat that landed him on the cover of Sports Illustrated as baseballs Iron Man. It was Garveys second season in San Diego, however, that would provide his highlight in a Padres uniform, led by Garvey, winning his second National League Championship Series MVP award, the Padres won their first National League pennant over the Chicago Cubs in 1984
21.
1978 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
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The 1978 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 49th midseason exhibition between the all-stars of the American League and the National League, the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was played on July 11,1978, at San Diego Stadium in San Diego, the game resulted in a 7-3 victory for the NL. This was the first All-Star Game to be played in San Diego and it would return in 1992 to be played in the same stadium, though it was renamed Jack Murphy Stadium by that time. The honorary captains were Brooks Robinson and Eddie Mathews, the American League roster included 9 future Hall of Fame players. The National League roster included 8 future Hall of Fame players, while the starters were elected by the fans, the batting orders and starting pitchers were selected by the managers. The American League opened the scoring immediately off of NL starter Vida Blue, Rod Carew tripled, and scored when George Brett doubled. Brett advanced to third base on a Jim Rice ground out, fisk hit a sacrifice fly to Joe Morgan, permitting Brett to score. The AL added another run in the top of the third inning, George Brett followed up with a sacrifice fly to George Foster that allowed Carew to score and extend the AL lead to 3-0. The lead was short lived as the NL tied the game in the bottom of the third inning. With Reggie Smith pinch hitting for Vida Blue, Bowa stole second base, pete Rose grounded out, moving Bowa to third base. George Foster walked, pushing Morgan to second base, loading the bases, greg Luzinski walked sending Foster to second base, Morgan to third base, and scoring Bowa. Steve Garvey singled, scoring Morgan and Foster, and sending Luzinski to second base, AL manager Billy Martin replaced starting pitcher Jim Palmer with relief pitcher Matt Keough, though no further scoring occurred. The score remained tied at three until the bottom of the inning, when Goose Gossage came in to pitch for the AL. Steve Garvey led off the inning with a triple, and scored when Gossage threw a pitch with Dave Concepción batting. Dave Winfield singled sending Concepción to third, with Winfield advancing to second on an error by Chet Lemon, bob Boone singled, scoring Concepción and Winfield. Boone advanced to second when Ron Cey grounded out, davey Lopes singled, scoring Boone and ending the scoring for a 7-3 NL victory. Bruce Sutter was credited with the win, Goose Gossage was credited with the loss. The two triples hit by Rod Carew, and the one hit by Steve Garvey marked the first time that three triples had been hit in a single All-Star Game
22.
SDCCU Stadium
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Qualcomm Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in San Diego, California, United States. The stadium opened in 1967 as San Diego Stadium and was known for many years as Jack Murphy Stadium. Since 1997, the naming rights have been owned by Qualcomm. It is the home of the San Diego State Aztecs football team from San Diego State University, two college football bowl games, the Holiday Bowl and Poinsettia Bowl, are held in the stadium every December. The stadium was the home of two professional franchises, the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League and the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball. The stadium has hosted three Super Bowl games, Super Bowl XXII in 1988, Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis and Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Qualcomm Stadium is located immediately northwest of the interchange of Interstate 8, the stadium is served by the Qualcomm Stadium station of the San Diego Trolley, accessible via the Green Line running toward Downtown San Diego to the west, and Santee to the east. In the early 1960s, local sportswriter Jack Murphy, the brother of New York Mets broadcaster Bob Murphy, in November 1965, a $27 million bond was passed allowing construction to begin on a stadium, which was designed in the Brutalist style. Construction on the stadium began one month later, when completed, the facility was named San Diego Stadium. The Chargers played the first game ever at the stadium on August 20,1967, San Diego Stadium had a capacity of around 50,000, the three-tier grandstand was in the shape of a horseshoe, with the east end low. Due to expansion of Major League Baseball, this team was replaced by the current San Diego Padres major-league team beginning in the 1969 season and this was replaced in 1987 by a White Way Sign scoreboard, in which the video screen is surrounded almost entirely by three messageboards. The original video board was replaced in 1996 by a Sony JumboTron, after Jack Murphys death in September 1980, San Diego Stadium was renamed San Diego–Jack Murphy Stadium by a 6–2 vote of the San Diego City Council on January 6,1981. In 1983, over 9,000 bleachers were added to the deck on the open end of the stadium raising the capacity to 59,022. The most substantial addition was completed in 1997, when the stadium was fully enclosed, nearly 11,000 seats were added in readiness for Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, bringing the capacity to 70,561. Also in 1997, the facility was renamed Qualcomm Stadium after Qualcomm Corporation paid $18 million for the naming rights, the naming rights will belong to Qualcomm until 2017. In order to continue to honor Murphy, the city named the stadium site Jack Murphy Field, however, as part of the naming agreement Jack Murphy Field was not allowed to be used alongside Qualcomm Stadium. Some San Diegans, however, still refer to the stadium as Jack Murphy or simply The Murph, before his death in 2004, Bob Murphy still referred to it as Jack Murphy Stadium during New York Mets broadcasts, even after it was renamed. The stadium was temporarily renamed Snapdragon Stadium for 10 days in December 2011 as a tie in for Qualcomms Snapdragon brand
23.
Cuba
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Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and it is south of both the U. S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and north of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital, other cities include Santiago de Cuba. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of 109,884 square kilometres, prior to Spanish colonization in the late 15th century, Cuba was inhabited by Amerindian tribes. It remained a colony of Spain until the Spanish–American War of 1898, as a fragile republic, Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system, but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1952. Further unrest and instability led to Batistas ousting in January 1959 by the July 26 Movement, since 1965, the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba. A point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, a nuclear war broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Culturally, Cuba is considered part of Latin America, Cuba is a Marxist–Leninist one-party republic, where the role of the vanguard Communist Party is enshrined in the Constitution. Independent observers have accused the Cuban government of human rights abuses. It is one of the worlds last planned economies and its economy is dominated by the exports of sugar, tobacco, coffee, according to the Human Development Index, Cuba is described as a country with high human development and is ranked the eighth highest in North America. It also ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including health care, the name Cuba comes from the Taíno language. The exact meaning of the name is unclear but it may be translated either as where fertile land is abundant, authors who believe that Christopher Columbus was Portuguese state that Cuba was named by Columbus for the town of Cuba in the district of Beja in Portugal. Before the arrival of the Spanish, Cuba was inhabited by three distinct tribes of indigenous peoples of the Americas, the Taíno, the Guanajatabey, and the Ciboney people. The ancestors of the Ciboney migrated from the mainland of South America, the Taíno arrived from Hispanola sometime in the 3rd century A. D. When Columbus arrived they were the dominant culture in Cuba, having a population of 150,000. The name Cuba comes from the native Taíno language and it is derived from either coabana meaning great place, or from cubao meaning where fertile land is abundant. The Taíno were farmers, while the Ciboney were farmers as well as fishers and hunter-gatherers, Columbus claimed the island for the new Kingdom of Spain and named it Isla Juana after Juan, Prince of Asturias. In 1511, the first Spanish settlement was founded by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar at Baracoa, other towns soon followed, including San Cristobal de la Habana, founded in 1515, which later became the capital
24.
University of Southern California
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The University of Southern California is a private research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles, California. As Californias oldest private university, USC has historically educated a large number of the regions business leaders. In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia, an engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California. For the 2014–15 academic year, there were 18,740 students enrolled in undergraduate programs. USC also has 23,729 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, and medicine. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the world, consistently ranking among the top 3 in external contributions, multiple academic rankings list the University of Southern California as being among the top 25 universities in the United States. With an acceptance rate of 16 percent, USC is also among the most selective academic institutions in the nation. USC maintains a tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship, with alumni having founded companies such as Lucasfilm, Myspace, Salesforce. com, Intuit, Qualcomm, Box, Tinder. As of 2014, the university has produced the fourth largest number of billionaire alumni out of all institutions in the world. USC is home to the world’s most powerful computer, which is presently housed in a super-cooled. The only other commercially available quantum computing system is operated jointly by NASA, USC was also one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System. Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing, dynamic programming, image compression, VoIP, USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Members of the teams, the Trojans, have won 102 NCAA team championships, ranking them third in the nation. Trojan athletes have won 288 medals at the Olympic games, more than any university in the United States. If USC were a country, its athletes would have received the 12th-most Olympic gold medals in history. In 1969, it joined the Association of American Universities, the University of Southern California was founded following the efforts of Judge Robert M. Hellman. The three donated 308 lots of land to establish the campus and provided the seed money for the construction of the first buildings. Originally operated in affiliation with the Methodist Church, the school mandated from the start that no student would be denied admission because of race, the university is no longer affiliated with any church, having severed formal ties in 1952
