1.
1979 in Norway
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Events in the year 1979 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Odvar Nordli Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country, bryggen and the Urnes stave church are designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. March - the planet Hoth scenes from the Hollywood film The Empire Strikes Back were filmed in the Hardangerjøkulen glacier, december 1 - During an episode of Jul i Skomakergata on NRK, Sandmännchen premieres on Norwegian television for the first time. Åge Rønning, writer and journalist, is awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize, nils Johan Rud, novelist, short story writer and magazine editor, is awarded the Dobloug Prize for Swedish and Norwegian fiction. Bjørg Vik, writer, playwright and journalist, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for the short stories En håndfull lengsel. 24 April – Tor Henning Hamre, footballer 25 April – Nils-Torolv Simonsen, rower 25 April – Martin Sjølie, pianist, songwriter and record producer 1 May – Lars Berger,13 June – Nila Håkedal, beach volleyball player. 31 August – Camilla Huse, footballer 3 September – Stian Eckhoff, biathlete
2.
1978 in Norway
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Events in the year 1978 in Norway. All eighteen people on board are killed in the crash,28 August – At Hopen, Svalbard, a Soviet Tupolev Tu-16 aircraft accidentally crashes at the sides of Werenskioldfjellet. 7 September – Skateboarding is banned in Norway,22 October – Lillestrøm wins the 1978 Norwegian Football Cup final by beating Brann 2–1. Harald Sverdrup, poet and childrens writer, is awarded the Dobloug Prize literature award. B, sculptor Trond Frønes, musician Ray Kay, photographer 16 January – Otto Dahl, politician 16 January – Svein Helling, sport shooter 18 January – John Lyng, barrister and politician. 21 January – Olav Sundal, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist,21 February – Raoul Heide, fencer. 3 March – Georg Morgenstierne, linguist 13 March – Kaare Bache,1 April – Olaf Nygaard, cyclist 18 April – Alex Brinchmann, childrens physician and songwriter, novelist, playwright and crime writer. 25 April – Arne Rustadstuen, Nordic skier, Olympic bronze medallist and World Champion 4 May – Kolbjørn Fjeld, librarian,8 May – Klara Amalie Skoglund, politician 9 May – Halvor Bunkholt, politician 20 May – Bjarne Brustad, composer and violinist. 15 August – Viggo Brun, mathematician 15 August – Hartvig Kiran, poet,30 September – Eiliv Skard, classical philologist. 2 October – Sjur Johnsen, wrestler,15 October – Rolf Stenersen, track and field athlete, businessman, art collector, non-fiction writer, essayist, novelist, playwright and biographer. 17 October – Robert Giertsen, sailor 17 October – Sigurd Evensmo, author, poulsson, judge Lita Prahl, actress and costume designer Carl Søyland, newspaper editor
3.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
4.
Olav V of Norway
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Olav V was King of Norway from 1957 until his death. Olav was the child of Haakon VII and Maud of Wales. He became heir apparent to the Norwegian throne when his father was elected King of Norway in 1905. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV, in preparation for his future role, he attended both civilian and military schools. In 1929, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden, during World War II his leadership was much appreciated and he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. At his death in 1991, he was the last surviving grandchild of Edward VII of the United Kingdom, due to his considerate, down-to-earth style, King Olav was immensely popular, resulting in the nickname Folkekongen. In a 2005 poll by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Olav was voted Norwegian of the century, Olav was a Danish prince born in Appleton House on the royal Sandringham Estate, Flitcham, United Kingdom. He was named Alexander Edward Christian Frederik, when his father was elected king of Norway, he took the Norwegian name Haakon VII, and on the day he was inaugurated, he gave his son the Norwegian name Olav. Olav was the first heir to the throne since medieval times to have raised in Norway. Unlike his father, who was an officer, Olav chose to complete his main military education in the army. He graduated from the three-year Norwegian Military Academy in 1924, with the fourth best score in his class, Olav then went on to study jurisprudence and economics for two years at Balliol College, Oxford. During the 1930s, Crown Prince Olav was a naval cadet serving on the training ship Olav Tryggvason. Olav moved upwards in the ranks of the Norwegian armed forces, rising in the army from a rank of first lieutenant, to captain in 1931. Olav jumped from the Holmenkollen ski jump in Oslo, and also competed in sailing regattas and he won a gold medal in sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam and remained an active sailor into old age. On 21 March 1929 in Oslo, he married his first cousin Princess Märtha of Sweden with whom he had two daughters, Ragnhild and Astrid and one son, Harald. As exiles during World War II, Crown Princess Märtha and the children lived in Washington. She died in 1954, before her husband ascended the throne, as Crown Prince, Olav had received extensive military training and had participated in most major Norwegian military exercises. Because of this he was one of the most knowledgeable Norwegian military leaders and was respected by other Allied leaders for his knowledge
5.
Norwegian Petroleum Museum
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The Norwegian Petroleum Museum was opened on 20 May 1999. In Norwegian language the museum is called Norsk Oljemuseum, the unusual architecture has made the museum a landmark in the Port of Stavanger. Seen from the sea the museum looks like an oil platform. The museum focuses on offshore petroleum activity especially in the North Sea, list of petroleum museums Norwegian Petroleum Museum Website Museums in Stavanger About the architecture of Norwegian Petroleum Museum
6.
Oslo Tunnel
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The Oslo Tunnel is a 3, 632-meter, double-track, railway tunnel which runs between Olav Kyrres plass and Oslo Central Station in Oslo, Norway. The tunnel constitutes the eastern-most section of the Drammen Line and runs below the business district of Oslo. It features the four-track Nationaltheatret Station, Norways second-busiest railway station, at Frogner, the Elisenberg Station was built, but has never been used. The tunnel is the busiest section of line in Norway and serves all west-bound trains from Oslo, including many services of the Oslo Commuter Rail. Traditionally, Oslo had two stations, the larger Oslo East Station and Oslo West Station, which served the Drammen Line and this caused a physical barrier between the two parts of the railway network, only connected by the Oslo Port Line which ran partly in city streets. Formal planning of a station and a tunnel connecting the Drammen Line to Oslo Ø started in 1938. The Oslo Tunnel opened on 1 June 1980, and made it possible to close Oslo V in 1989, Nationaltheatret saw a major upgrade in 1999, when it was expanded to four tracks, and from 2008 to 2010, the tunnel will see a major technical upgrade. There are plans to build a tunnel to increase train capacity west of Oslo. The tunnel constitutes the easternmost 3,632 meters of the Drammen Line, at Oslo S,12 of the 19 tracks connect to the tunnel, which is shaped as a funnel, eventually merging the twelve tracks into two. The tunnel runs below some important heritage buildings in Oslo, including Basarhallene, Nationaltheatret Station is the second-busiest railway station in the country, and is located below the Oslo Metro station with the same name. The station has four tracks and two 250-meter long island platforms, serving the business district of Oslo. Through this section, the line runs below the Common Tunnel of the Oslo Metro for 280 meters, at this point, the line is 18 meters below the surface. Elisenberg Station, located in Frogner, is built, including a 220-meter long island platform. The line follows Bygdøy allé and surfaces just west of Olav Kyrres plass, immediately afterwards, the Skøyen–Filipstad Line merges into the Drammen Line. The next station along the line is Skøyen Station, the Oslo Tunnel is the most heavily trafficked section of mainline railway in Norway. It has a capacity of 40 trains per hour in each direction. In rush hour, there are up to 20 trains operating through the tunnel, all eight lines of the Oslo Commuter Rail have some or all of their services operate through the tunnel, although many of these terminate at Skøyen. Freight trains along the Sørland Line operate through the tunnel, although only at night, while freight trains along the Bergen Line do not, by the 1930s, Oslo had two main railway stations, Oslo East Station and Oslo West Station
7.
John Arne Riise
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John Arne Semundseth Riise is a retired Norwegian professional footballer who last played as a left-back and a left midfielder for Indian Super League club Chennaiyin F. C. on a two-month contract. With 110 caps, he is the most capped player for the Norway national team and he was named in the Norway squad for UEFA Euro 2000 but did not play in the tournament. Riise scored 16 goals before his retirement from international duty in 2013 and he spent seven years playing for Premier League side Liverpool, in which he won many honours, including the 2004–05 UEFA Champions League, before moving to Roma in 2008. Riise began his career in his homeland with Aalesund, after a single season as a senior player for the club, he moved abroad in 1998, playing the formative years of his professional career with French club Monaco. When Aalesund opened their new stadium in April 2005, businessman Olav Nils Sunde donated a statue to the club, while Sunde denied it, the statue bore a very strong resemblance to Riise. In 2007, when Riise played in the Champions League Final, Riise himself has said, is not for me to decide. Everyone sees who it is, and I know that it was made for me, Riise was a regular member of the 1999–2000 Ligue 1 championship-winning side, however, he fell out of favour with coach Claude Puel after admitting his desire to leave. He was then sold to Liverpool for £4 million the following summer and he made his debut for Liverpool in the 24 August 20012001 UEFA Super Cup game against Bayern Munich played at the Stade Louis II. He scored as Liverpool went on to win the game 3–2 and he also scored important goals throughout the Premier League season against teams such as Arsenal, Everton, Newcastle United and Manchester United. Riise initially wore the number 18 shirt but changed to the number 6 shirt in 2004–05 season and he scored ten goals in his first season with Liverpool. Riise endured what were considered below-average seasons by most in the 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons and he won a UEFA Champions League winners medal, providing the assist for Liverpools first goal of the final, although his attempt in the penalty shoot-out against Milan was saved. In the 2005 Football League Cup Final, he scored in the first minute of the game, however, in January 2006, Riise signed a new contract at Anfield to keep him at the club until 2009. In February 2008, Riise announced his desire to stay at Liverpool for the rest of his career, Riise helped the club to win the 2005–06 FA Cup, scoring in the semi-final against Chelsea and successfully converting his attempt in the penalty shoot-out against West Ham in the final. Riise made it into the list of the top 50 Liverpool appearance-makers of all time when he played in the 5–0 victory over Luton Town on 15 January 2008. On 22 April 2008, in Liverpools Champions League semi-final first leg against Chelsea at Anfield, Liverpool went on to lose 3–2 after extra time in the away match and were eliminated from the tournament 4–3 on aggregate. Throughout the 2007–08 season, Riises natural place in the side was taken by Fábio Aurélio. On 18 June 2008, after being linked with moves to other English clubs, the club paid €5 million total, including €2.8 million per year. Riise soon became a fan favourite with his hard working spirit which drove Roma to several important victories, in fact, Riises first goal for the club was against league leaders Internazionale in a pivotal top of the table game
8.
Labour Party (Norway)
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The Labour Party, formerly the Norwegian Labour Party, is a social-democratic political party in Norway. It was formerly the senior partner of the governing Red-Green Coalition, the party is currently led by Jonas Gahr Støre. The Labour Party is officially committed to social-democratic ideals and its slogan since the 1930s has been everyone shall take part, and the party traditionally seeks a strong welfare state, funded through taxes and duties. During the first Stoltenberg government, the policies were inspired by Tony Blairs New Labour. The party has frequently described as increasingly neoliberal since the 1980s. The Labour Party profiles itself as a party that subscribes to cooperation on a national as well as international level. Its youth wing is the Workers Youth League, the party is a full member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance, and is an observer member of the Socialist International. The Labour Party has always been a supporter of Norways NATO membership and has supported Norwegian membership in the European Union during two referendums. Founded in 1887, the party increased in support until it became the largest party in Norway in 1927. This year also saw the consolidation of surrounding the party during the 1920s following its membership in the Comintern from 1919 to 1923. It formed its first government in 1928, and has led the government for all but 16 years since 1935, from 1945 to 1961, the party had an absolute majority in the Norwegian parliament, the only time this has ever happened in Norwegian history. The domination by the Labour Party, during the 1960s and early 1970s, was broken by competition from the left. From the end of the 1970s however, the party started to lose voters to the right, in 2001 the party achieved its worst electoral results since 1924. Between 2005 and 2013, Labour returned to power after committing to an agreement with other parties in order to form a majority government. Since losing 9 seats in the 2013 election, Labour has been in opposition, the party was founded in 1887 in Arendal and first ran in elections to the Parliament of Norway in 1894. It entered Parliament in 1904 after the 1903 election, and steadily increased its vote until 1927, the party were members of Comintern, a Communist organisation, between 1918 and 1923. From the establishment of Vort Arbeide in 1884, the party had a growing and notable organisation of newspapers, the party press system eventually resulted in Norsk Arbeiderpresse. In January 1913 the party had 24 newspapers, and 6 more newspapers were founded in 1913, the party also had the periodical Det 20de Aarhundre
9.
Alexander L. Kielland (platform)
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Alexander L. Kielland was a Norwegian semi-submersible drilling rig that capsized while working in the Ekofisk oil field in March 1980, killing 123 people. The capsize was the worst disaster in Norwegian waters since World War II, the rig was named after the Norwegian writer Alexander Lange Kielland. The rig was built as a drilling unit at a French shipyard. The floating drill rig was not used for drilling purposes but served as a semi-submersible flotel providing living quarters for offshore workers, by 1978, additional accommodation blocks had been added to the platform, so that up to 386 persons could be accommodated. In 1980, the platform was working in the Norwegian north sea providing offshore accommodation for the production platform Edda 2/7C, in driving rain and mist, early in the evening of 27 March 1980 more than 200 men were off duty in the accommodation on Alexander L. Kielland. The wind was gusting to 40 knots with waves up to 12 m high, the rig had just been winched away from the Edda production platform. Minutes before 18,30, those on board felt a sharp crack followed by some kind of trembling, suddenly the rig heeled over 30° and then stabilised. Five of the six anchor cables had broken, the one remaining cable preventing the rig from capsizing, the list continued to increase and at 18,53, the remaining anchor cable snapped and the rig capsized. 130 men were in the hall and the cinema. The rig had seven 50-man lifeboats and twenty 20-man rafts, four lifeboats were launched, but only one managed to release from the lowering cables. A fifth lifeboat came adrift and surfaced upside down, its occupants righted it, two of Kiellands rafts were detached and three men were rescued from them. Two 12-man rafts were thrown from Edda and rescued 13 survivors, seven men were taken from the sea by supply boats and seven swam to Edda. No-one was rescued by the vessel, which took an hour to reach the scene. Of the 212 people aboard 123 were killed, making it the worst disaster in Norwegian offshore history since WWII, Most of the workers were from Rogaland. In March 1981, a report concluded that the rig collapsed due to a fatigue crack in one of its six bracings. This was traced to a small 6mm fillet weld which joined a non-load-bearing flange plate to this D-6 bracing and this flange plate held a sonar device used during drilling operations. The poor profile of the fillet weld contributed to a reduction in its fatigue strength, further, the investigation found considerable amounts of lamellar tearing in the flange plate and cold cracks in the butt weld. Cold cracks in the welds, increased stress concentrations due to the flange plate, the poor weld profile
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