1.
Baseball
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Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding. A run is scored when a player advances around the bases, Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to prevent runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the team who reaches a base safely can later attempt to advance to subsequent bases during teammates turns batting. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the team records three outs. One turn batting for both teams, beginning with the team, constitutes an inning. A game is composed of nine innings, and the team with the number of runs at the end of the game wins. Baseball has no clock, although almost all games end in the ninth inning. Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century and this game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the sport of the United States. Baseball is now popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, in the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball teams are divided into the National League and American League, each with three divisions, East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series, the top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League. The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision, a French manuscript from 1344 contains an illustration of clerics playing a game, possibly la soule, with similarities to baseball. Other old French games such as thèque, la balle au bâton, consensus once held that todays baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular in Great Britain and Ireland. Baseball Before We Knew It, A Search for the Roots of the Game, by David Block, suggests that the game originated in England, recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of other. It has long believed that cricket also descended from such games. The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, David Block discovered that the first recorded game of Bass-Ball took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. William Bray, an English lawyer, recorded a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford and this early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants
2.
1986
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The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. January 1 Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which becomes the European Union. Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles, the Province of Flevoland is established in the Netherlands. UNIDO becomes an agency of the United Nations. January 9 – After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business, January 11 – The Gateway Bridge in Brisbane, Australia, at this time the worlds longest prestressed concrete free-cantilever bridge, is opened. January 12 – STS-61-C, Space Shuttle Columbia is launched with the first Hispanic American astronaut, January 13–24 – South Yemen Civil War. January 19 – The first PC virus, Brain, starts to spread, January 20 – The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel. January 24 – The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus, January 25 – Yoweri Musevenis National Resistance Army Rebel group takes over Uganda after leading a 5-year guerrilla war in which up to half a million people are believed to have been killed. They will later use January 26 as the date to avoid a coincidence of dates with Dictator Idi Amins 1971 coup. January 26 – Super Bowl XX, The Bears defeated the Patriots by the score of 46–10, January 29 – Yoweri Museveni is sworn in as President of Uganda. February 3 – Pixar Animation Studios are opened in California, february 7 President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees Haiti, ending 28 years of family rule. February 8 – The Hinton train collision happened, which a Canadian National train heading westbound collided with a Via Rail train in Hinton,23 people were killed in the accident, and injured 71 people. February 9 – Halleys Comet reaches its perihelion, the closest point to the Sun, february 11 – Human rights activist Natan Sharansky is released by the Soviet Union and leaves the country. February 15 – The Beechcraft Starship makes its maiden flight, february 16 The Soviet liner MS Mikhail Lermontov sinks in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. Ouadi Doum air raid, The French Air Force raids the Libyan Ouadi Doum airbase in northern Chad, february 17 – The Single European Act is signed. February 19 The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station, the United States Senate approves a treaty outlawing genocide. February 21 – Nintendo releases the first game in the Zelda series, The Legend of Zelda, february 22 – The People Power Revolution begins in the Philippines to remove President Ferdinand Marcos from office. February 25 The 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union opens in Moscow, the General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev introduces the keywords of his mandate to the audience, Glasnost and Perestroika
3.
1978 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1978 throughout the world. January 25 – The San Diego Padres send Dave Tomlin and cash to the Texas Rangers in return for Gaylord Perry, who will win this years National League Cy Young Award. March 17 – At Al Lopez Field in Tampa, Florida, in 1990, the Boston Red Sox become the second team to adopt this tradition. April 1 – Starting off with a bang, Japanese star Sadaharu Oh hits a grand slam home run on opening day and it is his 757th home run. April 13 – The New York Yankees defeat the Chicago White Sox 4–2 in their opener on Reggie Candy Bar Day. Reggie Jackson slugs a 3-run home run in the first inning, april 16 – The St. Louis Cardinals Bob Forsch hurls a no-hitter in beating the Philadelphia Phillies 5–0. Forsch walks 2 and strikes out 3 in pitching the first home no-hitter by a Cardinal since Jesse Haines in 1924. His brother, the Houston Astros Ken Forsch, will toss a no-hitter the following season against the Atlanta Braves — making them the first big league brothers to each toss a no-hitter, as he was in the air, the ball hits the base, and caromes behind Smith. As he is diving in the direction, Smith reaches out with his bare hand. He bounces up, and throws Burroughs out at first, the Padres win the game 2–0. April 29 – Pete Rose smashes three home runs in a 14–7 win over the New York Mets, may 5 – Pete Rose singles off Montreals Steve Rogers for career hit 3,000 and gets a hug at first base from former teammate Tony Pérez. The Montreal Expos beat the Cincinnati Reds 4–3, may 12 – At Royals Stadium, a potential game-ending routine fly ball becomes an Amos Otis walk-off inside-the-park home run as Reggie Jackson and Mickey Rivers collide in the outfield. The Kansas City Royals defeat the New York Yankees, 4–3, the misplay turns a sure Goose Gossage save into a sour loss for the current World Champion Yankees. May 14 – With the Chicago Cubs losing 7–5 to the Los Angeles Dodgers, Following the game, Paul Olden, a reporter for radio station KLAC in Los Angeles asks Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda, Whats your opinion of Kingmans performance. Lasorda goes off in a now-famous obscenity-laced tirade, may 20 – At Olympic Stadium, Willie Stargell of the Pittsburgh Pirates hits two home runs off Wayne Twitchell in a 6–0 victory over the Montreal Expos. His second is a 535-foot shot in the fourth inning that lands in the upper deck — the only fair ball ever to be hit there, may 23 – With the Oakland Athletics leading the American League Western Division, manager Bobby Winkles walks off the job. June 3 – Davey Johnson becomes the first major leaguer to hit two grand slams in a season, as the Philadelphia Phillies beat the Los Angeles Dodgers. June 14 – Pete Rose starts his 44-game hitting streak by collecting two hits in the Cincinnati Reds 3–1 win over the Chicago Cubs, june 16 – In his 12th major league season speckled with near-misses, Cincinnatis Tom Seaver finally hurls a no-hitter
4.
1979 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1979 throughout the world. World Series, Pittsburgh Pirates over Baltimore Orioles, Willie Stargell, MVP American League Championship Series MVP, february 3 – The Minnesota Twins trade Rod Carew to the California Angels for Ken Landreaux, Dave Engle, Paul Hartzell and Brad Havens. March 7 – The Special Veterans Committee selects Warren Giles and Hack Wilson for the Hall of Fame, april 7 – In the earliest no-hitter in major league history, the Houston Astros Ken Forsch shuts down the Atlanta Braves 6–0. His brother, St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Bob Forsch, hurled a no-hitter the previous season against the Philadelphia Phillies — making them the first big league brothers to each toss a no-hitter. April 19 – New York Yankees closer Rich Gossage breaks his thumb in a clubhouse fight with teammate Cliff Johnson. Gossage would miss almost two months, while 1978 American League Cy Young Award winner Ron Guidry voluntarily replaced him in the bullpen for a short time. May 9 – With the score tied 4-4 in the inning, and Jimmy Sexton on first base with no outs. The Cardinals attempt to get the runner on the play, however, second base umpire Dave Pallone calls Sexton safe. Cardinals manager Ken Boyer, First baseman Keith Hernandez and catcher Ted Simmons are ejected from the game, players on the Cardinals bench begin throwing bats and helmets onto the field in protest. As a result, Pallone orders the entire Cardinals bench into the clubhouse, the Cardinals would get out of the inning without a run scoring, however would lose it in the sixteenth inning. Bill Buckner had a grand slam and seven RBIs for Chicago, the game included a then Major League record 11 home runs and 50 hits. May 25 – Starter Ross Baumgarten and reliever Randy Scarbery pitched the first combined one-hitter in Chicago White Sox history, defeating Nolan Ryan, may 28 – Texas Rangers first baseman Mike Jorgensen is hit in the head by a pitch from Boston Red Sox pitcher Andy Hassler. Dave Roberts comes into the game to run for Jorgensen. Aside from an appearance on May 31, Jorgensen does not play again until July 1. After suffering headaches, it is discovered he has a blood clot inside his head. June 8 – The Kansas City Royals use their fourth pick to draft Dan Marino. In the seventeenth round, they select Stanfords John Elway, neither player would sign with the Royals, though they would go on to record-breaking careers in the National Football League. June 12 – The Detroit Tigers hire Sparky Anderson as their new manager, June 18 – Bob Lemon is fired as manager of the defending World Series champ New York Yankees after a sluggish 34-31 start
5.
1980 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1980 throughout the world. Kaline is the 10th player to be elected in his first year of eligibility, january 24 – The New York Mets are sold to a group headed by Nelson Doubleday, Jr. and Fred Wilpon for an estimated $21.1 million. It was, at the time, the highest amount ever paid for an American professional sports franchise, february 12 – The Board of the Oakland Coliseum and the Oakland City Council both reject an attempt to buy out the remainder of the Oakland Athletics lease to the stadium. This blocks an attempt to sell the team and a move to Denver. March 8 – Rookie Joe Charboneau of the Cleveland Indians is attacked outside a Mexico City hotel, a fan seeking his autograph stabs him in the chest with a pen. Charboneau misses the start of the year, but goes on to bat.289, hitting 23 home runs and he will be elected American League Rookie of the Year. March 12 – Slugger Chuck Klein and former Boston Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey are elected to the Hall of Fame by the Special Veterans Committee, Yawkey is the first club owner selected who never served as a player, manager or general manager. Lezcano also hit a grand slam two years prior on Opening Day, Ryan, however, only lasts six innings and the Dodgers win the game 6-5 in 17 innings at the Astrodome. McCovey becomes the player, after Ted Williams, to hit a home run in four different decades. May 23 – Texas Rangers pitcher Ferguson Jenkins wins his 250th game against the Oakland Athletics, Jenkins pitched a complete game for the Rangers, striking out eight batters in the victory. May 29 – At San Diego Stadium, Johnny Bench of the Cincinnati Reds breaks Yogi Berras all-time record for home runs by a catcher. June 20 – California Angels shortstop Freddie Patek hits three home runs and collects seven RBIs in the Angels 20–2 victory over the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park, june 27 – At Candlestick Park, Jerry Reuss of the Los Angeles Dodgers no-hits the San Francisco Giants 8-0. A Bill Russell error on Jack Clarks first-inning ground ball is the only baserunner Reuss allows, july 3 – Minnesota Twins outfielder Ken Landreaux ties an American League record in hitting three triples during a win over the Texas Rangers. Earlier this season, Landreaux set the Twins club record with a 31-game hitting streak, july 4 Houston Astros pitcher Nolan Ryan strikes out César Gerónimo of the Cincinnati Reds, to become the fourth major league pitcher ever to reach 3,000 career strikeouts. Gerónimo was also Bob Gibsons 3, 000th career strikeout victim six years earlier, despite the milestone, Ryan allows six runs in 4.1 innings and Houston loses, 8–1. Mets catcher John Stearns, who was not even in the line-up for this game, charged out of the dugout and welcomed Gullickson to the majors by slamming him to the ground. July 6 – Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Steve Carlton becomes the major leagues left-handed strikeout king, fanning seven Cardinals in an 8–3 Phillies win to bring his total to 2,836. Mickey Lolich had held the record with 2,832, july 8 – At Dodger Stadium, the National League battles back to win its ninth consecutive All-Star Game over the American League, 4–2
6.
1982 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1982 throughout the world. World Series Champion, St. Aaron fell nine votes shy of becoming the first unanimous selection, february 8 – The Los Angeles Dodgers trade away Davey Lopes to the Oakland Athletics. This trade breaks up the infield of Lopes, Ron Cey, Bill Russell, and Steve Garvey, which had been together since 1974. February 11 – In a trade of shortstops, the St. Louis Cardinals acquire Ozzie Smith from the San Diego Padres for Garry Templeton. March 10 – Former New York Giants shortstop Travis Jackson and former baseball commissioner Happy Chandler are elected to the Hall of Fame by the Special Veterans Committee. Jackson hit.291 in 15 seasons between the 1920s and 1930s, while Chandler was the commissioner and oversaw – and encouraged – the dismantling of the color barrier in 1947. April 1 – The New York Mets trade Lee Mazzilli to the Texas Rangers for Ron Darling, april 6 – In Minneapolis, the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome debuts for major league baseball, as the Seattle Mariners outslug the Minnesota Twins 11-7. Muriel Humphrey, the widow of the 38th Vice President of the United States, Steve Bedrosian was the winning pitcher. The streak would reach 13 the next day as the Braves beat the Reds 4-3, may 6 – Gaylord Perry of the Seattle Mariners becomes the 15th pitcher with 300 career wins. May 9 The New York Mets Rusty Staub hits a game winning run off Greg Minton of the San Francisco Giants. The home run ends Mintons streak of 254 1⁄3 innings without allowing a long ball and this still stands as the longest streak in the live-ball era, if not ever. He returns to Olympic Stadium in the seventh and, after the game, may 25 – In the third inning against the San Diego Padres, Ferguson Jenkins, playing for the Chicago Cubs, becomes the seventh pitcher to record 3,000 strikeouts. His victim is Garry Templeton of the Padres, may 30 – Cal Ripken, Jr. starts at third base for the Baltimore Orioles against the Toronto Blue Jays. It is the first game of his record breaking 2,632 consecutive games played streak, coincidentally, tomorrow, May 31, will be the fifty-seventh anniversary of the start of Lou Gehrigs streak, which Ripken will break. June 2 – The Milwaukee Brewers, 23–24 on the season and 7 games out of first place, harvey Kuenn replaces him and will guide the Brewers to victory in 20 of their next 27 games, the Brewers taking over first place on July 11. The team soon to be known as Harveys Wallbangers will go on to win the American League East title, june 6 – While crossing a street in Arlington, Texas, umpire Lou DiMuro is struck by a car, he dies early the next day. Major League Baseball later retires his uniform number 16, june 20 – Pete Rose becomes only the fifth player in history to play in 3,000 Major League baseball games. Its the NLs 11th straight victory and 19th in the last 20 contests, July 19 – Tony Gwynn of the San Diego Padres makes his Major League debut
7.
1986 in architecture
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The year 1986 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Undated Construction work begins on Park Pobedy station in the Moscow Metro, schmidt hammer lassen architects founded in Aarhus, Denmark. January 17 - The Buenos Aires Argentina Temple is dedicated by Thomas S. Monson, may 11 - The Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez, in Barranquilla, Colombia. July 29 - Glasgow Sheriff Court Building in Glasgow, Scotland, october 23 - The Beirut Memorial in Jacksonville, North Carolina, USA, is dedicated. October 26 - The nave of Hallgrímskirkja, a church in Reykjavík, november 18 - The Lloyds Building in the City of London, UK December 24 - The Lotus Temple in New Delhi, India, designed by Fariborz Sahba. Museum Tower in Miami, Florida, USA, the AXA Center in New York City, United States. The Dakin Building in Brisbane, California, USA The Robot Building in Bangkok, nabemba Tower, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. The Fernmeldeturm Münster in Münster, Germany, the Tortoise Mountain TV Tower in Wuhan, China. The Town Pavilion in Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, United States, the Lipstick Building in New York City, New York, United States. 1221 Brickell Building in Miami, Florida, USA,701 Brickell Avenue in Miami, Florida, USA. Henbury Hall, Cheshire, England, designed by Julian Bicknell after Palladio as depicted by Felix Kelly, russian State Scientific Center of Robotics and Technical Cybernetics, Saint Petersburg, designed by B. I. Te Rata Bridge, King Country, New Zealand, aga Khan Prize - Rifat Chadirji. AIA Gold Medal - Arthur Charles Erickson, architecture Firm Award - Esherick Homsey Dodge & Davis. Grand prix national de larchitecture - Adrien Fainsilber, prix de lÉquerre dArgent - Adrien Fainsilber. RAIA Gold Medal - Richard Butterworth, RIBA Royal Gold Medal - Arata Isozaki. Twenty-five Year Award - Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, February 6 - Minoru Yamasaki, American architect February 21 - Mart Stam, Dutch architect Werner Schindler, Swiss architect
8.
1986 World Series
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The 1986 World Series pitted the National League champions New York Mets against the American League champions Boston Red Sox. The Mets won the Series in the game, after overcoming a deficit of two runs in the bottom of the 10th inning in Game 6 to win and save the Series. This was a game in which the Red Sox were twice one strike away from victory, Game 6 has been cited in the legend of the Curse of the Bambino to explain the major comeback. The New York Mets finished the season with a franchise record 108–54. They then won a tightly contested 1986 National League Championship Series, the talent of the team was colored by controversy during much of the season, with scrappy players both on and off the field. On July 19,1986, Mets infielder Tim Teufel and pitchers Rick Aguilera, Bobby Ojeda, just three days later, they played a game which became a microcosm of their season when two Mets were ejected after a bench-clearing brawl. Despite the adversity, they won the game in the fourteenth inning on a three-run homer by Howard Johnson. Former NL MVP George Foster was released a few days after the game, Boston went 95–66 during the season, winning the American League East division by 5 1⁄2 games over their biggest nemesis, the New York Yankees. The teams defining moment occurred in Game 5 of the 1986 American League Championship Series against the California Angels, Red Sox closer Calvin Schiraldi walked Darryl Strawberry to lead off the bottom of the ninth inning, giving Mets fans visions of a rally. However, Schiraldi got Ray Knight to force Strawberry at second base, with two outs, Danny Heep was called upon to bat for weak-hitting shortstop Rafael Santana. Schiraldi worked him to a 2–2 count, and got Heep to swing at the last pitch for a strikeout, just as they did in the League Championship Series against Houston, the Mets opened the series with a 1–0 defeat. After dropping the first game, the Mets turned to young phenom Dwight Gooden in what figured to be a matchup with Bostons own young pitching sensation Roger Clemens. That duel did not materialize, as neither pitcher went beyond five innings. The Red Sox drew first blood in the top of the inning, when after a leadoff walk to Spike Owen, Keith Hernandez fielded a Clemens bunt. This was costly, as Wade Boggs drove in Owen with a double, Marty Barrett drove in Clemens with a single, the Mets struck back in the bottom half of the inning, putting runners on second and third base for Wally Backman. Backman grounded one up the middle, plating Rafael Santana, and Hernandez grounded out, allowing Gooden to score and bring the Mets within one run. However, Dave Henderson, the hero of the ALCS, drove the second pitch from Gooden in the top of the inning to left-center field for a home run. Dwight Evans followed with a home run in the top of the fifth inning, bringing the score to 6–2
9.
New York Mets
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The New York Mets are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens. The Mets compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the National League East division. The Mets are one of two Major League clubs based in New York City, the other is the New York Yankees. One of baseballs first expansion teams, the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New Yorks departed NL teams, the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants. The Mets colors are composed of the Dodgers blue and the Giants orange, during the 1962 and 1963 seasons, the Mets played their home games at the Polo Grounds. From 1964 to 2008, the Mets home ballpark was Shea Stadium, in 2009, they moved into their current ballpark, Citi Field. In their 1962 inaugural season, the Mets posted a record of 40–120, the Mets made the playoffs in 2006 when they came within one game of the World Series, losing to the eventual champion St. Louis Cardinals in the NLCS. The Mets missed the playoffs with losses on the last day of the season in 2007 and 2008. The Mets made the playoffs in 2015 for the first time in nine years, the team again returned to the playoffs in 2016, this time with a wild card berth. This is the teams second playoff appearance, the first occurring during the 1999 and 2000 seasons. With the threat of a New York team joining a new third league, for the first two years of its existence, the team played its home games at the historic Polo Grounds in Upper Manhattan. In 1964, they moved into newly constructed Shea Stadium in Flushing, Queens, in 2009, the club moved into Citi Field, adjacent to the former Shea Stadium site. During their history, the Mets have won two World Series titles, five National League pennants and six National League East titles, the Mets also qualified for the postseason as the National League wild card team in 1999,2000, and 2016. The Mets have appeared in five World Series, more than any other team in MLB history. Their two championships are the most titles among expansion teams, equal to the tallies of the Toronto Blue Jays, Miami Marlins, the Mets held the New York baseball single-season attendance record for 29 years. They broke the Yankees 1948 record by drawing nearly 2.7 million spectators in 1970, the Mets broke their own record five times before the record was regained by the Yankees in 1999. The 1962 Mets posted a 40–120 record, a record for the most losses in a season since 1899, in 1966, the Mets famously bypassed future Hall of Famer Reggie Jackson in the amateur draft, instead selecting Steve Chilcott, who never played in the majors. But the following year, they acquired future Hall of Famer Tom Seaver in a lottery, in 1973, the Mets rallied from 5th place to win the division, despite a record of only 82–79
10.
Boston Red Sox
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The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13, founded in 1901 as one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the Red Sox home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Red Sox name was chosen by the owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had known as the Boston Red Stockings. Boston was a dominant team in the new league, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918. Following their victory in the 2013 World Series, they became the first team to win three World Series trophies in the 21st century, including championships in 2004 and 2007. Red Sox history has also marked by the teams intense rivalry with the Yankees. The Boston Red Sox are owned by Fenway Sports Group, which owns the Liverpool F. C. of the Premier League in England. The Red Sox are consistently one of the top MLB teams in road attendance. From May 15,2003 to April 10,2013, the Red Sox sold out every home game—a total of 820 games for a professional sports record. Neil Diamonds Sweet Caroline has become an anthem for the Red Sox, the name Red Sox, chosen by owner John I. Taylor after the 1907 season, refers to the red hose in the team uniform beginning 1908. Sox had been adopted for the Chicago White Sox by newspapers needing a headline-friendly form of Stockings. The team name Red Sox had previously used as early as 1888 by a colored team from Norfolk. The Spanish language media sometimes refers to the team as Medias Rojas, the official Spanish site uses the variant Los Red Sox. The Red Stockings nickname was first used by a team by the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Managed by Harry Wright, Cincinnati adopted a uniform with white knickers and red stockings and earned the famous nickname, the Boston Red Stockings won four championships in the five seasons of the new National Association, the first professional league. Other names were used before Boston officially adopted the nickname Braves in 1912
11.
Ray Knight
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Charles Ray Knight is an American former right-handed Major League Baseball corner infielder best remembered for his time with the Cincinnati Reds and New York Mets. He is now a studio analyst and occasional game analyst for MASNs coverage of the Washington Nationals, Knight made his major league debut with Cincinnati as a September call-up in 1974. He spent all of 1975 and 1976 with the triple A Indianapolis Indians before returning to the majors in 1977, during that time, the Reds won both World Series titles. Knight responded with a.318 Batting average,10 home runs,79 RBIs and 64 runs scored to finish fifth in National League Most Valuable Player balloting. On May 13,1980, Knight broke out of an 0-for-15 slump by homering twice in the fifth inning of a 15-4 win over the Mets and he was the first Red to ever hit two home runs in one inning. Aaron Boone matched the feat August 9,2002 and he made his first All-star appearance in 1980, hitting a single off Tommy John in his first at-bat. In 1981, Knight batted.259 with six runs and 34 RBIs. Following the season, he was traded to the Houston Astros for César Cedeño to accommodate Johnny Benchs move from behind the plate to third, Knight split his time between third and first base with the Astros. He made the All Star team once again in 1982, and was used at third base in the game, however, he made more appearances at first than he did at third during the regular season. Knight platooned third base with the newly acquired Howard Johnson for the 1985 and 1986 seasons, in his first full season with the Mets, Knight batted only.218 with six home runs and 36 RBIs. During the off-season, the Mets attempted to trade Knight to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Lee Mazzilli, Knight came out of the gate eager to prove the Mets wrong, crushing six home runs and batting.306 with twelve RBIs in the month of April. On July 22, Knight incited a bench clearing brawl at Riverfront Stadium against his former teammates, eric Davis pinch-running for Reds player/manager Pete Rose in the tenth inning stole second and third base. Knight took the throw from Mets catcher Gary Carter late, brought his glove to Davis face, a stare off ensued, followed by a right cross from Knight. The benches emptied and as a result of all the ejections from this fight, back-up catcher Ed Hearn was brought into the game, roger McDowell replaced Jesse Orosco on the mound, and Orosco went into right field. They traded positions with two outs in the eleventh, and McDowell traded positions with left fielder Mookie Wilson with one out in the 12th and this rotation continued for the remainder of the game, which the Mets won in fourteen innings. The Mets won 108 games in 1986 and took the National League East convincingly by 21.5 games over the Phillies, for the season, Knight batted.298 with eleven home runs and 76 RBIs to earn NL Comeback Player of the Year honors. Knight batted only.167 in the 1986 National League Championship Series against his former teammates, in the World Series, however, Knight broke out with a.391 batting average and five RBIs. The Mets won the 1986 World Series in seven games over the Boston Red Sox, the Orioles finished sixth in the American League East in 1987, narrowly avoiding a hundred losses
12.
League Championship Series
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The League Championship Series is the official name for the semifinal round of postseason play in Major League Baseball which has been conducted since 1969. In 1981, and since 1995, the two series have matched up the winners of the Division Series, and the winners advance to meet in the World Series. The LCS comprises the American League Championship Series and National League Championship Series, concomitant with this, both leagues formed Eastern and Western Divisions, the first-place teams from which faced off in the LCS. The disadvantage team would have had more games played at home than on the road if the ends in five games. As of 2017, all 30 MLB teams have reached the LCS at least once, National League Championship Series American League Championship Series League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award
13.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
14.
World Series
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The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a playoff. As the series is played in October, during the season in North America. As of 2016, the World Series has been contested 112 times, with the AL winning 64, the 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs. Seven games were played, with the Cubs victorious after game seven, the final score was 8–7, the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6–6. This was the third World Series won by the Cubs, as well as their first title since 1908, in the National League, the St. As of 2016, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1998,1999, all championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, the number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884, to a high of fifteen in 1887. Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game, the series was promoted and referred to as The Championship of the United States, Worlds Championship Series, or Worlds Series for short. In his book Krakatoa, The Day the World Exploded, August 27,1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed. Until about 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on a basis with the post-19th-century series. After about 1930, however, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903, following the collapse of the American Association after the 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league. The league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between half-season champions and this scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897, the league played the runners-up in the post season championship series called the Temple Cup. A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, in 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and these series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s Worlds Series matches had been
15.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
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Los Angeles Angels
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The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are an American professional baseball team based in Anaheim, California. The Angels compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League West division. The Angels have played games at Angel Stadium of Anaheim since 1966. Wrigley, the owner of the Chicago Cubs at the time, in 2009, the Angels won the AL West division championship for the third straight season. The team name started in 1892, in 1903, the name continued in L. A. through the PCL. After the Angels joined the Major Leagues, some players from the Angels PCL team joined the Major League Angels in 1961. The Angels were one of two teams established as a result of the 1961 Major League Baseball expansion, along with the second incarnation of the Washington Senators. The team then moved in 1962 to newly built Dodger Stadium, which the Angels referred to as Chavez Ravine, the teams founder, entertainer Gene Autry, owned the franchise for its first 36 years. During Autrys ownership, the made the playoffs three times, but never won the pennant. When The Walt Disney Company took control of the team in 1997, it extensively renovated Anaheim Stadium, the City of Anaheim contributed $30 million to the $118 million renovation with a renegotiated lease providing that the names of both the stadium and team contain the word Anaheim. The team was renamed the Anaheim Angels and became a subsidiary of Disney Sports, under Disneys ownership and the leadership of manager Mike Scioscia, the Angels won their first pennant and World Series championship in 2002. In 2005, new owner Arturo Moreno added Los Angeles to the name in order to better tap into the teams history. He also stated that as Los Angeles is the second largest market in the U. S. its addition would benefit the team greatly. In compliance with the terms of its lease with the city of Anaheim, which required Anaheim be a part of the teams name, local media in Southern California tend to omit a geographic identifier and refer to the team as the Angels or as the Halos. The Associated Press, the most prominent news service in the U. S. refers to the team as the Los Angeles Angels, the mantra Win One for the Cowboy is a staple that is deeply rooted in Angels history for fans. The saying refers to the Angels founder and previous owner, Gene Autry, years went by as the team experienced many losses just strikes away from American League pennants. Autrys #26 was retired as the 26th man on the field for the Angels, Angel Stadium of Anaheim is nicknamed The Big A. It has a section in center field nicknamed the California Spectacular, each game begins with the song Calling All Angels by Train being played on the P. A. with Norman Greenbaums Spirit in the Sky being played during the teams starting lineup announcement
17.
Houston Astros
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The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros are members of the American League West division in Major League Baseball, the Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000. The Astros were established as the Houston Colt. 45s and entered the National League in 1962 with the expansion New York Mets. The current name—reflecting Houstons role as the center of the U. S. space program—was adopted three years later, when they moved into the Astrodome, the worlds first domed sports stadium. The Astros played in the NL from 1962 to 2012 and they played in the West division from 1969 to 1993, and the Central division from 1994 to 2012. The Astros have played in one World Series in 2005 against the Chicago White Sox, from 1888 until 1961, Houstons professional baseball club was the minor league Houston Buffaloes. Although expansion from the National League eventually brought an MLB team to Texas in 1962, Houston officials had been making efforts to do so for years prior. There were four men responsible for bringing Major League Baseball to Houston, George Kirksey and Craig Cullinan. They formed the Houston Sports Association as their vehicle for attaining a big league franchise for the city of Houston and they called the new league the Continental League. Wanting to protect potential new markets, both existing leagues chose to expand from eight teams to ten, however, plans eventually fell through for the Houston franchise after the Houston Buffaloes owner, Marty Marion, could not come to an agreement with the HSA to sell the team. To make matters worse, the Continental League as a whole folded in August 1960, however, on October 17,1960, the National League granted an expansion franchise to the Houston Sports Association in which their team could begin play in the 1962 season. Eventually, the Houston Sports Association succeeded in purchasing the Houston Buffaloes, at this point majority-owned by William Hopkins, the Buffs played one last minor league season as the top farm team of the Chicago Cubs in 1961 before being succeeded by the citys NL club. The new Houston team was named the Colt. 45s after a Name The Team contest was won by William Irving Neder, the Colt.45 was well known as the gun that won the west. The colors selected were blue and orange. The first team was formed mostly through a draft after the 1961 season. The Colt. 45s and their cousins, the New York Mets. Many of those associated with the Houston Buffaloes organization were allowed by the ownership to continue in the major league, Manager Harry Craft, who had joined Houston in 1961, remained in the same position for the team until the end of the 1964 season. General manager Spec Richardson also continued with the organization as business manager, similarly, the radio broadcasting team remained with the new Houston major league franchise
18.
Mike Scott (baseball)
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Michael Warren Mike Scott is an American former right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball for the New York Mets and the Houston Astros. He won the National League Cy Young Award in 1986, Scott is part of a select group of pitchers that have thrown a no-hitter and struck out 300 batters in the same season. Scott was selected by the Mets in the round of the 1976 Major League Baseball draft. He made his Major League debut with the Mets in 1979, the Mets traded Scott to the Astros for Danny Heep on December 11,1982. By the end of the 1982 season, Scott had compiled a 14-27 major league record and was happy to be traded away from the Mets, Scott continued to struggle in his first two seasons with the Astros, going 15-17. The turning point in Scotts career came in 1985, when he became a student of legendary pitching coach Roger Craig, Craig taught Scott the split-finger fastball, a pitch he had made famous while coaching the pitchers of the 1984 World Series champion Detroit Tigers. Scott became an 18-game winner in 1985 and was rewarded with a new deal with the Astros. Scott enjoyed his most successful season in 1986, when he posted an 18-10 record with a 2.22 ERA, striking out a league-leading 306 batters. In addition, on September 25 of that season, he threw a 2-0 no-hitter against the San Francisco Giants at the Astrodome to clinch the National League West division title for the Astros. This game was voted one of the top five games played in the Astrodome after the Astros moved to Enron Field following the 1999 season and he led a strong starting rotation consisting of pitchers Bob Knepper, Nolan Ryan, and Jim Deshaies. Scotts outstanding form continued into the postseason, when Houston faced the Eastern Division champion New York Mets in the 1986 National League Championship Series, the New York Mets aggressively made their suspicions to the media in 1986. The Mets did win that Game 6 in sixteen innings—averting another Scott start—to win the league pennant, in recognition of his regular season performance, Scott was awarded the 1986 National League Cy Young Award as the leagues best pitcher. Additionally, Scott was voted the NL1986 NLCS MVP, the first time in NLCS history that a member of the team was so honored. In 1987, Scott was the National League starter in the All-Star Game and he was also the opening day starter for the Astros. In 1988, Scott once more was named the Astros opening day starter, on June 12, he was denied a second no-hitter when the Atlanta Braves Ken Oberkfell singled to right with two outs in the ninth inning. In 1989, Scott won 20 games and finished second in NL Cy Young Award voting and he was for the third consecutive time, the opening day starter for the Astros. Injuries began to plague him shortly thereafter, Scott retired after the 1991 season. As of the 2014 season, Mike is fourth all-time for the Astros in wins and fifth in strikeouts,1992 his jersey #33 has been retired by the Astros
19.
Major League Baseball All-Star Game
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The game usually occurs on either the second or third Tuesday in July, and is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the MLB season. Both of the major leagues share a common All-Star break, with no games scheduled on the day before or two days after the All-Star Game itself. Some additional events and festivities associated with the game take place each year close to, no official MLB All-Star Game was held in 1945 including the official selection of players due to World War II travel restrictions. The first All-Star Game was held on July 6,1933 as part of the 1933 Worlds Fair in Chicago, at Comiskey Park and was initiated by Arch Ward, initially intended to be a one-time event, its great success resulted in making the game an annual one. The venue for the All-Star Game is chosen by Major League Baseball, the criteria for the venue are subjective, generally, cities with new ballparks and those who have not hosted the game in a long time—or ever—tend to get selected. New York City has hosted more than any city, having done so nine times in five different stadiums. At the same time, the New York Mets failed to host for 48 seasons, in the first two decades of the game there were two pairs of teams that shared ballparks, located in Philadelphia and St. Louis. This led to some shorter-than-usual gaps between the use of venues, The Cardinals hosted the game in 1940, and the Browns in 1948. The Athletics hosted the game in 1943, and the Phillies in 1952, the venues traditionally alternate between the American League and National League every year. This tradition has been several times, The first time was in 1951. Detroit Tigers were chosen to host the game as part of the citys 250th birthday. The second was when the format during the 1959–1962 seasons resulted in the A. L. being one game ahead in turn. This was corrected in 2007, when the N. L, San Francisco Giants were the host for the 2007 All-Star Game, which also set up the 2008 game to be held at the A. L. s Yankee Stadium in its final season. This decision was made following the announcement of Miami as host for the 2017 All Star Game, the coaching staff for each team is selected by its manager. This honor is given to the manager, not the team and this happened in 2003, when Dusty Baker managed the National League team despite having moved from the National League champion San Francisco Giants to the Chicago Cubs. This has also included situations where the person is no longer actively managing a team, mcGraw came out of retirement for that purpose. Dick Williams resigned after managing the Oakland Athletics to the 1973 World Series, in 1974, he became manager of the California Angels, whose uniform he wore for the game. Tony La Russa, who managed the World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals in 2011, in 1979, Bob Lemon managed the American League team after having been fired by New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner
20.
Astrodome
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The NRG Astrodome, also known as the Houston Astrodome or simply The Astrodome, is the worlds first multi-purpose, domed sports stadium, located in Houston, Texas. Construction on the began in 1962, and it officially opened in 1965. Additionally, the Astrodome was the venue of the Houston Livestock Show. When opened, it was named the Harris County Domed Stadium and was nicknamed the Eighth Wonder of the World, while originally utilizing a natural grass playing surface, the Astrodome became the first major sports venue to feature artificial turf, which became known as AstroTurf. In another technological first, the Astrodome featured the Astrolite, which was the first animated scoreboard, the Astrodome received considerable renovations in 1988 that significantly expanded seating, and altered many original features. By the 1990s, the Astrodome was becoming obsolete, unable to secure a new stadium, Oilers owner Bud Adams moved the team to Tennessee after the 1996 season, where they eventually became the Tennessee Titans. Although it no longer had any primary tenants, the venue regularly hosted events during the 2000s, the Astrodome was declared non-compliant with fire code by the Houston Fire Department in 2008 and parts of it were demolished in 2013 after several years of disuse. In 2014 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in 2017, the Texas Historical Commission designated the Astrodome a State Antiquities Landmark. Major League Baseball expanded to Houston in 1960 when the National League agreed to add two teams, the Houston Colt. 45s were to begin play in 1962, along with their expansion brethren New York Mets. Roy Hofheinz, a mayor of Houston, and his group were granted the franchise after they promised to build a covered stadium. It was thought a covered stadium was a must for a league team to be viable in Houston due to the areas subtropical climate. Game-time temperatures are usually above 97 °F in July and August, with high humidity, Hofheinz abandoned his interest in the worlds first air-conditioned shopping mall, The Galleria, and set his sights on bringing major league baseball to Houston. The Astrodome was designed by architects Hermon Lloyd & W. B, morgan, and Wilson, Morris, Crain and Anderson. Structural engineering and structural design was performed by Walter P Moore Engineers and it was constructed by H. A. Lott, Inc. for Harris County, Texas. It stands 18 stories tall, covering 9.5 acres, the dome is 710 feet in diameter and the ceiling is 208 feet above the playing surface, which itself sits 25 feet below street level. The scoreboard, eventually known as the Astrolite, was designed by Fair Play Scoreboards of Des Moines, having designed the scoreboard for Dodger Stadium several years prior, team owner Roy Hofheinz was not impressed with the initial proposal for a much more generic type of scoreboard. Project designer Jack Foster teamed up with a creative professional based in Kansas City to create the first animated scoreboard and its reported cost was $2.1 million. The Dome was completed in November 1964, six ahead of schedule
21.
Roger Clemens
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William Roger Clemens, nicknamed Rocket, is a retired American baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball for four teams. Clemens was one of the most dominant pitchers in major league history, tallying 354 wins, a 3.12 earned run average, and 4,672 strikeouts, the third-most all time. An 11-time All-Star and two-time World Series champion, he won seven Cy Young Awards during his career, Clemens was known for his fierce competitive nature and hard-throwing pitching style, which he used to intimidate batters. Clemens debuted in the leagues in 1984 with the Boston Red Sox. In 1986, he won the American League Cy Young Award, the AL Most Valuable Player Award, and the All-Star Game MVP Award, after the 1996 season, Clemens left Boston via free agency and joined the Toronto Blue Jays. In each of his two seasons with Toronto, Clemens won a Cy Young Award, as well as the triple crown by leading the league in wins, ERA. Prior to the 1999 season, Clemens was traded to the New York Yankees where he won his two World Series titles, in 2003, he reached his 300th win and 4, 000th strikeout in the same game. Clemens left for the Houston Astros in 2004, where he spent three seasons and won his seventh Cy Young Award and he rejoined the Yankees in 2007 for one last season before retiring. Clemens was alleged by the Mitchell Report to have used steroids during his late career. Clemens firmly denied these allegations under oath before the United States Congress, leading congressional leaders to refer his case to the Justice Department on suspicions of perjury. On August 19,2010, a grand jury at the U. S. District Court in Washington, D. C. indicted Clemens on six felony counts involving perjury, false statements. Clemens pleaded not guilty, but proceedings were complicated by prosecutorial misconduct, the verdict from his second trial came in June 2012. Clemens was found not guilty on all six counts of lying to Congress in 2008, Clemens was born in Dayton, Ohio, the fifth child of Bill and Bess Clemens. He is of German descent, his great-grandfather Joseph Clemens having immigrated in the 1880s, Clemens parents separated when he was an infant. His mother soon married Woody Booher, whom Clemens considers his father, Booher died when Clemens was nine years old, and Clemens has said that the only time he ever felt envious of other players was when he saw them in the clubhouse with their fathers. Clemens lived in Vandalia, Ohio, until 1977, and then spent most of his school years in Houston. At Spring Woods High School, Clemens played baseball for head coach Charles Maiorana. He was scouted by the Philadelphia Phillies and Minnesota Twins during his senior year and he began his college career pitching for San Jacinto College North in 1981, where he was 9–2
22.
Caribbean Series
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The tournament location is rotated annually among the countries and is normally played in February after all of the leagues have ended their national tournaments. The 2014 Caribbean Series was held at Estadio Nueva Esparta in Margarita Island, Cuba accepted an invitation to take part as a guest in the tournament. The Series would stay with the five teams in 2015. The representatives then agreed to stage a four-country, round-robin tournament 12-game to be known as the Serie del Caribe, the Series ran annually from 1949 through 1960, with Cuba winning seven times. However, the event was cancelled after Fidel Castro dissolved all professional baseball in Cuba in 1961 and it was not until 1970 when the Caribbean Series was revived. Moreover, the 1981 Caribbean Series was not held due to a Venezuelan League players strike, starting with the 2013 Caribbean Series, a final match was introduced where the two teams with the best win-loss record from the round robin first stage would meet to define the champion. Jefferson, Caracas, Venezuela, Impresos Urbina, C. A, enciclopedia del Béisbol en Venezuela – 1895–2006. Béisbol en Cuba Caribbean Baseball Hall of Fame Cuban Teams in the Caribbean Series Historia de las Series del Caribe Las Series del Caribe Sobre el Diamante
