1.
Bay Area Rapid Transit
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Bay Area Rapid Transit is a public transportation system serving the San Francisco Bay Area. The rapid transit elevated and subway system connects San Francisco with cities in Alameda, Contra Costa, BART operates 5 routes on 104 miles of track connecting 45 stations, plus a 3. 2-mile automated guideway transit line to the Oakland International Airport which adds an additional station. A spur line in eastern Contra Costa County will utilize other rail technologies, with an average of 433,000 weekday passengers and 128.5 million annual passengers in fiscal year 2016, BART is the fifth-busiest heavy rail rapid transit system in the United States. The systems acronym is pronounced Bart, like the name, BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District, formed in 1957. As of 2017, it is being expanded to San Jose with the consecutive Warm Springs, some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit Systems current coverage area was once served by an electrified streetcar and suburban train system called the Key System. This early 20th-century system once had regular trans-bay traffic across the deck of the Bay Bridge. By the mid-1950s, that system had been dismantled in favor of highway travel, a new rapid-transit system was proposed to take the place of the Key System during the late 1940s, and formal planning for it began in the 1950s. Some funding was secured for the BART system in 1959, passenger service began on September 11,1972, initially just between MacArthur and Fremont. All nine Bay Area counties were involved in the planning and envisioned to be connected by BART, before the system began revenue service, serious problems in the design and operation of the Automatic Train Control system were observed. Three engineers working for BART, Max Blankenzee, Robert Bruder, BART management was dismissive of their concerns, so the three took the issue to the board of directors. All but two of the directors voted in February 1972 to support management and reject the safety concerns, management retaliated against the engineers, firing them in March 1972. The IEEE later filed the first amicus brief in its history to support the engineers. The California Society of Professional Engineers reported to the California State Senate in June 1972 that there were serious safety risks with the ATC. Legislative analyst A. Alan Post, opened an investigation immediately, an ATC failure caused the train to run off the end of the elevated track and crash to the ground, injuring four people on-board, and drawing national and international attention. The “Fremont Flyer” led to a redesign of the train controls. The California State Public Utilities Commission imposed stringent oversight over train operations, the legislative analyst issued the first of three “Post Reports” in November 1972. The report was “sharply critical” of BART, finding that the ATC system was unreliable, the ATC program was mismanaged, and “no solution was in sight. ”The report accused BART of paying excessive fees for engineering services. BART’s general manager called the indictment of safety in the Post Report “not only disappointing, telephone calls were placed manually between stations, instead
2.
Oakland, California
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Oakland /ˈoʊklənd/ is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. The city was incorporated in 1852, Oaklands territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Its land served as a resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the citys population, increasing its housing stock and it continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry. Oakland is known for its sustainability practices, including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources, in addition, due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century, along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s. Oakland is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. The earliest known inhabitants were the Huchiun Indians, who lived there for thousands of years, the Huchiun belonged to a linguistic grouping later called the Ohlone. In Oakland, they were concentrated around Lake Merritt and Temescal Creek, in 1772, the area that later became Oakland was claimed, with the rest of California, by Spanish settlers for the King of Spain. In the early 19th century, the Spanish crown granted the East Bay area to Luis María Peralta for his Rancho San Antonio, the grant was confirmed by the successor Mexican republic upon its independence from Spain. Upon his death in 1842, Peralta divided his land among his four sons, Most of Oakland fell within the shares given to Antonio Maria and Vicente. The portion of the parcel that is now Oakland was called encinal—Spanish for oak grove—due to the oak forest that covered the area. In 1851, three men—Horace Carpentier, Edson Adams, and Andrew Moon—began developing what is now downtown Oakland, on May 4,1852, the Town of Oakland incorporated. Two years later, on March 25,1854, Oakland re-incorporated as the City of Oakland, with Horace Carpentier elected the first mayor, the city and its environs quickly grew with the railroads, becoming a major rail terminal in the late 1860s and 1870s. In 1868, the Central Pacific constructed the Oakland Long Wharf at Oakland Point, a number of horsecar and cable car lines were constructed in Oakland during the latter half of the 19th century. The first electric streetcar set out from Oakland to Berkeley in 1891, at the time of incorporation, Oakland consisted of the territory that lay south of todays major intersection of San Pablo Avenue, Broadway, and Fourteenth Street. The city gradually annexed farmlands and settlements to the east and the north, Oaklands rise to industrial prominence, and its subsequent need for a seaport, led to the digging of a shipping and tidal channel in 1902. This resulted in the town of Alameda being made an island
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Side platform
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A side platform is a platform positioned to the side of a pair of tracks at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. Dual side platform stations, one for direction of travel, is the basic station design used for double-track railway lines. Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with a platform where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track. In some stations, the two platforms are connected by a footbridge running above and over the tracks. While a pair of platforms is often provided on a dual-track line. Where the station is close to a crossing the platforms may either be on the same side of the crossing road or alternatively may be staggered in one of two ways. With the near-side platforms configuration, each platform appears before the intersection, in some situations a single side platform can be served by multiple vehicles simultaneously with a scissors crossing provided to allow access mid-way along its length. Normally, the facilities of the station are located on the Up platform with the other platform accessed from a footbridge. However, in cases the stations main buildings are located on whichever side faces the town or village the station serves. Larger stations may have two platforms with several island platforms in between. Some are in a Spanish solution format, with two platforms and an island platform in between, serving two tracks
5.
Island platform
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An island platform is a station layout arrangement where a single platform is positioned between two tracks within a railway station, tram stop or transitway interchange. Island platforms are popular on twin-track routes due to pragmatic and cost-effective reasons, an alternative arrangement is to position side platforms on either side of the tracks. The historical use of island platforms depends greatly upon the location, the island platform layout is a popular, cost-effective and practical solution in modern railway systems. Island platforms allow facilities such as escalators, elevators, shops, toilets and this is essential for wheelchair accessible stations. An island platform makes it easier for users and the infirm to change services between tracks. Additionally, an island platform layout eliminates the need to construct a crossover or subway between two platforms, however, island platforms may become overcrowded, especially at busy stations, and this can lead to safety issues such as Clapham Common and Angel on the London Underground. However, for the tracks to diverge around the platform, extra width is required along the right-of-way on each approach to the station. Track centers vary for rail systems throughout the world but are normally 3 to 5 meters, if the island platform is 6 meters wide, the tracks have to slew out by the same distance. While this is not a problem on a new line that is being constructed, in addition, a single island platform makes it quite difficult to have through tracks, which are usually between the local tracks. A common configuration in busy locations on high speed lines is a pair of island platforms, high-speed trains can therefore pass straight through the station, while slow trains pass around the platforms. This arrangement also allows the station to serve as a point where trains can be passed by faster trains. The purpose of this design was to reduce unnecessary passenger congestion at a station with a high volume of passengers. Many of the stations on the Great Central Railway were constructed in this form and this was because the line was planned to connect to a Channel Tunnel. Island platforms are a normal sight on Indian railway stations. Almost all railway stations in India consist of island platforms, in Toronto,29 subway stations use island platforms. A slight disadvantage is that crossovers have to be rather long, in southern New Jersey and Philadelphia, PATCO uses island platforms in all of its 13 stations, to facilitate one-person train operation. Most elevated stations in Singapores Mass Rapid Transit system use island platforms, the exception is Dover MRT Station, which uses side platforms as it is built on an existing rail line. The planned Canberra MRT Station will also use side platforms, as it also be built on an existing rail line
6.
AC Transit
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AC Transit is an Oakland-based public transit agency serving the western portions of Alameda and Contra Costa counties in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. AC Transit also operates Transbay routes across San Francisco Bay to San Francisco and selected areas in San Mateo, AC Transit is constituted as a special district under California law. It is governed by seven elected members and it is not a part of or under the control of Alameda or Contra Costa counties or any local jurisdictions. Buses operate out of three operating divisions, Emeryville, East Oakland, and Hayward, the Operations Control Center is located in Emeryville. The Richmond operating division closed in 2011, the District is the public successor to the privately owned Key System. The Districts bus lines also serve parts of some other East Bay communities, including Milpitas, Pinole, most routes connect with regional train service, primarily BART, in addition to ACE and Amtrak, including the Capitol Corridor. While most AC Transit service consists of lines throughout the East Bay. Most of these run across the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to connect communities as distant as El Sobrante, Bus service is also provided across the San Mateo and Dumbarton bridges to the south. AC Transits primary hubs include BART stations, major shopping centers, and points of interest, most routes serve and/or terminate at BART stations, providing convenience for transit users. The hubs include, See also AC Transits page on fares and passes or AC Transits page on bus fares, on July 1,2014, AC Transit introduced a Day Pass, designed for customers taking more than two local buses in a day. The pass is good for unlimited rides on local routes from 3,01 a. m. to 3,00 a. m. Customers can obtain a Day Pass in one of two ways, Using Clipper, Customers keep cash value on their card. Once fares equalling the Day Pass price have been deducted, the Day Pass automatically activates, on subsequent rides, the card is tagged but no additional fare is deducted. On-Board, Customers deposit the amount in the farebox and request a Day Pass from the bus operator. On subsequent rides, the pass is swiped at the farebox, AC Transit fares are structured to promote the use of Clipper. Not only are local bus rides cheaper, but certain interagency transfers and day passes are easier to obtain, monthly passes are only available on Clipper. Local BART-to-bus transfer, $0.25 cash discount to and from BART with paper transfer issued at BART, applied as $0.50 Clipper discount on bus trip away from BART only. To transfer from AC Transit to another bus agency without Clipper, to transfer from another bus agency to AC Transit without Clipper, ask the other bus driver for a transfer. Notes, All fares are in USD,1 Issued upon request when full price is paid
7.
All Nighter (bus service)
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The All Nighter is a night bus service network in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. Portions of the shadow the rapid transit and commuter rail services of BART and Caltrain. BART and Caltrain do not operate owl service so that maintenance can be performed. The slogan is, Now transit stays up as late as you do, the service launched initially in December 2005, and fully launched in March 2006. BART and Caltrain riders who previously faced uncoordinated substitute bus service after midnight can now take advantage of the coordinated All Nighter bus service. The service is operated by AC Transit, Muni, SamTrans, the agencies have a network of timed transfers, and half-hourly weekend service was implemented between downtown San Francisco and several BART stations along the Richmond and Fremont lines. AC Transit Route 800 operates along Market Street in San Francisco, the service is funded by Regional Measure 2, which voters approved in 2004. The measure increased tolls by $1 on state-owned bridges in the Bay Area, the All Nighter service initially included County Connection Route 820, which operated between downtown Oakland and central Contra Costa County. This route was discontinued in December 2008 due to budgetary problems and it also included WHEELS Route 810, which operated between Bay Fair BART in San Leandro and Livermore via Dublin/Pleasanton BART. This route was discontinued in June 2009 due to budgetary problems, additional service from Bay Fair BART to Castro Valley BART via AC Transit Route 880 was discontinued in March 2010 due to that agencys budgetary problems. Weekend service to Pittsburg/Bay Point BART via AC Transit Line 822 was discontinued in December 2015 due to low ridership, overnight transit service throughout the Bay Area predated the All Nighter initiative. AC Transits long-standing overnight service was withdrawn in 1996 and then restored and expanded in later years. SamTrans introduced overnight service to SFO in 2001 and maintained it with a subsidy from the airport starting in 2003, VTA introduced overnight service on Route 22 and the light rail network, but later withdrew overnight light rail service due to financial difficulties. Golden Gate Transit, which had offered an essentially 24-hour service on Route 80 to Santa Rosa. 24-hour service was one of the issues considered in the Metropolitan Transportation Commissions Lifeline study, Service in Contra Costa and Alameda counties is provided by AC Transit. AC Transit also operates Transbay service to and from San Francisco over the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, Service in San Francisco is provided by the San Francisco Municipal Railway. Service on the Peninsula is provided by SamTrans in San Mateo County with connections to San Francisco, Service in the South Bay is provided by the VTA in Santa Clara County between Palo Alto and San Jose. All Nighter service generally operates daily between midnight and 5 a. m, AC Transits Transbay service operates until 6 a. m. on Saturdays and 8 a. m. on Sundays and designated holidays to correspond with the times BART is not operating
8.
Bicycle parking station
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A bicycle parking station is a building or structure designed for use as a bicycle parking facility. Such a facility can be as simple as a bike cage or shed or as complex as a purpose-built multi-level building. Bicycle parking stations also go by such as bike stations, bicycle centers and cycle centers. Bicycle parking stations can offer additional facilities such as bicycle repairs, Some are staffed while others are not. Some require users to join as members while others are on a per use basis or completely free of charge, advanced bicycle parking station provide protection from weather, thieves and vandalism not only for the vehicle but also for the helmets and other personal belongings. In order to use less space, they store the vehicles vertically. It is important that the time is short, even if several users want to store or transfer their bicycles at the same time. Bicycle parking stations are operated by local governments or municipalities or they can be private businesses run by bike shops or non-profit bicycle advocacy organizations. More than half of them in the U. S. are operated by Bikestation, a bicycle parking station almost always has the following basic attributes, indoor or sheltered bike parking, and bicycle parking racks to lock bicycles to. They can also additionally have any of the following, security, In terms of secure access to prevent theft or vandalism, a bike station could have, on-site staff during the day, a gate or door secured by key or by electronic card access. g. About cycling routes or nearby points of interest, Some may even provide classes, e. g. bike maintenance or local area knowledge. Bike services, Some bike stations have staff who are able to carry out simple or complex repairs for a fee. This is very handy for commuters who can leave their bike there in the morning, regardless of whether repairs are available at a station or not, the station may also provide, parts and accessories for sale air pump for self-repair of flat tyres bicycle rental. Business models, As for pricing, bike stations can be completely free-of-charge, pay per use or by membership/subscription only, or indeed by any other financial model. To reiterate, bicycle parking stations can be, a user pays service, In this case stations cost money to use, the following is a list of selected bicycle parking stations located in several countries around the world, often at train stations. These cages are accessible via registered swipe card only and most have bike racks for 26 bicycles each, new bicycle parking to be constructed from 2014-2018, for 12,500 bikes, costing €48 million. Spain Blanes - Biceberg system at the bus station, huesca - Biceberg system on Av de Juan XXIII. Vitoria - Biceberg system at Club Deportivo Mendizorrotza, Vitoria-Gasteiz, zaragoza - Biceberg system, one facility in Plaza San Pedro Nolasco, and a second facility in Calle Menéndez Pelayo
9.
Bicycle locker
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A bicycle locker or bike box is a locker or box in which a single bicycle can be placed and locked in. They are usually provided at places where numerous cyclists need bike parking for extended times, Bike boxes are considered the highest standard of bike safety because they prevent not only theft, but also casual vandalism. Lockers are usually either rectangular boxes or formed as triangles where the handlebars of the bicycle are on the side of the triangle. Triangle wedged shaped lockers can also be combined to form a box with two individual lockers facing back to back. They can also be arranged in a pattern around a centre point or fanning out from a corner. Some lockers can also be installed in a straight line standing shoulder to shoulder, some rarer types are either upright like school lockers or are stacked twice high, with some attendant difficulties in inserting and removing bikes in the top row. Bike Lockers are usually built with solid sides to protect against weather, vandalism, however, problems encountered with this approach have led to newer designs which incorporate windows or grilles through which inspection staff can see inside. Bike box locks depend on whether the boxes are rented out on a fixed period basis and those which are rented out for a set period of time usually come with a specific key. Those which are usable on a casual basis either allow the door to be locked by a padlock brought along by the user. Statistics from the BART rail system suggest that the capacity of an on-demand locker bank is 7-10 times higher than a similar sized exclusive locker bank. Automated bicycle parking is becoming common in Europe. These systems often store the bikes underground and usually function with users using a microchip card, one mechanized system is the Bike Tree. When a user presents a card, a motor lowers a hook from the top of the tree. The front wheel of the cycle is attached to the hook, the system was pioneered by Bicycle Tree International, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, a company which has however since ceased operations. Bicycle parking Bicycle stand Bicycle tree Sucker pole
10.
Millbrae station
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The Millbrae Intermodal Terminal is an at-grade Bay Area Rapid Transit and Caltrain station located in suburban Millbrae, California, in northern San Mateo County. It was expected to support over 30,000 BART trips per day, Millbrae Station is the largest intermodal terminal in the United States west of the Mississippi. It has three tracks for BART and two for Caltrain. An island platform allows a connection between the two systems. A concourse mezzanine is above the platforms, currently two BART tracks and one island platform usually are kept out of regular service, used instead to hold train sets that are also out of service. The station is also a bus transit hub with multiple bus bays served by several SamTrans lines. Millbrae Station has about 2,900 parking spaces, including a parking garage. The Reserved Parking areas cost $2/day from 10am-3pm on weekdays, a free Library-a-Go-Go Peninsula Library System library book vending machine was added in May 2011. The station has daily Caltrain commuter rail service along the line between San Jose and San Francisco. Midday trains are hourly each way, service is frequent during commute hours. Service south of San Jose to Gilroy is limited to three weekday round trips. Passengers who board the train without a ticket are subject to fines of up to $250 plus court fees. Passengers who use the electronic Clipper card to ride the Caltrain must remember to tag on their card prior to boarding, if they board the train without tagging on, they will be subject to the same fines. In addition, Caltrain passengers are charged the maximum one way fare when they tag on prior to boarding the train, if passengers who use the Clipper card forget to tag off when they exit the train, they will be charged the highest cash fare from point of origin. In 2015, construction began on the rail system. If completed as planned, Millbrae would serve as one of one or two stations between San Francisco and San Jose, and would allow high-speed rail passengers to reach SFO via BART. $290 million has been allocated to lengthen the platforms for connection to High Speed Rail, before the Millbrae Intermodal Terminal was built for the BART San Mateo Extension terminus Millbrae had a free Caltrain shuttle bus between the station and San Francisco International Airport. The former Southern Pacific Depot has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 1,1978, in 1985 Caltrain service began at the original Millbrae depot, replacing Southern Pacific trains that had operated along the San Francisco Peninsula since the early 20th century
11.
Daly City station
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Daly City is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station located in extreme northern San Mateo County, California, in suburban Daly City, less than one block outside the San Francisco city and county limits. Interstate 280 and California Route 1 run along the immediate west side of the station, the elevated station serves as a terminus for some BART lines. It consists of three tracks with a shared island platform and one side platform. The side platform is used primarily by southbound trains continuing on to Colma, the island platform is used primarily by northbound trains coming from Colma or Milbrae, or southbound trains terminating at the station. Southbound trains terminating at Daly City reverse their direction to make the trip to San Francisco. The station also has a service that makes round trips to San Francisco State University. Service at this station began on November 5,1973, technically, Fremont and Dublin/Pleasanton passengers coming out of the Millbrae/SFO line can transfer for trains at Daly City because Platforms 1 and 2 are for East Bay passengers. Several SamTrans and Muni lines stop and/or terminate at the station, 14R-Mission Rapid - weekday peak-period service to Mission and this line also serves the South of Market area, Mission District, Bernal Heights, Excelsior, and Crocker-Amazon. Also serves San Francisco State University, Golden Gate Park, 28R-19th Avenue Rapid - weekday peak-period service to Chestnut and Fillmore Streets in San Franciscos Marina District, serving the Parkmerced, Sunset, and Richmond districts. This bus line provides service to Route 28, but provides limited stop service. 54-Felton - daily local service to the Bayview/Hunters Point district via Lake Merced, Ingleside, Excelsior, Mission, Bernal Heights, Visitacion Valley, also serves City College of San Francisco and Balboa Park Station. 57-Parkmerced - daily local service to West Portal Station and Lakeshore Plaza at Sloat and 36th Avenue, serving West Portal, Stonestown Galleria, Parkmerced, Sunset, and Lake Merced. 110 - daily service to Linda Mar Shopping Center via Westlake Shopping Center, Pacific Manor Shopping Center, Eureka Square Shopping Center,120 - daily service to Colma BART and Brunswick & Templeton via Westlake District, Skyline Plaza Shopping Center, Serramonte Shopping Center, and Serra Center. 130 - daily service to Colma BART via Mission Street and Hillside Drive, ECR - daily service to Palo Alto Caltrain via Top of the Hill, Mission Street, and the El Camino Real corridor. A free shuttle service, it operates from 6, 30am to 11, 40am and from 3, 20pm to 8, Seton Shuttle to Seton Medical Center. The service operates from 6am to 9am and from noon to 7pm weekdays only, redi-Wheels, SamTrans paratransit service, also operates to the station with waiting shelters located next to the parking garage. San Francisco State University operates a shuttle between its campus and the station five days a week. Service is from 7 AM to 10,30 PM Monday through Thursday, list of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Daly City Station Overview Transit unlimited profile
12.
MacArthur station (BART)
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MacArthur is a rapid transit station of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system in Oakland, California, United States. It is the largest station in the BART system, being the one with four platform tracks in regular use. Service through MacArthur is timed for cross-platform transfers between the lines that pass through the station. MacArthur station is in North Oakland, in the median of Route 24 just north of its interchange with I-580, the surrounding area is mostly low-density residential, making MacArthur station a commuting hub. The current plan calls for 624 residential units as well as 42,500 square feet of retail space, the redevelopment is supported by the Bay Area Rapid Transit District board member, Lynette Sweet. Connecting AC Transit transit lines at this station include Line 31 to Alameda Point and 57 to Foothill Square, MacArthur station opened on September 11,1972, as the northern terminus of the inaugural BART line, which ran to Fremont. Upon the opening of the Transbay Tube, the station began to serve Cross-Bay trains to San Francisco, MacArthur station was built with cross-platform interchanges in mind. There are two platforms and four tracks. Platforms 3 and 4 serve the Pittsburg/Bay Point-SFO/Millbrae line, Platform 3 goes Northbound toward Pittsburg/Bay Point, connections between the lines are timed for Southbound passengers between Platforms 2 and 4. This is not the case for Northbound passengers, as a transfer point already exists further south at 19th Street Station. MacArthur tends to be crowded in the due to high transfer volume between two lines where only a few people get off while many are trying to board. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations Official BART station page
13.
Richmond station (California)
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Richmond Station is an at-grade Bay Area Rapid Transit and Amtrak station located in Richmond, California. Each system is served by an island platform, the Capitol Corridor, San Joaquins, and California Zephyr stop here and connect to BART. The station was rebuilt and rededicated on October 18,2007, the Metro Walk - Richmond Transit Village is adjacent, north of the station is a BART rail yard. This station has identified as an important hub in the transportation network for metropolitan. Around that same time the Southern Pacific Railroad opened a station just south of the current station at MacDonald Avenue, BART service at this station began along dedicated tracks that paralleled the SP line on January 29,1973. Amtrak service to the station started, using the SP lines tracks, a station house for the Amtrak service was constructed in 1984. A transit village and rebuild of the approach to the station was started in 2007. A transit store opened at the station in August 2008, joining other major stations in the system, the Coast Starlight no longer stops at Richmond as of January 14,2013. The station is served by two bus agencies, AC Transit provides a variety of local and regional service. Routes 70,71, 72M,74, and 76 provide local intra-city service and also feeder service into the BART, routes 376 and 800 both provide late night service. It is the route in the All Nighter regional Bay Area network. There is also a free Kaiser Shuttle service to the nearby Richmond Medical Center, of the 74 California stations served by Amtrak, Richmond was the 16th-busiest in FY2012, boarding or alighting an average of about 773 passengers daily. List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Richmond Station Overview Capitol Corridor Richmond Station Page Amtrak Station Information Page Richmond --Great American Stations
14.
Fremont station (BART)
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Fremont is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station that serves Fremont, California. The station was the terminus of the Richmond-Fremont and Fremont-Daly City lines until March 25,2017 and this station has full service at all times, while the neighboring Warm Springs/South Fremont station will have half the service. Parking is in demand, and lots at most stations are full during peak hours. Service at this station began on September 11,1972, when the Automatic Train Control system had safety problems with its design and operation. On October 2,1972, an ATC failure caused the “Fremont Flyer” to run off the end of the track at the Fremont station. The incident drew national and international attention, followed a month later by release of the Post Report on BART safety by the legislative analyst for the California State Senate. The “Fremont Flyer” train crash led to a redesign of the automatic train control system, the firing of the general manager. Fremont station is a hub for AC Transit and Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority buses. Local buses, mainly within Fremont, and routes to the north Bay Fair BART, one All-Nighter route to 14th & Broadway in downtown Oakland with a timed transfer at to from Civic Center/UN Plaza station and to Richmond Station. VTA, has express and commuter buses serving San Jose, Milpitas, VTA will discontinue service at this station, upon the opening of the Milpitas and Berryessa stations. The Stanford Marguerite Shuttles AE-F and East Bay Express lines serve Fremont BART as their terminal station, list of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations BART - Fremont Station Overview The station address on Google Maps Map of overflow parking lot for Fremont BART
15.
San Francisco International Airport station
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The station is located on level 3 of the International Terminal, next to Parking Garage G. There are two entrances and exits – one on level 3, adjacent to the grand foyer off the side of the International Terminal. The station is a terminus station, trains enter from an elevated wye from the west side of Highway 101. There are three tracks and corresponding bay platforms, BART traffic to and from SFO has not been as high as originally anticipated, so only two of the three tracks are currently used in regular service, with the third sometimes being used for storage. Service at this station began on June 22,2003, originally, there was a purple line for a shuttle service connecting SFO directly to Millbrae from 2003 to 2008. The shuttle trains usually had 5 cars and ran every 20 minutes, on January 1,2008, BART eliminated direct service between the SFO station and Millbrae. Today, passengers traveling between SFO and Millbrae have to make a transfer at San Bruno station. As of September 2012, direct service between the SFO station and Millbrae is active after 8pm on weekdays, and all day on weekends, passengers traveling between SFO and Millbrae still need to make a timed transfer at San Bruno during all other operating hours. When it first opened, ridership was 50% below the projected 6,500 passenger exits per day, during its first decade of service, ridership remained well below initial projections, but has nearly doubled between 2003 and 2015. Ridership reached a record of 6,788 average weekday exits during the year ending June 30,2016. In 2013, BART celebrated ten years of service to SFO and 30 million trips delivered
16.
Pittsburg/Bay Point station
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Pittsburg/Bay Point is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station in Pittsburg, California, United States, adjacent to the community of Bay Point. The station opened on December 7,1996, it is in BART District 2 and is represented by Joel Keller, in May 2008, a Library-a-Go-Go machine was added at this station, it is a vending machine that offers library books from the Contra Costa County Library system. This was BARTs first book vending machine and the first on any system in the country. The under-construction eBART extension – scheduled to begin running in 2018 – is a DMU line starting at Pittsburg / Bay Point to serve eastern Contra Costa County communities, the station is being expanded to include an additional platform beyond the existing one to provide an interchange to this service. The eBART platfrom will have no access, so passengers will have to ride a mainline BART train between the two platforms. The eBART line will go from Pittsburg / Bay Point to Antioch. There is also an infill station in Pittsburg, as well as proposals to extend the line further east to Oakley, Brentwood. A child was born in the parking lot on November 26,2012. On March 16,2016, a power surge on the tracks between North Concord/Martinez and Pittsburg/Bay Point stations caused several cars to be taken out of service. BART halted regular service to Pittsburg/Bay Point that day, and replaced the service with a bus shuttle, limited service to Pittsburg/Bay Point resumed on March 21 and full service returned on April 2
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Metro station
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A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system, which as a whole is usually called a Metro or Subway. The station provides a means for passengers to purchase tickets, access trains stopping at its platforms, the location of a metro station is carefully planned to provide easy access to important urban facilities such as roads, commercial centers, major buildings and other transport nodes. Most stations are located underground, with entrances/exits leading up to ground or street level, the bulk of the station typically positioned under land reserved for public thoroughfares or parks. This is especially important where the station is serving high-density urban precincts, in other cases, a station may be elevated above a road, or at ground level depending on the level of the train tracks. The physical, visual and economic impact of the station and its operations will be greater, planners will often take metro lines or parts of lines at or above ground where urban density decreases, extending the system further for less cost. Metros are most commonly used in cities, with great populations. Alternatively, a railway land corridor is re-purposed for rapid transit. At street level the logo of the company marks the entrances/exits of the station. Usually, signage shows the name of the station and describes the facilities of the station, often there are several entrances for one station, saving pedestrians from needing to cross a street and reducing crowding. A metro station typically provides ticket vending and ticket validating systems, the station is divided into an unpaid zone connected to the street, and a paid zone connected to the train platforms. The ticket barrier allows passengers with tickets to pass between these zones. The barrier may operated by staff or more typically with automated turnstiles or gates that open when a pass is scanned or detected. Some small metro systems dispense with paid zones and validate tickets with staff in the train carriages, access from the street to ticketing and the train platform is provided by stairs, concourses, escalators, elevators and tunnels. The station will be designed to minimise overcrowding and improve flow, permanent or temporary barriers may be used to manage crowds. Some metro stations have connections to important nearby buildings. Most jurisdictions mandate that people with disabilities must have unassisted use of the station and this is resolved with elevators, taking a number of people from street level to the unpaid ticketing area, and then from the paid area to the platform. In addition, there will be stringent requirements for emergencies, with lighting, emergency exits. Stations are a part of the evacuation route for passengers escaping from a disabled or troubled train
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Downtown Oakland
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Downtown Oakland hosts the only celebration of its kind in the nation in memory of the black cowboys who helped settle the American West. The annual parade typically begins on an early October weekend at DeFremery Park in West Oakland en route to Frank H. Ogawa Plaza where judging booths are set up, after an awards ceremony, the parade returns to DeFremery Park, for a celebration. Downtown includes a portion of the oldest part of the city, the Oakland Museum is located on Oak Street near the southeastern edge of Downtown. Laney College, with more than 12,000 students, is located on Fallon Street near the Lake Merritt BART station, other educational institutions include Lincoln University, a small business school catering mainly to international students, and a downtown office of Cal State East Bay. Oaksterdam University, a college which prepares students for medical cannabis work, is located on 15th Street in an area referred to as Oaksterdam. The original campus of UC Berkeley was located between Franklin, Harrison, 12th and 14th streets, and the University of California system is headquartered in Downtown. Lincoln Elementary School, one of the few public schools in the downtown of a major US city, is on the edge of downtown. The Oakland School for the Arts, a school, is building a new facility surrounding the Fox Oakland Theatre in Oaklands Uptown Oakland. City Hall Plaza is a city park and a plaza which includes what was once the terminus of San Pablo Avenue where it met Broadway at 14th Street. Motor vehicle traffic has also excluded from where former city streets, Washington street. Today the area features a retail mall with pedestrian streets laid out to replicate the original street grid. Several routes operated by AC Transit pass by or end at Downtown Oakland and these include, Local Routes 1 - International Blvd. 51A - Rockridge BART via Broadway-Downtown-Fruitvale BART via Santa Clara Ave. 72/72M - San Pablo Ave. / MacDonald Ave. 72R - San Pablo Ave, Rapid 88 - Market Street Transbay Route NL - MacArthur Blvd. Limited All-Nighter Routes 800 - Transbay 801 - International Blvd. /Mission Blvd,802 - San Pablo Ave.805 - MacArthur Blvd. These stations host local service, Rapid service, Transbay Express, a Translink Add Value Machine is located at AC Transit Headquarters on Franklin Street. The transformation of the 1 line into a full scale bus rapid transit corridor is years into the planning process. Three underground BART stations are located in Downtown, 12th Street/Oakland City Center, the Downtown Oakland and Lake Merritt/Uptown District Associations are community benefit districts that were formed in February 2009. The associations meet and function jointly, in June 2013, the districts were recognized by the International Downtown Association and named the IDA’s June Downtown of the Month
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Mezzanine
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A mezzanine is an intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to the double-height ceilinged floor below. Mezzanines may serve a variety of functions. Industrial mezzanines, such as used in warehouses, may be temporary or semi-permanent structures. A mezzanine is a floor in a building which is open to the floor below. It is placed halfway up the wall on a floor which has a ceiling at least twice as high as a floor with minimum height, a mezzanine does not count as one of the floors in a building, and generally does not count in determining maximum floorspace. The International Building Code permits a mezzanine to have as much as one-third of the space of the floor below. Local building codes may vary somewhat from this standard, a space may have more than one mezzanine, as long as the sum total of floor space of all the mezzanines is not greater than one-third the floor space of the complete floor below. Mezzanines help to make a high-ceilinged space feel more personal and less vast, mezzanines, however, may have lower-than-normal ceilings due to their location. The term mezzanine does not imply a function, as mezzanines can be used for an array of purposes. Mezzanines are commonly used in Modern architecture, which places an emphasis on light. In industrial settings, mezzanines may be installed in high-ceilinged spaces such as warehouses and these semi-permanent structures are usually free-standing, can be dismantled and relocated, and are sold commercially. Industrial mezzanine structures can be supported by steel columns and elements. Depending on the span and the run of the mezzanine, different materials may be used for the mezzanines deck, some industrial mezzanines may also include enclosed, paneled office space on their upper levels. Reports suggest that the amount of steel required can be reduced by up to 35%, an architect is sometimes hired to help determine whether the floor of the building can support a mezzanine, and to design the appropriate mezzanine. Structural Wood Design, A Practice-Oriented Approach, the Architects Studio Companion, Rules of Thumb for Preliminary Design. Coates, Michael, Brooker, Graeme, Stone, Sally, the Visual Dictionary of Interior Architecture and Design. Buildings for Industrial Storage and Distribution, the Mingqi Pottery Buildings of Han Dynasty China,206 BC-AD220, Architectural Representations and Represented Architecture. Structure of the Ordinary, Form and Control in the Built Environment, harris, Cyril M. Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture
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Warm Springs/South Fremont station
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Warm Springs / South Fremont is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station in Fremont, California. Service began on March 25,2017, during peak hours, weekdays before 6,00 p. m. this station has four trains per hour on the San Francisco and Daly City line. In comparison, the neighboring Fremont station has eight trains per hour running on the Daly City, during off-peak hours, both stations are served by the Richmond line with three trains per hour. The reason for only having one of the lines serve this station at any time is a shortage of available train cars. Originally targeted for 2014, the start of service was delayed repeatedly, service terminates at this station pending completion of the Milpitas and Berryessa stations. The station has a platform, overhead concourse, connections to AC Transit,2,082 parking spaces on 34 acres at ground level, bicycle lockers. AC Transit buses, not VTA buses, serve this station, planning for the Warm Springs extension began as early as 1994, and BART estimated it would cost $550 million with 7,800 daily riders by 2010. A1994 study by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission forecast 3,200 daily riders in 2010, as of 2010, construction was underway with an estimated cost of $890 million, but the final cost was reduced to $790 million. The cost of the subway segment under the lake in Fremont was reduced by 45% from the estimate of $249 million to $136 million. Service began on on March 25,2017, the extension broke ground in 2009. Construction of the began in 2011, and was expected to take three and a half years. However, the opening was pushed back from the original 2014, to fall 2015, to early 2016, to spring 2016, to summer 2016, to fall 2016, to late fall 2016, to winter 2017, and to spring 2017. The schedule for opening was withdrawn, because it was hard to predict, the yet-to-open station was fully staffed six months in advance of the opening, due to a union contract. The station was expected to open as an October surprise, an event for the November 8 vote on a BART bond measure. In 2011 the city of Fremont approved $90,000 to lobby against construction of a Union Pacific rail yard adjacent to the station, a pedestrian and bicycle bridge to the west side of the station is planned for completion in 2018
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San Francisco International Airport
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San Francisco International Airport is an international airport 13 miles south of downtown San Francisco, California, United States, near Millbrae and San Bruno in unincorporated San Mateo County. It has flights to points throughout North America and is a gateway to Europe. SFO is the largest airport in Northern California and the second busiest in California, in 2014, it was the seventh busiest in the United States and the twenty-first busiest airport in the world by passenger count. It is the fifth largest hub for United Airlines and functions as United Airliness primary transpacific gateway and it also serves as Virgin Americas principal base of operations. It is the sole hub of United Airlines, and houses the Louis A. Turpen Aviation Museum. SFO is owned and policed by the City and County of San Francisco, between 1999 and 2004 the San Francisco Airport Commission operated city-owned SFO Enterprises, Inc. to oversee its business purchases and operations of ventures. San Francisco held a ceremony for Mills Field Municipal Airport on May 7,1927 on 150 acres of cow pasture. The land was leased from Ogden L. Mills who had leased it from his grandfather Darius O. Mills, San Francisco International Airport was named Mills Field Municipal Airport until 1931, when it became San Francisco Municipal Airport. Municipal was replaced by International in 1955, United Airlines served SFO and Oakland Municipal Airport beginning in the 1930s. The March 1939 Official Aviation Guide shows 18 airline departures on weekdays— seventeen United flights, the aerial view c.1940 looks west along the runway that is now 28R, the seaplane harbor at right is still recognizable north of the airport. Earlier aerial looking NW1943 vertical aerial The August 1952 chart shows runway 1L7000 feet long, 1R7750 feet, 28L6500 feet and 28R8870 feet. Competition with United led Pacific Seaboard to move all of its operations to the eastern U. S. and rename itself Chicago and it became a large domestic and international air carrier. Chicago & Southern was acquired by and merged into Delta Air Lines in 1953 thus providing Delta with its first international routes, United Airlines Douglas DC-6 propliners flying to and from Hawaii used the Pan American World Airways terminal beginning in 1947. The first nonstops to the U. S. east coast were flown by United with Douglas DC-7 propliners in 1954, also in 1954 the airports Central Passenger Terminal opened on August 27 of that year. Included in the static display of aircraft on that day was a Convair B-36 Peacemaker bomber. The Central Passenger Terminal was heavily rebuilt as the terminal in 1984. As for international flights, Pan American had 21 departures a week, Japan Airlines had five, the jet age arrived at SFO in March 1959 when TWA introduced Boeing 707-131 jetliners with nonstop service to New York Idlewild Airport. United then constructed a large facility at San Francisco for its new Douglas DC-8 jets
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Greyhound Lines
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Greyhound Lines, Inc. usually shortened to Greyhound, is an intercity bus common carrier serving over 3,800 destinations across North America. The companys first route began in Hibbing, Minnesota in 1914, since October 2007, Greyhound has been a subsidiary of British transportation company FirstGroup, but continues to be based in Dallas, Texas, where it has been headquartered since 1987. Greyhound and sister companies in FirstGroup America are the largest motorcoach operators in the United States, carl Eric Wickman was born in Sweden in 1887. In 1905 he moved to the United States where he was working in a mine as an operator in Alice, Minnesota. In the same year, he became a Hupmobile salesman in Hibbing and he proved unable to sell the car. In 1914, using his vehicle, a 7-passenger car, he began a bus service with Andy Anderson. Heed, by transporting iron ore miners from Hibbing to Alice at 15 cents a ride, in 1915 Wickman joined forces with Ralph Bogan, who was running a similar service from Hibbing to Duluth, Minnesota. The name of the new organization was the Mesaba Transportation Company, by the end of World War I in 1918, Wickman owned 18 buses and was making an annual profit of $40,000. In 1922, Wickman joined forces with Orville Caesar, the owner of the Superior White Bus Lines, four years later, Wickman purchased two West Coast operations, the Pioneer Yelloway System and the Pickwick Lines, creating a national intercity bus company. The Greyhound name had its origins in the run of a route from Superior, Wisconsin to Wausau. While passing through a town, Ed Stone, the routes operator. The reflection reminded him of a dog, and he adopted that name for that segment of the Blue Goose Lines. The Greyhound name became popular and later applied to the bus network. Stone later became General Sales Manager of Yellow Truck and Coach, a division of General Motors, Wickman, as the president of the company, continued to expand it so that by 1927, his buses were making transcontinental trips from California to New York. In 1928, Greyhound had an annual income of $6 million. In 1929, Greyhound acquired additional interests in Southland Transportation Company, the Gray Line, Greyhound also acquired an interest in Northland Transportation Company, and renamed it Northland Greyhound Lines. By 1930 more than 100 bus lines had been consolidated into what was called the Motor Transit Company, recognizing that the company needed a more memorable name, the partners of the Motor Transit Company decided to rename it after the Greyhound marketing phrase used by earlier bus lines. Wickmans business suffered during the Great Depression, and by 1931 was over $1 million in debt, as the 1930s progressed and the economy improved, the Greyhound Corporation began to prosper again
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Rapid transit
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Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems
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Light rail
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Light rail, light rail transit or fast tram is urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right-of-way. A few light rail networks tend to have closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail. Other light rail networks are tram-like in nature and partially operate on streets, Light rail systems are found throughout the world, on all inhabited continents. They have been popular in recent years due to their lower capital costs. The term light rail was coined in 1972 by the U. S, Urban Mass Transportation Administration to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany the term Stadtbahn was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt the direct translation, however, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of intended for light loads and fast movement, the infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The Transportation Research Board defined light rail in 1977 as a mode of urban transportation utilizing predominantly reserved, electrically propelled rail vehicles operate singly or in trains. LRT provides a range of passenger capabilities and performance characteristics at moderate costs. Light rail is a generic international English phrase for these types of rail systems, the use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English. The word trolley is used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States. A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams except Blackpool after World War II, when these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both the old and new systems. Conventional rail technologies including high-speed, freight, commuter/regional, and metro/subway/elevated urban transit systems are considered heavy rail, people movers and personal rapid transit are even lighter, at least in terms of capacity. Monorail is a technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. Due to varying definitions, it is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail, a system described as light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called light rail are in very similar to rapid transit, in recent years. Some light rail systems, such as Sprinter, bear little similarity to urban rail, in the United States, light rail has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. There is a significant difference in cost between these different classes of light rail transit, tram-like systems are often less expensive than metro-like systems by a factor of two or more
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Automated guideway transit
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Automated guideway transit is a fully automated, driverless, grade-separated transit system in which vehicles are automatically guided along a guideway. The vehicles are often rubber tired, but other systems including steel wheels, air cushion, the guideway normally provides both physical support, like a road, as well as the guidance. In the case of systems, the two are often the same in the same way that a rail line provides both support and guidance for a train. For systems with multiple routes, most AGT systems use smaller wheels riding on the guideway to steer the vehicle using conventional steering arrangements like those on a car. AGT covers a variety of systems, from limited people mover systems, like those commonly found at airports. In the people mover role the term automated people mover is sometimes used, between the two are larger vehicles sized for around 20 passengers, sometimes known as group rapid transit, which blend features of the PRTs and larger systems. Subways were too expensive to install in areas of lower density - smaller cities or the suburbs of larger ones - which often suffer the same problems as larger cities. Buses could be introduced in these areas, but did not offer the capacities or speeds that made them an attractive alternative to car ownership. Cars drive directly from origin to destination, while buses generally work on a model that can up to double trip length. Stops along the route increase this even more, AGT offered a solution that fit between these extremes. Much of the cost of a system is due to the large vehicle sizes. The large vehicles are a side-effect of the need to have space between the vehicles, known as headway, for safety reasons due to the limited sightlines in tunnels. Given large headways and limited speed due to stops, the only way to increase passenger capacity is to increase the size of the vehicle. Headway can be reduced via automation, a technique that was becoming feasible in the 1960s, everything from track supports to station size can be reduced, with similar reductions in capital costs. Additionally, the vehicles allow for a wider variety of suspension methods, from conventional steel wheels, to rubber tires, air cushion vehicles. Since the system has to be automated in order to reduce the headways enough to be worthwhile, one key problem in an automated system is the negotiation of turns in the right-of-way - the steering system. The simplest solution is to use a rigid guideway, like conventional rails or steel rollercoasters, for lighter AGTs, these solutions were over-specified given the size of the vehicle, so the guideway was often separate from the running surface. A suspension-like system is needed to out the imperfections in the guideway
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Alameda County, California
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Alameda County is a county in the state of California in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,510,271, Alameda County is included in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region. The county was formed on March 25,1853, from a portion of Contra Costa County. The Spanish word alameda means a place where trees grow. The willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early explorers of a road lined with trees, the county seat at the time it was formed was located at Alvarado, now part of Union City. In 1856 it was moved to San Leandro, where the county courthouse was destroyed by the devastating 1868 quake on the Hayward Fault, the county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn from 1872-1875. Brooklyn is now part of Oakland, which has been the county seat since 1873, much of what is now considered an intensively urban region, with major cities, was developed as a trolley car suburb of San Francisco in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The annual county fair is held at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, the fair runs for three weekends from June to July. Attractions include horse racing, carnival rides, 4-H exhibits, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 821 square miles, of which 739 square miles is land and 82 square miles is water. The San Francisco Bay borders the county on the west, the crest of the Berkeley Hills form part of the northeastern boundary, and reach into the center of the county. A coastal plain several miles wide lines the bay, and is Oaklands most populous region, Livermore Valley lies in the eastern part of the county. Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge A2014 analysis found Alameda County to be the 4th most racially diverse county in the United States, the 2010 United States Census reported that Alameda County had a population of 1,510,271. The population density was 2,047.6 people per square mile, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 339,889 persons,16. 4% Mexican,0. 8% Puerto Rican,0. 2% Cuban,5. 1% Other Hispanic. 26. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.31. In the county, the population was out with 24. 6% under the age of 18,9. 6% from 18 to 24,33. 9% from 25 to 44,21. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males, the median income for a household in the county was $55,946, and the median income for a family was $65,857. Males had an income of $47,425 versus $36,921 for females
AC Transit: Broadway Shuttle, NL, 6, 12, 18, 33, 51A, 72, 72M, 72R, 611, 800, 802, 805, 851
