1.
Olympia, London
–
Olympia is an exhibition centre, event space and conference centre in West Kensington, London, England. The venue is home to a range of trade and consumer exhibitions, conferences. The nearest railway station is Kensington which is a London Overground station, a London Underground station, the nearest underground stations are Barons Court, Hammersmith, Shepherds Bush and West Kensington. The direct District Line spur to the only runs on weekends. Olympias story began in May 1884, john Whitley had created the National Agricultural Hall Company with the aim of building and operating the countrys largest covered show centre. Opened on 26 December 1886 as the National Agricultural Hall, it changed its name to Olympia in keeping with its ideals. It was built by Andrew Handyside and Company of Derby and covered an area of 4 acres, the Grand Hall was said to be the largest building in the United Kingdom to be covered by one span of iron and glass. Olympia London now features four event venues and a conference centre, the event venues are Olympia Grand, Olympia National, Olympia Central and Olympia West. Having secured the site, the National Agricultural Hall Company commissioned Henry Edward Coe to design the building and he had already designed the Agricultural Hall in Islington twenty five years before and took its barrel-roof form as the basis for the new building. With fixed seating for 9000 people and at nearly an acre in size, the roof had to be high –115 ft at the apex – to enable its great weight to be carried down as near vertically as possible. The structure is strong, with the hurricane of 1987 achieving no more than the destruction of a loose ventilation hatch. The roof of the hall was erected in twelve weeks in midwinter in 1885 and its non-putty patent glazing ensuring free expansion and contraction of 2,500 sheets of quarter inch plate glass. The glass was replaced in 1991 with a sealed heat treated solar reflective system. There is a legend that surrounds the ‘Prince’s Apartments’ which is a suite tacked on to the side of the hall on two floors. This suite appears on the original plans under this name, the story goes that the suite was used by Edward, Prince of Wales for his amorous liaisons before he became King in 1901 – he had a notorious eye for the ladies. The block was rebuilt in 1937 as management offices and meeting rooms but is known as the ‘Prince’s Suite’. The other building of note was the stunning Minor Hall, long since renamed as the Pillar Hall and this is a sumptuous oak-panelled banqueting room with marble columns and a richly moulded and decorated ceiling. It is one of London’s least known public rooms, Olympia opened its doors on 26 December 1886
2.
United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
3.
2nd World Scout Jamboree
–
The 2nd World Scout Jamboree was held from August 9 to 17,1924 and was hosted by Denmark at Ermelunden. Great Britain held an Imperial Jamboree at Wembley, Middlesex at the beginning of August 1924, over 1,000 Scouts from 25 parts of the Commonwealth and Empire accepted the invitation. 10,000 Scouts were present from the United Kingdom, the displays and ceremonies took place in Wembley Stadium. The Scouts were camped nearby in Wembley Paddocks in very cramped quarters, the Prince of Wales witnessed the displays in the stadium, presided at a campfire and stayed the night at a tent in the Paddocks. The Wembley Jamboree helped to provide a variety of members at the Second World Jamboree at Ermelunden, a few miles north of Copenhagen, Denmark. Denmark has a comparatively small Scout population and doubts were expressed beforehand as to whether it would be possible for the Danish Scouts to make a success of the undertaking. The main host was Christian Holm, President of Det Danske Spejderkorps, whose daughter became known as Kim, the three Scouters responsible for the preparation, organization and administration were very young men, but they made a success of the Jamboree. The Second World Jamboree was officially opened on August 10,1924 by Rear-Admiral Carl Carstensen, the Boy Scouts of America won the competition, Great Britain came second and Hungary third. It was decided, however, not to renewing the idea, lord Baden-Powell arrived at the Jamboree after opening day, and was received by a welcoming parade of all the Scouts. Just as he was about to speak, rain came down in torrents, the name given him was Bademester, Danish for Bath Superintendent. Because of the one part of the camp even had to evacuate temporarily. King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine took part in the ceremony of the Jamboree. The Third International Conference was held concurrently in Copenhagen, contrasting with the 1st World Scout Jamboree in Olympia Hall, the Danish Scouts wanted everyone placed in tents, and the Scouts were organized in troops and patrols, the model used thereafter. The Scouts homestayed with Danish families during the week after the jamboree, World Scout Jamboree Scouting Round the World, John S. Wilson, first edition, Blandford Press 1959 p.62
4.
London
–
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
5.
Scouting
–
During the first half of the twentieth century, the movement grew to encompass three major age groups for boys and, in 1910, a new organization, Girl Guides, was created for girls. It is one of worldwide youth organizations. In 1906 and 1907 Robert Baden-Powell, a lieutenant general in the British Army, wrote a book for boys about reconnaissance, in the summer of 1907 Baden-Powell held a camp on Brownsea Island in England to test ideas for his book. This camp and the publication of Scouting for Boys are generally regarded as the start of the Scout movement. The movement employs the Scout method, a programme of education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpacking. Distinctive uniform insignia include the fleur-de-lis and the trefoil, as well as badges, the year 2007 marked the centenary of Scouting worldwide, and member organizations planned events to celebrate the occasion. Scouting virtually started itself, but the trigger that set it going was the 1908 publication of Scouting for Boys written by Robert Baden-Powell, at Charterhouse, one of Englands most famous public schools, Baden-Powell had an interest in the outdoors. Later, as an officer, Baden-Powell was stationed in British India in the 1880s where he took an interest in military scouting and in 1884 he published Reconnaissance. These skills eventually formed the basis of what is now called scoutcraft, three years later, in South Africa during the Second Boer War, Baden-Powell was besieged in the small town of Mafeking by a much larger Boer army. The Mafeking Cadet Corps was a group of youths that supported the troops by carrying messages, the Cadet Corps performed well, helping in the defense of the town, and were one of the many factors that inspired Baden-Powell to form the Scouting movement. Each member received a badge that illustrated a combined compass point, the badges logo was similar to the fleur-de-lis shaped arrowhead that Scouting later adopted as its international symbol. In the United Kingdom, the public, through newspapers, followed Baden-Powells struggle to hold Mafeking, and he was urged to rewrite this book for boys, especially during an inspection of the Boys Brigade, a large youth movement drilled with military precision. Baden-Powell thought this would not be attractive and suggested that the Boys Brigade could grow much larger were Scouting to be used and he studied other schemes, parts of which he used for Scouting. In July 1906, Ernest Thompson Seton sent Baden-Powell a copy of his 1902 book The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians, Seton, a British-born Canadian-American living in the United States, met Baden-Powell in October 1906, and they shared ideas about youth training programs. In 1907 Baden-Powell wrote a draft called Boy Patrols, in the same year, to test his ideas, he gathered 21 boys of mixed social backgrounds and held a week-long camp in August on Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour, Dorset, England. His organizational method, now known as the Patrol System and a key part of Scouting training, in the autumn of 1907, Baden-Powell went on an extensive speaking tour arranged by his publisher, Arthur Pearson, to promote his forthcoming book, Scouting for Boys. He had not simply rewritten his Aids to Scouting, he omitted the military aspects and transferred the techniques to non-military heroes, backwoodsmen and he also added innovative educational principles by which he extended the attractive game to a personal mental education. At the beginning of 1908, Baden-Powell published Scouting for Boys in six fortnightly parts, the reaction was phenomenal, and quite unexpected
6.
Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell
–
After having been educated at Charterhouse School in Surrey, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. In 1899, during the Second Boer War in South Africa, several of his military books, written for military reconnaissance and scout training in his African years, were also read by boys. In 1907, he held a camp, the Brownsea Island Scout camp. Based on his books, he wrote Scouting for Boys, published in 1908 by Sir Arthur Pearson. In 1910 Baden-Powell retired from the army and formed The Boy Scouts Association, in 1912 he married Olave St Clair Soames. He gave guidance to the Scouting and Girl Guiding Movements until retiring in 1937, Baden-Powell lived his last years in Nyeri, Kenya, where he died and was buried in 1941. Baden-Powell was born as Robert Stephenson Smyth Powell at 6 Stanhope Street and he was called Stephe by his family, He was named after his godfather, Robert Stephenson, the railway and civil engineer, his third name was his mothers maiden name. Baden-Powells father died when Baden-Powell was three, subsequently, Baden-Powell was raised by his mother, a strong woman who was determined that her children would succeed. Baden-Powell would say of her in 1933 The whole secret of my getting on, Baden-Powell attended Rose Hill School, Tunbridge Wells. He was given a scholarship to Charterhouse, a public school. He played the piano and violin, was an ambidextrous artist, holidays were spent on yachting or canoeing expeditions with his brothers. His first introduction to Scouting skills was through stalking and cooking game while avoiding teachers in the nearby woods, in 1876 Baden-Powell joined the 13th Hussars in India with the rank of lieutenant. During one of his travels, he came across a string of wooden beads. The beads were later incorporated into the Wood Badge training programme he started after he founded the Scouting Movement and he was posted in Malta for three years, also working as intelligence officer for the Mediterranean for the Director of Military Intelligence. He frequently travelled disguised as a collector, incorporating plans of military installations into his drawings of butterfly wings. In 1884 he published Reconnaissance and Scouting, Baden-Powell returned to Africa in 1896, and served in the Second Matabele War, in the expedition to relieve British South Africa Company personnel under siege in Bulawayo. This was an experience for him not only because he commanded reconnaissance missions into enemy territory in the Matopos Hills. Baden-Powell was accused of executing a prisoner of war in 1896, the Matabele chief Uwini
7.
Cub Scout
–
Cub Scouts, Cubs or Wolf Cubs are programs associated with Scouting for young children usually aged 7 to 12. A participant in the program is called a Cub, a group of Cubs is called a Pack. The Wolf Cub program was originated by The Boy Scouts Association in the United Kingdom in 1916 to provide a program for boys who were too young to be Boy Scouts and it was adopted by many other Scouting organizations. Many Scouting organizations, including The Scout Association, no longer use the Wolf Cub program and have replaced it with other programs but have retained the name Cubs, others, including Traditional Scouting organizations, maintain the original Wolf Cubs program. Originally Cubs programs were only to boys, girls were expected to join the Brownies. Cubs in some organizations have been opened to girls and boys but in others, including the Boy Scouts of America, it is still exclusively for boys. A few organizations also operate a Sea Cub version of Cubs, during these first years many troops had either allowed younger boys to join or had set up unofficial junior or cadet Scout troops. In 1916, articles in the Headquarters Gazette outlined official Junior Scout then Wolf Cub schemes, Baden-Powell wanted a junior scheme with distinct name, uniform and other identity and program. In 1916, Baden-Powell published his own outlines for such a scheme, Baden-Powell asked his friend Rudyard Kipling for the use of his Jungle Book history and universe as a motivational frame for the Wolf Cub scheme. The scheme was given a publicity launch at The Boy Scouts Associations Imperial Headquarters in Buckingham Palace Road, Westminster, Baden-Powell wrote a new book, The Wolf Cubs Handbook, the first edition of which was published in December 1916. He collaborated with Vera Barclay in devising the Wolf Cub training programme and badges, from the 1960s, many organizations varied or abandoned the Wolf Cub Jungle Book theme. Other organizations kept the name but dropped the Jungle Book theme totally, originally, Cub membership was open only to boys while the Brownies were set up as a parallel section for young girls. This remains the situation in some places, most member organizations of the World Organization of the Scout Movement admitted girls to Cubs while others have separate co-ed sections with a different theme. Most member organizations of the Union Internationale des Guides et Scouts dEurope have two single sex sections both named Wolf Cubs and both in the jungle theme, Cub Scouting has ideals of spiritual and character growth, citizenship training, and personal fitness. Cubs are organized in Packs, which are linked to a Scout group. Adult leaders of Cub packs take the names of The Jungle Book s main characters, in many countries the leader of the Pack is called Akela. Cubs have a distinctive two-finger salute according to the Jungle theme, however, in the Scout Association of United Kingdom and some of its overseas branches the two-finger salute was later replaced by the three-finger salute. Like Scout Troops, Cubs are assigned to teams within the Pack
8.
Grand Howl
–
The Grand Howl is a ceremony used by Cub Scouts. It was devised by Robert Baden-Powell and is based on the Mowgli stories in Rudyard Kiplings Jungle Book, in the ceremony, Cubs act out the wolves greeting Akela, the Old Wolf at the Council Rock and are reminded of the Cub Scout Promise. Baden-Powell also created a Grand Howl for Brownie Guides, which was in imitation of an owl instead of a wolf. Five years after the founding of the Scout movement, Baden-Powell and others worked on a scheme for those who were too young to join the Boy Scouts at the age of 11, initially called Junior Scouts. By the time of the launch of the scheme, Baden-Powell had obtained the approval of his friend and neighbor, Rudyard Kipling, to use the Jungle Book as a theme. The Cubs would act out scenes from the stories, and the leaders would adopt the names of characters from the book, the leader in charge being Akela. Baden-Powell wrote a book to accompany the launch of the new section of the movement, the original instructions for the Grand Howl, described by Baden-Powell in The Wolf Cubs Handbook. Scouter, Pack - Pack - Pack and this calls the Cubs into a Parade Circle. The Cubs reply as they run to their places in the circle, as the Scouter enters the circle, the Cubs squat down on their heels with their fore paws on the ground between their feet and their knees out on either side. On the word BEST, the Cubs jump to their feet with two fingers of hand at the sides of their heads, to resemble a wolfs ears. A Sixer, Dyb - dyb - dyb -dyb The word dyb means Do Your Best which is the first part of the Cub Promise and was the original Wolf Cub motto. On the fourth dyb, the Cubs lower their left hands, Cubs, We-e-e-e-ll dob-dob-dob-dob, meaning Well do our best. Although the Grand Howl was to be retained, it was revised, replacing the dybs with plain language to make the significance clearer to parents, the recommendations were accepted and began to be implemented in October 1966. The revised Grand Howl is as follows, Pack in circle, Cub Scout Leader in centre, arms outstretched facing Sixer, Cub Scout Leader arms down, Pack squats. Cubs, We will do our best, giving the Scout salute, following a further programme review between 2000 and 2002, the Grand Howl became optional, allowing Packs to adopt themes other than the Jungle Book. The independent Baden-Powell Scouts Association and British Boy Scouts and British Girl Scouts Association continue with the original Grand Howl. The Cub Scout programme of the Boy Scouts of America uses the traditional Grand Howl as a recognition ceremony with the person being honoured. In addition, a Short Grand Howl can be used as follows, as they yell the last word, best, they jump up with both hands above their heads in the Cub Scouts Sign
9.
Old Deer Park
–
Old Deer Park is an area of open space within Richmond, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England. It is 147 hectares in extent of which 90.37 hectares is classed as private, the park is bounded generally by the River Thames to the west, Kew Gardens to the north, and urban areas of Richmond town to the east and south. Owned by the Crown Estate, the forms part of a larger historic landscape stretching from Richmond to Kew. The low-lying parts of the park alongside the river constitute flood storage areas, a long-term strategy is now being implemented in order to arrest and reverse this decline. In the mid-16th century, Richmond Palace was a residence of Queen Elizabeth I. After the death of Elizabeth, at Richmond, in 1603 a hunting park was established by King James I by means of adding monastic land to the existing park and this then became known as The New Park of Richmond. The present name Old Deer Park was adopted after 1637, following the establishment by King Charles I of the much larger Richmond Park on the side of the town. The majority of Old Deer Park is now occupied by the Royal Mid-Surrey Golf Club, within the clubs boundaries are two 18-hole courses, plus a separate area within which lies the Grade I listed Kings Observatory, established by King George III in 1769. To the south-west of the Observatory, under the fairway of the 14th hole of the golf course, lie the foundations of the former Carthusian Sheen Priory. Construction of the line westwards from Richmond Station in 1847/8 restricted the access from Richmond Green to Old Deer Park. This heightened the sense of separation between town and park – alleviating this problem is also part of the new strategy, beside the River Thames in the park are a pair of stone obelisks. They were built in 1874 and were used by the Kings Observatory to observe the transit of Venus across the Sun that year. However, a legend says that they were erected in the 18th century as memorials to two men who lost their lives in a duel over a woman, who drowned herself in the river. The park was used to accommodate 5,000 of the 8,000 Scouts attending the 1st World Scout Jamboree in 1920, the public open spaces are occasionally used for circuses, funfairs and other events. The Old Deer Park has been used a venue for cricket since at least 1867, during its history, the ground has played host to a number of Middlesex Second XI and Surrey Second XI matches. Despite historically being within Surrey, the ground has played host to List-A matches involving Middlesex, in 2001 the Middlesex Cricket Board played their only List-A match at the ground in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy against Berkshire. From 2000 to 2004, the ground held 5 List-A matches, starting in the 2003 Twenty20 Cup against Kent, Middlesex have used the ground for 5 Twenty20 matches to date. In local domestic cricket, the ground is the venue of Richmond Cricket Club
