1.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
2.
2000
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According to the Gregorian Calendar, these distinctions fall to the year 2001 because the 1st century was retroactively said to start with year AD1. Since the calendar does not have zero, its first millennium spanned from years 1 to 1000 inclusively. The year 2000 is sometimes abbreviated as Y2K, the year 2000 was the subject of Y2K concerns, which are fears that computers would not shift from 1999 to 2000 correctly. However, by the end of 1999, many companies had already converted to new, or upgraded, as a result of massive effort, relatively few problems occurred. January 1 – The piece Longplayer begins and it lasts 1,000 years, finishing on December 31,2999. January 3–10 – Israel and Syria hold inconclusive peace talks, january 5–8 – The 2000 al-Qaeda Summit of several high-level al-Qaeda members is held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. January 6 – The last natural Pyrenean ibex is found dead, january 10 – America Online announces an agreement to purchase Time Warner for $162 billion. January 11 – The armed wing of the Islamic Salvation Front concludes its negotiations with the government for an amnesty, january 14 A United Nations tribunal sentences 5 Bosnian Croats to up to 25 years in prison for the 1993 killing of over 100 Bosnian Muslims in a Bosnian village. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 11,722.98, january 18 – The Tagish Lake meteorite impacts the Earth. January 24 – Gods Army, a Karen militia group led by twins Johnny and Luther Htoo, january 30 – Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes off the coast of Ivory Coast into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169. January 31 Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crashes off the California coast into the Pacific Ocean, dr. Harold Shipman is found guilty of murdering 15 patients between 1995 and 1998 at Hyde, Greater Manchester, and sentenced to life imprisonment. February 4 – German extortionist Klaus-Peter Sabotta is jailed for life for attempted murder and extortion, February 6 – Tarja Halonen is elected the first female president of Finland. February 7 – Stipe Mesić is elected president of Croatia, February 8 – Radio broadcaster Bob Collins plane collides with that of a student pilot over Zion, Illinois. February 9 – Torrential rains in Africa lead to the worst flooding in Mozambique in 50 years, February 13 – The final original Peanuts comic strip is published, following the death of its creator, Charles M. Schulz. February 21 – UNESCO holds the inaugural celebration of International Mother Language Day, February 29 – a rare century leap year date occurs. Usually, century years are common due to not being exactly divisible by 400. 2000 is the first such year to have a February 29 since the year 1600, the next such leap year will not occur until 2400. March 1 The Constitution of Finland is rewritten, jorge Batlle, a son, grandnephew and great-grandson of former presidents, is sworn in as President of Uruguay
3.
Monarchy of Australia
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The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nations sovereign. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, styled Queen of Australia and she is represented in Australia by the governor-general, in accordance with the Australian constitution and letters patent from the Queen. In each of the states, the monarch is represented by a governor, the Australian monarch, besides reigning in Australia, separately serves as monarch for each of 15 other Commonwealth nations known as realms. This developed from the colonial relationship between these countries and the United Kingdom, but they are now independent of each other and are legally distinct. Likewise, on all matters relating to any Australian state, the monarch is advised by the ministers of the Crown of that state, the British government is thus considered a foreign power in regard to Australias domestic and foreign affairs. The sovereigns Australian title is currently Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. Typically, the monarch is styled King or Queen of Australia and is addressed as such when in Australia or performing duties on behalf of Australia abroad, prior to 1953, the title had simply been the same as that in the United Kingdom. Australia, however, wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned as well, thus, the resolution was a title that included the United Kingdom but, for the first time, also separately mentioned Australia and the other Commonwealth realms. The passage of a new Royal Style and Titles Act by the Parliament of Australia put these recommendations into law, Queen Elizabeth II signed her assent at Government House, Canberra, on 19 October 1973. Australia does not pay any money to the Queen, either for personal income or to support the royal residences outside Australia, only when the Queen is in Australia does the Australian government support her in the performance of her duties. This rule applies equally to members of the Royal Family. Succession is according to British laws that have incorporated into Australian law. By adhering to the Statute of Westminster in 1942, Australia agreed to change its rules of only in agreement with the UK. Parallel proclamations are made by the governors in each state, regardless of any proclamations, the late sovereigns heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony. After an individual ascends the throne, he or she continues to reign until death. The legal personality of a component of the Australian state is expressed by reference to the sovereign. In criminal prosecutions, the state as a party is named as The Queen—for instance. However, the prosecutors themselves are referred to as representing the Crown, more commonly and conveniently, however, the entity is referred to directly—for example, as The Commonwealth or The State of New South Wales or simply New South Wales
4.
Elizabeth II
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Elizabeth II has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Elizabeth was born in London as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake duties during the Second World War. Elizabeths many historic visits and meetings include a visit to the Republic of Ireland. She has seen major changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation. She has reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms and she is the worlds oldest reigning monarch as well as Britains longest-lived. In October 2016, she became the longest currently reigning monarch, in 2017 she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the family, however, support for the monarchy remains high. Elizabeth was born at 02,40 on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather and her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York, was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and she was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfathers London house,17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. Elizabeths only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930, the two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as Crawfie. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music, Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margarets childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeths love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, others echoed such observations, Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant and her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved. During her grandfathers reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, many people believed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeths father became king, and she became heir presumptive, if her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession
5.
Governor-General of Australia
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The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the Australian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. The Governor-General is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister of Australia, when travelling abroad, the Governor-General is seen as the representative of Australia, and of the Queen of Australia, so is treated as a head of state. The Governor-General is supported by a staff headed by the Official Secretary to the Governor-General, a Governor-General is not appointed for a specific term, but is generally expected to serve for five years subject to a possible short extension. Since 28 March 2014, the Governor-General has been General Sir Peter Cosgrove, from Federation in 1901 until 1965,11 out of the 15 Governors-General were British aristocrats, they included four barons, three viscounts, three earls, and one prince. Since then, all but one of the Governors-General have been Australian-born, as of 2017, only one Governor-General, Dame Quentin Bryce, was a woman. The selection of a Governor-General is a responsibility for the Prime Minister of Australia, the candidate is approached privately to confirm whether they are willing to accept the appointment. The prime minister advises the monarch to appoint his nominee. This has been the procedure since November 1930, when James Scullins proposed appointment of Sir Isaac Isaacs was fiercely opposed by the British government, Scullin was equally insistent that the monarch must act on the relevant prime ministers direct advice. Both of these appointments had been agreed to despite British government objections, despite these precedents, George V remained reluctant to accept Scullins recommendation of Isaacs and asked him to consider Field Marshal Sir William Birdwood. However, Scullin stood firm, and, on 29 November, the King agreed to Isaacss appointment and this right to not only advise the monarch directly, but also to expect that advice to be accepted, was soon taken up by all the other Dominion prime ministers. This, among other things, led to the Statute of Westminster 1931, having agreed to the appointment, the monarch then permits it to be publicly announced in advance, usually several months before the end of the current Governor-Generals term. During these months, the person is referred to as the Governor-General-designate, the actual appointment is made by the monarch. Governors-General have during their tenure the style His/Her Excellency the Honourable, since May 2013, the style used by a former Governor-General is the Honourable, it was at the same time retrospectively granted for life to all previous holders of the office. From the creation of the Order of Australia in 1975, the Governor-General was, ex officio, Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order, and therefore became entitled to the post-nominal AC. In 1986 the Letters Patent were amended again, and Governors-General appointed from that time were again, ex officio, until 1989, all Governors-General were members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom and thus held the additional style the Right Honourable for life. The same individuals were also usually either peers, knights, or both, in 1989, Bill Hayden, a republican, declined appointment to the British Privy Council and any imperial honours. Dame Quentin Bryce was the first Governor-General to have had no title or pre-nominal style. Until 2015, the honour continued after the retirement from office of the Governor-General, formerly, the Governor-General automatically became a knight or dame upon being sworn in
6.
William Deane
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Sir William Patrick Deane AC, KBE, QC is a former Australian judge and was the 22nd Governor-General of Australia. William Deane was born in the Melbourne suburb of St Kilda and he was educated at Catholic schools, including St Josephs College, Hunters Hill, and at the University of Sydney, where he graduated in arts and law. He also attended the Hague Academy of International Law, after graduation, Deane worked in the federal Attorney-Generals Department in Canberra and at the law firm Minter Simpson. He also travelled to Europe to study international law and he was called to the Sydney Bar in 1957 and also lectured in law at university. During this time, Deane was active in the Catholic community, in 1955 he briefly became a member of the Democratic Labor Party, a predominantly Catholic and anti-Communist breakaway from the Australian Labor Party. In June 1982 he was appointed to the High Court of Australia and he received a knighthood in August 1982. On the court he formed part of the majority which recognised native title in the landmark Mabo case of 1992. In August 1995, the Labor Prime Minister, Paul Keating, Deane retired from the High Court in November and was sworn in as Governor-General on 16 February 1996. Less than a month later the Liberal/National coalition led by John Howard defeated Keatings government in the Australian federal election,1996, Deane officially opened the 2000 Summer Olympics held in Sydney. He is also a Patron of Reconciliation Australia and of the Australian Indigenous Doctors Association, Government appointed him as Patron of the National Capitals 2013 Centenary Celebrations. He is a former Patron and Chair of international aid-organization CARE Australia, Deane was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 10 August 1982, a few weeks after being appointed to the High Court. On Australia Day 1988, he was made a Companion of the Order of Australia and he is also a Knight Commander with Star of the Papal Order of St. Gregory the Great and a Knight of the Venerable Order of St. John. In 2001, Deane was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize for his consistent support of vulnerable and disadvantaged Australians, governor General of Australia – Official biography of Sir William Deane and Lady Deane, published by Government House, Canberra. A Mirror to the People, documentary film on the Office of Governor-General of Australia, featuring Deane, Zelman Cowen, High Court biography Retrieved 20 August 2014
7.
Prime Minister of Australia
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The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of the Crown, the leader of the Cabinet, the office is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and exists only through longstanding political convention and tradition. Despite this, in practice it is the most powerful position in Australia. The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia, almost always and according to convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or largest party in a coalition of parties in the House of Representatives. However, there is no requirement that the prime minister sit in the House of Representatives. The only case where a member of the Senate was appointed minister was John Gorton. Malcolm Turnbull has held the office of Prime Minister since 15 September 2015, the Prime Minister and Treasurer are traditionally members of the House, but the Constitution does not have such a requirement. Before being sworn in as a Minister of the Crown, a person must first be sworn in as a member of the Federal Executive Council if they are not already a member. Membership of the Federal Executive Council entitles the member to the style of The Honourable for life, the senior members of the Executive Council constitute the Cabinet of Australia. The Prime Minister is, like ministers, normally sworn in by the Governor-General. When defeated in an election, or on resigning, the Prime Minister is said to hand in the commission, in the event of a Prime Minister dying in office, or becoming incapacitated, the Governor-General can terminate the commission. Despite the importance of the office of minister, the Constitution does not mention the office by name. The conventions of the Westminster system were thought to be entrenched in Australia by the authors of the Constitution that it was deemed unnecessary to detail them. The formal title of the portfolio has always been simply Prime Minister, except for the period of the Fourth Deakin Ministry, Page was the leader of the smaller party in the governing coalition, the Country Party. He held the office for three weeks until the UAP elected a new leader, Robert Menzies, in August 1941 Menzies resigned as prime minister. In July 1945 John Curtin died suddenly and his deputy, Frank Forde, was sworn in the next day as prime minister, although the Labor Party had not had an opportunity to meet and elect a new leader. Forde served for eight days until Ben Chifley was elected leader, Chifley was then sworn in, replacing Forde, who became Australias shortest-serving prime minister. Harold Holt disappeared while swimming on 17 December 1967 and was declared presumed dead on 19 December, the governor-general, Lord Casey, commissioned the Leader of the Country Party, John McEwen, to form a government until the Liberal Party elected a new leader
8.
John Howard
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John Winston Howard, OM, AC was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007. Only Sir Robert Menzies has served in the position longer, born in Sydney, Howard was a solicitor at Clayton Utz before entering politics, having studied law at the University of Sydney. A member of the Liberal Party and former president of the Young Liberals, he first stood for office at the 1968 New South Wales state election, but lost narrowly. At the 1974 federal election, Howard was elected to the Division of Bennelong and he was promoted to cabinet in 1977, and later in the year replaced Phillip Lynch as Treasurer of Australia, remaining in that position until the defeat of Malcolm Frasers government in 1983. In 1985, Howard was elected leader of the Liberal Party for the first time and he led the Liberal–National coalition to the 1987 federal election, but lost to Bob Hawkes Labor government, and was removed from the leadership in 1989. Remaining a key figure in the party, Howard was re-elected leader in 1995, after defeating Paul Keatings Labor government in 1996, the Howard Government was re-elected at the 1998,2001 and 2004 elections. Howards actions as prime minister included new gun laws, the introduction of a nationwide value-added tax, immigration reform, Australia also contributed troops to the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War under his government, and led the International Force for East Timor. The Howard government was defeated at the 2007 federal election, with the Labor Partys Kevin Rudd succeeding him as prime minister, Howard also lost his own seat at the election, becoming only the second prime minister to do so. John Howard is the son of Mona and Lyall Howard. His parents were married in 1925 and his eldest brother Stanley was born in 1926, followed by Walter in 1929, and Robert in 1936. Lyall Howard was an admirer of Winston Churchill, and sympathetic to the New Guard during its early years, Howards ancestors were English, Scottish and Irish. Howard was born and raised in the Sydney suburb of Earlwood and his mother had been an office worker until her marriage. His father and his grandfather, Walter Howard, were both veterans of the First AIF in World War I. They also ran two Dulwich Hill petrol stations where Howard worked as a boy, Lyall Howard died in 1955 when John was sixteen, leaving his mother to take care of John. Howard suffered an impairment in his youth, leaving him with a slight speech impediment. It also influenced him in ways, limiting his early academic performance, encouraging a reliance on an excellent memory. Howard attended the state schools Earlwood Primary School and Canterbury Boys High School, Howard won a citizenship prize in his final year at Earlwood, and subsequently represented his secondary school at debating as well as cricket and rugby. In his final year at school he took part in a show hosted by Jack Davey, Give It a Go broadcast on the commercial radio station, 2GB
9.
Chief Justice of Australia
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The Chief Justice of Australia is the informal title for the presiding justice of the High Court of Australia and the highest-ranking judicial officer in the Commonwealth of Australia. The incumbent is Susan Kiefel, the first woman to hold the office, the Court was constituted by, and its first members were appointed under, the Judiciary Act 1903, with the first appointments to the High Court commencing on 5 October 1903. The Chief Justice is first among equals among the Justices of the High Court, all Justices, including the Chief Justice, are appointed by the Governor-General of Australia, on the advice of the federal government. They can be removed only by the Governor-General, on a request from both houses of the parliament, although this has never been done. Since 1977, appointment has been until the retirement age of seventy. The Chief Justice often acts as the Governor-Generals deputy, especially at such as the opening of Parliament after an election. Chief Justice Samuel Griffith was several times consulted by Governors-General of Australia on the exercise of the reserve powers, the Chief Justice also administers the Oath of Allegiance to the Monarch and an Oath of Office to the Governor-General-designate when he or she takes up his or her appointment. Chief Justice Sir John Latham was absent from the office when he served from 1940 to 1941 as Australias first ambassador to Japan, Sir George Rich was Acting Chief Justice in Lathams absence
10.
Murray Gleeson
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Anthony Murray Gleeson AC, QC, was the eleventh Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. Gleeson was born in Wingham, New South Wales, the eldest of four children, among his graduating class of 1962 were John Howard, later to become Prime Minister, and Michael Kirby, who later served alongside him as a judge on the High Court. After graduation, Gleeson spent one year as a solicitor at Messrs Murphy & Moloney, upon his appointment as Queens Counsel in 1974, Gleesons career as senior counsel continued to focus on commercial and constitutional matters. However he also appeared in some criminal cases, including his successful defence before a jury of National Party MP Ian Sinclair in 1980. In the same year he appeared for the appellants in Port Jackson Stevedoring v Salmond & Spraggon, Gleeson was President of the New South Wales Bar Association 1984-1985. He was a counsel, who prepared his cases and even his cross examinations in minute detail. Retired Justice of Appeal Roderick Meagher said jokingly of Gleeson, He has written nothing outside his professional work and he takes no interest in either music or art. He stares at them to make them wilt, Gleeson was appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales in 1988, the first barrister to be directly elevated to the Chief Justiceship since Frederick Jordan in 1934. During his decade as Chief Justice of New South Wales, the system dealt with considerable change including fast growing demand, cost constraints. The tradition of the Chief Justice frequently appearing in the Court of Criminal Appeal was continued under Gleesons tenure, Gleeson also frequently presided in the Court of Appeal, a forum more suited to his expertise in administrative, commercial, and constitutional law. In Egan v Chadwick, this power was found to be not limited by legal professional privilege, in May 1998, Gleeson was appointed Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, replacing Sir Gerard Brennan. He is also the first Chief Justice not to have made a knight. During his tenure as Chief Justice, Gleeson actively maintained the importance of independence in the face of increasing executive government power. He also spoke out against the use of torture, forced confessions and his tenure as Chief Justice was also characterised by a large number of joint judgments, and a relatively frequent number of judgments that clearly and plainly provide the Courts ratio decidendi. On 30 July 2008, it was announced that Federal Court justice Robert French would succeed Gleeson as Chief Justice, in accordance with the Australian Constitution, he retired from the High Court on 29 August 2008, the day before his 70th birthday. The occasion was marked by a sitting of the High Court in Canberra. On 7 November 2008, Gleeson was appointed a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and he is given a Chinese name 紀立信 by the Hong Kong Judiciary. Gleeson was the Lieutenant Governor of New South Wales from 1989 to 1998 and he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in 1986
11.
Premier of New South Wales
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The Premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature, prior to Federation in 1901 the term Prime Minister of New South Wales was used, Premier was used from 1901. The current Premier is Gladys Berejiklian, the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party, Berejiklian replaced Mike Baird on 23 January 2017, after Baird resigned as Premier. As of January 2017, nine former Premiers are alive, the oldest being Barrie Unsworth, the most recent premier to die was Tom Lewis on 25 April 2016. List of Premiers of New South Wales by time in office Deputy Premier of New South Wales
12.
Bob Carr
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Robert John Bob Carr is a former politician from Australia. From 4 April 1995 to 3 August 2005, Carr was the Premier of New South Wales and he was the longest continuously serving Premier of the state. Carr was born in the suburb of Matraville in Sydney, to Edward and he was educated at Matraville High School from which he graduated as dux in 1964. He was the first person in his family to finish high school, while still a 15-year-old student at school, Carr joined the local branch of the Australian Labor Party. He would go on to become the President of the New South Wales branch and he completed his tertiary education at the University of New South Wales, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in History. After graduation, Carr worked as a journalist for the ABC Radios AM and he was also a reporter on industrial relations and politics for The Bulletin magazine from 1978 to 1983. He later recalled that his work as a journalist provided good preparation for his political career and he also spent a period working as an education officer for the Labor Council of New South Wales. In 1972, Carr met a Malaysian economics student, Helena John on a holiday in Tahiti, Helena Carr became a successful businesswoman, while she largely remained out of the political spotlight during her husbands career. Carr entered the New South Wales Legislative Assembly at a by-election in October 1983 as the member for Maroubra, in December 1984 he was appointed Minister for Planning and the Environment in the Neville Wran government. In February 1986 he also took on the Consumer Affairs portfolio, as planning minister, Carr released a new metropolitan planning strategy for the capital, to replace the 1968 Sydney Region Outline Plan. The Unsworth Labor government was defeated in a landslide in March 1988, Carr was interested in international relations, and his long-term ambition was to enter federal politics and become Minister for Foreign Affairs. However, following the election Carr was pressured by his own right–wing faction to stand for the leadership. Further, the party organisation did not want Laurie Brereton as leader, he would go on to represent the seat of Kingsford Smith. Polling in the lead-up to the 1991 election predicted another heavy defeat, however, Labor regained all but one of the seats lost at the previous election. As a result, while the Coalition won 52 per cent of the two-party vote, Labor scored a 10-seat swing, Greiner was forced into a minority government with the support of independents. In 1992 Greiner resigned following adverse findings against him from the Independent Commission Against Corruption, John Fahey replaced him as premier, but was hampered by his need to negotiate with independents. Labor won the 1995 election with a majority of one seat, following the narrow 1995 victory, Labor was re-elected by a much bigger margin in the 1999 poll with 55 seats out of 93. He was re-elected with the margin in the 2003 election
13.
Premier of Queensland
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The Premier of Queensland is the head of government in the Australian state of Queensland. By convention the Premier is the leader of the party with a majority in the unicameral Legislative Assembly of Queensland. The Premier is appointed by the Governor of Queensland, the incumbent Premier of Queensland since the 2015 election is Annastacia Palaszczuk of the Australian Labor Party. Under section 42 of the Constitution of Queensland the Premier and other members of Cabinet are appointed by the Governor and are responsible to Parliament. The text of the Constitution assigns to the Premier certain powers, such as the power to assign roles to Assistant Ministers, although ministerial appointments are the prerogative of the Governor of Queensland, in normal circumstances the Governor will make these appointments under the advice of the Premier. A re-elected government will be resworn, with adjustments to the ministry as determined by the Premier, the Premier has an office in the Executive Annexe of Parliament House, Brisbane, which is normally used while Parliament is sitting. At other times the Premiers ministerial office is in 1 William Street, before the 1890s, there was no developed party system in Queensland. Political affiliation labels before that time indicate a general tendency only, before the end of the first decade of the twentieth century, political parties were more akin to parliamentary factions, and were fluid, informal and disorganised by modern standards. As of February 2015, six former premiers are alive, the oldest being Russell Cooper, the most recent premier to die was Wayne Goss, on 10 November 2014. List of Premiers of Queensland by time in office Government of Queensland Politics of Queensland
14.
Peter Beattie
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Peter Douglas Beattie, AC is an Australian politician who served as the 36th Premier of Queensland from 1998 to 2007 and Leader of the Australian Labor Party in that state from 1996 to 2007. His sweeping victories in the 2001,2004 and 2006 state elections confirmed him as one of the most electorally successful politicians in Australia, before retiring in 2007, he groomed and was then succeeded by his Deputy Anna Bligh, who became the first female Premier of Queensland. He was the unsuccessful Labor candidate for the seat of Forde at the 2013 federal election, Beattie was born in Sydney as the youngest of seven children. He was raised by his grandmother at Atherton, a town in North Queensland. At school, he met Heather Scott-Halliday, whom he later married and they have three adult children and live in Wilston, a suburb of Brisbane. During his studies at the University of Queensland, Beattie was President of the Student Club at St Johns College, Beattie became involved in the campaign led by Dr Denis Murphy to reform the Queensland branch of the party, which was dominated by elderly and conservative trade union leaders. In 1981 the federal Labor Party leader, Bill Hayden, led a federal intervention in Queensland, eight years later, Wayne Goss became Queenslands first Labor Premier since Vince Gair in 1957. At the 1989 election Beattie was elected to the Queensland Parliament as MP for Brisbane Central, something of a maverick within the parliamentary party during his early term, Beattie was mistrusted by faction leaders and kept out of the ministry. Beattie also publicly criticised Goss for being out of touch, Goss did not appoint him to the ministry until Labors near defeat at the 1995 election, where Beattie became Minister for Health. He was only in office for three months before the Goss government lost office following defeat in the Mundingburra by-election, Goss then stood down as ALP leader, and Beattie was elected in his stead, thus becoming Opposition Leader. His first act as Opposition leader was to move a motion in Parliament preventing the new Coalition government under Rob Borbidge from calling an early election, Labor feared that an early election could give the Coalition an outright majority. At the 1998 state election Labor won 44 seats out of 89, the balance of power rested with two independents, Peter Wellington and Liz Cunningham, and the 11 One Nation MPs. Labor needed the support of only one crossbencher to make Beattie premier, Wellington announced his support for Labor, allowing Beattie to form a minority government. Later following a by-election, Labor won a majority in its own right, Beattie acted swiftly, forcing a number of MPs to quit politics and forcing Elder to resign as Deputy Premier. In the ensuing campaign, Beattie claimed a Labor win would ensure stable government, Beattie was rewarded with a smashing victory, winning 66 seats out of 89—the biggest majority Labor has ever won in an election. In February 2004 Beattie again went to the polls, and again a crisis blew up shortly before the election, Beattie accepted full personal responsibility for the issue, and paradoxically turned the issue into a positive for the government. At the 7 February elections Beattie won 63 seats, a net loss of three, losing four seats to the National-Liberal Opposition but gaining one from them. This made him one of the most successful politicians in Australian history
15.
Premier of South Australia
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The Premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia, Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature, the current Premier is Jay Weatherill, the Leader of the South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party. Weatherill replaced Mike Rann on 21 October 2011, after Rann resigned as Premier, before the 1890s when there was no formal party system in South Australia, MPs tended to have historical liberal or conservative beliefs. The liberals dominated government from the 1893 election to 1905 election with the support of the South Australian United Labor Party, Labor took government with the support of eight dissident liberals in 1905 when Labor won the most seats for the first time. The rise of Labor saw non-Labor politics start to merge into various party incarnations, Labor formed South Australias first majority government after winning the 1910 state election, triggering the merger. The 1910 election came two weeks after federal Labor formed Australias first elected majority government at the 1910 federal election, no Country or rural conservative parties emerged as serious long-term forces in South Australian state politics, often folding into the main non-Labor party. There are six living former premiers, the oldest being Steele Hall, the most recent premier to die was John Bannon on 13 December 2015. In the following timeline, the legend includes the Liberal and Democratic Union, the Liberal Union, the Liberal Party of Australia is represented as Liberal only. The grey area represents the duration of Playmander electoral malapportionment, beginning in 1936, in effect until the 1970 election
16.
John Olsen
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John Wayne Olsen, AO was Premier of South Australia between 28 November 1996 and 22 October 2001. He was twice the parliamentary leader of the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia in the South Australian House of Assembly, from 1982 to 1990 and he unsuccessfully led the party to both the 1985 election and 1989 election. In 1990, Olsen was appointed to a vacancy in the Australian Senate. Due to the Motorola affair where Olsen misled parliament, he resigned the premiership to Rob Kerin several months before the 2002 election where the Liberals lost government, Olsen is the longest-serving Liberal Party of Australia Premier of South Australia and the fourth-longest-serving Leader of the Opposition. Olsen was first elected to the South Australian House of Assembly at the 1979 election as a Liberal in the seat of Rocky River and he had previously been the last mayor of the Corporate Town of Kadina from 1974 to 1977. He represented this seat, renamed Custance at the 1985 election, Olsens political career was marked by a bitter rivalry with Dean Brown, the two representing the conservative and moderate wings of the South Australian Liberal Party respectively. After the 1982 election and the defeat and retirement of David Tonkin, Olsen defeated Brown for the state Liberal Party leadership. Up against the Labor premier John Bannon, Olsen lost both the 1985 election and 1989 election, in the latter election, while the Liberals won a majority of the two-party vote with a five-seat swing, the party came up two seats short of forming majority government. Olsen resigned as state Liberal leader soon after the election and returned to the backbench and he was appointed to the Australian Senate in 1990 to fill a casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Tony Messner. However, in 1992, after less than two years in the Senate, he resigned to return to state politics, the Bannon government was under pressure from the collapse of the State Bank of South Australia. However, Olsens successor as state Liberal leader, Dale Baker, was unable to gain significant ground, Baker resigned as state Liberal leader in 1992 and called a spill for all leadership positions, intending for Olsen to return to his old post. To facilitate this, former Deputy Premier Roger Goldsworthy, a member of the Liberals right wing, resigned his Adelaide Hills seat of Kavel. Olsen returned to the House of Assembly at the 1992 Kavel by-election, on the day as Brown at the 1992 Alexandra by-election. Soon after taking office, Olsen led negotiations with Motorola to build a centre in Adelaide. Motorola decided to open the centre in April after winning a number of incentives, including becoming the supplier for a government radio network, during a September Question Time, Olsen stated that there had been no discussions with Motorola about the radio contract. This statement would ultimately prove to be his undoing, by the fall of 1996, however, the Liberals poll numbers under Dean Brown were stagnating in the face of factional battles and concerns about the slow pace of reform. With a statutory general election due in 1997, two prominent Liberal moderate backbenchers, Joan Hall and Graham Ingerson, threw their support to Olsen. With Hall and Ingersons support, Olsen again challenged for the party leadership in November 1996 and it was the first time a Leader of the Opposition became Premier without winning an election first
17.
Premier of Tasmania
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The Premier of Tasmania is the head of the executive government in the Australian state of Tasmania. By convention, the party or political grouping which has majority support in the House of Assembly will nominate its leader to be Premier, the nominated politician is then invited by the Governor of Tasmania to act as their principal adviser. Before the 1890s, there was no party system in Tasmania. Party labels before that time indicate a general tendency only, the current convention of appointing the Premier from the House of Assembly was not generally applied prior to 1920, with Premiers often appointed from the Legislative Council. The incumbent Premier of Tasmania since the 2014 election is Will Hodgman of the Liberal Party of Australia, as of 24 January 2011, eight former premiers are alive, the oldest being Tony Rundle. The most recent premier to die was Sir Angus Bethune, on 27 August 2004, the most recently serving premier to die was Jim Bacon, on 20 June 2004. List of Premiers of Tasmania by time in office Leader of the Opposition Governors of Tasmania PREMIERS OF TASMANIA Parliament of Tasmania
18.
Jim Bacon
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James Alexander Bacon, AC was Premier of Tasmania from 1998 to 2004. Bacon was born on 15 May 1950 in Melbourne, his father Frank and he was educated at Scotch College and later studied politics at Monash University, but did not graduate. At Monash Bacon was a Maoist student leader, Bacon moved to Western Australia and, after going back on the job as a labourer, became an official of the Builders Labourers Federation, which then sent him to Tasmania as an organiser. He later became leader of the union movement as Secretary of the Tasmanian Trades & Labor Council. Having abandoned communism and joined the Australian Labor Party, Bacon was elected as a Member of the House of Assembly in 1996 and he became leader of the Tasmanian Labor Party in 1997 and narrowly won the state election in 1998, defeating the Liberal Party government under Tony Rundle. It was the first Labor majority since 1982 and his government was re-elected in 2002 in a landslide victory for his party. He controversially appointed Richard Butler to the office Governor of Tasmania in 2003, one of the Bacon Governments most notable achievements was to wipe out a $1.6 billion state net debt in only six years. On Friday 13 February 2004, Bacon received the diagnosis that he was suffering from lung cancer. On 23 February 2004, he announced that he would take a four-week leave of absence from his role of Premier so that he could explore treatment options. After news that he had time left, Bacon stood aside as Premier in March 2004, to spend whatever time was left to him with his family. Paul Lennon, who had been Deputy Premier, succeeded Bacon to become Tasmanias 42nd Premier, Bacon, a 35-year smoker, died as a result of his cancer on 20 June 2004, at Calvary Hospital in Hobart. In 2001 Bacon was awarded an honorary citizenship by Xi Jinping, Bacon had first visited China while at university. He was posthumously awarded the degree of Doctor of Laws honoris causa from the University of Tasmania in August 2004 and his appointment as a Companion of the Order of Australia was announced in June 2005 but made effective from 13 May 2004. The Order of Australia is not awarded posthumously, but Bacon had been nominated before his death, the Foundation was absorbed into the Ricky Ponting Foundation in May 2013. The State Government will continue to fund the $30,000 Jim Bacon Memorial Scholarship at the University of Tasmania, Jim Bacon had four sisters, Jenny, Wendy, Janet and Mary. Bacon had a partnership with Lynnette Francis, and they had two sons, Mark and Scott. Scott Bacon was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly at the 2010 state election, later Bacon married Honey Hogan, who had been a croupier and the public face of Australias first casino, Wrest Point Hotel Casino when it opened in 1973. That marriage gave him a stepson, Shane, Jim Bacons maiden speech to parliament at the Wayback Machine Ludeke, M. Ten Events Shaping Tasmanias History
19.
Premier of Western Australia
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The Premier of Western Australia is the head of the executive branch of government in the Australian state of Western Australia. The Premier has similar functions in Western Australia to those performed by the Prime Minister of Australia at the national level, subject to the different Constitutions. The incumbent Premier of Western Australia is Mark McGowan who won the 2017 state election and was sworn in on 17 March 2017 by Governor Kerry Sanderson as the 30th Premier of Western Australia. The premier must be a member of one of the two Houses of the Parliament of Western Australia, and by convention the premier is a member of the lower house, the Legislative Assembly. He or she is appointed by the governor on the advice of the lower house, consequently, the premier is almost always the leader of the political party or coalition of parties with the majority of seats in the lower house. The office of premier of Western Australia was first formed in 1890, the Constitution of Western Australia does not explicitly provide for a premier, and the office was not formally listed as one of the executive offices until the appointment of Ross McLarty in 1947. Nonetheless, John Forrest immediately adopted the title on taking office as first premier of Western Australia in 1890, John Forrest was the only premier of Western Australia as a self-governing colony. Following the Federation of Australia in 1901, Western Australia became an Australian state, Party politics began in Western Australia with the rise of the Labor party in 1901. By 1904, the party system was entrenched in Western Australian politics, since then the premiers have been associated with political parties. Western Australias constitution contains nothing to preclude the premier being a member of the upper house, historically and by convention, however, the premier is a member of the Assembly. During the economic boom of the 1980s, the Western Australian government became involved with a number of large businesses. A succession of deals were made between the government and businesses, and these ultimately caused great losses for the state, a subsequent royal commission found evidence of widespread corruption. Three former premiers were found to have acted improperly and two of them, Ray OConnor and Brian Burke, were jailed and this scandal became popularly known as WA Inc. As of 4 April 2017, seven former premiers are alive, the oldest being Peter Dowding, the most recent premier to die was Ray OConnor, on 25 February 2013, aged 86. He served as premier for a month before resigning after no seat could be found. b Prior to the 1904 election, no organised political parties existed, walter Kingsmill served as Acting Premier during this time
20.
Richard Court
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Richard Fairfax Court AC, is a former Western Australian politician, serving as Premier of Western Australia from 1993 to 2001. A member of the Liberal Party of Australia, he represented the Perth-area electorate of Nedlands in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1983 to 2001, Court was born into a political family. His father, Sir Charles Court, was the member for Nedlands. His older brother Barry Court was president of the Pastoralists and Graziers Association, married Margaret Court, Richard Court was educated at Hale School and graduated from the University of Western Australia with a Bachelor of Commerce degree in 1968. His time as a government backbencher was short-lived, however, as the opposition Australian Labor Party and its leader, Brian Burke. Court was elevated to the frontbench in 1984, serving as the opposition spokesman for Resources and Industrial Development, Mines. He became deputy leader of the Liberal Party in September 1987, serving under Barry MacKinnon, the Court government was comfortably re-elected in 1996. The Liberals actually won a majority in their own right for the first time ever, also important was the continued logging of old growth forests in the South West of Western Australia. A rejuvenated Labor Party, led since 1996 by Dr Geoff Gallop, on 14 February, Court defied media predictions of his resignation by announcing he would stay for up to eight years. He refused to endorse his long-serving deputy leader and factional rival, Colin Barnett, to continue in the role, under this plan, Barnett and Court would both resign their seats. Barnett would have been offered Bishops seat of Curtin, the safest federal seat in the Perth area, Bishop would contest the resulting by-election in either Nedlands or Barnetts seat of Cottesloe, and Court would hand over the party leadership to Bishop. The plan was announced on the front page of The West Australian in a story by editor Brian Rogers, however, Barnett stated he choked on his Weet-Bix as he read details of the plan in the newspaper, describing it as an act of treachery. Many other Liberal MPs had also not heard of the plan before the story, despite this, Court won the ballot 17–13 against Barnett during a four-hour party-room meeting, with Dan Sullivan being elected as his deputy. By 23 February, the plan had to be scrapped when Bishop, Court was now in an untenable position, and was forced to resign from parliament the next day, leaving Barnett to take the leadership unopposed in the ensuing party-room ballot. On 9 June 2003 Richard Court was awarded the Companion of the Order of Australia, in November 2016, Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop announced that Court would be appointed as Australian Ambassador to Japan in early 2017
21.
Premier of Victoria
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The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the government in the Australian state of Victoria. The Premier is appointed by the Governor of Victoria, and is the leader of the party able to secure a majority in the Legislative Assembly. Responsible government came to the colony of Victoria in 1855, between 1856 and 1892, the head of the government was commonly called the Premier or the Prime Minister, but neither title had any legal basis. The head of government always held another portfolio, usually Chief Secretary or Treasurer, the first head of government to hold the title of Premier without holding another portfolio was William Shiels in 1892. The incumbent Premier of Victoria since the 2014 election is Daniel Andrews of the Australian Labor Party, as of September 2016, six former premiers are alive, the oldest being John Cain. The most recent premier to die was Joan Kirner, on 1 June 2015, department of Premier and Cabinet, Victoria Deputy Premier of Victoria List of Premiers of Victoria by time in office ABC News - Premiers of Victoria
22.
Steve Bracks
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Stephen Phillip Steve Bracks AC is a former Australian politician and the 44th Premier of Victoria. He first won the district of Williamstown in 1994 for the Australian Labor Party and was party leader and premier from 1999 to 2007. Bracks led Labor in Victoria to minority government at the 1999 election, Labor was returned with a majority government after a landslide win at the 2002 election. Labor was elected for a term at the 2006 election with a substantial. Bracks is the second-longest-serving Labor premier in Victorian history, the treasurer, John Brumby, became Labor leader and premier in 2007 when Bracks retired from politics. Steve Bracks was born in Ballarat, where his family owns a fashion business and he is a Lebanese Australian, his paternal grandfather came to Australia as a child from Zahlé in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon in the 1890s. His family were Melkites before immigrating and converting to Roman Catholicism, Bracks was educated in Ballarat at St Patricks College and the Ballarat College of Advanced Education, where he graduated in business studies and education. He became a follower of Australian rules football, supporting the Geelong Football Club. From 1976 to 1981 Bracks was a commerce teacher at Sacred Heart College. During the 1980s he worked in government in Ballarat and then as Executive Director of the Ballarat Education Centre. While in these positions he twice contested the seat of Ballarat North in the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Australian Labor Party, in 1989 Bracks was appointed statewide manager of Victorian state government employment programs, under the Labor government of John Cain. He then became an adviser to both Cain and Cains successor as Premier, Joan Kirner, here he was able to witness from the inside the collapse of the Labor government following the economic and budgetary crisis which began in 1988. This experience gave Bracks a very conservative and cautious view of economic management in government, following the defeat of the Kirner government by the Liberal leader Jeff Kennett in late 1992, Bracks became Executive Director of the Victorian Printing Industry Training Board. One of his children is Nick Bracks, Australian model, Bracks was immediately elected to Labors front bench, as Shadow Minister for Employment, Industrial Relations and Tourism. In 1996, after Labor under John Brumby was again defeated, in March 1999, when it became apparent that Labor was headed for another defeat under Brumbys leadership, Brumby resigned and Bracks was elected Opposition Leader. Political observers were almost unanimous that Bracks had no chance of defeating Liberal premier Jeff Kennett at the September 1999 election, Bracks and his senior colleagues campaigned heavily in regional areas, accusing Kennett of ignoring regional communities. In response, voters in regional areas deserted the Kennett government, on election night, much to its own surprise, Labor increased its seat count from 29 to 41, with the Liberals and their National Party allies retaining 43, and three falling to rural independents. With the Coalition one seat short of government, the election was to be decided in Frankston East and that supplementary election was won by Labor on a large swing, resulting in a hung parliament
23.
Kate Carnell
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Anne Katherine Kate Carnell AO is an Australian businesswoman and former Liberal Party politician, who served as the third Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory from 1995 to 2000. Carnell was born on 30 May 1955, in Brisbane, Queensland and her parents owned a small accounting business. As a teenager she struggled with anorexia and was sent away to recover at Sydney Hospital and she battled the illness for four years. Heading back to Brisbane after her hospitalisation, Carnell returned to her studies and she married husband Ian Carnell in July 1977 and together they moved to Canberra, arriving August 1977. She bought her own business in Red Hill in 1981. She owned and managed the pharmacy until 2000 and she was the inaugural chair of the ACT Branch of the Australian Pharmacy Guild, serving in the position between 1988 and 1994. as well as National Vice-President of the guild between 1990 and 1994. Carnell joined the Liberal Party of Australia in 1991 and was elected to the second ACT Legislative Assembly in 1992 and she became Leader of the Opposition in 1993, succeeding Trevor Kaine. After winning 7 of 17 seats in the 1995 ACT election, the government was re-elected in the 1998 election. Bender died instantly when she was struck by a one kilogram fragment of steel which had been thrown about 430 metres across Lake Burley Griffin by the force of the explosion, the Coroner cleared Carnell as Chief Minister of any personal responsibility. The Coroner did find in his report that the Government had turned the implosion into a public circus, the public was invited by the Government to attend and witness the event, resulting in the largest crowd in Canberras history, in excess of 100,000. The Coroner found that the Government had been cavalier in its attitude to the warnings from a health union about the dangers of some aspects of the proposed implosion. The Coroner summarised that, the evidence on this topic leads me to conclude that Carnell was poorly briefed and advised on this subject matter, the quality of the reply to the HSUA was sacrificed in the interests of speed and expediency. In October 2000, Carnell resigned, pre-empting a no-confidence motion in relation to cost over-runs in the Bruce Stadium redevelopment project. The project had a $27.3 million budget, of which $12.3 million was provided for by the ACT government, however, the project eventually cost $82 million, and was solely funded by the government. An ACT Auditor-Generals review found that the projects $27.3 million cost estimate had not undergone proper assessment, the review also found that while private financing had been included in the project budget, no funds had been offered or provided by the private sector. Carnell resigned as Chief Minister on 17 October 2000, before the motion was moved against her. She was replaced as Chief Minister by Gary Humphries, after resigning her post as the Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory, Carnell has worked in a variety of positions. She made a bid for election to the National Roads
24.
Gary Humphries
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Gary John Joseph Humphries is a Deputy President of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. He was a member of the Australian Senate representing the Australian Capital Territory for the Liberal Party of Australia from 2003 to 2013, Humphries was born in Sydney in 1958 and graduated from the Australian National University in Canberra with a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Laws. In 1977 he was elected President of the ANU Students Association and he worked as a solicitor, a legal office in the ACT Administration, prior to self-government, and political advisor to Senator Amanda Vanstone. Humpries was elected to the unicameral ACT Legislative Assembly at the 1989 election and this election formed the first self-government of the Australian Capital Territory. Humphries represented the Liberal Party in an electorate covering the whole of the ACT. Humphries was re-elected at the 1992, and at the 1995,1998, Humphries variously served in a range of shadow ministerial roles in the Kaine and Carnell oppositions. In late 1989, when Trevor Kaine became the Chief Minister in a parliament, Humphries was appointed Minister for Health, Education. He held this position until the Labor Party led by Rosemary Follett regained government in mid-1991, Humphries became the Leader of the Opposition for a short time in 1991, and again in 2001–02. In December 2002, Humphries was elected by the party membership as nominee to fill a casual vacancy in the Senate caused by the announced resignation of Margaret Reid. Reid formally resigned on 14 February 2003, and Humphries was elected by the ACT Legislative Assembly on 18 February to fill the casual vacancy, the appointment made him the 500th person to serve in the Senate. In 2004 there was speculation the Liberals would reject his preselection for the Senate spot, Humphries was re-elected at the 2004 federal election with 1.1361 quotas.03 quotas. Humphries Senate seat was targeted by online activist organisation GetUp, as part of a campaign to prevent any one party from having a majority of the seats in the federal upper house. The profile of the campaign was bolstered by polling that suggested that, for the first time, Humphries was the first Liberal senator to vote against the Howard Government in its 11. Humphries has served on several Australian Senate committees, including the Select Committee on Mental Health, in 2006, he became Chairman of the Standing Committee on Community Affairs. And is currently the Deputy Chair of the Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs—Legislation Committee, on 23 February 2013 Humphries lost Liberal pre-selection to one of his successors as ACT Liberal Leader, Zed Seselja. This happened with much controversy, in particular over party members, including prominent ones. The result was 114 to 84, or 58% to 42%, a re-election was held on 27 March 2013 with a higher membership turnout and vote, but it failed to overturn the result. The vote, 168-138 or 55%-45%, was closer than the first one, Humphries term as a senator came to end on 6 September 2013, the day before the 2013 election
25.
Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
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The Chief Minister of the Northern Territory is the head of government of the Northern Territory. The office is the equivalent of a State Premier, when the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was created in 1974, the head of government was officially known as Majority Leader. This title was used in the first parliament and the first eighteen months of the second, when self-government was granted the Northern Territory in 1978, the title of the head of government became Chief Minister. The Chief Minister is formally appointed by the Administrator, who in normal circumstances will appoint the head of whichever party holds the majority of seats in the unicameral Legislative Assembly. In times of crisis, the Administrator can appoint someone else as Chief Minister, however. Since 31 August, following the 2016 election, the Chief Minister is Michael Gunner of the Australian Labor Party and he is the first Chief Minister to have been born in the Northern Territory. The Country Liberal Party won the first Northern Territory election on 19 October 1974 and he headed an Executive that carried out most of the functions of a ministry at the state level. At the 1977 election Letts lost his seat and party leadership and he was succeeded on 13 August 1977 by Paul Everingham as Majority Leader. When the Territory attained self-government on 1 July 1978, Everingham became Chief Minister with greatly expanded powers, in 2001, Clare Martin became the first Labor and female Chief Minister of the Northern Territory. Until 2004 the conduct of elections and drawing of boundaries was performed by the Northern Territory Electoral Office. In March 2004 the independent Northern Territory Electoral Commission was established, following the 2016 election landslide outcome, Labors Michael Gunner became Chief Minister
26.
Denis Burke (Australian politician)
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Denis Gabriel Burke was an Australian politician. A former soldier, he served as a Country Liberal Party member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 1994 to 2005. He spent two years as Chief Minister after succeeding Shane Stone, but oversaw the CLPs defeat at the 2001 election, Burke later served as Opposition Leader from 2001 to 2003 before being toppled, but was re-elected as leader in 2005. He subsequently took the party to its defeat at the 2005 election. Burke was born in Townsville, and entered the army as a serviceman in 1969. In a 25-year career, he rose to become Commanding Officer of the Darwin-based 2nd Cavalry Regiment and his army career included overseas service with the United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation peacekeeping in the Middle East in 1984–85. He was a graduate of the Army Command and Staff College and served as an Instructor in Tactics at the United States Armor School, Fort Knox, upon return to Australia he was selected to be the first Army Instructor at the Royal Australian Navy Staff College at HMAS Penguin. Ortmann subsequently contested the seat as an independent, but was defeated by Burke. He rose through the party, and in June 1996, was appointed Attorney-General and he was re-elected at the 1997 election, and was once again promoted, taking on several more minor portfolios, as well as being appointed Vice-President of the Executive Council. In early 1998, he was one of two Country Liberal Party parliamentary delegates to the territorys Statehood Convention. In October 1998 he was appointed as the Leader of Government Business, in February 1999, CLP Chief Minister Shane Stone resigned, and Burke was soon appointed as his replacement. He also continued on as Attorney-General, and took on several additional portfolios, though it had been introduced by the Stone government, much of the controversy surrounding the laws fell to the new Burke government. The policy was toned down slightly for juveniles after Prime Minister John Howard. However, Burkes stance was also to lead to some scandal in late 2000, the comments sparked contempt of court charges and angry criticism from the Chief Justice and the bar. By the time Burke faced his first election at the 2001 election and he called the election on a minor high, only weeks after the beginning of construction on the Adelaide-Darwin Railway, a major infrastructure project that had been planned for decades. The deal was finalised shortly after the election and this had the effect of allowing ALP Opposition Leader Clare Martin to claim that the only way to resist One Nation influence was to vote for the ALP. Several weeks later, Burke apologised for the decision, admitting that the tactic had backfired and had cost him a number of votes, in addition, the election fell against the backdrop of an ALP resurgence across the nation. In the preceding eighteen months, two Liberal state governments that had thought highly secure had fallen to the ALP and two incumbent ALP governments had been easily re-elected
27.
Governor of New South Wales
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The Governor of New South Wales is the viceregal representative of the Australian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, in the state of New South Wales. In an analogous way to the Governor-General of Australia at the national level, the Governor is appointed by the queen on the advice of the Premier of New South Wales, for an unfixed period of time—known as serving At Her Majestys pleasure—though five years is the norm. The current Governor is retired General David Hurley, who succeeded Dame Marie Bashir on 2 October 2014, the office has its origin in the 18th-century colonial governors of New South Wales upon its settlement in 1788, and is the oldest continuous institution in Australia. The office of Governor is required by the New South Wales Constitution Act,1902, besides the administration of the oaths of office, there is no set formula for the swearing-in of a governor-designate. The sovereign will also hold an audience with the appointee and will at that time induct the governor-designate as a Companion of the Order of Australia. The incumbent will generally serve for at least five years, though this is only a convention. The premier may therefore recommend to the Queen that the remain in her service for a longer period of time. A governor may also resign and three have died in office, furthermore, if the Lieutenant Governor becomes incapacitated while serving in the office of Governor, the next most senior judge of the Supreme Court is sworn in as the Administrator. Between 1788 and 1957, all governors were born outside of New South Wales and were members of the Peerage. Taylor once noted that out and governing New South Wales became the British aristocracys abiding consolation. Coincidentally the first Australian-born Governor, Sir John Northcott on 1 August 1946, was also the first Australian-born Governor of any state, the first Governors were all military officers and the majority of governors since have come from a military background, numbering 19. Samuels was the first governor in New South Wales history without either a political, public service or military background, the first woman to hold this position is also the first Lebanese-Australian governor, Dame Marie Bashir. In this capacity, the governor will issue royal proclamations and sign orders in council, the Governor alone is constitutionally mandated to summon parliament. The governor grants Royal Assent in the Queens name, legally, if the governor withholds the Queens assent, the sovereign may within two years disallow the bill, thereby annulling the law in question. No modern viceroy has denied Royal Assent to a bill, with most constitutional functions delegated to Cabinet, the governor acts in a primarily ceremonial fashion. He or she will host members of Australias royal family, as well as foreign royalty, also as part of international relations, the governor receives letters of credence and of recall from foreign consul-generals appointed to Sydney. The governor is also tasked with fostering unity and pride, the governor also traditionally serves as Honorary and Regimental Colonel in the Royal New South Wales Regiment and as Honorary Air Commodore of No.22 Squadron, Royal Australian Air Force. Since 1946, the governor has also always made the Chief Scout of New South Wales
28.
Gordon Samuels
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Gordon Jacob Samuels AC, CVO, QC was a British-Australian lawyer, judge and the Governor of New South Wales from 1996 to 2001. Born in London in 1923, Samuels was educated at University College School and Balliol College, after serving in the Second World War, he was called to the bar and emigrated to Australia in 1949. Serving as a barrister in Sydney, Samuels was made a Queens Counsel in 1964, Samuels was later appointed a Judge of the New South Wales Court of Appeal in 1974, serving till his mandatory retirement in 1993, aged 70. On retirement from law, Samuels became Chairman of the Law Reform Commission of New South Wales, as Governor of New South Wales, he endured significant controversy over the decision not to reside in Government House, Sydney. Despite this he served with distinction and retired in March 2001 and he died aged 84 in December 2007. Samuels was born on 12 August 1923 in London, England and his grandfather, Jacob Samuels, left Lithuania for Edinburgh. He travelled to Australia and married Mary Michaelson, who he had met in Edinburgh and they ran a general store in Walcha, New South Wales, where Samuels father, Harry, was born. Harry ran a cinema in Moree before going to war in France with his brother, Lou, Harry married Zelda Glass after the war and they settled in Cricklewood, London, where Samuels was born. Samuels was educated at University College School and Balliol College, Oxford, at Oxford he was awarded the degree of a Master of Arts. When the Second World War broke out, he joined the British Army in 1942, serving in the Royal Artillery in the 96th Field Regiment, serving in Northern Ireland, India and Malaya, Samuels was demobilised in 1946. Entering the legal profession, Samuels was called to the bar at Inner Temple in 1948, the following year he emigrated to Australia and worked as a clerk for Dawson Waldron Edwards and Nicholls. Called to the New South Wales bar in 1952, Samuels gained a reputation as being a persuasive advocate and he married Jacqueline Kott in 1957 and had two daughters. Between 1964 and 1970, he was the Challis Lecturer of Law in Pleading at the University of Sydney, in 1964, he was appointed Queens Counsel for New South Wales and later for Victoria in 1965. In 1971, Samuels was elected as the President of the New South Wales Bar Association, in 1972, Samuels was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, being elevated to the Court of Appeal in 1974. As a Judge of Appeal until 1992, and as an Acting Judge afterwards until 1993, on Samuels time as a Judge, Justice Michael Kirby commented, His talents as an appellate judge shone brightly. No judge was more gifted in delivering accurate and elegant ex-tempore reasons immediately following argument and he displayed a command of facts and law and the well-furnished mind that he brought to the resolution of every judicial problem. While a Judge of Appeal, Samuels performed many public functions. A member of the University of New South Wales Council from 1969, on 8 June 1987, Samuels was made a Companion of the Order of Australia for service to learning, to the community and to law
29.
Governor of Queensland
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The Governor of Queensland is the representative in the state of Queensland of the Queen of Australia. In an analogous way to the Governor-General of Australia at the national level, in particular the Governor has the power to appoint and dismiss the Premier of Queensland and all other Ministers in the Cabinet, and issue writs for the election of the state Parliament. The current Governor, Paul de Jersey, was sworn in on 29 July 2014, as from June 2014, The Queen, upon the recommendation of then-Premier Campbell Newman, accorded all current, future and living former Governors the title The Honourable in perpetuity. The Governor of Queensland has resided at Government House, Brisbane since 1910, the mansion, set in 14 hectares of gardens and bushland in the Brisbane suburb of Bardon, is also known as Fernberg. Unlike Fernberg, the original Government House was purpose-built and was used from 1862 to 1910, the office of Governor is established by the Constitution of Queensland. Nevertheless, the Governor retains the powers of the Crown, and has the right to appoint and dismiss Ministers, issue pardons. Sir Joh elected to resign on 1 December 1987, the Governor is head of the Executive Council, a Queensland equivalent to the Federal Executive Council. The Council is composed of ministers from the government of the day, the Chief Justice of Queensland and other judges in the Queensland judicial system are appointed by the Governor acting on the advice of the Executive Council. The first Australian- born Governor of Queensland was Lieutenant-General Sir John Lavarack and his successor, Sir Henry Abel Smith was British. All subsequent governors have been Australian-born, except for Leneen Forde, four former governors of Queensland are alive, the oldest being Leneen Forde. The most recent death of a governor was that of Sir Walter Campbell. Administrators and Lieutenant-Governors are deputy roles generally appointed to carry out the duties of the Governor when the Governor is unavailable, the following are the Administrators and Lieutenant-Governors of Queensland, Official Website of the Governor of Queensland
30.
Governor of South Australia
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The Governor of South Australia is the representative in the Australian state of South Australia of Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. The Governor performs the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the level as does the Governor-General of Australia at the national level. The Governors official residence is Government House, in Adelaide, the states capital, nevertheless, the Governor retains the reserve powers of the Crown, and has the right to dismiss the Premier. The Westminster system is a form of constitutional monarchy, the first Australian-born Governor of South Australia was Major-General Sir James Harrison, and most subsequent governors have been Australian-born. The first South Australian-born governor was Sir Mark Oliphant, the current governor is Hieu Van Le. The term of the governor, Rear Admiral Kevin Scarce. As from June 2014, the Queen, upon the recommendation of the Premier, accorded all current, future and these people administered the government in the absence of the official governor. Three former governors are alive, the oldest being Sir Eric Neal, the latest-serving former governor to die was Dame Roma Mitchell, on 5 March 2000. The most recent death of a governor was that of Sir Keith Seaman. The Official Website of the Governor of South Australia Previous governors on official website
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Eric Neal
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Sir Eric James Neal AC CVO FTSE HonFAIB is a retired Australian businessman and public officer. He is a former Governor of South Australia, Commissioner of Sydney, Neal trained as an engineer at the South Australian School of Mines, and became a successful businessman. The peak of his career was fourteen years as CEO of Boral and he was also a Director of John Fairfax Holdings, BHP, Coca-Cola Amatil and AMP Limited and Chairperson of Westpac and Atlas Copco Australia Pty Ltd. In 1984, Neal was listed as one of Australias 125 best remunerated business executives by Australian Business magazine, in 1992, journalist Andrew Cornell described him as a tough, frequently autocratic businessman. Not withstanding, he oversaw 14 years of consecutive and rising profits for shareholders and history has shown that his views and decisions made whilst on the Westpac Board were correct. He has chaired various government advisory bodies and served as National Chairman, Duke of Edinburghs Award, President of the Order of Australia Association and he was Chief Commissioner of the City of Sydney and a member of the Senate of the University of Sydney. Neal was appointed Governor of South Australia in 1996, and became the first person from the community to take up residence in Government House in Adelaide. He held the position until 2001, after which he served as Chancellor of Flinders University from 2002 until 2010, Neal is a former Honorary Air Commodore of the City of Adelaide Squadron of the RAAF and Honorary Colonel of the Royal South Australia Regiment. He is also an Honorary life member of the Returned and Services League of Australia, in 1981, Sir Eric was appointed to a committee tasked with reviewing Australia’s Higher Defence Organisation. In 2009 he commenced his role in public office, serving as Chair of the Veterans Advisory Council in South Australia. This culminated in the opening of the Memorial Walk in Kintore Avenue, Neal retired from the position in 2016, concluding 76 years in private and public sector employment. Flinders University named its Engineering Building after him, on 17 April 2007, Sir Eric Neal accepted the offer of the Adelaide University Soccer Club Blacks invitation to become the clubs patron. First Principal Patron of the Freemasons Foundation Centre for Mens Health at the University of Adelaide, Honorary doctorates from the University of Sydney, University of South Australia and Flinders University. Patron of the Port Adelaide Football Club, gold Distinguished Service Medal, Duke of Edinburghs International Award, Australia Neal married Joan Bowden in 1949 and their first son was born in 1951 in Broken Hill. A second son was born in 1963 in Ballarat
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Governor of Tasmania
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The Governor of Tasmania is the representative in the Australian state of Tasmania of Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. The Governor performs the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the level as the Governor-General of Australia does at the national level. Nevertheless, the Governor retains the powers of the Crown. See Governors of the Australian states for a description and history of the office of Governor, the official residence of the Governor is Government House located at the Queens Domain. The first Australian-born Governor of Tasmania was Sir Stanley Burbury, the first Tasmanian-born governor was Sir Guy Green. Since Burbury, all Tasmanian governors have been Australian-born, except for Peter Underwood, on 10 November, Premier Will Hodgman announced that University of Tasmania legal academic Kate Warner would be appointed as the states first female governor. Warner was sworn in on 10 December, between 1804 and 1813, Van Diemens Land was divided along the 42nd parallel, and the two sections governed as separate Lieutenant-Governorships under the Governor of New South Wales. Collins was the officially appointed Lieutenant-Governor—upon his death in 1810. The northern settlement at Port Dalrymple was administered by four Commandants until the settlements were merged to form the colony under the governorship of Thomas Davey in 1813. The colony was called Van Diemens Land until 1856, four former governors are alive, the oldest being Sir Phillip Bennett. The latest-serving former governor to die was Sir Stanley Burbury, on 24 April 1995, the most recently serving governor to die was Peter Underwood, who died in office on 7 July 2014. Governors and Lieutenant Governors of Tasmania Parliamentary Library - Governors of Tasmania
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Guy Green (judge)
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Sir Guy Stephen Montague Green, AC, KBE, CVO was the Governor of Tasmania from 1995 to 2003. He was the first Tasmanian-born governor of the state, although not the first Australian-born, Guy Green was born in Launceston, and attended the Launceston Church Grammar School. He studied law at the University of Tasmanias Hobart Campus, graduating with honours in 1960. He was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Tasmania from 1973 until 1995, the culmination of a career in law in Tasmania. He was also involved in the University of Tasmania, serving as chancellor before his appointment as governor. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws by the university in 1996, sir Guy was also chancellor of the Australian Priory of the Order of St John of Jerusalem before assuming Vice-Regal office. On 11 May 2003, the Governor-General Peter Hollingworth stood aside following a controversy about his past handling of abuse allegations. Green, the state governor, was appointed Administrator of the Commonwealth. Hollingworth later announced that he would not be returning to the position, Green served as Administrator until Michael Jeffery took office in August 2003. He retired afterwards and was replaced as Tasmanian governor by Richard Butler and he was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001. Guy Green The Hon. Guy Green The Hon, sir Guy Green, KBE The Hon. Sir Guy Green, AC, KBE His Excellency the Hon, sir Guy Green, AC, KBE, 24th Governor of Tasmania His Excellency the Hon. Sir Guy Green, AC, KBE, CVO, 24th Governor of Tasmania The Hon, sir Guy Green, AC, KBE, CVO
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Governor of Western Australia
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The Governor of Western Australia is the representative in Western Australia of the Queen of Australia, Elizabeth II. Furthermore, all Bills passed by the Parliament of Western Australia require the Governors signature before they become Acts, the current governor is Kerry Sanderson, who is the first woman to hold the position. She succeeded Malcolm McCusker in October 2014, until the appointment of Sir James Mitchell in 1948, all governors of Western Australia had been British officials. The Governor of Western Australia is styled Her Excellency during her term in office, in August 2014, three of the four living past governors – John Sanderson, Ken Michael, and Malcolm McCusker – were given the title The Honourable, on the recommendation of the premier. The other living former governor, Michael Jeffery, already held the title and this is a list of Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of Western Australia. Stirling had said of his own position, I believe I am the first Governor who ever formed a settlement without Commission, Laws, Instructions, four former governors are alive, the oldest being Michael Jeffery. The most recent governor to die was Sir Francis Burt, on 8 September 2004, Government House, Perth Government House, Western Australia, The Official Website of the Governor of Western Australia
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Michael Jeffery
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From Perth, Jeffery graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, and served in the Malayan Emergency and the Vietnam War, being awarded the Military Cross during the latter conflict. He was at various stages commander of the Special Air Service Regiment and the 1st Division, after serving for seven years in the equivalent viceregal role in Western Australia, Jeffery was appointed governor-general in 2003, following the resignation of Peter Hollingworth. He was the first career Australian Army officer to hold the position, Jeffery was born in Wiluna, Western Australia and was educated at Kent Street Senior High School. At 16 he left Perth to attend the Royal Military College, Duntroon, after graduation in 1958, he served in a number of junior positions before being posted to Malaya in 1962 for operational service. From 1966 to 1969 he served in Papua New Guinea, during this posting, he married Marlena Kerr of Sydney, with whom he had three sons and a daughter. This was followed by a tour of duty in Vietnam during which he was awarded the Military Cross, Jeffery remained convinced that Australias participation in the Vietnam War was right. I believe passionately that Vietnam was a just cause in the circumstances of the time, in 1972 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, commanding the 2nd Battalion of the Pacific Islands Regiment from 1974 to 1975. From 1982 to 1983 he headed Australias national counter-terrorist co-ordination authority, in 1985 he was promoted to major general, being appointed to command the 1st Division the following year. In 1990 he became Deputy Chief of the General Staff and in 1991 he was appointed Assistant Chief of the General Staff for Materiel, in November 1993 Jeffery was appointed Governor of Western Australia and in June 1996 he was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia. He was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order on 1 April 2000, during his seven years in the post he made a number of public statements of his conservative views on marriage, sex and education. He received some criticism from the Labor opposition and sections of the media for appearing to take positions on political issues, following the resignation of Peter Hollingworth as governor-general, the prime minister, John Howard, announced on 22 June 2003 that he had chosen Jeffery to succeed Hollingworth. He was formally appointed by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia and sworn in on 11 August 2003 and it is expected that future governors-general will serve in this position. Jeffery was the Chief Scout of Australia, Jeffery was an active Chief Scout. Jeffery left Yarralumla prior to the swearing-in of his successor, Quentin Bryce, Bryce was sworn in on 5 September 2008. Founder and first Chairman, Future Directions International Future Directions International is an independent and it was established in 2000 by General Jeffery together with a small group of leading Australians to conduct comprehensive research of important medium to long-term issues facing Australia. The elimination of blinding trachoma from Australia, and from remote Aboriginal communities in particular has been a focus of the Trust in Australia. Chairman Outcomes Australia Outcomes Australia describes itself as “a not-for-profit organisation for change”, “Their stated purpose is to ensure that Australia has optimal solutions to problems that impact on the entire community directly, or indirectly. The Outcomes approach is not to devise solutions, but to find successful, gillard noted that the condition of our soils must be a national priority
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John Sanderson
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Born in Geraldton, Western Australia on 4 November 1940, John Sanderson completed his secondary education at Bunbury High School in 1957 before entering the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1958. He graduated in 1961 and was commissioned into the Royal Australian Engineers in December 1961, after completing a Fellowship Diploma in Civil Engineering at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Sanderson had a series of regimental postings. These included second in command of 10 Field Squadron and Troop Commander and Construction Officer of 21 Construction Squadron on operational service in Sabah and he was promoted to captain in 1965. He returned to Australia to command 23 Construction Squadron at Holsworthy prior to taking up command of 17 Construction Squadron in South Vietnam at the end of 1970. Sanderson was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1975 after serving for a period as a Staff Officer at the Headquarters of Field Force Command. His initial appointment as Staff Officer Grade 1 at the Directorate of Engineers was followed by two years as the Exchange Instructor at the British Army Staff College, Camberley. He commanded the 1st Field Engineer Regiment from 1979 to 1980, Sanderson was appointed as the Military Assistant to the Chief of the General Staff in late 1981, serving in that capacity until being promoted to colonel as Director of Army Plans in 1983. From June 1985 to the middle of 1986 he attended the U. S. Army War College, after a six-month period as Chairman of the Army Reserve Review Committee, he assumed command of the 1st Brigade at Holsworthy. Sanderson served as Chief of Staff Land Command for a period in 1989 and was then promoted to major general. In this role he was tasked to develop and carry out reforms to the Higher ADF Staff. This position was renamed to Chief of Army in 1997, on 18 August 2000, Sanderson was sworn in as 29th Governor of Western Australia. Sanderson retired as Governor of Western Australia in June 2005 after his term of office expired and his successor, Dr Ken Michael, was sworn in on 18 January 2006. 2009 The reconciliation journey Swearing In Ceremony – Address in Reply, Governor of Western Australia Portrait, 1989-04-18, Major General John Sanderson, timeline, Lieutenant General John Murray Sanderson, AC.2005 portrait by Heide Smith
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Governor of Victoria
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The Governor of Victoria is the representative in the Australian state of Victoria of its monarch, Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia and is one of the Governors of the Australian states. The governor performs the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the level as does the Governor-General of Australia at the federal level. The governors office and official residence is Government House next to the Royal Botanic Gardens, the Governor of Victoria is appointed by the Queen of Australia on the advice of the Premier of Victoria. The current Governor of Victoria is former judge Linda Dessau, Victorias first female governor, nevertheless, the governor retains the reserve powers of the Crown, and has the right to dismiss the premier. The governor of Victoria is appointed by the queen of Australia, on the advice of the premier of Victoria, to act as her representative as head of state in Victoria. The governor acts at the pleasure, meaning that the term of the governor can be terminated at any time by the queen acting upon the advice of the premier. Upon appointment, he or she becomes a viceroy, the governors main responsibilities fall into three categories – constitutional, ceremonial and community engagement. In 1984, the Personal Standard of the Governor of Victoria was changed to the State Flag of Victoria, with the blue background replaced by gold, above the Southern Cross is the Royal Crown. Previously, the used by Victorian governors after 1870 had been the Union Jack with the Badge of the State of Victoria emblazoned in the centre. Between 1903 and 1953, the Tudor Crown was used on the State Flag and Governors Standard, the Governor’s Standard is flown at Government House and on vehicles conveying the governor. The Standard is lowered over Government House when the governor is absent from Victoria, there is also a lieutenant-governor and an administrator. The Chief Justice of Victoria is ex officio the Administrator, unless he or she is the lieutenant-governor, in which case, the lieutenant-governor takes on the responsibilities of the governor when that post is vacant or when the governor is out of the state or unable to act. The administrator takes on those duties if both the governor and lieutenant-governor are not able to act for the above reasons, see Governors of the Australian states for a description and history of the office of governor. Until the appointment of Victorian-born Sir Henry Winneke in 1974, the Governors of Victoria were British, prior to the separation of the colony of Victoria from New South Wales in 1851, the area was called the Port Phillip District of New South Wales. The Governor of New South Wales appointed superintendents of the District, in 1839 Charles La Trobe was appointed superintendent. La Trobe became Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria on separation on 1 July 1851, between 1850 and 1861, the Governor of New South Wales was titled Governor-General of New South Wales, in an attempt to form a federal structure. Until Victoria obtained responsible government in 1855, the Governor-General of New South Wales appointed lieutenant-governors to Victoria, on Victoria obtaining responsible government in May 1855, the title of the then incumbent lieutenant-governor, Captain Sir Charles Hotham, became governor. As of July 2015, four former governors are alive, the oldest being John Landy, the most recent governor to die was Davis McCaughey, on 25 March 2005
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James Gobbo
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Sir James Augustine Gobbo AC, CVO, QC is a retired Australian jurist and was the 25th Governor of Victoria. James Gobbo was born in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1931, to Italian parents who returned to Italy shortly after his birth and he spoke no English at the time of his return, then aged 7. Gobbo attended Xavier College where he won the 1948 APS Head of the River before studying law at the University of Melbourne during which time he lived at Newman College. In 1951 he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship, with which he attained a Master of Arts degree at Magdalen College, Gobbo married former librarian Shirley Lewis in 1957, and has five children. His son James Gobbo, Jr. was the Liberal candidate for the district of Bentleigh in the 2006 Victorian state election, after many years as a barrister and later as a Queens Counsel, Gobbo was appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria. He served from 18 July 1978 until he retired from the bench on 14 February 1994, Gobbo served as Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria from 1995 until he was appointed Governor of Victoria in 1997 by HM Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of the Victorian premier, Jeff Kennett. He was the first Australian state governor of Italian descent and his term of office was to be shorter than the usual five years, due to the uncertain outcome of the looming 1999 Australian republic referendum. If a republic had come into effect, then the governorship of Victoria would have been abolished from 1 January 2001, in August 2000 the new Premier Steve Bracks announced that Gobbos successor would be John Landy, who would take up his post in January 2001. Gobbo immediately made it known that he had had an understanding with Kennett for an extension of his term beyond 2000, and expressed deep disappointment that this was not now to occur. However, this understanding must have been private, since Kennetts letter of appointment stated that any extension beyond 31 December 2000 would be a matter for the Premier of the day, Bracks said that he had no knowledge of any such understanding. After leaving office, Gobbo took up the position of Commissioner for Italy for the Victorian Government until June 2006 and has continued on various boards. In 2006, he was the Chair of the Council of the National Library of Australia and the Council of the Order of Australia and Chair of the Australian Multicultural Foundation. Gobbo was made Knight Bachelor in 1981 and became a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1993 and he was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001 and is also a Knight of Malta. Judiciary of Australia List of Judges of the Supreme Court of Victoria Victorian Bar Association
39.
Administrator of the Northern Territory
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The Administrator of the Northern Territory is an official appointed by the Governor-General of Australia to represent the government of the Commonwealth in the Northern Territory. He/She performs functions similar to those of a state governor, the Northern Territory received self-government on 1 July 1978, in accordance with the provisions of the Northern Territory Act 1978. Since then, the practice has arisen that in making an appointment the Governor-General-in-Council will act on the recommendation of the Northern Territory Government. In practice, however, the Administrator performs a similar role to that of a state governor. The Administrator formally appoints the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, in all but a few cases, he or she is required by convention to act on the Cabinets advice. The Administrator gives royal assent to all bills passed by the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, although the Governor-General has the power to veto any territorial bill, in practice this right is almost never exercised. The office of the Deputy of the Administrator was created in 1997, the present Administrator is John Hardy, OAM. Alice Springs was known as Stuart town from 1888 to 1933, the office of the Deputy of the Administrator was established in 1997. Government House, Darwin Governors of the Australian states Darwin Rebellion Government House, Northern Territory, Office of the Administrator – official site
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Neil Conn
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Neil Raymond Conn AO is an Australian economist and former Administrator of the Northern Territory. Conn was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II as Lord Prior of the Order of Saint John in 2014 and he was succeeded by Sir Malcolm Ross in 2016. Conn studied economics at the University of Sydney, graduating BSc and he studied for his doctorate at Duke University in the United States, before lecturing in economics at Sydney University from 1961 to 1975. He left the university in 1975 to work for two years as Principal Administrator with the OECD in Paris, followed by four years as Deputy Secretary of the New South Wales Treasury. Following his retirement as administrator, Conn became foundation chairman of Original IT Investments Pty Ltd, Conn was appointed a deputy prior of the Order of Saint John in Australia in 1997. He served as chairman of St John Ambulance Australia from 2004 to 2007, at the 2007 St John Ambulance Australia National Priory Conference, he was nominated as chancellor of the St John Priory in Australia, replacing Villis Marshall. In 2014, Conn was promoted as the Lord Prior of the Order of Saint John and he was succeeded by Sir Malcolm Ross in 2016. The Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem Government of Australia Conns profile on the Northern Territory Government website Order of St John website Whos Who in Australia
