1.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
2.
Television network
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Until the mid-1980s, television programming in most countries of the world was dominated by a small number of broadcast networks. Many early television networks evolved from earlier radio networks, such networks are commonly referred to by terms such as specialty channels in Canada or cable networks in the U. S. A network may or may not produce all of its own programming, if not, production companies can distribute their content to the various networks, and it is common that a certain production firm may have programs that air on two or more rival networks. Similarly, some networks may import television programs from other countries, some stations have the capability to interrupt the network through the local insertion of television commercials, station identifications and emergency alerts. Others completely break away from the network for their own programming and this is common where small networks are members of larger networks. The majority of television stations are self-owned, even though a variety of these instances are the property of an owned-and-operated television network. The commercial television stations can also be linked with an educational broadcasting agency. It is also important to note that some countries have launched national television networks, on the other hand, television networks also undergo the impending experience of major changes related to cultural varieties. The emergence of television has made available in major media markets. Such a diverse captive audience presents an occasion for the networks and this is explained by author Tim P. Vos notes that policymakers did not expressly intend to create a broadcast order dominated by commercial networks. In fact, legislative attempts were made to limit the networks preferred position, as to individual stations, modern network operations centers usually use broadcast automation to handle most tasks. A major international network is the British Broadcasting Corporation, which is perhaps most well known for its news agency BBC News. Owned by the Crown, the BBC operates primarily in the United Kingdom and it is funded by the television licence paid by British residents that watch terrestrial television and as a result, no commercial advertising appears on its networks. Outside of the UK, advertising is broadcast because the licence fee applies to the BBCs British operations. 23,000 people worldwide are employed by the BBC and its subsidiary, other networks are dedicated to specialized programming, such as religious content or programs presented in languages other than English, particularly Spanish. The largest television network in the United States, however, is the Public Broadcasting Service, some public television outlets, such as PBS, carry separate digital subchannel networks through their member stations. This works as each network sends its signal to many local affiliated stations across the country. These local stations then carry the feed, which can be viewed by millions of households across the country
3.
Television station
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A television station is a business, organisation or other enterprise, such as an amateur television operator, that transmits content over terrestrial television. A television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, broadcast television systems standards are set by the government, and these vary around the world. Television stations broadcasting over a system were typically limited to one television channel. The term television station is normally applied to television stations. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements, most commercial television stations are owned independently, but many are either affiliated with a television network or are owned-and-operated by a television network. Another form a television station may take is non-commercial educational and considered public broadcasting, some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs. To get a signal from the control room to the transmitter. The link can be either by radio or T1/E1, a transmitter/studio link may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of the main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air, the license usually specifies which other station is it allowed to carry. In North America, full-power stations on band I are generally limited to 100 kW analog video and 10 kW analog audio, stations on band III can go up by 5dB to 316 kW video,31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1, UHF, by comparison, has a much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, despite this, in the U. S. the Federal Communications Commission is taking another large portion of this band away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown, since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in a variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials and they may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network, or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies, many stations have some sort of television studio, which on major-network stations is often used for newscasts or other local programming. There is usually a department, where journalists gather information
4.
299 Queen Street West
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It is now head offices and downtown Toronto studios for Bell Media. Current occupants include Bravo, BNN, CP24, The Comedy Network, Comedy Gold, investigation Discovery, Gusto, MTV, MTV2, MuchMusic and Space. In addition, selected CTV programs, including eTalk, The Marilyn Denis Show, aside from the CTV network programming, Toronto station CFTO-TV has relatively little presence at the Queen Street facility. Group tours of the facilities are held by email request, the five-storey building was originally constructed as the headquarters of the Methodist Church of Canada in 1913 by Burke, Horwood and White. The Methodists joined with two denominations to form the United Church of Canada in 1925, for which the building served as the headquarters until 1959. By this time the Ryerson Press, originally the publishing arm of the Methodist Church, had grown to occupy the entire building. In 1979, family owned CHUM purchased the rest of Citytv to which it did not yet own, after two years of outfitting for it broadcast operations, it was re-opened in May 1987 as the new headquarters for the company and its various outlets, including Citytv Toronto. The buildings east wall was decorated with an older style news truck seemingly bursting out of the building. The truck bore the old CityPulse Live-Eye decal, which has been overhauled with the CP24 Breaking News decal following the acquisition by CTVglobemedia. Previously, the northwest corner of the used to contain a Speakers Corner videobooth. While the outside facade has been restored and remains intact, the interior has been modernized into one of the worlds most innovative media complexes. 299 Queen Street West was designed to have no TV studios, the building has been engineered so that public space, working areas, offices, stairwells, and even the parking lot may all be used as optimal shoot locations. The ground floor at the corner of Queen and John features giant glass sliding partitions so that the building can be open to the street. The annual MuchMusic Video Awards show is held as a party that takes place in the parking lot, studios, rooftop, as well as Queen. Queen and John is subsequently shut down from the early-afternoon into the evening every Fathers Day when the show occurs each June, various corporate divisions, such as eTalk, Star. FashionTelevisionChannel and Canada AM, collaborated on the event coverage, additionally the Bravo sign above the CP24 studios was replaced with a Bell Media sign after the acquisition by Bell Canada. Citytv Toronto officially moved out of 299 Queen Street West into its new home at 33 Dundas Street East on September 8,2009 and it was announced in 2008 that Toronto radio operations including, CHUM and CHUM-FM, would be relocating to adjacent building 250 Richmond Street West. The iconic CHUM Dial 1050 / Radio 1045 sign was unveiled on June 15,2009, BNN later moved into the building on December 6,2010, and uses the space previously utilized by Citytvs CityNews department, the BNN newsroom is adjacent to that of CP24s newsroom
5.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
6.
CHUM Limited
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CHUM Limited was a media company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from 1945 to 2007. In addition, CHUM controlled 33 radio stations across Canada, at various points in its history, CHUM owned other radio stations and ATV/Atlantic Satellite Network in Atlantic Canada. CHUM was taken over by Bell Globemedia, owner of the CTV Television Network in July 2006, regulatory approval was made conditional on the sale of CHUMs five Citytv stations to Rogers Communications. CTVglobemedia took control of CHUMs other assets effective June 22,2007, the company itself has since been renamed CTV Limited and continues operation as a subsidiary of Bell Media. Its radio broadcasting division, CHUM Radio has since became Bell Media Radio after Bell Canada took control of CTVs assets and its Toronto radio stations TSN RADIO1050 and 104.5 CHUM-FM continues use CHUM as their stations call sign. However, CHUM no longer operates as a company separate from its new parent. The headquarters were located at 299 Queen Street West in Toronto, with the sale of CTVglobemedia to Bell Canada as announced in September 2010, Bell would take control of most of CHUMs former assets for the first time. And CTVglobemedia became known as Bell Media in April 1,2011, after the deal to purchase the stations was finalized and the CHUM name was completely phased out from its new entity. CHUM Limited began its operations when CHUM-AM was founded in 1945 by four Toronto businessmen, including Al Leary, a former sportscaster, CHUM received its licence in late November 1944 to operate a station with 1000 watts. CHUM launched as a radio station under York Broadcasters Limited on 28 October 1945. Jack Part, an entrepreneur in the business of patent medicines, the station, then operating from studios in the Mutual Street Arena, broadcast a format typical of the late 1940s, with a combination of information, music, and sports. When CHUM was about to debut, Leary told the press that the new station would be known for community service and in-depth news, in addition to live talent, Allan Waters, a salesman from Parts patent medicine business took control of CHUM-AM in 1954. Waters first major move was to secure a licence for 24-hour-a-day broadcasting for CHUM, on April 17,1959, the name York Broadcasters was changed to Radio CHUM1050 Ltd. The CHUM studios were moved from 250 Adelaide Street West to 1331 Yonge Street, Toronto, CHUM-FM104.5, however, began broadcasting in 1963 under the Classical Music/Fine Arts format. Alex Forbes, whose accounting firm Ewin & Forbes had been CHUMs auditor since 1952 and he would play a pivotal role in the companys development. On May 12,1967, under the corporate name CHUM Limited, CHUM-AM launched the CHUM Christmas Wish, evolving out of The CHUM Kids Crusade, and operating in conjunction with The CHUM Charitable Foundation. This would become an event for over forty years under the CHUM-City Christmas Wish and currently. CITY-TV – the Toronto UHF station launched with great flair and style in 1972 by Moses Znaimer – ran into debt by 1975
7.
Bell Media
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CTVglobemedia, was one of Canadas largest private media companies. Its operations included newspaper publishing, television broadcasting and production, radio broadcasting, in September 2010, Bell announced plans to re-acquire full control of the groups broadcasting assets. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approved the Bell/CTV portion of the deal in March 2011, the company was renamed Bell Media when the deal closed in April 2011, with Bells sympatico. ca Internet portal becoming part of Bell Media. CTVglobemedias main asset was CTV Inc. a major Canadian broadcaster, CTV and its subsidiaries own the following broadcast television assets, CTV, Canadas oldest, largest, and most-watched private broadcast television network, including 21 owned and operated stations. Along with broadcast television stations, CTVglobemedia also owned 30 cable television specialty channels, for all practical purposes, CTVglobemedia is the successor to Baton Broadcasting Inc. which by the late 1990s had become one of Canadas largest broadcasters. Baton Aldred Rogers Broadcasting Ltd. was originally formed in 1960 to operate Torontos first private TV station, the original investors included the Bassett and Eaton families, Joel Aldred and Ted Rogers, and Foster Hewitt in a much smaller role. Aldred sold his shares in 1961, followed by Rogers by 1970, with the Bassett and Eaton families firmly in control, CFTO was one of the charter affiliates of CTV when that network formed in 1961, becoming the networks flagship. In 1966, Baton became a part-owner in the network when it was reorganized as a station-owned cooperative, the Board of Broadcast Governors was initially skeptical about the proposal to turn CTV into a cooperative. Since CFTO was by far the largest and richest station in the network, additionally, if one owner ever bought another station, the acquired stations shares would be redistributed among the remaining owners so that each owner would still have one vote out of eight. In 1972, Baton began purchasing other CTV affiliates, starting with CFQC-TV in Saskatoon and this did not, however, give Baton a substantially higher investment in CTV, since its shares were redistributed among the other owners. As a result, Baton still had one vote out of eight. In 1987, Baton began an effort to take over CTV. It started this drive with an expansion into Saskatchewan, purchasing CKCK-TV in Regina, Yorkton twinstick CKOS-TV/CICC-TV. A twinstick CTV affiliate was soon launched in Prince Albert, CIPA-TV, in the late 1980s, Baton applied for a high-power station in Ottawa on channel 60. The licence was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, appealed to federal cabinet by rival broadcasters, however the licence was surrendered when Baton was instead able to acquire the local CTV affiliate, CJOH-TV, from Allan Slaights Standard Broadcasting. In 1990, Baton purchased the MCTV system of operations in Pembroke, North Bay, Sudbury, Timmins. In 1993, Baton purchased CFPL-TV in London, CKNX-TV in Wingham and received a licence for a new independent station, CHWI-TV, in 1991, the company launched Ontario Network Television, a secondary affiliation carried by Batons CTV and independent stations in Ontario. This was expanded in 1994 into the Baton Broadcast System, or BBS, BBS was meant as a backup in case Batons ongoing acquisitions did not translate into control of CTV itself
8.
City (TV network)
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City is a Canadian television network owned by the Rogers Media subsidiary of Rogers Communications. CHUM Limited was acquired by CTVglobemedia in 2007, to comply with Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ownership limits, the network grew through further affiliations with three Jim Pattison Group-owned stations, along with Rogers acquisition of SCN and Montreals CJNT-DT. With its studios located at 99 Queen Street East near Church Street, the station was in debt by 1975. Multiple Access Ltd. purchased a 45% interest in the station, CHUM Limited acquired the station outright in 1981. Broadcasting on UHF channel 79 during its first decade, the moved to channel 57 in 1983. In 1987, the station moved its headquarters to 299 Queen Street West, formerly known as the Ryerson Press Building, on September 8,2009, CITY moved to its current location at Yonge-Dundas Square at 33 Dundas Street East. Citytv gained a second station in Vancouver when CHUM bought CKVU from Canwest Global Communications in 2001, the station became known as Citytv Vancouver on July 22,2002. Prior to CHUMs acquisition of CKVU, some Citytv programming was syndicated to KVOS in nearby Bellingham, in 2004, CHUM bought Craig Media, parent of the A-Channel system in Manitoba and Alberta. The Craig-owned A-Channel stations were relaunched as Citytv on August 2,2005, CHUM Limited announced plans to sell its broadcasting assets to CTV parent CTVglobemedia on July 12,2006. CTVgm intended to retain CHUMs Citytv system while divesting CHUMs A-Channel stations, the Edmonton and Calgary stations also began broadcasting a daily 30-minute magazine show, Your City, instead of a full-fledged newscast. The Vancouver news operation, which had operated for 30 years under various owners, in the same month, Citytv Toronto became the first television station in Canada to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition. The following year on June 8, the CRTC approved the CTV takeover of CHUM, however, the CRTC made the deal conditional on CTV divesting itself of Citytv, because there were already CTV owned-and-operated stations serving the same cities. Without the divestment, CTV would have exceeded the CRTCs concentration of ownership limits. CTV announced on June 11,2007, that it would retain the A-Channel stations, the transaction was approved by the CRTC on September 28 and was completed on October 31,2007. On December 6,2010, CityNews Tonight Toronto anchor and continuity announcer Mark Dailey died after a battle with cancer. The change marked the first major alteration to the Citytv brand since its introduction in 1972, the new City branding was launched on December 31,2012 during its New Years Eve special. The Jim Pattison Group announced in July 2009 that its three stations in western Canada, formerly affiliated with E. would join Citytv starting on September 1,2009. These stations do not carry the City branding, instead, the continue to use the same branding
9.
CTV Two
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CTV Two is a Canadian English language television system that is owned by the Bell Media subsidiary of Bell Canada. CTV Two provides complementary programming to Bell Medias larger CTV network – primarily newer or younger-skewing series which have smaller audiences than those on the mainline CTV network, the system began to develop in September 1995, at CKVR in Barrie, Ontario. The resulting station became known as The New VR, most of these stations were also former CBC affiliates, and all were in markets where CKVRs sister station, CITY-TV, were already available on basic cable. CIVI in Victoria, British Columbia was added into the system by CHUM at its launch in October 2001, CHUM informally referred to these stations as the NewNet. That name was never used on-air on any of these stations, the rebrand took place on August 2,2005, the same date that the former A-Channel stations in Winnipeg, Edmonton and Calgary, recently acquired by CHUM from Craig Media, were relaunched as Citytv. The change reflected a shift towards a traditional broadcasting model at these stations. On July 12,2006, Bell Globemedia announced a takeover bid to buy CHUM Limited. At the same time, it was permitted to keep the A-Channel stations, on June 22,2007, CTVglobemedia finalized its purchase of the CHUM Limited stations, while the Citytv stations were sold to Rogers. The company initially intended to keep the A-Channel stations branding and programming independent from the CTV Television Network, notably, A-Channel picked up CTVs rights to 30 Rock, Scrubs, Two and a Half Men, The Big Bang Theory and Jeff Ltd. In October, CTV also moved Dirty Sexy Money and Big Shots, later in the fall, CTV also replaced A-Channels daily entertainment newscast, Star. Daily, with MTV e2 and strip reruns of Degrassi, The Next Generation, on July 26,2007, CTVglobemedia named Richard Gray the head of news for the A-Channel stations and CKX-TV. Gray would report to the CTVgm corporate group, not CTV News, to preserve independent news presentation, Gray began to oversee the news departments for CKVR, CHRO, CFPL, CKNX, CHWI, CIVI and CKX. Shortly after CTV took control of A-Channel and most of the assets owned by CHUM. Viewer surveys in 2007 and 2008 suggested that the names Much TV, at its fall upfronts presentation on June 2,2008, CTV announced that it would reformat the A-Channel stations with a new look and new logo, becoming known as simply A. The on-air relaunch from A-Channel to A took place on August 11,2008, on that same date, Atlantic Canadas Atlantic Satellite Network also joined the A television system as A Atlantic, and began to carry the entire A program lineup. In addition, Albertas Access also adopted a new A-styled logo, in addition, CTV also announced on February 19,2009, that it would not apply to renew the licence of Brandons CKX-TV beyond its August 31,2009 expiration. CTV announced further cuts on March 3,2009, on the other hand, CHRO saw its A Morning program expanded from three hours daily to four hours daily, and launched a two-hour Saturday edition of A Morning, while cancelling its evening newscasts. In all,118 people, or 23% of all A employees, were laid off, no cuts were announced for A Atlantic, which is already tightly integrated with CTV Atlantic
10.
Rogers Communications
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Rogers Communications Inc. is a Canadian communications and media company. It operates particularly in the field of communications, cable television, telephone. The present enterprise dates to 1960, when Rogers son, Ted Rogers and that company acquired CHFI that year, as well as Aldred-Rogers Broadcasting, a partnership with Joel Aldred which helped launch CFTO in 1961. Rogers later bought out Aldred and started the current cable and wireless operations, however, the company also competes nationally with Telus for wireless services, and primarily indirectly with Shaw Communications for television service. This was a breakthrough in the technology and became a key factor in popularizing radio reception, after this invention radios became far more commonplace in the world. No power transformers were needed in these radios In 1931, Rogers Sr. was awarded an experimental television licence in Canada and he was working on radar when, on May 6,1939 he died suddenly due to complications of a hemorrhage. He left a widow, Velma, and a five-year-old son, while his business interests were sold, his son later determined to carry on his fathers business. While Ted Rogers was a student with Tory, Tory, DesLauriers & Binnington, he started Rogers Radio Broadcasting Limited. In 1962, he pioneered stereo broadcasting in FM with CHFI, by making available FM radios to boost FM penetration, which was only at 3% at the time, Ted Rogers was able to make more Canadians aware of FM transmitters. CHFI-FM quickly became one of Canadas most listened to FM radio stations and one of the most popular, Rogerss interests in radio led him to cable television in the mid-1960s. He entered the business in 1967, and was awarded television licences for areas in and around Toronto. In 1974, Rogers Cable Communications expanded past 12 channels, including several multicultural channels, through a reverse-takeover in 1979, Ted Rogerss company, Rogers Cable TV Limited, acquired control of Canadian Cablesystems Limited. In 1980, the company purchased Premier Communications Limited, which almost doubled the number of cable subscribers, as a founding shareholder of Rogers Cantel Inc. which commenced service in 1985, the company entered the mobile phone market. The company operated a national telephone network in Canada in competition with the established telephone companies. Rogers Cantel Mobile Communications Inc. which is now called Rogers Wireless, is now a public company 51% of which is owned by Rogers Communications, between 1979 and 1982, Rogers Communications acquired and built a number of cable television systems in the United States. In March 1989, the completed the sale of its US cable television interests for CDN $1.581 billion. In 1986, Rogers Cablesystems changes its name to present-day Rogers Communications Inc and this led to Rogers Communications Inc. acquiring 40% of Unitel Communications, formerly CNCP Telecommunications, in September 1989. Unitel was granted permission by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in June 1992 to compete with the Canadian telephone monopolies in the long-distance market, in January 1993, 20% of Unitel Communications was sold to AT&T Corporation
11.
CKX-TV
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CKX-TV was a television station in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, formerly affiliated with CBC Television. Owned and operated by CTVglobemedia, it was the first privately owned station in Manitoba. It shared its call letters with its sister station, CKX-FM. In February 2009, CTV announced that CKX was up for sale as CBC would not continue its affiliation agreement, in July 2009, it was announced that Bluepoint Investment Corporation would buy the station for a dollar. However, Bluepoint pulled out of the sale on October 1, the station was founded by John Craig and went on the air on January 28,1955, a day which marked Craig Medias start in television broadcasting. In February 1959, CKX asked Manitoba Telephone System to apply to the CBC to extend their signals to four additional Manitoba communities — Dauphin, Swan River, The Pas. For nearly half a century, the station remained under the ownership of Craig Media, in 2004, Craig Media announced a deal to sell its broadcasting assets to CHUM Limited. The sale was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on November 19,2004, CHUM relaunched the original Craig Media A-Channel stations as new affiliates of Citytv on August 2,2005, at the same time as the existing NewNet stations picked up the A Channel name. It generally left CKXs programming alone, though the A-Channel logo was seen during primetime programming. On January 15,2007, master control for CKX-TV was moved back from Portage la Prairie to Brandon, ownership changed hands once again on June 22,2007, as CHUM Limited was sold to CTVglobemedia. Originally, CTVglobemedia wanted to retain CHUMs Citytv system and sell CKX-TV, CHUMs A-Channel stations, however, this was denied by the CRTC, and CTV was forced to sell the Citytv stations to Rogers instead. Richard Gray was named the head of news for CKX-TV and the A Channel stations, Gray reports directly to the CTVgm corporate group, as opposed to CTV News, to preserve independent news presentation and management. CKX-TV was CTVs first CBC affiliate since selling their CBC stations in Northern Ontario, in early 2009, CBC decided it would not renew CKXs affiliation agreement past its expiration date of August 31,2009. Because of this, CTV put the station up for sale, on April 30,2009, Shaw Communications announced it would purchase CKX, along with two of CTVs A stations from CTVgm for a dollar each. However, it was reported on June 30 that Shaw had backed out of the deal, instead, on July 16, CTV announced that Bluepoint Investment Corporation, a new company owned by media veteran Bruce Claassen, would buy CKX for a dollar. The deal was planned to close by December 31,2009, Bluepoint intended to keep at least some CBC programming, though CKX was still a full CBC affiliate after August 31. However, Bluepoint pulled out of the sale on October 1, the station was the second major TV station in Canada to have gone dark since 1977, the other being CHCA-TV in Red Deer, Alberta, closing about one month before CKX. By the time the CBC closed down its network of rebroadcasters on July 31,2012, before its closure in 2009, CKX had not begun broadcasting in digital on its allocated channel 49
12.
Brandon, Manitoba
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Brandon is the second-largest city in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Brandon covers an area of 465.16 km2 and has a population of 48,859, while its census metropolitan area has a population of 58,003. It is a hub of trade and commerce for the Westman region as well as parts of southeastern Saskatchewan and northern North Dakota. The City of Brandon was incorporated in 1882, having a history rooted in the Assiniboine River fur trade as well as its role as a junction on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Known as The Wheat City, Brandons economy is predominantly associated with agriculture, however it also has strengths in education, manufacturing, food processing, health care, Canadian Forces Base Shilo, which maintains close socioeconomic ties with Brandon, is located 35 km east of the city. Prior to the influx of people from Eastern Canada, the area around Brandon was primarily used by the Sioux people, the Bungays, the Yellow Quills, in the 1870s and early 1880s, the Plains Bison were nearly completely wiped out by over-hunting. With the destruction of their staff of life, the buffalo, French Canadians also passed through the area on river boats on their way to the Hudson Bay Post, Fort Ellice located near present-day St. Lazare, Manitoba. During the 1870s it was believed by most that the railway would take a northwesterly direction from Portage la Prairie. Many thought that the route would most likely go through either Minnedosa or Rapid City, Rapid City was the front runner for the site of the new railway and had prepared for the impending building boom accordingly. But suddenly, in 1881, the builders of the decided to take a more westerly route from Winnipeg. Grand Valley was located on the side of the Assiniboine. Grand Valley was originally settled by two brothers John and Dougal McVicar, and their families, with the expectation of the new railroad, settlers and prospectors now rushed to an area they had previously avoided. Around 1879 a few led by Reverend George Roddick had begun to build their new homes about 10 miles south of Grand Valley. Meanwhile, in Grand Valley with the promise of the railway, regular voyages were made by steam sternwheelers to the city, each bringing more and more settlers. In the spring of 1881, General Thomas L. Rosser and it was Rossers job to choose the townsites for the railway. Rosser approached Dougald McVicar of Grand Valley and offered him $25,000 for the railway in Grand Valley, McVicar countered with $50,000 to which Rosser replied that “I’ll be damned if a town of any kind is ever built here. So instead Rosser crossed the Assiniboine river and built the site of the railway on the high sandy south of the River, so the site was then moved to a site just west of todays current First Street bridge in Brandon. A shanty had been built there by a man named J. D. Adamson, after the location of the railway was once again changed, there was still hope that Grand Valley could become a rival neighbour to Brandon
13.
Manitoba
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Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada. It is one of the three provinces and Canadas fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1.3 million people. Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres with a varied landscape. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years, in the late 17th century, fur traders arrived in the area when it was part of Ruperts Land and owned by the Hudsons Bay Company. In 1869, negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba led to an uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada. The rebellions resolution led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province, Manitobas capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is Canadas eighth-largest census metropolitan area. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, four of the provinces five universities and all four of its professional sports teams are in Winnipeg. The name Manitoba is believed to be derived from the Cree, the name derives from Cree manitou-wapow or Ojibwa manidoobaa, both meaning straits of Manitou, the Great Spirit, a place referring to what are now called The Narrows in the centre of Lake Manitoba. It may also be from the Assiniboine for Lake of the Prairie, the lake was known to French explorers as Lac des Prairies. Thomas Spence chose the name to refer to a new republic he proposed for the south of the lake. Métis leader Louis Riel also chose the name, and it was accepted in Ottawa under the Manitoba Act of 1870 and it adjoins Hudson Bay to the northeast, and is the only prairie province to have a saltwater coastline. The Port of Churchill is Canadas only Arctic deep-water port and the shortest shipping route between North America and Asia, Lake Winnipeg is the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. Hudson Bay is the worlds second-largest bay, Manitoba is at the heart of the giant Hudson Bay watershed, once known as Ruperts Land. It was a area of the Hudsons Bay Company, with many rivers. The province has a saltwater coastline bordering Hudson Bay and more than 110,000 lakes, Manitobas major lakes are Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis, and Lake Winnipeg, the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. Some traditional Native lands and boreal forest on Lake Winnipegs east side are a proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site. Manitoba is at the centre of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, with a volume of the water draining into Lake Winnipeg. This basins rivers reach far west to the mountains, far south into the United States, major watercourses include the Red, Assiniboine, Nelson, Winnipeg, Hayes, Whiteshell and Churchill rivers
14.
Alberta
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Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
15.
CTV Two Alberta
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CTV Two Alberta is a Canadian English language entertainment, information and educational television channel in the province of Alberta. It is owned by Bell Media, and operates as a de facto owned-and-operated station of its secondary CTV Two television system and it is also available on both national satellite services, Bell TV and Shaw Direct. In addition, the formerly operated two terrestrial transmitters, CJAL-TV in Edmonton, where the channels main studios are located. The channel was launched on June 30,1973 as Access by the Alberta government, through the Alberta Educational Communications Corporation, prior to this point, English-language educational programs aired on Radio-Canadas television station CBXFT in Edmonton. At its launch, Access was only available through cable, both stations rebroadcast the Access feed. After re-evaluating all provincial funding recipients, the Government of Alberta announced in 1993 that it would cease to directly fund Access past 1994. As a result, in 1995, Access was privatized and sold to Learning and Skills Television of Alberta Limited, in February 2005, CHUM Limited acquired the remaining 40% interest in LSTA, giving the company 100% of its shares, including its ownership in Access. On July 12,2006, CTVglobemedia announced that it would make a takeover bid to buy CHUM Limited. Due to CTVglobemedias plans to keep CTV and Citytv, Rogers Communications was expected to purchase Access as announced on April 9,2007, with the CRTC electing to force CTV to sell the Citytv stations instead, the Rogers deal was rendered void. As such, CTVglobemedia retained Access along with the A-Channel stations, CKX-TV and all of CHUMs specialty channels, the takeover transaction was finalized on June 22,2007. The A-Channel stations were rebranded as A on August 11,2008, on the date, Access debuted a new A-styled logo. On June 8,2011, it was revealed that Access would be relaunched as CTV Two Alberta on August 29,2011, in most of its service area, CTV Two Alberta competes with KSPS-TV, the PBS member in Spokane, Washington. KSPS has been available on cable in Calgary and Edmonton for the part of three decades. Prior to this deadline, the station had in place an analog television transmitter in each of those two markets. The station did not have any other over-the-air transmitters, as the channel is licensed as a satellite-to-cable undertaking, it is not required to offer over-the-air transmitters. Despite the shut down and the status, transmitter information of CJAL and CIAN are still referenced in the early morning sign-on. Since August 2008, CTV Two Alberta has aired programming from Bells secondary television system A, the above programming includes primetime series from CTV Two, as well as syndicated shows, much of which must be related to some sort of educational aim. Starting March 9,2009, Access began airing a news and current affairs magazine program called Alberta Primetime
16.
Cooking Channel (Canada)
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Dedicated to programming related to food and cooking, its branding is licensed from Scripps Networks Interactive, Corus and Scripps partner on sister network Food Network. The channel previously operated as SexTV, The Channel, and W Movies, the channel was launched three months later on September 7,2001 as SexTV, The Channel, a channel modeled after and its name derived from SexTV, a now-former program on Citytv. SexTV aired programming on sex and human sexuality, including issues on love, dating, romance, in July 2006, Bell Globemedia announced that it would purchase CHUM for an estimated CAD$1.7 billion, included in the sale was SexTV, The Channel. The sale was approved by the CRTC on June 8,2007, on July 14,2009, CTVglobemedia announced that it would sell Sex TV, along with Drive-In Classics, to Corus Entertainment for a combined CAD$40 million. In late September, Corus announced that the channel would be rebranded as W Movies, the sale was approved by the CRTC on November 19, with the transaction being completed by December. The on-air relaunch as W Movies took place on March 1,2010, on December 2,2011, W Movies launched a high definition feed. On October 19,2016, Corus announced that a Canadian version of the Cooking Channel—a spin-off of its Canadian version of Food Network, would launch on December 12,2016 and its launch came several months after Bell Medias launch of Gusto, which competes directly against Food Network
17.
Oprah Winfrey Network (Canadian TV channel)
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Oprah Winfrey Network is a Canadian English language Category A cable and satellite specialty channel that is owned by Corus Entertainment. OWN is a specialty television service targeted to women, offering a blend of lifestyle, information and it is the only Canadian channel that maintains a brand licensing deal with Discovery Communications that is not currently owned by Bell Media. The channel was licensed to provide formal and informal educational programs on a range of topics. The channel launched on September 1,1999 as Canadian Learning Television, CHUM would later gain 100% ownership of the channel when it completed its purchase of the remaining interest in LSTA on February 15,2005. The company would later be renamed Access Media Group, in 2003, Canadian Learning Television adopted a new logo and on-air presentation. With this change, the channel using the brand CLT in most media, instead of using its full name. In July 2006, Bell Globemedia announced that it would purchase CHUM for an estimated CAD$1.7 billion, the sale was approved by the CRTC on June 8,2007, and the transaction was completed on June 22,2007. The deal was approved by the CRTC on August 22,2008, the transaction was then finalized on September 1,2008. In October 2008, Corus announced it would relaunch CLT as Viva, the rebrand took effect on November 3,2008. On September 29,2010, Corus announced it had finalized an agreement to launch a Canadian version of the Oprah Winfrey Network in Canada in 2011, during that time, select OWN programming was broadcast on Viva and on another Corus-owned female-targeted channel, W Network. On March 15,2013, the CRTC further issued a mandatory order, the CRTC increased monitoring requirements for the network and asked Corus for a new programming plan to be introduced no later than April 5. When the channel was launched as CLT, it aired a mix of formal and informal educational and informational programming in the style of newsmagazines, talk shows, documentaries, over time, the channel introduced more entertainment-based programs such as films and television dramas. However, with the changeover to Viva, most of the programs had begun with an introduction from an instructor at the applicable institution. Under the OWN moniker, the continues to target female audiences with programming ranging from lifestyle. However, several shows from its American counterpart are notably absent, as of April 2015 Official website www. huffingtonpost. com/OWN – OWN blog at Huffington Post
18.
CITY-DT
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CITY-DT, virtual channel 57, is a City owned-and-operated television station located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station is owned by Rogers Media as part of a triplestick with Omni Television stations CFMT-DT and CJMT-DT. The station first broadcast on September 28,1972 by a led by Phyllis Switzer, Moses Znaimer, Jerry Grafstein and Edgar Cowan, as CITY-TV. In 1981, the station was sold to CHUM Limited, who retained Znaimer as an executive, for the majority of its early life, CITY-TV operated as an independent station, best known for its unconventional approaches to news and other locally produced programming. In 2006, CTVglobemedia announced its intent to acquire CHUM Limited, CTV chose to keep the stations of CHUMs secondary A-Channel system, as well as CITY-TVs sister news channel CP24, but divested CITY-TV and its sister stations to Rogers Media. Under Rogers ownership, CITYs programming became more conventional in nature, there is also a high definition feed on Rogers Cable digital channel 519, on Bell TV channel 1053, and on Shaw Direct channels 344 and 535. It operated as an independent station, and its transmitter operated at a radiated power of 31 kW. The founding ownership group Channel Seventy-Nine Ltd. consisted of – among others – Phyllis Switzer, Moses Znaimer, Jerry Grafstein, the channel 79 licence was granted to the company on November 25,1971. The station operated from facilities located at 99 Queen Street East, near Church Street. The station lost money early on, and was in debt by 1975, multiple Access Ltd. purchased a 45% interest in the station, and sold its stake to CHUM Limited three years later. CITY was purchased outright by CHUM in 1981 with the sale of Moses Znaimers interest in the station, Znaimer remained with the station as an executive until 2003, when he retired from his management role but continued to work with the station on some production projects. In 1976, the main transmitter began broadcasting at 208 kW from the CN Tower. On September 1,1986, a rebroadcast transmitter was put into operation in Woodstock, in July 2001, however, CHUM purchased CKVU-TV in Vancouver from Canwest Global Communications, CKVU changed its branding to Citytv in July 2002, making Citytv a two-station system. In 2005, three more Citytv stations were added in Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg after CHUM purchased the A-Channel television stations, when the three A-Channel stations switched to the Citytv brand on August 2,2005, the flagship CityPulse newscast was renamed CityNews. On July 12,2006, CTVglobemedia announced its offer to acquire CHUM Limited and its assets, including the Citytv stations, and related cable properties for $1.7 billion. The Citytv stations were sold to Rogers Communications, the sale was approved by the CRTC on September 28,2007. CTV kept ownership of 299 Queen Street West, where CHUMs specialty television channels now owned by CTV would remain, as such, Rogers had to find a new home for CITY-TVs operations. In addition to rolling news programming, CityNews Channel aired simulcasts of Citytv Torontos news programming, due to financial difficulties, Rogers ceased CityNews Channels live broadcasts on May 30,2013, with the channel permanently shutting down on June 30,2013
19.
CKVU-DT
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CKVU-DT, virtual channel 10, is a City owned-and-operated television station located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The station is owned by the Rogers Media unit of Rogers Communications, the two stations share studio facilities located on West 2nd Avenue and Columbia Street in downtown Vancouver, CKVU maintains transmitter facilities located atop Mount Seymour. On cable, the station is available on Shaw Cable channel 13, Rogers Cable channel 135, on satellite, the station is available on Shaw Direct classic lineup channel 359 and advanced lineup channel 006. There is also a high definition feed on Shaw Cable digital channel 213, Bell TV channel 1153, telus Optik TV also carries CKVU on channel 106 and channel 9106. The station was assigned to broadcast on UHF channel 26. The station first signed on the air on September 1,1976, originally operating as an independent station, in addition, CKVU was carried on cable channel 13, an assignment it retains to this day. In its first year of operation, CKVU lost more than $3 million, in 1979, the station was approaching the break-even point. It was also under the scrutiny of the CRTC at that time due to its lack of local programming, according to the CRTC, CKVU did not produce its own newscasts, but instead relayed the Ontario-focused newscasts from the Global Television Network. That same year, Charles Allard, owner of CITV in Edmonton, purchased a 5% common stock and 7% preferred stock interest in CKVU through his company, Allarcom. Canwest Pacific, a subsidiary of CanWest Broadcasting, loaned $4 million to Western Approaches so it could thwart an attempt from Allarcom. CKVU moved to VHF channel 10 on February 13,1985, the station moved to VHF to avoid interference with fellow independent station KTZZ – which broadcast on UHF channel 22 – in Seattle, Washington, which signed on after CKVUs switch to channel 10. CKVU also maintained a rebroadcast transmitter located west of Courtenay, CKVU-TV-1, on December 6,1985, CanWest announced that it had purchased controlling interest in CKVU, subject to CRTC approval. Western Approaches went to court in an attempt to block the sale, on June 19,1987, the Supreme Court of British Columbia ordered Western Approaches to sell its interest in CKVU to CanWest, subject to CRTC approval. Once the sale was approved and all legal issues were settled, CanWest gained 100% ownership. It then began sharing programs with CanWests other independent stations, as well as the Global network in Ontario, in 1990, CKVU and Canwests other independent stations became known as the Canwest Global System. Under CanWests ownership, the station was rebranded as U. TV, the station had previously been branded as both CKVU13 and VU13 and more simply, the CKVU call letters. Accordingly, after nine years under the U. TV brand, in 2000, Canwest acquired the television interests of Western International Communications, including CHAN-TV in Vancouver and CHEK-TV in Victoria. The CRTC approved the purchase on July 6,2000 on the condition that Canwest divest CKVU
20.
Vancouver
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Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, the Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre. With over 250,000 residents, Vancouver municipality is the fourth most densely populated city in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. In that census, Vancouver was one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the annual TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home, several matches of the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place Stadium. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west, Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B. I. As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, archaeological records indicate the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the territories of the Squamish, Musqueam. They had villages in various parts of present-day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey, the city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his became the first known Europeans to set foot on the site of the present-day city. In 1808, they travelled from the east down the Fraser River, perhaps as far as Point Grey. The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster on the Fraser River, on their way to the Fraser Canyon, a sawmill established at Moodyville in 1863, began the citys long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the shore of the inlet. This mill, known as the Hastings Mill, became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed, the mills central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the economy until it closed in the 1920s. The settlement which came to be called Gastown grew up quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by Gassy Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property
21.
CKEM-DT
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CKEM-DT, virtual channel 51, is a City owned-and-operated television station located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The station is owned by the Rogers Media division of Rogers Communications, the two stations share studios with Rogers local radio stations on Gateway Boulevard. CKEMs transmitter is located near Yellowhead Highway/Highway 16A, CKEM also operates a rebroadcast transmitter in Red Deer on VHF channel 4 and this station can also be seen on Shaw Cable channel 7 and in high definition on digital channel 213. On Shaw Direct, the channel is available on 347 or 022 and this station is also available on Bell TV channel 241. The station was established by Craig Media Inc. and went on the air for the first time on September 18,1997 as the station of the A-Channel television system. It promoted itself as a locally oriented station whose schedule was not drawn up in Toronto, with the slogan Very independent. In 1999, a bomb exploded in the CKEM newsroom, injuring the assignment editor. The station simulcasted the Live@Five and News@Six newscasts from Calgary sister station CKAL-TV, Local Edmonton newscasts resumed later on in the evening. On September 17,2003, several employees who were members of the Canadian Energy and Paperworkers Local 1900 went on strike over worry of jobs being lost, wages, cKEMs master control facilities moved to the CKAL studios in Calgary in late 2003. In 2004, Craig Media announced a deal to sell the A-Channel stations to CHUM Limited, the sale was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on November 19,2004, and became official on December 1. On July 12,2006, Bell Globemedia announced plans to take over CHUM Limited, the following Monday, it was announced that Rogers Communications would buy the Citytv systems stations. The sale was approved by the CRTC on September 28,2007, in late-2015, Rogers television stations in Edmonton moved from their studios in downtown Edmonton to the headquarters of Rogers Edmonton radio stations on Gateway Boulevard. On July 12,2006, the local newscasts were immediately cancelled after years of ratings struggle in the Edmonton market. The local newscasts were replaced by a half-hour newsmagazine program called Your City at 6 and 11 p. m. along with a national and international newscast called CityNews International. On January 19,2010, CityNews at Noon, Your City and CityNews International were cancelled as part of Citytvs corporate restructuring, on May 7,2015, Rogers announced that as part of further cuts, Breakfast Television in Edmonton would be cancelled on May 19,2015. It was replaced by Dinner Television, a new, two-hour evening program hosted by Jason Strudwick that features newsmagazine and discussion segments, an encore of the previous days Dinner Television with on-screen news, weather, and traffic updates replaced Breakfast Television in its morning timeslot. Julie Nolin - evening anchor On May 26,2010, CKEM began testing its signal with the broadcast of a test loop. On June 29 of that year, the station began broadcasting regular programming over its digital signal, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers originally displayed CKEM-DTs virtual channel as 51.1
22.
Edmonton
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Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, the city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016, making it Albertas second-largest city, also in 2016, Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426, making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Edmonton is North Americas northernmost city with a population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian, Edmontons historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities and a series of annexations ending in 1982. Known as the Gateway to the North, the city is a point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta. Edmonton is a cultural, governmental and educational centre and it hosts a year-round slate of festivals, reflected in the nickname Canadas Festival City. It is home to North Americas largest mall, West Edmonton Mall, in 1754, Anthony Henday, an explorer for the Hudsons Bay Company, may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area. By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the north bank as a major trading post for the Hudsons Bay Company. The new forts name was suggested by John Peter Pruden after Edmonton, London, the home town of both the HBC deputy governor Sir James Winter Lake, and Pruden. In 1876, Treaty 6, which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Queen Victoria as Queen of Canada, as part of the Numbered Treaties of Canada. The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine, and other governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt. The area covered by the treaty represents most of the area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan. The arrival of the CPR and the C&E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, U. S. the Edmonton areas fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as a major regional commercial and agricultural centre. Some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897, in November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway arrived in Edmonton, accelerating growth. During the early 1900s, Edmontons rapid growth led to speculation in real estate, in 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with the City of Strathcona, south of the North Saskatchewan River, as a result, the city extended south of the North Saskatchewan River for the first time. Just prior to World War I, the boom ended, many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces. Recruitment to the Canadian army during the war contributed to the drop in population
23.
CKAL-DT
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CKAL-DT, virtual channel 5, is a City owned-and-operated television station located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The station is owned by Rogers Media as part of a twinstick with Omni Television outlet CJCO-DT, the two stations share studios located on 7 Avenue and 5 Street Southwest in Downtown Calgary, and its transmitter is located near Old Banff Coach Road/Highway 563. CKAL also operates a rebroadcast transmitter in Lethbridge, broadcasting on UHF channel 46 and this station can also be seen on Shaw Cable channel 8 and in high definition on digital channel 213. On Shaw Direct, the channel is available on 328 or 018 and this station is also available on Bell TV channel 246 and in high definition on channel 1133. The station launched on VHF channel 5 on September 20,1997 under the ownership Craig Media and it billed itself as a station with a very deep connection to Calgary, and whose schedule was not determined by interests in Toronto. Its slogan was Very independent, very Calgary, CKALs opening was marked with a street party and its main studio was easily visible from passersby on 7th Avenue, during the stations first year it even operated a small cafe near its main entrance. CKEMs master control operations were moved to CKALs facility in Calgary in 2003, nine employees working at CKAL were laid off on May 19,2004 in addition to a 28-employee layoff at Craig Medias CKXT-TV in Toronto. Craig Media said the cuts were made to rationalize its operations. In 2004, Craig Media announced a deal to sell its television assets, including the A-Channel stations. The sale was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on November 19,2004, on February 3,2005, CHUM announced that the A-Channel stations would be relaunched as part of the Citytv television system. The changes took effect August 2, on July 12,2006, it was announced that CTVglobemedia would acquire CHUM Limited and its assets, including the Citytv system. As a result of merger, CKAL added CHMI-TV to its master control duties. On June 12, Rogers Media announced that it would acquire the five Citytv stations from CTVglobemedia, as a result, effective August 29, the station took over master control duties for sister Citytv station CKVU-TV in Vancouver. The Rogers transaction was approved by the CRTC on September 28 and was officially completed October 31. m, on January 19,2010, Citytv laid off many additional news personalites as part of restructuring operations. This resulted in Your City, The City Show and Citytvs national and international newscast, since then, the only remaining local program produced by CKAL is the morning show, Breakfast Television. On August 31,2011, when Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display CKAL-TVs virtual channel as 5.1. On August 13,2011, the Lethbridge retransmitter started broadcasting CKAL-DT on channel 46, official website Canadian Communications Foundation - CKAL-TV History Query the RECs Canadian station database for CKAL-TV Query TV Fools coverage map for CKAL
24.
Calgary
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Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, the city anchors the south end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 1,239,220 in 2016, making it Albertas largest city, also in 2016, Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609, making it the fourth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. The Calgary CMA is home to the second-highest number of head offices in Canada among the countrys 800 largest corporations. In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games, Calgary was named after Calgary on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. In turn, the name originates from a compound of kald and gart, similar Old Norse words, meaning cold and garden, alternatively, the name might be Gaelic Cala ghearraidh, meaning beach of the meadow, or Gaelic for either clear running water or bay farm. The Calgary area was inhabited by people whose presence has been traced back at least 11,000 years. Before the arrival of Europeans, the area was inhabited by the Blackfoot, Blood, Peigan, in 1787, cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a band of Peigan encamped along the Bow River. He was a Hudsons Bay Company trader and the first recorded European to visit the area, John Glenn was the first documented European settler in the Calgary area, in 1873. The site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police, the NWMP detachment was assigned in 1875 to protect the western plains from US whisky traders, and to protect the fur trade. Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officer Éphrem-A, Brisebois, it was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod. When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1883, over a century later, the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters moved to Calgary from Montreal in 1996. Calgary was officially incorporated as a town in 1884, and elected its first mayor, in 1894, it was incorporated as The City of Calgary in what was then the North-West Territories. The Calgary Police Service was established in 1885 and assumed municipal, local duties from the NWMP, the Calgary Fire of 1886 occurred on November 7,1886. Fourteen buildings were destroyed with losses estimated at $103,200, although no one was killed or injured, city officials drafted a law requiring all large downtown buildings to be built with Paskapoo sandstone, to prevent this from happening again. After the arrival of the railway, the Dominion Government started leasing grazing land at minimal cost, as a result of this policy, large ranching operations were established in the outlying country near Calgary. Already a transportation and distribution hub, Calgary quickly became the centre of Canadas cattle marketing and meatpacking industries. By the late 19th century, the Hudsons Bay Company expanded into the interior and established posts along rivers that later developed into the cities of Winnipeg, Calgary
25.
CHMI-DT
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CHMI-DT, VHF channel 13, is a City owned-and-operated television station serving Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada that is licensed to Portage la Prairie. The station is owned by Rogers Media, a division of Rogers Communications (through its Rogers Broadcasting Limited division, cHMIs studios are located at 8 Forks Market Road in Downtown Winnipeg, and its transmitter is located adjacent to Bohn Road in Cartier. This station can also be seen on Rogers Cable channel 139, Shaw Cable, on Shaw Direct, the channel is available on 384 or 074, and in high definition on channel 030 or 530. There is a high definition feed offered on Shaw Cable digital channel 213 and this station is also available on Bell TV channel 228. It is the television station owned by Rogers that is not part of any twinstick ever since Joytv outlet CIIT-DT was sold to S-VOX in 2008. The station was licensed by the CRTC on May 8,1986 and it went on the air on October 17,1986 where it was originally branded as the Manitoba Television Network or MTN. Although it has always been a Winnipeg station for all intents and purposes, MTN was well known for its Prairie Pulse News, MTN Kids Club, and Prime Ticket Movies, the last of which would carry over to the A-Channel system. The stations initial slogan was Very independent, very Manitoba, technical operations for the station remained in Portage la Prairie. In 2004, Craig Media announced a deal to sell its assets to CHUM Limited. The sale was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on November 19,2004, on February 3,2005, CHUM announced that the A-Channel stations, including CHMI, would be relaunched as Citytv by that fall, the changes took effect on August 2. On July 12,2006, CTVglobemedia announced its takeover of CHUM Limited, CTV originally intended to retain CHMI and the other four Citytv stations, while divesting the A-Channel stations. As of January 2007, technical operations for the station have moved to fellow Citytv station CKAL-TV in Calgary. On June 8,2007, the CRTC approved the CTV takeover of CHUM, the CRTC was not willing to allow CTV-Citytv twinsticks On June 11, Rogers Communications announced that it would buy the Citytv stations for $375 million. The transaction was approved by the CRTC on September 28, in October 2012, the station began branding itself on promos and on-screen logos as City, removing the tv portion from its identification. Former BT hosts Drew Kozub and Jenna Khan will remain as contributors to Wheeler, official website Canadian Communications Foundation - CHMI-TV History Query the RECs Canadian station database for CHMI-TV Query TV Fools coverage map for CHMI
26.
Portage la Prairie
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Portage la Prairie /ˈpɔːrtᵻdʒ lə ˈpreɪri/ is a small city in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba, Canada. As of 2016, the population was 13,304 and the area of the city was 24.68 square kilometres. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Portage la Prairie, according to Environment Canada, Portage la Prairie has the most sunny days during the warm months in Canada. It is the headquarters of the Dakota Tipi First Nations reserve. The area was first inhabited by Indigenous peoples, long before European settlers began to arrive prior to 1850, in September 1738, after the fur trade had extended into Western Canada. A school was built as settlers poured in from the east, followed by a church. A local government was formed in 1857, and by the 1860s, the 1870s was a decade of rapid growth, as many more settlers moved to Portage, establishing farms and opening new businesses. By this time, the village had a flour mill, a local newspaper. From the 1870s to the 1880s, the community increased in population by approximately 10 times, freight and supplies were transported by ox-cart and steamboat until the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1881, the year Portage was incorporated as a town. Thomas Collins was the first mayor of Portage la Prairie, during WWII, the Royal Canadian Air Force constructed Canadian Forces Base Portage la Prairie in support of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. The station was controlled by the RCAF but used naval personnel as high-frequency direction finding operators, the stations priority was German U-boat traffic. This site and CFB Rivers located at Rivers, Manitoba helped to increase the fix accuracy immensely, the name is derived from the French word portage, which means to carry a canoe overland between waterways. In this case the portage was between the Assiniboine River and Lake Manitoba, over la prairie, the city became a major transportation centre due to its proximity to the river, and later, the location of the main lines of the countrys national railways passing through the community. Both the CPR and Canadian National Railways intersect in Portage, one of the few places in Canada where the two railways meet. This has made Portage la Prairie one of the most ideal places for railway aficionados to view trains, the Trans-Canada Highway, a major national transportation route, runs past the city and provides the community with business if highway travellers decide to make a trek into Portage. Also, since the land is fertile, with soils abundant in nutrients, Portage la Prairie is a major agricultural centre in Manitoba. The rural area surrounding the community is undoubtedly a breadbasket in Canada, having some of the best soils in the country for producing an array of vegetables, berries, grains. The city has a tree planting program and is known for its mature urban forest
27.
Winnipeg
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Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the centre of North America and is 110 kilometres from the U. S. border. It is also the place of the confluence of the Red, the city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg, the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water. The region was a centre for aboriginal peoples long before the arrival of Europeans. French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738, a settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. As of 2011, Winnipeg is the seventh most populated municipality in Canada, being located very far inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C and average July highs of 26 °C. Known as the Gateway to the West, Winnipeg is a railway, Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games. It is home to professional sports franchises, including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, the Winnipeg Jets, Manitoba Moose. Winnipeg lies at the confluence of the Assiniboine and the Red River of the North and this point was at the crossroads of canoe routes travelled by First Nations before European contact. Winnipeg is named after nearby Lake Winnipeg, the name is a transcription of the Western Cree words for muddy or brackish water. Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area are varied, in 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions, the rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. The Ojibwe made some of the first maps on birch bark, sieur de La Vérendrye built the first fur trading post on the site in 1738, called Fort Rouge. French trading continued at this site for decades before the arrival of the British Hudsons Bay Company after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the Seven Years War. Many French and later British men who were trappers married First Nations women, their mixed-race children hunted, traded and they gradually developed as an ethnicity known as the Métis because of sharing a traditional culture. Lord Selkirk was involved with the first permanent settlement, the purchase of land from the Hudsons Bay Company, the North West Company built Fort Gibraltar in 1809, and the Hudsons Bay Company built Fort Douglas in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg. The two companies competed fiercely over trade, the Métis and Lord Selkirks settlers fought at the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. In 1821, the Hudsons Bay and North West Companies merged, Fort Gibraltar was renamed Fort Garry in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudsons Bay Company
28.
Owned-and-operated station
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In the broadcasting industry, an owned-and-operated station usually refers to a television or radio station that is owned by the network with which it is associated. This distinguishes such a station from an affiliate, which is independently owned, the concept of an O&O is clearly defined in the United States and Canada, where network-owned stations had historically been the exception rather than the rule. In the broadcasting industry, the term owned-and-operated station refers exclusively to stations that are owned by television, on the other hand, the term affiliate only applies to stations that are not owned by networks, but instead are contracted to air programming from one of the major networks. The term station correctly applies to the ownership of the station, for example, a station that is owned and operated by the American Broadcasting Company is referred to as an ABC station or an ABC O&O, but normally should not be referred to as an affiliate. Likewise, a station not owned by ABC but contracted to air the networks programming is referred to as an ABC affiliate, that is. A correct formal phrasing could be, ABC affiliate WFAA is a Gannett station, some stations that are owned by companies that operate a network, but air another networks programming are referred to as an affiliate of the network that they carry. For example, WBFS-TV in Miami is owned by the CBS networks parent company CBS Corporation, prior to the September 2006 shutdown of the CBS-owned UPN television network, WBFS aired that networks programming, therefore, WBFS was a UPN O&O. The stations carrying The WB Television Network were another exception, the controlling shares in the network were held by Time Warner, with minority interests from the Tribune Company and, for a portion of networks existence, the now-defunct ACME Communications. While Tribune-owned stations such as WGN-TV in Chicago, WPIX in New York City and KTLA in Los Angeles aired programming from The WB, a similar exception existed when UPN launched in January 1995 by co-owners Chris-Craft and Viacom. Each of the owned a number of stations that aired the network. However, the stations were not considered O&Os under the initial standard definition. This ambiguity ended with Viacoms buyout of Chris-Crafts share of the network in 2000, the stations were referred to informally as UPN O&Os. Following the shutdowns of UPN and The WB, CBS Corporation, Entertainment became co-owners of the new CW Television Network, which largely merged the programming from both networks onto the scheduling model used by The WB. The network launched in September 2006 on 11 UPN stations owned by CBS Corporation, certain UPN and WB affiliates in markets where Tribune and CBS both owned stations carrying those networks either picked up a MyNetworkTV affiliation or became independent stations. The standard definition of an O&O again does not apply to The CW, in Australia, Seven Network, Nine Network and Network Ten each own and operate stations in the five largest metropolitan areas. These television markets together account for two thirds of the countrys population, in addition, Seven also owns and operates its local station in regional Queensland, and Nine owns and operates its station in Darwin. Nine also owns and operates NBN Television, based in Newcastle, the two national public broadcasters, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and Special Broadcasting Service, own and operate all of their local stations. In Japan, commercial terrestrial television is focused on five organizations, the four largest of these – Nippon TV, Tokyo Broadcasting System, Fuji Television, and TV Asahi – each own and operate stations in the Tokyo, Keihanshin, Chukyo and Fukuoka metropolitan areas
29.
Concentration of media ownership
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Concentration of media ownership is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a small number of firms. As of 2015, Comcast Corporation is the largest media conglomerate in the US, with The Walt Disney Company, News Corp and Time Warner ranking second, third and fourth respectively. As of February 2017, AT&T and Time Warner are in talks to merge into one creating the largest mass media. The deal is said to be imminent after the FCC declined to review the deal stating its out of our wheelhouse, many industry experts believe the merger would violate anti trust laws. Media mergers are a result of one media related company buying another company for control of their resources in order to increase revenues and viewership. As information and entertainment become a part of our culture, media companies have been creating ways to become more efficient in reaching viewers. Successful media companies buy out other companies to make them more powerful, profitable. Media mergers have become prevalent in recent years, which has people wondering about the negative effects that could be caused by media ownership becoming more concentrated. Such negative effects that could come into play are lack of competition, an oligopoly is when a few firms dominate a market. When the larger media companies buy out the more smaller-scaled or local companies they become more powerful within the market. As they continue to eliminate their business competition through buyouts or forcing out the companies left dominate the media industry. Media integrity is at risk when small number of companies and individuals control the media market, Media integrity is especially endangered in the case when there are clientelist relations between the owners of the media and political centres of power. Such a situation enables excessive instrumentalisation of the media for political interests. Net neutrality is also at stake when media mergers occur, concentration of media ownership is very frequently seen as a problem of contemporary media and society. e. Advertisers and government rather than to the public interest, only a few companies representing the interests of a minority elite control the public airwaves. Healthy, market-based competition is absent, leading to slower innovation and it is important to elaborate upon the issue of media consolidation and its effect upon the diversity of information reaching a particular market. Critics of consolidation raise the issue of whether monopolistic or oligopolistic control of a media market can be fully accountable and dependable in serving the public interest
30.
Metropolitan area
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As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. The Greater São Paulo is a term for one of the multiple definitions the large metropolitan area located in the São Paulo state in Brazil. A metropolitan area combines an urban agglomeration with zones not necessarily urban in character and these outlying zones are sometimes known as a commuter belt, and may extend well beyond the urban zone, to other political entities. For example, El Monte, California is considered part of the Los Angeles metro area in the United States, in practice, the parameters of metropolitan areas, in both official and unofficial usage, are not consistent. Population figures given for one area can vary by millions. A polycentric metropolitan area is one not connected by continuous development or conurbation, in defining a metropolitan area, it is sufficient that a city or cities form a nucleus that other areas have a high degree of integration with. The Australian Bureau of Statistics defines statistical divisions as areas under the influence of one or more major towns or a major city. However, this definition has become obsolete with the conurbation of several statistical divisions into a larger metropolitan areas. In Brazil, metropolitan areas are called metropolitan regions, each State defines its own legislation for the creation, definition and organization of a metropolitan region. The creation of a region is not intended for any statistical purpose, although the Brazilian Institute of Geography. Their main purpose is to allow for a management of public policies of common interest to all cities involved. They dont have political, electoral or jurisdictional power whatsoever, so living in a metropolitan region do not elect representatives for them. Statistics Canada defines a metropolitan area as an area consisting of one or more adjacent municipalities situated around a major urban core. To form a CMA, the area must have a population of at least 100,000. To be included in the CMA, adjacent municipalities must have a degree of integration with the core. As of the Canada 2011 Census, there were 33 CMAs in Canada, including six with a population over one million—Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary and Edmonton. In Denmark the only area is Greater Copenhagen, consisting of the Capital Region of Denmark along with the neighboring regions Region Zealand. Greater Copenhagen has an population of 1.25 million people
31.
CIVI-DT
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CIVI-DT, UHF digital channel 23, is a CTV Two owned-and-operated television station located in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The station is owned by Bell Media, as part of a twinstick with Vancouver-based CTV owned-and-operated station CIVT-DT, CIVI maintains studio facilities located at the corner of Pandora Avenue and Broad Street across from Victoria City Hall, and its transmitter near Rockland. On cable, the station is available on Shaw Cable channel 12. At the end of the 1990s, CHUM Limited only owned terrestrial television stations in the province of Ontario, similarly, Craig Media only had stations in provinces within the Canadian Prairies. CIVI first signed on the air on October 4,2001 as CHUMs first original station to be part of the NewNet television system, known on the air as The New VI, the station started off with much pomp and circumstance. It boasted a lineup of personalities, including former British Columbia New Democratic Party cabinet minister Moe Sihota. The stations news anchors walked around the studio instead of sitting behind a desk, mimicking the format used at Toronto sister station CITY-TV, gradually, personalities from the original roster were replaced by new faces, and some were let go without replacements. The station received a boost in 2004, when longtime CHEK-TV anchor Hudson Mack joined the station as its new chief anchor, since Macks arrival, the station has been honoured with a number of industry awards. In 2006, it received three Edward R. Murrow Awards from the Radio-Television News Directors Association International, for Best Newscast, Best Investigative Reporting and it was the second straight year the station won Murrows for its newscast and investigative reporting. The station was rebranded as A-Channel on August 2,2005, the station would likely have been part of the original A-Channel system at its launch had Craig Media won the licence in 2000. On July 12,2006, CTVglobemedia announced plans to purchase CHUM Limited, on that same day it was also announced that the morning news programme A-Channel Morning would be discontinued, although this decision was supposedly unrelated to the takeover by CTVglobemedia. CTVglobemedia became the owner of CIVI on June 22,2007. The A-Channel system and Atlantic Canadas ASN was rebranded as A on August 11,2008, the program was later replaced with a simulcast of the morning show from sister radio station CFAX. As part of Bell Medias May 30,2012 announcement of the rebranding of the A television stations to the CTV Two brand, as a result, CIVIs newscasts were rebranded as CTV News on that same date. The stations digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 23, since September 21,2011, the stations high definition signal has been carried by satellite provider Bell TV on channel 1154. CIVI-DT official website Canadian Communications Foundation - CIVI-DT History Query the RECs Canadian station database for CIVI-DT Query TV Fools coverage map for CIVI-DT
32.
CFPL-DT
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CFPL-DT, VHF channel 10, is a CTV Two owned-and-operated television station located in London, Ontario, Canada. The station is owned by Bell Media, CFPLs studios and local transmitter are located on Communications Road on the southwestern side of London, and its Wingham-area rebroadcast transmitter is located on Tower Road in South Bruce. This station can also be seen on Rogers Cable channel 9, CFPL was founded by Walter J. Blackburn, who also owned Londons major newspaper, the London Free Press, as well as radio station CFPL on both the AM and FM dials. The television station first came on the air on November 28,1953 and that night, there was a major fire in London, on which CFPLs news program was able to report almost immediately during its first news hour. The stations transmitter was located atop the 500 foot CFPL Television Tower. CFPL was the privately owned station in Canada. Its news program was the first to be scheduled at 6,00 p. m. during the supper hour, in 1973, the station expanded its supper-hour news to a full hour. CFPL also later became one of the first in Canada to broadcast in colour, from the day it began broadcasting, CFPL was affiliated with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1961, CFPL-TV began transmitting its signal from a 314 metre/1030 foot tall guyed tower located in London, in 1964, it became the CBC affiliate for Kitchener as well after CKCO-TV switched to CTV. CFPL was the CBCs largest private affiliate, but wanted to produce and this caused its relations with CBC to worsen over the years. CBC required affiliates like CFPL to carry a minimum amount of its schedule, nonetheless, CFPL was a very successful station, and posted good profits. It finally disaffiliated with CBC and went independent on September 4,1988, CFPLs slogan following disaffiliation was The fun is here. But the slogan did not last, with no CBC programming, such as The National and Hockey Night in Canada to attract viewers, ratings plummeted and so did revenues. In 1992, amid poor ratings and low revenues, the station was sold to Baton Broadcasting, in 1994 the various Baton stations, including CFPL, merged to form first Ontario Network Television, then renamed Baton Broadcasting System. Baton greatly increased CFPLs news department, hiring dozens of people, while Baton focused much of energy on news programming, it cut much non-news local programming from many stations, including CFPL. The long-time lifestyles program One OClock Live was cancelled in early 1997, in 1997, Baton sold CFPL and some of its other television stations to CHUM Limited. Under CHUM, CFPL joined the NewNet system and was accordingly rebranded The New PL in September 1998 and this was not done without controversy. In April 1998, CHUM fired news co-anchor Al McGregor, which generated criticism of the stations new owners
33.
CKVR-DT
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CKVR-DT, virtual channel 3, is the flagship station of the CTV Two television system located in Barrie, Ontario, Canada. The station is owned by Bell Media, as part of a twinstick with Toronto-based CTV flagship station CFTO-DT and is sister to 24-hour regional news channel CP24. CKVR maintains studio facilities located at 33 Beacon Road in Barrie, there is a high definition feed available on Rogers Cable digital channel 595 in both areas. The station first signed on the air on September 28,1955, it was founded by Ralph Snelgrove, whose first initial and it originally operated as a privately owned affiliate of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1969, the station was purchased by CHUM Limited, becoming one of the first television stations owned by the company, the stations 225-foot auxiliary tower was also destroyed and there was some damage to the main studio building. The CKVR antenna was an RCA six-bay turnstile, on the following morning, the CBC secured the use of a 400 feet tower for CKVR. The first sections of the new tower were lifted into place on September 10. On September 19, CKVRs antenna was hoisted into place on the new tower, along with those for CBLFT and CHAY-FM, after work on the tower was completed, tests were made to the transmitters signal. At 8,35 p. m. that evening, the transmitter was turned on with a bar test pattern being broadcast. At 8,55 p. m. CKVR vice president and general manager Jack Mattenley went on the air in a live broadcast with a message of sympathy and words of gratitude to viewers. CKVR returned to the air at a power of 40,000 watts until a new 1. CKVR broadcast extensive coverage of the aftermath for several days. The station also held a telethon in June of that year to raise funds for the tornado victims. Once the CN Tower in Toronto was completed in 1976, atop which CBC flagship CBLT transmits from, CKVR management began to consider a different course for the station that took several years to become realized. On September 1,1995, CKVR ended its affiliation with the CBC and converted into an independent station as The New VR, at various times during the late 1990s and early 2000s, CKVR also broadcast mid-week games from the NBAs Toronto Raptors. Those operations were migrated to the Toronto facilities on June 3,2005, after CHUMs acquisition of Craig Media, its A-Channel stations in Western Canada were converted to owned-and-operated stations of the Citytv system on August 2,2005. On the same day, the brand was transferred to the NewNet stations. CTVglobemedia took control of the A-Channel stations and the rest of CHUM Limiteds assets on June 22,2007, richard Gray was named head of news for the A-Channel stations and CKX-TV in Brandon, Manitoba
34.
Omni Television
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Omni Television is a Canadian television system that is owned by the Rogers Media subsidiary of Rogers Communications. It currently consists of all six of Canadas conventional multicultural television stations, in addition, Rogers also briefly operated religious television stations in the Vancouver and Winnipeg television markets under the Omni brand before divesting them in 2008. Derived from the Latin word omnis meaning all, Omni is not an acronym, torontos CFMT launched in 1979 as Canadas first free, over-the-air multilingual/multicultural television station, owned by Multilingual Television Ltd. As its initial format was 100% ethnic, the station experienced financial difficulties and it was, however, given a second multicultural licence in Toronto to provide room for additional multicultural programing, and launched CJMT as a sister station to CFMT in fall 2002. It was at point that the OMNI Television brand was introduced, with CFMT and CJMT branded as OMNI.1. The Omni brand was expanded in 2005, when Rogers acquired two religious TV stations, CHNU in the Vancouver market and CIIT in Winnipeg, from Trinity Television. CHNU was rebranded from NOWTV to OMNI.10 in September 2005, several proposed changes to the Omni system were announced, either by Rogers or by the CRTC, during a one-month span from June to July 2007. First, on June 8, the CRTC granted Rogers licenses to operate new multicultural stations in Calgary and Edmonton, on June 28, Rogers made public its offer to sell the religious-licensed Omni stations in Winnipeg and Vancouver as part of its contemporaneous purchase of Citytv. On July 7, Rogers announced an agreement to purchase the aforementioned CHNM, the fact that Rogers had acquired the Calgary and Edmonton multicultural licences, beating out Multivans competing applications, was cited as a major reason for the sale. On September 28, the CRTC approved Rogers takeover of the Citytv stations, a tentative deal to sell the stations to S-VOX, owner of VisionTV, was announced on November 6. On March 31,2008, the CRTC approved both Rogers acquisition of CHNM and its sale of CIIT and CHNU to S-VOX, CHNU was rebranded as CHNU10 on October 31,2007, a year before the Omni brand was transferred to CHNM. CIIT was rebranded CIIT11 in July 2008, after S-VOX took control of the station, both stations rebranded as Joytv on September 1,2008, CHNM rebranded as Omni BC on the same date. The two new stations in Calgary and Edmonton launched on September 15,2008 under the call letters CJCO, both were approved by the CRTC on December 20,2012. In essence, these English-language programs served to attract advertising revenue, as of the 2015-16 television season, all of these programs have been dropped in favor of additional multicultural shows and documentary programs. Omni regularly simulcaste the CBS late-night talk shows Late Show with David Letterman and The Late Late Show under hosts Tom Snyder and Craig Ferguson until their conclusions. While under Rogers ownership, CHNU and CIIT aired many of the types of programs as CFMT and CJMT, despite the difference in the nature of service of multicultural. The common brand allowed cost savings for promotions and for the acquisition of the general-entertainment programs that all of the Omni stations had used to generate most of their revenues. Omni Television stations have occasionally aired sporting events in minority languages, during the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Omni stations broadcast coverage of the games in minority languages, and on June 27,2013, Omni
35.
Trust law
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A trust is a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of another. A trust is created by a settlor, who transfers property to a trustee, the trustee holds that property for the trusts beneficiaries. Trusts exist mainly in common law jurisdictions and similar systems existed since Roman times and this may be done for tax avoidance reasons or to control the property and its benefits if the settlor is absent, incapacitated, or deceased. Trusts are frequently created in wills, defining how money and property will be handled for children or other beneficiaries, the trustee is given legal title to the trust property, but is obligated to act for the good of the beneficiaries. The trustee may be compensated and have expenses reimbursed, but otherwise must turn over all profits from the trust properties, Trustees who violate this fiduciary duty are self-dealing. Courts can reverse self-dealing actions, order profits returned, and impose other sanctions, the trustee may be either an individual, a company, or a public body. There may be a trustee or multiple co-trustees. The trust is governed by the terms under which it was created, in most jurisdictions, this requires a contractual trust agreement or deed. A trust is created by a settlor, who transfers title to some or all of his or her property to a trustee, the trust is governed by the terms under which it was created. In most jurisdictions, this requires a contractual trust agreement or deed and it is possible for a single individual to assume the role of more than one of these parties, and for multiple individuals to share a single role. For example, in a living trust it is common for the grantor to be both a trustee and a beneficiary, while naming other contingent beneficiaries. Trusts have existed since Roman times and have one of the most important innovations in property law. Trust law has evolved through court rulings differently in different states, so statements in this article are generalizations, States are adapting the Uniform Trust Code to codify and harmonize their trust laws, but state-specific variations still remain. An owner placing property into trust turns over part of his or her bundle of rights to the trustee, separating the propertys legal ownership and control from its equitable ownership and benefits. This may be done for tax reasons or to control the property and its benefits if the settlor is absent, incapacitated, testamentary trusts may be created in wills, defining how money and property will be handled for children or other beneficiaries. While the trustee is given legal title to the trust property, in accepting the property title, the primary duties owed include the duty of loyalty, the duty of prudence, the duty of impartiality. A trustee may be held to a high standard of care in their dealings. In addition, a trustee has a duty to know, understand, the trustee may be compensated and have expenses reimbursed, but otherwise must turn over all profits from the trust properties
36.
John McKellar
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John McKellar was a businessman and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He was the first mayor of Fort William, Ontario, serving from 1892 to 1898 and he was born in Mosa Township, London District, Upper Canada, the son of Duncan McKellar and Margaret Brodie, both immigrants from Scotland, and was schooled at home. The family moved to Ontonagon County in 1855 but left Michigan at the start of the American Civil War, McKellar and his brothers Peter and Donald laid claim to a number of mining properties north of Lake Superior, the profitable mines were generally sold to American interests. With the aid of his cousin Archibald McKellar, he received a grant on the Kaministiquia River within the future borders of Fort William. McKellar served on the council for the municipality of Shuniah which governed the Lakehead townships, in 1881, six townships, including Neebing Additional Township where McKellars property was located, separated from Shuniah and formed a new municipality, known as the Municipality of Neebing. McKellar later became a councillor, then reeve for Neebing 1888-92 and he campaigned for the incorporation of the town of Fort William and served as its first mayor. McKellar died in Fort William at the age of 66, the John McKellar Memorial Hospital was named in his honour in 1902. F. Brent Scollie, Thunder Bay Mayors & Councillors 1873-1945, 206-207
37.
Much (TV channel)
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Much is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel. It is currently owned by Bell Media, the channel first launched on August 31,1984, under the ownership of CHUM Limited, as one of the countrys first specialty channels. Upon its launch, and for much of its life, the network primarily aired music programming, including blocks of videos and original series focusing on musicians. MuchMusic was licensed on April 2,1984 by the Canadian Radio-television and it had faced competition from two other proposed services. One of them, CMTV Canadian Music Television, was deemed not to have sufficient financial resources, the third applicant was Rogers Radio Broadcasting. The station was initially patterned on City Limits, a weekend rock music show which had aired on sister station CITY-TV since 1983. Shortly thereafter, MuchMusic was launched on August 31,1984 as one of the first Canadian cable specialty channels and it was headed by the channels founders John Martin and Moses Znaimer. The first video played on MuchMusic was an early music-to-film synchronization short from the 1920s which featured Eubie Blake performing Snappy Songs, the first video made specifically for television air play was Rushs The Enemy Within. Some variance from this model was seen with the late-night programs City Limits and Too Much 4 Much, in 1994, MuchMusic began distribution in the United States through Rainbow Program Holdings. MuchMusic is well known for its annual awards show that airs every Fathers Day called the MuchMusic Video Awards. It is anticipated and promoted for weeks before the night of the MMVAs, as well, MuchMusic funds the creation of new Canadian music videos through MuchFACT and produces the popular album series Big Shiny Tunes and MuchDance. In 2002, MuchMusic introduced promos that consisted of one of images of a VJ posing in front of the networks logo. The quickies were recognized with a Guinness World Record for the worlds shortest television commercial, in July 2006, Bell Globemedia announced that it would purchase CHUM for an estimated $1.7 billion CAD, including MuchMusic. The sale was subject to CRTC approval and was approved in June 2007, since then, MuchMusic has aired a vast number of non-music related programs. Before those programs aired, Much Mega Hits was a prominent program that played music videos based on singles. Bell Canada gained control of MuchMusic through its takeover of CTVglobemedia on April 1,2011, shortly thereafter, MuchMusic received a new look and a new Much logo, while continuing to add non-music television series, mainly dramas and reality shows. Since September 2013, the channel has been airing significantly more comedy programming targeting young adults during the afternoon and primetime hours. Such shows included Comedy Central series, reruns of The Simpsons and The Cleveland Show, as well as Late Night with Jimmy Fallon and Conan
38.
E! (Canadian TV channel)
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E. is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel that is owned by Bell Media. Based on the U. S cable network of the same name, nBCUniversal licenses the name and programming for the channel under a brand licensing agreement, but it doesnt hold an ownership interest. The network was launched in 1999 as the similarly-formatted Star. Under the ownership of CHUM Limited, in 2010, the channel reached a deal to license the name and branding of the U. S. E. network. The channel was licensed in 1996 by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission and was launched on September 10,1999 as Star, which was originally owned by CHUM Limited. On June 22,2007, CTVglobemedia gained full control of Star, as a result of a takeover of CHUM Limited. That fall, Star. s daily entertainment news program Star, daily was cancelled and replaced with its CTV-produced competitor, etalk. As a result of the changes, the Citytv stations were sold to Rogers Media that same year. Although the broadcast version of E. Canada ceased operations in 2009, on November 1,2010, CTVglobemedia announced it had signed a multi-year and multi-platform deal with Comcast, to return the E. brand back to Canada. Under the agreement, Star. was relaunched as E, entertainment Television on November 29,2010. Ownership changed hands again, when on April 1,2011, Bell Canada gained full control of E. as a result of a takeover of CTVglobemedia, with the latter company becoming known as Bell Media. At E. U. Ss upfronts presentation on April 30,2012, on the same day, Bell announced that the Canadian version of the channel would adopt E. s new branding on the same day as its debut in the U. S. On July 12,2012, E. Canada launched a high definition simulcast feed and it is currently available on Bell TV, MTS, SaskTel, Telus Optik TV, Bell Aliant and EastLink. Official website E. System - Canadian Communications Foundation E. Canadas channel on YouTube
39.
Bravo (Canada)
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Bravo is a Canadian English language Category A cable and satellite specialty channel that is owned by Bell Media. The channel was founded as a Canadian version of the U. S. channel Bravo, and originally focused on performing arts, drama, and independent film. However, as with its U. S. counterpart, the channel has largely dropped its arts programming, in the 1980s, a precursor to Bravo existed called C Channel. The service was a national commercial-free pay television channel focused on arts programming. Over 10 years later, another attempt at a channel was proposed when CHUM Limited applied to the Canadian Radio-television. In June 1994, CHUMs application for Bravo was approved, citing its nature of service as focusing on performance and drama programming, as well as documentary and discussion. It focused on programming, including music, ballet, literature, television and film drama, visual arts, modern dance, opera. Films funded by Bravo. FACT have regularly aired on the channel, after CTVglobemedias purchase of Bravo, the channel increasingly shifted its focus toward more television and film dramas, and lessened its focus on arts programming. On September 10,2010, BCE Inc. announced that it planned to acquire 100% interest in CTVglobemedia for a total debt and equity transaction cost of CAD$3.2 billion. The deal was approved by the CRTC on March 7,2011 and this format shift was further emphasized on May 14,2012, when Bravo unveiled a new on-air logo and new on-air presentation as part of an extensive rebranding of the network. The new logo dropped the original logo that Bravo had maintained since its launch. 19-2 Between programs, Bravo often aired short films by Canadian artists, funded by its foundation Bravo. FACT, many of these also aired on Bravos weekly series Bravo. Fact Presents. Arts & Minds At the Concert Hall Bravo. Fact Presents Bravo. NEWS Bravo, Bravo HD is a high definition simulcast feed of Bravo, which broadcasts in the 1080i resolution format, the feed was launched on October 6,2011. It is available on Bell TV, Bell Fibe TV, Shaw Cable, Rogers Cable, Vidéotron and Telus Optik TV
