1.
Fugitive Pieces (film)
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Fugitive Pieces is a 2007 Canadian drama film directed by Jeremy Podeswa, who also adapted the film from the award-winning novel of the same name written by Anne Michaels. The film tells the story of Jakob Beer, who is orphaned in Poland during World War II and is saved by a Greek archeologist, the film premièred 6 September 2007 as the opening film of that years Toronto International Film Festival.5 million. Matthew Davies was the designer for the film. Peter Emmink was in charge of art direction, the costumes were designed by Anne Dixon. Set decoration was provided by Erica Milo and Nikos Triandafilopoulos, visual effects were provided by Mr. X Inc. John Rowley was the music supervisor, diane Pitblado was the dialect coach. Fugitive Pieces premièred on 6 September 2007 as the film of that years Toronto International Film Festival. It opened in limited release in the United States on 2 May 2008, grossed $102,212 in 30 theatres its opening weekend, though the retelling is a bit too subtle, the moving story and solid performances lift Fugitive Pieces beyond standard holocaust tales. Metacritic reported the film had a score of 60 out of 100. The film won the award of the Newport Beach Film Festival in the categories Best Cinematographer, Best Director and Best Screenplay
Fugitive Pieces (film)
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Fugitive Pieces Poster
2.
Emotional Arithmetic
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The film stars Gabriel Byrne, Roy Dupuis, Christopher Plummer, Susan Sarandon, and Max von Sydow. It opened at the Toronto International Film Festival, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on September 15,2007, and was released, in Canada, on April 18,2008. When released by Image Entertainment on DVD in the US, on July 22,2008, the films title differed from that of its theatrical release, decades after their release from Drancy, their emotional wounds still affect their lives in different ways when they meet again. Now in her 50s, Melanie is married to David Winters, a cold and grouchy older professor of history, who was once her teacher, a now-elderly poet, Jakob, having survived the gulag, has recently been released from a Russian psychiatric hospital. Christopher, a non-Jewish Irishman who had been interred at Drancy by mistake, Emotional Arithmetic tries to paint a picture of the long-term emotional effects of political atrocities, which is certainly an important topic. But, again, it feels like a film that was made to be about an important topic — its a little too obvious, a little too on-the-nose, a little familiar. Emotional Arithmetic has the best of intentions, its just that its whole is far less than the sum of the parts, Emotional Arithmetic is all about the math, not the emotion, its all brain and no heart as far as the filmmaking goes. Jam. canoe. ca, rpt. from Toronto Sun, munch Ado about Nothing, Emotional Arithmetic, Dreary by the Numbers. The Montreal Gazette, April 18,2008, Emotional Arithmetic at the Internet Movie Database Emotional Arithmetic at AllMovie
Emotional Arithmetic
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Theatrical release poster
3.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, Toronto is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is well known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, the name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto, meaning place where trees stand in the water. This refers to the end of what is now Lake Simcoe. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
Toronto
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From top left:
Downtown Toronto featuring the
CN Tower and
Financial District from the
Toronto Harbour,
City Hall, the
Ontario Legislative Building,
Casa Loma,
Prince Edward Viaduct, and the
Scarborough Bluffs
Toronto
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Coat of arms
Toronto
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Map of Toronto, 1894
Toronto
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Yonge Street in 1900
4.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
Ontario
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Algonquin Provincial Park, Cache Lake
Ontario
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Flag
Ontario
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Summer at
Sandbanks Provincial Park on Lake Ontario.
Ontario
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The
Niagara Escarpment on the
Bruce Peninsula.
5.
Toronto International Film Festival
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The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Year-round, TIFF Bell Lightbox offers screenings, lectures, discussions, festivals, workshops, industry support, TIFF Bell Lightbox is located on the north west corner of King Street and John Street in downtown Toronto. In 2015,397 films from 71 countries were screened at 28 screens in downtown Toronto venues, welcoming an estimated 480,000 attendees, TIFF starts the Thursday night after Labour Day and lasts for eleven days. Founded in 1976, TIFF is now one of the most prestigious events of its kind in the world, in 1998, Variety magazine acknowledged that TIFF is second only to Cannes in terms of high-profile pics, stars and market activity. In 2007, TIME noted that TIFF had grown from its place as the most influential film festival to the most influential film festival. This is partially the result of TIFFs ability and reputation for generating Oscar buzz, the Toronto International Festival’s Grolsch People’s Choice Award — which is based on popular vote by Festival filmgoers — has emerged as a beacon of awards-season success. Founded by Bill Marshall, Dusty Cohl and Henk Van der Kolk and that first year,35,000 filmgoers watched 127 films from 30 countries presented in ten programmes. Piers Handling has been the director and CEO since 1994. TIFF was once centred on the Yorkville neighbourhood, but the Toronto Entertainment District later gained a level of prominence. TIFF is known for the celebrity buzz it brings to the area with international media setting up near its restaurants and stores for photos and interviews with the stars. In 2010, TIFF opened its permanent headquarters, TIFF Bell Lightbox, TIFF has grown, steadily adding initiatives throughout the years. TIFF Cinematheque and the Film Reference Library opened in 1990, the TIFF Kids International Film Festival launched in 1998. Film Circuit began exhibiting independent and Canadian films in under-serviced cities across Canada in 1994, the festival was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel by Bill Marshall, Henk Van der Kolk and Dusty Cohl. Beginning as a collection of the films from film festivals around the world. Ironically, however, Hollywood studios withdrew their submissions from TIFF due to concerns that Toronto audiences would be too parochial for their products, in 1994, the decision was made to replace the name Festival of Festivals with Toronto International Film Festival. From 1994 to 2009, the organization running TIFF was named Toronto International Film Festival Group. In 2009, the umbrella organization TIFFG was renamed to TIFF, in 2001, Perspective Canada, the programme that had focused on Canadian films since 1984, was replaced by two programmes, Canada First. A forum for Canadian filmmakers presenting their first feature-length work, featuring eight to 15 films, and Short Cuts Canada, in 2004, TIFF was featured as the site of murder mystery in the film Jiminy Glick in Lalawood, a comedy film starring Martin Short
Toronto International Film Festival
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The festival is headquartered at TIFF Bell Lightbox, which opened in 2010.
Toronto International Film Festival
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Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF box office at the
Manulife Centre in 2006
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF Bell Lightbox
6.
Film festival
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A film festival is an organised, extended presentation of films in one or more cinemas or screening venues, usually in a single city or region. Increasingly, film festivals show some films outdoors, films may be of recent date and, depending upon the festivals focus, can include international and domestic releases. Some festivals focus on a specific film-maker or genre or subject matter, a number of film festivals specialise in short films of a defined maximum length. Film festivals are annual events. Some film historians do not consider Film Festivals as official releases of film, the Venice Film Festival is the oldest major festival. The Melbourne International Film Festival is the largest film festival in the Southern Hemisphere, the San Sebastián International Film Festival is one of the most important and oldest film festivals in Europe. It was at this festival where the worldwide first release of North by Northwest was showed, Raindance Film Festival is the UKs largest celebration of independent film-making, and takes place in London in October. Australias first and longest running festival is the Melbourne International Film Festival. Edinburgh International Film Festival is the longest running festival in Great Britain, North Americas first and longest running short film festival is the Yorkton Film Festival, established in 1947. The first film festival in the United States was the Columbus International Film & Video Festival, also known as The Chris Awards and it was followed four years later by the San Francisco International Film Festival, held in March 1957, which emphasized feature-length dramatic films. The festival played a role in introducing foreign films to American audiences. Films in the first year included Akira Kurosawas Throne of Blood, Film festival dedicated to honoring music in film. Digital feature film began in 2005, along with the worlds first online film festival. Unlike other arts nonprofits, film festivals typically receive few donations from the public and are occasionally organized as nonprofit business associations instead of public charities. Film industry members often have significant curatorial input, and corporate sponsors are given opportunities to promote their brand to festival audiences in exchange for cash contributions, private parties, often to raise investments for film projects, constitute significant fringe events. Larger festivals maintain year-round staffs often engaging in community and charitable projects outside festival season, on the other hand, some festivals—usually those accepting fewer films, and perhaps not attracting as many big names in their audiences as do Sundance and Telluride—require no entry fee. Rotterdam Film Festival, Mumbai Film Festival, and many film festivals in the United States, are examples. The Portland International Film Festival charges a fee, but waives it for filmmakers from the Northwestern United States
Film festival
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Film festivals
Film festival
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Traverse City Film Festival and their giant
inflatable movie screen
7.
No Country for Old Men (film)
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No Country for Old Men is a 2007 American neo-western neo-noir thriller film written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, based on Cormac McCarthys novel of the same name. A cat-and-mouse drama starring Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, and Josh Brolin, it follows a Texas welder, themes of fate, conscience, and circumstance are explored, ones that the Coen brothers have previously explored in the films Blood Simple and Fargo. No Country for Old Men premiered in competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival on May 19 and it won four awards at the 80th Academy Awards – Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay. In addition, the film won three British Academy Film Awards including Best Director, and two Golden Globes, the American Film Institute listed it as an AFI Movie of the Year, and the National Board of Review selected the film as the best of 2007. More critics included No Country for Old Men on their 2007 top ten lists than any other film, in 2016, it was voted the 10th best film of the 21st century as picked by 177 film critics from around the world. In a neighboring county, Anton Chigurh, a hitman, strangles a sheriffs deputy to escape custody, Chigurh spares the life of a gas station owner after the owner accepts a challenge and correctly calls the result of Chigurhs coin flip. Hunting pronghorns in the desert, Llewelyn Moss comes across the aftermath of a deal gone awry. He finds several dead men and dogs, a wounded Mexican begging for water and he takes the money and returns home. That night, Moss returns to the scene with water and he is pursued by two men in a truck and escapes. At home, he sends his wife, Carla Jean, to stay with her mother, then drives to a motel in Del Rio, Chigurh, hired to recover the money, abruptly kills his employers after obtaining a clue to Mosss identity. Arriving to search Mosss home, he uses his pistol to blow the lock out of the door. Investigating the break in, Sheriff Bell notices the blown-out lock, using a tracking device hidden with the money, Chigurh goes to Mosss motel and kills a group of Mexicans who are preparing to ambush Moss in his room. Moss has rented a room adjacent to the Mexicans room with access to the same vent in which the money is hidden. He retrieves the briefcase just before Chigurh opens the vent and finds it empty, while staying at a hotel in Eagle Pass, Moss discovers the tracking device, but Chigurh has already found him. Their firefight spills onto the streets and both are wounded, Moss flees to Mexico, stashing the case of money in weeds along the Rio Grande. He asks for help from musicians, who take him to a hospital. Carson Wells, another hired operative, fails to persuade him to accept protection in return for the money, Chigurh cleans and stitches his own wounds with stolen supplies and kills Wells at his hotel. Moss telephones the room and Chigurh answers, lifting his boots to avoid Wellss blood, Chigurh tells Moss that he will kill Carla Jean unless Moss gives up the money, he remarks that he will kill Moss regardless of whether he receives the money
No Country for Old Men (film)
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Theatrical release poster
No Country for Old Men (film)
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Javier Bardem (left) with the
Coen brothers at the
2007 Cannes Film Festival.
No Country for Old Men (film)
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Javier Bardem received critical acclaim for his role as Anton Chigurh.
8.
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (film)
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The Diving Bell and the Butterfly is a 2007 biographical drama film directed by Julian Schnabel and written by Ronald Harwood. Based on Jean-Dominique Baubys memoir of the name, the film depicts Baubys life after suffering a massive stroke that left him with a condition known as locked-in syndrome. Bauby is played by Mathieu Amalric, the Diving Bell and the Butterfly won awards at the Cannes Film Festival, the Golden Globes, the BAFTAs, and the César Awards, and received four Academy Award nominations. Several critics later listed it as one of the best films of its decade, the first third of the film is told from the main characters, Jean-Dominique Bauby, or Jean-Do as his friends call him, first person perspective. The film opens as Bauby wakes from his coma in a hospital in Berck-sur-Mer. At first, the viewer primarily hears Baubys thoughts, which are inaccessible to the other characters, a speech therapist and physical therapist try to help Bauby become as functional as possible. Gradually, the restricted point of view broadens out. He also fantasizes, imagining beaches, mountains, the Empress Eugénie and it is revealed that Bauby had been editor of the popular French fashion magazine Elle, and that he had a deal to write a book. He decides that he will write a book, using his slow. A woman from the house with which Bauby had the original book contract is brought in to take dictation. Others around see his spirit, still alive, as a Butterfly, the story of Baubys writing is juxtaposed with his recollections and regrets until his stroke. We see the mother of his three children, his children, his mistress, his friends, and his father, Bauby eventually completes his memoir and hears the critics responses. He dies of pneumonia ten days after its publication, the closing credits are accentuated by reversed shootings of breaking glacier ice, accompanied by the Joe Strummer & the Mescaleros song Ramshackle Day Parade. Lepage Max von Sydow as Mr. Bauby Sr, according to the screenwriter, Ronald Harwood, the choice of Julian Schnabel as director was recommended by Depp. Universal subsequently withdrew, and Pathé took up the two years later. Depp dropped the project due to scheduling conflicts with Pirates of the Caribbean, Schnabel said his influence for the film was drawn from personal experience, My father got sick and he was dying. He was terrified of death and had never been sick in his life, so he was in this bed at my house, he was staying with me, and this script arrived for The Diving Bell and the Butterfly. As my father was dying, I read Ron Harwood’s script and it gave me a bunch of parameters that would make a film have a totally different structure
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (film)
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Theatrical release poster
9.
4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days
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4 Months,3 Weeks and 2 Days is a 2007 Romanian art film written and directed by Cristian Mungiu. It won the Palme dOr and the FIPRESCI Award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, the film is set in Communist Romania in the final years of the Nicolae Ceaușescu era. It tells the story of two students, roommates in the university dormitory, who try to arrange an illegal abortion, after making its worldwide debut at Cannes, the film made its Romanian debut on 1 June 2007, at the Transilvania International Film Festival. It opened to acclaim, and has since been considered one of the major films of the 2000s. The film follows the story of Otilia Mihartescu and Gabriela Găbița Dragut, the film is set in 1987, one of the last years of the Ceaușescu government. When Găbița becomes pregnant, the two girls arrange a meeting with Mr. Bebe in a hotel, where he is to perform an illegal abortion. At the college dorm Găbița and Otilia review the items they need for the day, afterwards, Otilia takes a bus to visit her boyfriend Adi, from whom she borrows money. Adi asks Otilia to visit his family that night, as it is his mothers birthday, and to buy flowers on the way, to which Otilia initially declines, but she relents after Adi becomes upset. Otilia heads to a hotel where Găbița has booked a room, Otilia goes to another hotel, and after much begging and haggling is able to book a room at an expensive rate. Afterwards Otilia goes to a point to meet with Mr. Bebe, although he had asked Găbița that she meets him. Mr. Bebe grows angry upon hearing that Găbița is not at the planned hotel, Mr. Bebe discovers that Găbițas claim that her pregnancy was in its third month is a lie, in fact, it has been at least four months. The two women were certain that they would pay no more than 3000 lei for the abortion, however, it slowly becomes clear to the women that he expects both women to have sex with him. Otilia reluctantly has sex with Mr. Bebe so that he not walk out on them. Mr. Bebe then performs the abortion by injecting a probe and a fluid into Găbițas uterus. Otilia is exasperated by Găbițas lies, yet continues to help her, Otilia leaves Găbița at the hotel to go to Adis mothers birthday. She is still disturbed but stays and has dinner with Adis mothers friends and they all talk about trivial things while Otilia and Adi remain silent. The phone rings in the background, but no one answers it, after fighting with Adi, Otilia calls Găbița from Adis house. Găbița does not answer, so Otilia decides to go back to Găbița, when Otilia enters the room Găbița is lying on the bed, and she tells Otilia that the fetus has come out and is in the bathroom
4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days
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Theatrical poster
10.
2007 Cannes Film Festival
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The 2007 Cannes Film Festival, the sixtieth, ran from 16 to 27 May 2007. Wong Kar-wais My Blueberry Nights opened the festival, and Denys Arcands The Age of Ignorance closed, the President of the Official Jury was British director Stephen Frears. Le Clézio, French writer Dominik Moll, German director Deborah Nadoolman, American costume designer Tous Les Cinemas du Monde began in 2005 to showcase films from a variety of different countries. From 19 May to 25 May 2007, films were screened from India, Lebanon, Poland, Kenya, Guinea, Angola, Slovenia, the first two days of this program were devoted entirely to the cinema of India and included films in a number of different languages. The Hindi film, Lage Raho Munna Bhai, which screened on 19 May, was well received. In addition, a Maniratnam film, Guru, was also a critical success. Other films included the Hindi film Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal starring John Abraham and Bipasha Basu, Dharm, the Malayalam film Saira, Missed Call, the Tamil film Veyil, another Tamil language Indian film, Mozhi was shown in the non-prize category at a later date. Labaki not only directed and co-wrote the film but plays the lead as well, the rest of the cast is composed mostly of unprofessional actors, all of whom deliver very convincing performances and add a lot of color and depth to the film. The film proved to be a sleeper at the festival and was distributed in well over 40 countries, becoming an international hit
2007 Cannes Film Festival
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Official poster of the 60th Cannes Film Festival featuring Pedro
Almodóvar,
Juliette Binoche,
Jane Campion,
Souleymane Cissé,
Penélope Cruz,
Gérard Depardieu,
Samuel L. Jackson,
Bruce Willis and
Wong Kar Wai and photographed by
Alex Majoli.
2007 Cannes Film Festival
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U2 perform at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, prior to the screening of
U2 3D
2007 Cannes Film Festival
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2007
Un Certain Regard poster by Italian comics artist
Enrico Marini.
2007 Cannes Film Festival
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Olivier Assayas
11.
Joy Division
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Joy Division were an English rock band formed in 1976 in Salford, Greater Manchester. Originally named Warsaw, the band consisted of singer Ian Curtis, guitarist and keyboardist Bernard Sumner, bass player Peter Hook, and drummer Stephen Morris. Formed by Sumner and Hook after the two attended a Sex Pistols gig, Joy Division soon moved beyond their roots to develop a sound. The bands self-released 1978 debut EP, An Ideal for Living, drew the attention of the Manchester television personality Tony Wilson, Joy Divisions debut album Unknown Pleasures, recorded with producer Martin Hannett, was released in 1979 to critical acclaim. As the bands popularity grew, singer Curtis suffered from problems that included depression, a failing marriage. He found it difficult to perform live concerts, during which he sometimes suffered seizures. In May 1980, on the eve of the bands first American tour, Curtis committed suicide, the bands second and final album, Closer, was released two months later, the album and preceding single Love Will Tear Us Apart became the bands highest charting release. After Curtiss death, the members continued as New Order. Although their career spanned less than four years, Joy Division continues to exert an influence on a variety of subsequent artists, on 20 July 1976, childhood friends Sumner and Hook separately attended a Sex Pistols show at the Manchester Lesser Free Trade Hall. The following day Hook borrowed £35 from his mother to buy his first bass guitar, Sumner later said that he felt that the Pistols destroyed the myth of being a pop star, of a musician being some kind of god that you had to worship. Inspired by the performance, Sumner and Hook formed a band with their friend Terry Mason, Sumner bought a guitar, and Mason a drum kit. They invited schoolfriend Martin Gresty to join as vocalist, but he turned them down after getting a job at a local factory, an advertisement was placed in the Virgin Records shop in Manchester for a vocalist. Ian Curtis, who knew them from earlier gigs, responded and was hired without audition, Sumner said that he knew he was all right to get on with and thats what we based the whole group on. If we liked someone, they were in, Warsaw debuted on 29 May 1977 at the Electric Circus, supporting the Buzzcocks, Penetration and John Cooper Clarke. They received immediate national exposure due to reviews of the gig in the NME by Paul Morley, Tony Tabac played drums that night after joining the band two days earlier. Mason was soon made the manager and Tabac was replaced on drums in June 1977 by Steve Brotherdale. During his tenure with Warsaw, Brotherdale tried to get Curtis to leave the band and join Panik, in July 1977, Warsaw recorded a set of five demo tracks at Pennine Sound Studios, Oldham. Uneasy with Brotherdales aggressive personality, the band fired him soon after the demo sessions, driving home from the studio, they pulled over and asked Brotherdale to check on a flat tyre, when he got out of the car, they sped off
Joy Division
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Joy Division c. 1979: Morris, Curtis, Sumner, Hook
Joy Division
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Sumner and Hook were inspired to form a band after attending a
Sex Pistols gig in July 1976.
Joy Division
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Manchester television personality
Tony Wilson signed Joy Division to his
Factory Records label.
Joy Division
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Curtis performing with Joy Division at the Mayflower in Manchester in 1979.
12.
Control (2007 film)
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Control is a 2007 British biographical film about the life of Ian Curtis, singer of the late-1970s English post-punk band Joy Division. It is the first feature directed by Anton Corbijn, who had worked with Joy Division as a photographer. The screenplay by Matt Greenhalgh was based on the biography Touching from a Distance by Curtis widow Deborah, Tony Wilson, who released Joy Divisions records through his Factory Records label, also served as a co-producer. Curtis bandmates Bernard Sumner, Peter Hook, and Stephen Morris provided incidental music for the soundtrack via their post-Joy Division incarnation New Order. Control was filmed partly on location in Nottingham, Manchester, and Macclesfield, including areas where Curtis lived, alexandra Maria Lara plays Honoré, while James Anthony Pearson, Joe Anderson, and Harry Treadaway play Sumner, Hook, and Morris, respectively. The film also features Toby Kebbell as band manager Rob Gretton and it went on to win five British Independent Film Awards including Best Film, Best Director for Corbijn, Most Promising Newcomer for Riley, and Best Supporting Actor for Kebbell. Ian Curtis and Debbie Woodruff marry in 1975 in their town of Macclesfield at ages 19 and 18. Ian retreats from domestic life, preferring to write poetry in solitude, on June 4,1976 they attend a Sex Pistols concert with Bernard Sumner, Peter Hook, and Terry Mason, who are starting a band. Mesmerized by the concert, Ian volunteers to be their singer and they name themselves Warsaw, and Terry moves into a managerial role with the addition of drummer Stephen Morris. The band debuts 19 May 1977 and soon rename themselves Joy Division, Ian and Debbie finance their first EP, An Ideal for Living. During his job as an employment agent, Ian witnesses a seizure suffered by Corinne Lewis, unsatisfied with the brief mention Joy Division receives from television host Tony Wilson, Ian demands that he put the band on his programme. In April 1978 Joy Division plays a battle of bands, impressing Tony and Rob Gretton and they perform Transmission on Tonys programme and sign to his Factory Records label, Tony signs the contract using his own blood. In December 1978 Ian suffers a seizure on the way back from the bands first London gig, He is diagnosed with epilepsy and prescribed medications that leave him drowsy, learning that Corinne Lewis has died of a seizure, he pens Shes Lost Control about her. He begins to neglect Debbie, who gives birth to their daughter Natalie in April 1979, Ian quits his job to go on tour, leaving Debbie to work and care for the baby. Ian admits to Belgian journalist Annik Honoré that he is miserable at home, the two begin having an affair during Joy Divisions January 1980 European tour. On returning home, Ian tells Debbie he is if he still loves her. During the rehearsing of Love Will Tear Us Apart, Rob informs the band that they will be departing 19 May for a tour of the United States, Debbie finds evidence of Ians infidelity and confronts him. He promises that the affair is over, but continues to see Annik during the recording of Closer in Islington, Ian suffers a seizure mid-performance and is comforted by Annik, who admits she is falling in love with him
Control (2007 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Control (2007 film)
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Barton Street in Macclesfield, 2014, shot in colour and processed in black and white as Corbijn did, similar to a scene in the film
Control (2007 film)
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Control
13.
Joy Division (2007 film)
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Joy Division is a 2007 British documentary film on the British post-punk band Joy Division, directed by Grant Gee. The film assembles TV clips, newsreel, pictures of modern Manchester and Manchester in the late 1970s, Film critic Philip French, Someone says in the film that the revolutionary step they made was to progress from the usual punk groups angry statement, Fuck you. Joy Division were the first to say, Were fucked and it has the hallucinatory sci-fi feeling of Jean-Luc Godards Alphaville. The person being quoted was Tony Wilson, Joy Division at AllMovie Joy Division at the Internet Movie Database Joy Division at Rotten Tomatoes Joy Division at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival
Joy Division (2007 film)
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Joy Division
14.
The Weinstein Company
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The Weinstein Company is a mini-major film studio, founded in New York City by Bob and Harvey Weinstein in 2005. The studio originated after the Weinsteins had left Miramax Films, which they had co-founded in 1979 and they retained ownership of Dimension Films. TWC is one of the largest mini-major film studios in North America, in February 2006, TWC announced a distribution pact with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. MGM distributed the product domestically in theatres, while TWC will retain ownership of their product. On July 13,2006, the Weinsteins and Robert L. Johnson announced the creation of a joint venture studio titled Our Stories Films, in late August 2006, it was announced that TWC and co-investors Hubbard Media Group purchased Ovation TV, an arts-focused cable channel. In November 2006, TWC announced a deal with Blockbuster Video to give the video renting company exclusive rights for rentals starting on January 1,2007. However, under the First Sale Doctrine of United States copyright law, the company is the co-producer, along with Miramax, of the Lifetime reality series Project Runway, which for its first five seasons aired on Bravo. The series won a Peabody Award in 2007, on May 23,2007, the Weinstein Company announced the launch of three new direct-to-video labels, The Miriam Collection, Kaleidoscope TWC, and Dimension Extreme. On February 8,2008, TWC launched a distributor called Third Rail Releasing that released films aimed mainly at the video market. On September 25,2008, TWC ended its three-year distribution pact with MGM three months before the December 31 end date and this happened in part because TWC had struck a television output deal with Showtime, though not through MGMs output deal with them. During the span of their pact, TWC paid for marketing and prints, in 2009, TWC might have lost the rights to the movie Sin City 2. The first film cost only 40 million dollars to make and brought in almost 159 million in box office alone, Weinstein Company lawyer Bert Fields quickly denied this report saying TWCs rights to produce sequels to Sin City remain intact as they always have been. Any suggestion to the contrary is complete hogwash, in June 2009, the Weinstein Company announced the hiring of a financial adviser to restructure the finances of the company. Since July 2009, many occurred at TWC, and the release dates of some films were pushed back. On September 14,2009, TWC sold its stake in Genius Products, Genius however, had announced to exit the home video distribution business and the DVD rights that were distributed by Genius were sold to Vivendi Entertainment. TWC also struck a deal with Vivendi, the same year, it won a Peabody Award for The No.1 Ladies Detective Agency. In January 2010, TWC announced more layoffs at the company after the box office failure of Nine, on February 21,2010, The Weinstein Company made a deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment releasing the DVDs through Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions Group. Bob and Harvey Weinstein attempted to buy back Miramax from Disney in 2010, an ownership interest in TWCs library at that point, consisting of 200 titles, was sold off to Goldman Sachs and Assured Guaranty in 2010
The Weinstein Company
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The Weinstein Company LLC
15.
Toronto Star
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The Toronto Star is a Canadian broadsheet daily newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. a division of Star Media Group, the Star was first printed on Toronto World presses, and at its formation The World owned a 51% interest in it as a silent partner. That arrangement only lasted for two months, during time it was rumoured that William Findlay Billy Maclean, the Worlds proprietor, was considering selling the Star to the Riordon family. After an extensive fundraising campaign among the Star staff, Maclean agreed to sell his interest to Hocken, the paper did poorly in its first few years. Hocken sold out within the year, and several owners followed in succession until Sir William Mackenzie bought it in 1896 and its new editors, Edmund E. Sheppard and Frederic Nicholls, moved the entire Star operation into the same building used by the magazine Saturday Night. This would continue until Joseph E, holy Joe Atkinson, backed by funds raised by supporters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, bought the paper. The supporters included Senator George Cox, William Mulock, Peter Charles Larkin, Atkinson was the Stars editor from 1899 until his death in 1948. Its early opposition and criticism of the Nazi regime saw the paper one of the first North American papers to be banned in Germany. He championed many causes that would come to be associated with the welfare state, old age pensions, unemployment insurance. The Government of Canada Digital Collections website describes Atkinson as a radical in the best sense of that term, the Star was unique among North American newspapers in its consistent, ongoing advocacy of the interests of ordinary people. The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, with Mackenzie King, Atkinson became the controlling shareholder of the Star. The Star was frequently criticized for practising the yellow journalism of its era, for decades, the paper included heavy doses of crime and sensationalism, along with advocating social change. From 1910 to 1973, the Star published a weekend supplement, shortly before his death in 1948, Joseph E. Atkinson transferred ownership of the paper to a charitable organization given the mandate of continuing the papers liberal tradition. In 1949, the Province of Ontario passed the Charitable Gifts Act, barring charitable organizations from owning parts of profit-making businesses. It would continue to supply sponsored content to the CRBCs station CRCT, in 1971, the newspaper was renamed The Toronto Star and moved to a modern office tower at One Yonge Street by Queens Quay. The original Star Building at 80 King Street West was demolished to make room for First Canadian Place, the new building originally housed the papers presses. In 1992, the plant was moved to the Toronto Star Press Centre at the Highway 407 &400 interchange in Vaughan. In September 2002, the logo was changed, and The was dropped from the papers, during the 2003 blackout, the Star printed the paper at a press in Welland, Ontario
Toronto Star
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The January 23, 2013, front page of The Toronto Star
Toronto Star
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One Yonge Street – Current head office, built in 1970
Toronto Star
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The
Old Toronto Star Building, 80 King West in the 1930s
Toronto Star
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Toronto Star paperboy in
Whitby in 1940
16.
Sidney Lumet
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Sidney Arthur Lumet was an American director, producer and screenwriter with over 50 films to his credit. He was nominated for the Academy Award as Best Director for 12 Angry Men, Dog Day Afternoon, Network, and The Verdict. The Encyclopedia of Hollywood states that Lumet was one of the most prolific filmmakers of the modern era and he was noted by Turner Classic Movies for his strong direction of actors, vigorous storytelling and the social realism in his best work. Film critic Roger Ebert described him as having one of the finest craftsmen. Lumet was also known as an director, having worked with the best of them during his career. Sean Connery, who acted in five of his films, considered him one of his directors. A member of the cohort of New Yorks Actors Studio, Lumet began his directorial career in Off-Broadway productions. His first movie was typical of his best work, a well-acted, tightly written, as a result of directing 12 Angry Men, he was also responsible for leading the first wave of directors who made a successful transition from TV to movies. In 2005, Lumet received an Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement for his brilliant services to screenwriters, performers, two years later, he concluded his career with the acclaimed drama Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead. A few months after Lumets death in April 2011, a celebration of his work was held at New Yorks Lincoln Center with the appearance of numerous speakers. In 2015, Nancy Buirski directed By Sidney Lumet, a documentary about his career, Lumet was born in Philadelphia to parents of Jewish descent. He studied theater acting at the Professional Childrens School of New York, Lumets parents, Baruch and Eugenia Lumet, were both veterans of the Yiddish theatre. His father, who was an actor, director, producer and writer, was a Polish Jewish emigrant to the United States who was born in Warsaw, Lumets mother, who was a dancer, died when he was a child. He made his debut on radio at age four and stage debut at the Yiddish Art Theatre at age five. As a child he appeared in many Broadway plays, including 1935s Dead End. In 1935, aged 11, he appeared in a Henry Lynn short film, Papirossen, the film was shown in a theatrical play with the same title, based on a hit song, Papirosn. The play and short film appeared in the Bronx McKinley Square Theatre, in 1939, he made his only feature-length film appearance, at age 15, in. One Third of a Nation. In 1939, World War II interrupted his acting career
Sidney Lumet
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Lumet at 2007
Toronto International Film Festival
Sidney Lumet
Sidney Lumet
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Lumet in the 1940 play, Journey to Jerusalem
Sidney Lumet
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Directing a TV show in 1953
17.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
18.
David Cronenberg
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David Paul Cronenberg, CC OOnt FRSC is a Canadian filmmaker, actor and author. Cronenberg is one of the originators of what is commonly known as the body horror or visceral horror genre. This style of filmmaking explores peoples fears of bodily transformation and infection, in his films, the psychological is typically intertwined with the physical. In the first half of his career, he explored these themes mostly through horror and science fiction and his films have won numerous awards, including the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival for his film Crash. The Village Voice called him the most audacious and challenging narrative director in the English-speaking world, born in Toronto, Ontario, Cronenberg is the son of Esther, a musician, and Milton Cronenberg, a writer and editor. He was raised in a middle-class progressive Jewish family and his father was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and his mother was born in Toronto, all of his grandparents were from Lithuania. He began writing as a child and wrote constantly and he attended high school at Harbord Collegiate Institute and North Toronto Collegiate Institute. Cronenbergs fascination with the film Winter Kept Us Warm, by classmate David Secter and he began frequenting film camera rental houses, learning the art of filmmaking, and made two 16mm films. Inspired by the New York underground film scene, he founded the Toronto Film Co-op with Iain Ewing, after taking a year off to travel in Europe, he returned to Canada in 1967 and graduated from University College at the top of his class. After two short films and two short art-house features Cronenberg went into partnership with Ivan Reitman. The Canadian government provided financing for his films throughout the 1970s and he alternated his signature body horror films such as Shivers with projects reflecting his interest in car racing and bike gangs. Rabid exploited the unexpected acting talents of pornographic actress Marilyn Chambers, Rabid was a breakthrough with international distributors and his next two horror features gained stronger support. Cronenbergs films follow a progression, a movement from the social world to the inner life. In his early films, scientists modify human bodies, which results in the breakdown of social order, in his middle period, the chaos wrought by the scientist is more personal. In the later period, the scientist himself is altered by his experiment and this trajectory culminates in Dead Ringers in which a twin pair of gynecologists spiral into codependency and drug addiction. His later films tend more to the psychological, often contrasting subjective and objective realities, Cronenberg has cited William S. Burroughs and Vladimir Nabokov as influences. The novel was considered unfilmable, and Cronenberg acknowledged that a translation into film would cost 400 million dollars. Some of the moments are presented in this manner within the film
David Cronenberg
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Cronenberg at the 2012
Genie Awards
David Cronenberg
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Cronenberg at the 2011
Toronto International Film Festival
19.
Eastern Promises
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Eastern Promises is a 2007 British-Canadian-American gangster film directed by David Cronenberg, from a screenplay written by Steven Knight. The film stars Viggo Mortensen, Naomi Watts, Vincent Cassel and it tells a story of a Russian-British midwife, Anna, who delivers the baby of a drug-addicted 14-year old Russian prostitute who dies in childbirth. As Anna tries to protect the baby, she is enmeshed deeper into the criminal underworld, principal photography began November 2006, in locations in and around London. Eastern Promises received positive reception, appearing on several critics top 10 films lists for 2007. The film has won awards, including the Audience Prize for best film at the Toronto International Film Festival. The film received twelve Genie Award nominations and three Golden Globe Award nominations, Mortensen was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Anna Khitrova, a British-Russian midwife at a London hospital, finds a Russian-language diary on the body of Tatiana and she also finds a card for the Trans-Siberian Restaurant, which is owned by Semyon, an old vor in the Russian Mafia. Anna sets out to track down the family so that she can find a home for the baby girl, having meetings with Semyon. Annas mother Helen does not discourage her, but Annas Russian uncle and self-proclaimed former KGB officer, Stepan, whom Anna asks for help with the translation of the diary, urges caution. Through translation of the diary, Anna comes to learn that Semyon and his ignorant, unstable son Kirill had raped the girl, gotten her addicted to heroin, ultimately, Anna realizes that the baby was fathered by Semyon not Kirill. Kirills driver is Nikolai Luzhin, who serves as the family cleaner, removing evidence. Through Nikolai, Semyon, fearing prosecution, promises to give the location of the family to Anna if she hands back the diary. Nikolai takes the diary and gives a location, but urges Anna to keep the baby in London, Semyon distrusts Annas uncle Stepan and orders Nikolai to kill him. Nikolai accepts and soon Stepan goes missing, the hit was ill-advised and not approved by Semyon. Two Chechen hit-men soon arrive in London seeking vengeance and kill Azims mentally handicapped nephew who took part in the hit. Semyon hatches a plan to trick Nikolai into taking Kirills place during a meeting at the baths with Azim, the Chechens attack, thinking Nikolai is Kirill, but Nikolai kills them both, ending up in the hospital with severe wounds. It is revealed that Nikolai is actually an FSB agent who has infiltrated the gang, working under license from the British Government, Stepan is also safe, hiding in a 5-star hotel in Edinburgh for protection. Semyon orders Kirill to kidnap the girl and kill her
Eastern Promises
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Theatrical release poster
Eastern Promises
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Viggo Mortensen as Nikolai Luzhin in the film.
20.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
The New York Times
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Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on
Operation Pillar of Defense.
The New York Times
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First published issue of New-York Daily Times, on September 18, 1851.
The New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ' publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
The New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942
21.
Juno (film)
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Juno is a 2007 American comedy-drama independent film directed by Jason Reitman and written by Diablo Cody. Ellen Page stars as the character, an independent-minded teenager confronting an unplanned pregnancy. Michael Cera, Jennifer Garner, Jason Bateman, Allison Janney, filming spanned from early February to March 2007 in Vancouver, British Columbia. It premiered on September 8 at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival, Juno won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and earned three other Oscar nominations, including Best Picture and Best Actress for Page. Juno earned back its budget of $6.5 million in twenty days. It went on to earn $231 million, Juno received acclaim from critics, many of whom placed the film on their top ten lists for the year. It has received criticism and praise from members of both the pro-life and pro-choice communities regarding its treatment of abortion, sixteen-year-old Minnesota high-schooler Juno MacGuff discovers she is pregnant by her friend and longtime admirer, Paulie Bleeker. Going to a clinic run by a womens group, she encounters a schoolmate outside who is holding a one-person protest for pro-life vigil. Once inside, however, a variety of factors lead Juno to leave and she decides against abortion, and she decides to give the baby up for adoption. With the help of her friend Leah, Juno searches the ads in the Pennysaver and she tells her father, Mac, and stepmother, Bren, who offer their support. With Mac, Juno meets the couple, Mark and Vanessa Loring, in their expensive home, Juno visits Mark a few times, with whom she shares tastes in punk rock and horror films. Mark, who has set aside his rock band youth, works at home composing commercial jingles. Juno and Leah happen to see Vanessa in a mall being completely at ease with a child, and Juno encourages Vanessa to talk to her baby in the womb. As the pregnancy progresses, Juno struggles with the emotions she feels for the father, Paulie. Juno maintains an outwardly indifferent attitude toward Paulie, but when she learns he has asked another girl to the upcoming prom, Paulie reminds Juno that it is at her request they remain distant and tells her that she broke his heart. Not long before her baby is due, Juno is again visiting Mark when their interaction becomes emotional, Mark then tells her he will be leaving Vanessa. Juno is horrified by this revelation, with Mark asking Juno How do you think of me, Vanessa arrives home, and Mark tells her he does not feel ready to be a father and there are still things he wants to do first. Juno watches the Loring marriage fall apart, then drives away, returning to the Lorings home, she leaves a note and disappears as they answer the door
Juno (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Juno (film)
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Diablo Cody wrote the film based on many of her own high school experiences.
Juno (film)
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Jason Reitman pictured
Ellen Page as Juno when he first read the script.
Juno (film)
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Eric Hamber Secondary School stood in for the fictional Dancing Elk High School.
22.
Margot at the Wedding
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Margot at the Wedding is a 2007 bittersweet comedy film written and directed by Noah Baumbach. The film premiered on August 31,2007 at the 34th Telluride Film Festival, Margot is a successful but self-absorbed writer, it is suggested that she has borderline personality disorder. She brings her 11-year-old son Claude to spend a weekend visiting her free-spirited sister Pauline on the eve of her wedding to Malcolm at their home on Long Island, Margot disapproves of Paulines choice of fiancé, Malcolm is an unsuccessful musician whom Margot considers completely unattractive. While in town, Margot will also be interviewed in a local bookstore by Dick Koosman, Dicks teenage daughter Maisie also visits the house. Margot and Pauline have an uneasy relationship, Margot disapproves of Paulines life-choices - besides marrying Malcolm, Pauline is pregnant, a fact that she hasnt shared with Malcolm or her pre-teen daughter Ingrid. Pauline, meanwhile, resents Margot for writing and publishing thinly-disguised stories about her life and she is also incensed when Margot shares secrets told to her in confidence - including her pregnancy. Rather that confront each other, however, Pauline and Margot take out their frustrations on Malcolm and Claude, tensions come to a head twice. Margots interview goes disastrously wrong when Dicks questions become personal, while Pauline interrogates him about emails he received from one of her 20-year-old students, Malcolm admits he kissed Maisie. Returning to the house, Pauline finds Maisie inside, though Pauline says nothing, its obvious to Maisie that Pauline knows the truth. When Dick finds out what happened, he beats Malcolm up, Pauline and Ingrid escape Malcolm and the house with Margot and Claude. Pauline get into an argument, unleashing years of resentment. The next day, Pauline calls Malcolm, intent on breaking up with him, when he begs for forgiveness, however, she gives in and takes him back. Margot decides to stay with her sister, and puts Claude on a bus to Vermont so he can live with his father, as the bus pulls away with Claude, Margot has a change of heart and chases after it. Taking a seat next to a surprised Claude, Margot catches her breath, the scripts working title was Nicole at the Beach, but it was changed when Kidman signed on. It was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival, the New York Film Festival, the film opened in limited release in the United States on November 16,2007. It opened in the United Kingdom on February 8,2008, the film grossed US$1,995,043 in the United States and Canada and made US$2,897,757 worldwide. Critics gave the mixed reviews. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 52% based on reviews from 153 critics, metacritic gives the film an average score of 66 out of 100, based on 37 reviews
Margot at the Wedding
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Theatrical release poster
23.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
Bob Dylan
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Dylan onstage at Azkena Rock Festival,
Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, June 26, 2010
Bob Dylan
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Zimmerman family home in Hibbing, Minnesota
Bob Dylan
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With
Joan Baez during the civil rights "
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom ", August 28, 1963
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan in November 1963
24.
Brian De Palma
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Brian Russell De Palma is an American film director and screenwriter. He is considered part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking, in a career spanning over 40 years, he is best known for his suspense, psychological thriller, and crime films. De Palma, who is of Italian ancestry, is the youngest of three boys and was born in Newark, New Jersey to Vivienne and Anthony Federico De Palma, an orthopedic surgeon. He was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New Hampshire, and attended various Protestant and Quaker schools, when he was in high school, he built computers. He won a regional science-fair prize for a project titled An Analog Computer to Solve Differential Equations, enrolled at Columbia as a physics student, De Palma became enraptured with the filmmaking process after viewing Citizen Kane and Vertigo. An early association with a young Robert De Niro resulted in The Wedding Party, De Niro was unknown at the time, the credits mistakenly display his name as Robert Denero. The film is noteworthy for its invocation of silent film techniques, De Palma followed this style with various small films for the NAACP and The Treasury Department. In an interview with Gelmis from 1969, De Palma described the film as very good and its distributed by Pathe Contemporary and makes lots of money. I shot it in four hours, with synched sound, I had two other guys shooting peoples reactions to the paintings, and the paintings themselves. Dionysus in 69 was De Palmas other major documentary from this period, the film records The Performance Groups performance of Euripides The Bacchae, starring, amongst others, De Palma regular William Finley. The play is noted for breaking traditional barriers between performers and audience, the films most striking quality is its extensive use of the split-screen. De Palma recalls that he was floored by this performance upon first sight, and in 1973 recounts how he began to try and figure out a way to capture it on film. I came up with the idea of split-screen, to be able to show the actual audience involvement, to trace the life of the audience, De Palmas most significant features from this decade are Greetings and Hi, Mom. Both films star Robert De Niro and espouse a Leftist revolutionary viewpoint common to their era, Greetings was entered into the 19th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won a Silver Bear award. His other major film from this period is the slasher comedy Murder a la Mod, Greetings is about three New Yorkers dealing with the draft. The film is considered the first to deal explicitly with the draft. The film is noteworthy for its use of experimental techniques to convey its narrative in ultimately unconventional ways. Footage was sped up, rapid cutting was used to distance the audience from the narrative, Greetings ultimately grossed over $1 million at the box office and cemented De Palmas position as a bankable filmmaker
Brian De Palma
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Brian De Palma, 2007
Brian De Palma
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De Palma at the
2009 Toronto International Film Festival
25.
Iraq War
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The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that toppled the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces. An estimated 151,000 to 600,000 or more Iraqis were killed in the first 3–4 years of conflict and it became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition, the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue. The invasion began on 20 March 2003, with the U. S. joined by the United Kingdom and several allies, launching a shock. Iraqi forces were overwhelmed as U. S. forces swept through the country. The invasion led to the collapse of the Baathist government, President Hussein was captured during Operation Red Dawn in December of that same year, the United States responded with a troop surge in 2007. The winding down of U. S. involvement in Iraq accelerated under President Barack Obama, the U. S. formally withdrew all combat troops from Iraq by December 2011. Select U. S. officials accused Saddam of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, while others cited the desire to end a repressive dictatorship, after the invasion, no substantial evidence was found to verify the initial claims about WMDs. The rationale and misrepresentation of pre-war intelligence faced heavy criticism within the U. S. in the aftermath of the invasion, Iraq held multi-party elections in 2005. Nouri al-Maliki became Prime Minister in 2006 and remained in office until 2014, the al-Maliki government enacted policies that were widely seen as having the effect of alienating the countrys Sunni minority and worsening sectarian tensions. The Iraq War caused hundreds of thousands of civilian, and thousands of military casualties, the majority of casualties occurred as a result of the insurgency and civil conflicts between 2004 and 2007. A1990 Frontline report on The arming of Iraq said, Officially, most Western nations participated in an arms embargo against Iraq during the 1980s. Western companies, primarily in Germany and Great Britain, but also in the United States, sold Iraq the key technology for its chemical, missile, any Western governments seemed remarkably indifferent, if not enthusiastic, about those deals. N Washington, the government consistently followed a policy which allowed and perhaps encouraged the growth of Saddam Husseins arsenal. The Western arming of Iraq took place in the context of the Iran-Iraq War, prior to September 2002, the CIA was the George W. Bush administrations main provider of intelligence on Iraq. The agency was out to disprove linkage between Iraq and terrorism the Pentagon adviser told me, the U. N. had prohibited Iraq from developing or possessing such weapons after the Gulf War and required Iraq to permit inspections confirming compliance. This was confirmed by The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, during 2002, Bush repeatedly warned of military action against Iraq unless inspections were allowed to progress unfettered. In accordance with U. N. Security Council Resolution 1441, Iraq agreed to new inspections under United Nations Monitoring, as part of its weapons inspection obligations, Iraq was required to supply a full declaration of its current weapons capabilities and manufacturing
Iraq War
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Clockwise from top: U.S. troops at Uday Hussein and Qusay Hussein's hideout; insurgents in northern Iraq; an Iraqi insurgent firing a
MANPADS; the toppling of the
Saddam Hussein statue in
Firdos Square.
Iraq War
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A UN weapons inspector examines an Iraqi factory in 2002.
Iraq War
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President George Bush, surrounded by leaders of the House and Senate, announces the
Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq, 2 October 2002.
Iraq War
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Excerpt from Donald Rumsfeld memo dated 27 November 2001
26.
Redacted (film)
–
Redacted is a 2007 American war film written and directed by Brian De Palma. It is a dramatization, loosely based on the 2006 Mahmudiyah killings in Mahmoudiyah, Iraq. This film, which is a companion to a film by De Palma. Redacted premiered at the 2007 Venice Film Festival, where it earned a Silver Lion best director award and it was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival, the New York Film Festival and the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema. The film opened in Spain, and in fifteen theaters in limited release in the United States on November 16,2007, the film received mixed reactions from critics and a poor financial response in its limited U. S. release. Meanwhile, a French documentary crew is shooting a documentary called Barrage while they are embedded with Salazars platoon, the French documentary crew films the soldiers performing their routine duties as they man a random checkpoint as part of their deployment in Iraq, to help curtail insurgent logistics. Using mirrors and bomb-sniffing dogs, the soldiers spend their days searching cars at the checkpoint, a pregnant woman who was a passenger in the car, is shot and is rushed to the hospital by her husband, and later dies. Back at Camp Carolina, Salazar, camcorder in hand, asks Flake how he felt about killing a pregnant woman, and he replies that he felt nothing, and that it was like gutting catfish. Sergeant Jim Vazquez defuses the situation before it out of hand, stating that, under the rules of engagement. While on a patrol, one of the more experienced soldiers, Master Sergeant Sweet, is killed after stepping on an IED. Flake and his friend SPC B. B. Rush are enraged by Sweets death, during a poker game, Flake and Rush announce their plan to go to the house of an Iraqi family with the goal of raping a 15-year-old girl who is one of the family members. McCoy tries to stop the pair, but he is ordered out of the house at gunpoint, Flake and Rush rape the girl as Salazar films the events using a hidden helmet-mounted video-camera. Afterwards, the girl and her family are killed and the girl is burned. McCoy tries to tell Blix about the rape, when Rush confronts the two, Rush grabs McCoy, putting him in a choke-hold at knife-point, demanding he not to report the rape. Afterwards, McCoy is deeply disturbed by the rape and murders and his father, citing the Abu Ghraib incident, urges him not to report the incident, fearing the publicity generated by it would diminish the reputation of the U. S. in the eyes of the world. Regardless, McCoy ignores his fathers objections and reports the rape, going to the Criminal Investigation Division to make them aware of the crimes, Salazar too is disturbed by the scenes he recorded, and he meets with an army psychologist to discuss his deteriorating mental state. While busy making a video for his mother during a foot patrol, Rush notices Salazar missing and his camera, which was left behind during the kidnapping. Later, Salazar is beheaded alive by the insurgents and a video of his murder uploaded onto the internet, before beheading him, the insurgents claim that his beheading was retribution for Farahs rape
Redacted (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
27.
Ang Lee
–
Ang Lee OBS is a Taiwanese-born film director, screenwriter and producer. Lees earlier films, such as The Wedding Banquet, Pushing Hands, Lee also deals with repressed, hidden emotions in many of his films, including Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, The Ice Storm, Hulk, and Brokeback Mountain. Lees work is known for its charge, which critics believe is responsible for his success in offsetting cultural barriers. Ang Lee was born in a Waishengren family, in a Military dependents village of the Republic of China Armed Forces located at Chaochou, Pingtung, both of Lees parents moved from Mainland China to Taiwan following the Chinese civil war in 1949. He grew up in a household that put emphasis on education. Lee studied in the Provincial Tainan First Senior High School where his father was the principal and he was expected to pass the annual Joint College/University Entrance Examination, the only route to a university education in Taiwan. But after failing the exam twice, to the disappointment of his father, he entered a college, the National Arts School. His father had wanted him to become a professor, but he had interested in drama. This early frustration set his career on the path of performance art, seeing Ingmar Bergmans film The Virgin Spring was a formative experience for him. Originally, Lee was interested in acting, but his challenges with speaking English made it difficult, at UIUC, Lee met his future wife Jane Lin, also a Taiwanese student, who pursued her Ph. D. degree. Thereupon, he enrolled at the Tisch School of the Arts of New York University and he was a classmate of Spike Lee and worked on the crew of his thesis film, Joes Bed-Stuy Barbershop, We Cut Heads. During graduate school, Lee finished a 16mm short film, Shades of the Lake and his own thesis work, a 43-minute drama, Fine Line, won NYUs Wasserman Award for Outstanding Direction and was later selected for the Public Broadcasting Service. Lees NYU thesis drew attention from the William Morris Agency, the famous talent, at first, though, WMA found Lee few opportunities, and Lee remained unemployed for six years. During this time, he was a full-time house-husband, while his wife Jane Lin and this arrangement put enormous pressure on the couple, but with Lins support and understanding, Lee did not abandon his career in film but continued to generate new ideas from movies and performances. He also wrote several screenplays during this time, in 1990, Lee submitted two screenplays, Pushing Hands and The Wedding Banquet, to a competition sponsored by Taiwans Government Information Office, and they came in first and second, respectively. The winning screenplays brought Lee to the attention of Li-Kong Hsu, Hsu, a first-time producer, invited Lee to direct Pushing Hands, a full-length feature that debuted in 1991. The Father Knows Best trilogy Pushing Hands was a success in Taiwan both among critics and at the box office and it received eight nominations in the Golden Horse Film Festival, Taiwans premier film festival. In all, this film collected eleven Taiwanese and international awards and these first two movies were based on stories of Chinese Americans, and both were filmed in the US
Ang Lee
–
Lee at the
2009 Venice International Film Festival
28.
Alan Ball (screenwriter)
–
Alan Erwin Ball is an American writer, director, and producer for television, film, and theatre. Ball was born in Marietta, Georgia, to Frank and Mary Ball, an aircraft inspector and his older sister, Mary Ann, was killed in a car accident when Ball was 13, he was in the passenger seat at the time. He attended high school in Marietta, and went on to attend the University of Georgia and Florida State University, after college, he began work as a playwright at the General Nonsense Theater Company in Sarasota, Florida. Ball broke into television as a writer and story editor on the situation comedies Grace Under Fire, Ball has written two films, American Beauty and Towelhead, the latter of which he also produced and directed. He is also the creator, writer and executive producer of the HBO drama series Six Feet Under and he was showrunner for True Blood for its first five seasons. In 2010 Ball began work on an adaptation of the crime noir novel The Mystic Arts of Erasing All Signs of Death by Charlie Huston. In December 2010, after months of pre-production, HBO cancelled production on All Signs of Death. He is also one of the producers of the Cinemax series Banshee. In January 2015, it was announced that Balls period musical drama Virtuoso had had a pilot ordered by HBO, the pilot will be executively produced by Elton John. Confirmed actors to be starring in the show include Peter Macdissi, Iva Babic, Francois Civil, Lindsay Farris, Nico Mirallegro, Ball has discussed his Buddhist faith in numerous interviews, noting how it has influenced his film making. In an interview with Amazon. com, Ball commented on the scene in American Beauty with the plastic bag, stating. And I didnt have a camera, like Ricky does. Theres a Buddhist notion of the miraculous within the mundane, and I think we live in a culture that encourages us not to look for that. Ball has also discussed how his Buddhism has shaped themes in Six Feet Under, Ball is gay and has been called a strong voice for LGBT community. In 2008 he made Out magazines annual list of the 100 most impressive gay men and women and he lives in Los Angeles with his partner, Peter Macdissi, who has starred in several of Balls works. Alan Ball at TV. com Alan Ball at the Internet Movie Database Alan Ball at the Internet Off-Broadway Database Alan Ball interview video at the Archive of American Television
Alan Ball (screenwriter)
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Alan Ball in 2008
Alan Ball (screenwriter)
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Ball with True Blood star
Anna Paquin in July 2012
29.
Nothing Is Private
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Towelhead is a 2007 comedy-drama film written and directed by Alan Ball and based on Alicia Erians novel of the same name. The film made its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8,2007 under the name Nothing is Private. The film, like the book, touches on issues of sexual awakening, privacy, set in 1990 amid the Kuwait War of 1990-91, Towelhead tells the coming-of-age story of a 13-year-old Lebanese American girl named Jasira. Jasira is treated as a second class citizen by her overprotective father and he is strict, does not allow her to use tampons, and prefers spending time with his new girlfriend, Thena. Even her mother refuses to support her when she calls and begs for help and her father acts very disrespectful towards her and berates her for the slightest thing. As a Lebanese American citizen he engages in stereotypical patriarchal, sexist and racist behavior, Jasira experiences a sexual awakening at her neighbors home, which is sparked in part by adult magazines she finds when baby-sitting the next-door neighbor boy Zack Vuoso, son of Travis Vuoso. While Jasira is home one night, Mr. Vuoso comes over to retrieve one of his magazines. Jasira befriends a classmate, Thomas Bradley, eventually becoming active with him. When Rifat finds out about her relationship with Thomas, he forbids her from seeing him. Mr. Vuoso becomes jealous of Jasiras relationship with Thomas, and, pretending he has to go to Iraq the next morning, while staying at their house, Gil notices bruises on Jasiras legs and Rifat angrily knocks on the door wants to retrieve his daughter. She goes to school the day and Melina picks her up. When they make it home, they decide to have sex. Later, Rifat visits the couple along with Thena and he notices Thomas is in the house and angrily confronts him. He also reveals why he despises him and he then decides to check the house and discovers a condom in the trash. He assumes Thomas is responsible for taking his daughters virginity and attempts to assault him and this forces Jasira to confess that she had sex with Mr. Vuoso, who is then arrested and bailed out the next day. Thomas talks with Jasira about her abuse from Mr. Vuoso and she says she does not want to stop. One day after school, Jasira retrieves the corpse of Travis cat, when Melina sees Jasira talking to Mr. Vuoso, she runs outside to stop the conversation, but trips and falls down on the floor, which causes her to bleed and go into labor. While at the hospital, Rifat is asked by Jasira to accompany Melina in the delivery room, when Rifat refuses to stay, he finally decides to trust Jasira and let her stay and live with Melina, which makes her very happy
Nothing Is Private
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Theatrical release poster
30.
Young People Fucking
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Young People Fucking, also called Y. P. F. is a 2007 Canadian comedy directed, written, and produced by Martin Gero and Aaron Abrams. It debuted at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival, each couple represents a specific archetype. The first out of five is called The Best Friends because the characters, Matt and Kristen and they discover romantic feelings for each other. The second stereotype being The Couple, andrew and Abby, a long-time couple, are having trouble trying to put spice back into their lovelife and try something new. The third stereotype is labeled The Exes, in it, Mia and Eric meet up for a one-off sexual encounter after having broken up some time back. In the fourth stereotype, The First Date, Jamie brings her womanizing date Ken back to her apartment, and in the final fifth stereotype, The Roommates, two friends are roommates and one friend tells the other to have sex with his girlfriend. 2/10. Metacritic rated it 39/100 based on five reviews, liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail rated it 2. 5/4 stars and said that the film is not as outrageous as its title. Lacey called it appropriate for an American cable TV series, peter Howell of The Toronto Star rated it 3/4 stars and called it very funny and insightful. Leonard Klady of Screen Daily wrote, Neither documentary nor hardcore, its an ingeniously constructed pastiche of sexual encounters presented affectionately, writer-director Gero stated, I think were an easy target – weve got a swear in the title. And also no ones seen it, so its easy for the pro-C-10 people, whoever they are, Ive only met one, to say. this is obviously pornography, we want to shut it down. Our generation makes an effort to separate love and sex, says Gero, theyre all trying to do this thing, and theyre all failing miserably. were saying, Listen, people our age. This is really hard to do without being emotionally involved. ca
Young People Fucking
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Theatrical release poster
Young People Fucking
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Members of the cast of Young People Fucking at a 2007 eTalk Schmooze event, during the
Toronto International Film Festival.
31.
Across the Universe (film)
–
Across the Universe is a 2007 British-American jukebox musical romantic drama film directed by Julie Taymor, produced by Revolution Studios, and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The films plot is centered on songs by the Beatles, the script is based on an original story credited to Taymor, Dick Clement, and Ian La Frenais. It incorporates 34 compositions originally written by members of the Beatles, the film stars Jim Sturgess, Evan Rachel Wood, Joe Anderson and T. V. Carpio, and introduces Dana Fuchs and Martin Luther McCoy as actors. Cameo appearances are made by Bono, Eddie Izzard, Joe Cocker, opening to mixed reviews, Across the Universe was nominated for both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award. Two members of the supporting cast, Carol Woods and Timothy T. Mitchum, the film begins in an unspecified year of the 1960s with Jude, a young shipyard worker from Liverpool, reminiscing about a girl he once knew and loved on the Liverpudlian beach. A few months prior, Jude enlists in the Merchant Navy and jumps ship in New Jersey, hoping to find his American G. I. father, whom he has never met. Jude meets his father, who is a janitor at Princeton University, and befriends Lucys brother, Lucy receives a letter from Daniel, but when Max brings Jude home with him for Thanksgiving, Jude becomes attracted to Lucy. Max drops out of school and he and Jude move into an enclave in Greenwich Village. Meanwhile, after his brother is killed in the 1967 Detroit riot. While Jojo auditions for Sadies band, Max becomes a taxi driver and they are soon joined by Prudence, who has hitchhiked to New York and left an abusive boyfriend. When Daniel is killed in Vietnam, Lucy decides to visit Max in New York before starting college and she and Jude fall in love, while Max is drafted into the army. Prudence is attracted to Sadie, and becomes depressed when Sadie, at a book function for existential drug guru Doctor Robert, Jude, Lucy, Jojo, Sadie and Max drink punch laced with LSD. Max is deployed to Vietnam, leading Lucy to become involved in the anti-war movement, especially with the SDR. Jude remains comparatively apolitical. Jude dislikes the increasing amount of time that Lucy spends with the SDR and suspects that Paco is attempting to seduce Lucy, and this puts a strain on their relationship and affects Judes art. Finally, Jude storms into the SDR office and points out the hypocrisy of the groups actions, Jude follows Lucy to an anti-war demonstration at Columbia University but when the police start arresting the protesters, Jude tries to help Lucy but is beaten by police and arrested. This is also revealed to be the frame of the opening scene. Jojo continues his music, playing guitar in bars, while on tour Sadie drowns her sorrow. Max is wounded in Vietnam and sent home, psychologically scarred, Lucy continues her activities with the SDR, but finds herself caught up as Paco leads the movement deeper and deeper into violence
Across the Universe (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
32.
Continental, a Film Without Guns
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Continental, a Film Without Guns is a 2007 Canadian comedy-drama film directed and written by Stéphane Lafleur. The lives of four people intertwine after the disappearance of a man who wanders into the forest and he gets off the bus and finds himself at the edge of a forest. Sounds are coming from deep within the woods, the Man enters the forest and disappears into the night
Continental, a Film Without Guns
–
Continental, un film sans fusil
33.
Citytv
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City is a Canadian television network owned by the Rogers Media subsidiary of Rogers Communications. CHUM Limited was acquired by CTVglobemedia in 2007, to comply with Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ownership limits, the network grew through further affiliations with three Jim Pattison Group-owned stations, along with Rogers acquisition of SCN and Montreals CJNT-DT. With its studios located at 99 Queen Street East near Church Street, the station was in debt by 1975. Multiple Access Ltd. purchased a 45% interest in the station, CHUM Limited acquired the station outright in 1981. Broadcasting on UHF channel 79 during its first decade, the moved to channel 57 in 1983. In 1987, the station moved its headquarters to 299 Queen Street West, formerly known as the Ryerson Press Building, on September 8,2009, CITY moved to its current location at Yonge-Dundas Square at 33 Dundas Street East. Citytv gained a second station in Vancouver when CHUM bought CKVU from Canwest Global Communications in 2001, the station became known as Citytv Vancouver on July 22,2002. Prior to CHUMs acquisition of CKVU, some Citytv programming was syndicated to KVOS in nearby Bellingham, in 2004, CHUM bought Craig Media, parent of the A-Channel system in Manitoba and Alberta. The Craig-owned A-Channel stations were relaunched as Citytv on August 2,2005, CHUM Limited announced plans to sell its broadcasting assets to CTV parent CTVglobemedia on July 12,2006. CTVgm intended to retain CHUMs Citytv system while divesting CHUMs A-Channel stations, the Edmonton and Calgary stations also began broadcasting a daily 30-minute magazine show, Your City, instead of a full-fledged newscast. The Vancouver news operation, which had operated for 30 years under various owners, in the same month, Citytv Toronto became the first television station in Canada to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition. The following year on June 8, the CRTC approved the CTV takeover of CHUM, however, the CRTC made the deal conditional on CTV divesting itself of Citytv, because there were already CTV owned-and-operated stations serving the same cities. Without the divestment, CTV would have exceeded the CRTCs concentration of ownership limits. CTV announced on June 11,2007, that it would retain the A-Channel stations, the transaction was approved by the CRTC on September 28 and was completed on October 31,2007. On December 6,2010, CityNews Tonight Toronto anchor and continuity announcer Mark Dailey died after a battle with cancer. The change marked the first major alteration to the Citytv brand since its introduction in 1972, the new City branding was launched on December 31,2012 during its New Years Eve special. The Jim Pattison Group announced in July 2009 that its three stations in western Canada, formerly affiliated with E. would join Citytv starting on September 1,2009. These stations do not carry the City branding, instead, the continue to use the same branding
Citytv
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Citytv Building at
The Forks, in
Winnipeg,
Manitoba.
Citytv
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City
Citytv
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Citytv news vehicle in Edmonton
Citytv
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Jill Belland covering the 2007
Calgary International Film Festival for Citytv.
34.
Guy Maddin
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Guy Maddin, CM OM is a Canadian screenwriter, director, author, cinematographer and film editor of both features and short films, as well as an installation artist, from Winnipeg, Manitoba. His most distinctive quality is his penchant for recreating the look, since completing his first film in 1985, Maddin has become one of Canadas most well-known and celebrated film-makers. Maddin has directed feature films and numerous short films, in addition to publishing three books and creating a host of installation art projects. A number of Maddins recent films began as or developed from installation art projects, Maddin has been the subject of much critical praise and academic attention, including two books of interviews with Maddin and two book-length academic studies of his work. Maddin was appointed to the Order of Canada, the countrys highest civilian honour, Maddin is Visiting Lecturer on Visual and Environmental Studies, 2015–16, at Harvard University. Guy Maddin was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, on February 28,1956, to Herdis Maddin, Maddin has three older siblings, Ross, Cameron, and Janet. Maddin attended Greenway Elementary until the grade, then General Wolfe school grades seven through nine. Maddins early life was marked by tragedy, with the death of his brother Cameron in 1963, Maddin studied economics at the University of Winnipeg, graduating in 1977 without a plan to become a film-maker. That same year, Maddin married Martha Jane Waugh, Maddins daughter Jilian was born in 1978, after graduating, Maddin held a variety of odd jobs, including bank manager, house painter, and photo archivist. Maddin began to take classes at the University of Manitoba. Maddin met the film professor Stephen Snyder in this manner, Maddin appeared as an actor in two of Paizs short films, as a student in Oak, Ivy, and Other Dead Elms and as a transvestite, homicidal nurse in The International Style. Maddin drew early inspiration from the films of John Paizs, as well as experimental shorts by Stephen Snyder and they were low budget, they used nonactors or nonstars, they used atmospheres and ideas, and were unbelievably honest, frank, and, therefore, exciting to me. They made moviemaking seem possible to me, Maddin also met the film professor George Toles, who became Maddins frequent cowriter on many of his future films. Maddin joined the Winnipeg Film Group around this time, and also friends with producer Greg Klymkiw. Survival was a talk show centred around, as its opening credits noted. The show became a hit in Winnipeg and excerpts were re-released on the compilation DVD Winnipeg Babysitter. Maddin plays a character on the show named Concerned Citizen Stan. Maddins first short film was The Dead Father, a forty-minute black-and-white film about a man whose father dies but continues to visit his family
Guy Maddin
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Guy Maddin at the sixty-first Berlin International Film Festival (2011)
Guy Maddin
–
Guy Maddin in 2013
Guy Maddin
–
Maddin in 2008
35.
My Winnipeg
–
My Winnipeg is a 2007 film directed and written by Guy Maddin with dialogue by George Toles. Described by Maddin as a docu-fantasia, that personal history, civic tragedy, and mystical hypothesizing. My Winnipeg began when Maddin was commissioned by the Documentary Channel, Guy Maddin is played by Darcy Fehr but voiced by Maddin himself, Fehr appears groggily trying to rouse himself from sleep aboard a jostling train as Maddin wonders aloud What if. What if he were able to rouse from the sleepy life he lives in Winnipeg. Maddin decides that the possible escape would be to film my way out. Maddin then describes Winnipeg in general terms, introducing it to the viewer, noting primarily its location at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, Maddin equates this Y-like junction to a womans groin and associates it with his mother. Maddin also notes that Winnipeg is the centre of North America. First prize was a ticket on the next train out of town. No winners in a hundred years could bring themselves to leave the city after coming to know the city so closely over the course of the treasure hunt, Maddin then posits an alternative explanation for Winnipeggers never leaving Winnipeg, sleepiness. Winnipeg by-laws require that sleepwalkers be allowed to sleep in their old homes by the new tenants. Maddin rents his own home at 800 Ellice Avenue for a month, hiring actors to play his family in order to recreate scenes from his childhood memories, excluding his father. His mother, in the window, convinces him to live. Maddins mother is noted as the star of the show, Maddin announces that this, like everything that happens in is a euphemism. The film then recounts the history of Spiritualism, including a visit by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1923. The film next examines Winnipeg architectural landmarks, including the Eatons building and the Winnipeg Arena, both of which are demolished. Maddin imagines the arenas salvation by the Black Tuesdays, a team of hockey heroes in their 70s, 80s, 90s and beyond. The film recounts a racetrack fire that drove horses to perish in the Red River—the horse heads reappear, ghostly, each winter, the film then recalls If Day, and a buffalo stampede set off by the mating of two gay bison. Time is now running out for Guy Maddin, who fears he never leave Winnipeg
My Winnipeg
–
My Winnipeg
36.
La Zona (film)
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La Zona is a 2007 Mexican-Spanish-Argentine co-production film by director Rodrigo Plá. The film describes a failed attempt in a gated community and the consequences for the thieves. La Zona was given the Venice Film Festival’s award for best debut feature in 2007, a group of disadvantaged teenagers break into a gated community that is heavily under surveillance. The film raises questions about social and political aspects in Mexico
La Zona (film)
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La Zona
37.
Cadillac
–
Cadillac /ˈkædᵻlæk/, formally the Cadillac Motor Car Division, is a division of the U. S. -based General Motors that markets luxury vehicles worldwide. Its primary markets are the United States, Canada, and China, historically, Cadillac automobiles have always held a place at the top of the luxury field within the United States. In 2016, Cadillacs U. S. sales were 170,006 vehicles, Cadillac is among the oldest automobile brands in the world, second in America only to fellow GM marque Buick. The firm was founded from the remnants of the Henry Ford Company in 1902 and it was named after Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded Detroit, Michigan. The Cadillac crest is based on his coat of arms, by the time General Motors purchased the company in 1909, Cadillac had already established itself as one of Americas premier luxury carmakers. The complete interchangeability of its parts had allowed it to lay the foundation for the modern mass production of automobiles. It was at the forefront of advances, introducing full electrical systems, the clashless manual transmission. The brand developed three engines, with its V8 setting the standard for the American automotive industry and it won the trophy again in 1912 for incorporating electric starting and lighting in a production automobile. Cadillac was formed from the remnants of the Henry Ford Company, after a dispute between Henry Ford and his investors, Ford left the company along with several of his key partners in March 1902. Instead, Leland persuaded the pair to continue manufacturing automobiles using Lelands proven single-cylinder engine, a new company called the Cadillac Automobile Company was established on 22 August 1902, re-purposing the Henry Ford Company factory at Cass Street and Amsterdam Avenue. It was named after French explorer Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, Cadillacs first automobiles, the Runabout and Tonneau, were completed in October 1902. They were two-seat horseless carriages powered by a 10 hp single-cylinder engine and they were practically identical to the 1903 Ford Model A. Cadillac displayed the new vehicles at the New York Auto Show in January 1903, Cadillacs biggest selling point was precision manufacturing, and therefore, reliability, a Cadillac was simply a better-made vehicle than its competitors. Runabout Rear-entrance tonneau Special bodies The Cadillac Automobile Company merged with Leland & Faulconer Manufacturing, forming The Cadillac Motor Company in 1905. From its earliest years, Cadillac aimed for precision engineering and stylish luxury finishes, Cadillac was the first volume manufacturer of a fully enclosed car in 1906. Cadillac participated in the 1908 interchangeability test in the United Kingdom, in 1912, Cadillac was the first automobile manufacturer to incorporate an electrical system enabling starting, ignition, and lighting. Cadillac was purchased by the General Motors conglomerate in 1909, Cadillac became General Motors prestige division, devoted to the production of large luxury vehicles. It was positioned at the top of GMs vehicle hierarchy, above Buick, Oldsmobile, Oakland, in 1915, Cadillac introduced a 90-degree flathead V8 engine with 70 horsepower at 2400 rpm and 180 pound force-feet of torque, allowing its cars to attain 65 miles per hour
Cadillac
Cadillac
Cadillac
–
6½ HP 1904
Cadillac
38.
Jason Reitman
–
Jason Reitman is a Canadian-American film director, screenwriter, and producer, best known for directing the films Thank You for Smoking, Juno, Up in the Air, and Young Adult. As of February 2,2010, he has received one Grammy Award and four Academy Award nominations, Reitman is a dual citizen of Canada and the United States. He is the son of director Ivan Reitman, Reitman was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the son of Geneviève Robert, an actress sometimes billed as Geneviève Deloir, and comedy director Ivan Reitman. Reitman has two sisters, Catherine, an actress, who is three years younger than him, and Caroline, a nurse, who is 12 years younger. Reitmans father was born in Czechoslovakia, to Jewish parents who were Holocaust survivors, Reitmans paternal grandfather ran a dry cleaner and then a car wash. His mother is from a Christian background, and of French-Canadian descent, when he was still a child, his family moved to Los Angeles. His father, Ivan, directed the films Ghostbusters, Stripes, and Kindergarten Cop. Reitman grew up on set and this showed him that making movies is a job that people do, that its not just this piece of magic that happens. Jason described his childhood self as a loser, in the late 1980s, Reitman began appearing in small acting parts and serving as a production assistant on his fathers films. He spent time in the rooms of his fathers movies. Reitman graduated from Harvard-Westlake School in 1995, Reitman was a jumper in high school. Reitman attended Skidmore College and was going to major in pre-med studies before transferring to the University of Southern California to major in English/Creative Writing, at USC he performed with improv group Commedus Interruptus. Reitman started out making short films during his time at USC, throughout his 20s, instead of accepting offers to make commercial feature films, Reitman began making his own short films and directing commercials. Although he was offered the opportunity to direct Dude, Wheres My Car. on two occasions, he declined. Reitmans first feature film, Thank You for Smoking, opened in 2006, Reitman developed the Christopher Buckley novel into a screenplay and, eventually, a film. The film was a commercial and critical success and it grossed over $39 million worldwide by the end of its run, and was nominated for two Golden Globes. After the success of Thank You for Smoking, Reitman mentioned in an interview that his film would be adapting another book into a film. He also mentioned that he had plans to work with Buckley again on an original project, although the first of these projects would eventually become Up in the Air, this second project has not come to fruition. His second film, Juno, generated great buzz after it premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in December 2007
Jason Reitman
–
Reitman at the
2013 Toronto International Film Festival
39.
Ellen Spiro
–
Ellen Spiro is an American documentary filmmaker. She is a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fulbright Fellow, a two-time Rockefeller Fellow, and she won the National Board of Reviews Best Documentary award. She was short-listed for an Academy Award in the category of Best Long Form Documentary, Spiro is known for making humorous social issue films for national and international television broadcasts and theatrical release. Spiro directed a series of animated films on How the New Economy Works. In 2014 Spiro co-directed a feature adaptation of Fixing the Future which was released in over 50 cities. In 2007 she released Body of War, which was short-listed for an Academy Award for Best Documentary, Spiro directed a music video, No More, an original song by Eddie Vedder that he wrote for Body of War. No More was released by Warner Brothers Music, broadcast on MTV and VH1, the album artwork was created by Shepard Fairy and profits from the album were donated to the Iraq Veterans Against the War. Body of War premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival where it won an audience award, Eddie Vedder joined Ellen Spiro, Phil Donahue, Tomas Young and Cathy Smith onstage and performed a set of acoustic solo songs to a wildly cheering audience. Spiro and Donahue were featured on a one-hour Bill Moyers Journal special discussing the film, additionally, Ellen Spiro and Phil Donahue received a 2007 nomination for Best Documentary from the Producers Guild of America. Spiro is currently a tenured full Professor at the University of Texas at Austin Department of Radio-Television-Film where she teaches courses in documentary, experimental, in 1988 Spiro was awarded a post-graduate fellowship in Manhattan to study art and critical theory in the Whitney Museum Independent Study Program. While in Manhattan, Spiro studied with Hal Foster and Douglas Crimp and was a cinematographer for experimental filmmaker Yvonne Rainer’s award winning film, while in New York, Spiro became active in the AIDS activist organization ACT-UP and co-founded DIVA TV. While working with ACT-UP Spiro made her first documentary, Diana’s Hair Ego, in 1993 Spiro was awarded funding from ITVS, the Independent Television Service, for her film Greetings From Out Here. Filming as a crew, she lived in a van for a year while traveling across the Deep South to shoot stories of gay. Using small Hi-8 video equipment and an old van as a mobile living. Greetings From Out Here was the first ITVS program to be broadcast nationally and it was acquired for international broadcasts by BBC, Channel Four, Canadian Broadcasting Company and others. In 1994, Spiro took her first full-time teaching position at Hampshire College where she taught video production, after teaching for a year she embarked on her second year-long solo road trip, to make Roam Sweet Home, funded by Channel Four in the UK and ITVS. After the national broadcast of Roam Sweet Home on PBS, Spiro moved to Austin, Texas, in 2001, Spiro released her first documentary for HBO, Atomic Ed and the Black Hole. Spiro also created the 10 Under 10 Film Festival in Austin, the festival is a celebration of raw creativity, real reality – as opposed to the scripted television kind – and founded on the notion that great ideas can happen on no budget and in little time
Ellen Spiro
–
Documentary Filmmaker
40.
Phil Donahue
–
Phillip John Phil Donahue is an American media personality, writer, and film producer best known as the creator and host of The Phil Donahue Show. The television program, also known as Donahue, was the first talk format that included audience participation. The show had a 29-year run on television in America that began in Dayton, Ohio. His shows have focused on issues that divide liberals and conservatives in the United States, such as abortion, consumer protection, civil rights. His most frequent guest was Ralph Nader, for whom Donahue campaigned in 2000, Donahue also briefly hosted a talk show on MSNBC from July 2002 to March 2003. In 1996, Donahue was ranked #42 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time, in 1949, he graduated from Our Lady of Angels elementary school in the West Park neighborhood of Cleveland. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame, which is run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. Donahue began his career in 1957 as an assistant at KYW radio. He got a chance to become a one day when the regular announcer failed to show up. After a brief stint as a bank check sorter in Albuquerque, New Mexico, he became director for WABJ radio in Adrian, Michigan. While in Dayton, Donahue also hosted Conversation Piece, an afternoon talk show from 1963 to 1967 on WHIO radio. In Dayton, Donahue interviewed presidential candidate John F. Kennedy, late night show host Johnny Carson, human rights activist Malcolm X. In Chicago and New York City, Donahue interviewed Elton John, heavyweight boxing champions Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier, on November 6,1967, Donahue left WHIO, moving his talk program to television with The Phil Donahue Show on WLW-D, also in Dayton. Initially, the program was only on other stations owned by the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation. But, in January 1970, The Phil Donahue Show entered nationwide syndication, in 1988, from the Rainbow Room, he presented a special honoring Mary Martin, with Steve Leeds and the Rainbow Room Orchestra, with guest vocalists Michael Feinstein, and Nancy Wilson. Bandleader Leeds sang the final number Isnt it Romantic. S, while hosting his own program, Donahue also appeared on NBCs The Today Show as a contributor, from 1979 until 1988. From 1991 to 1994 he also co-hosted Pozner/Donahue, a weekly, issues-oriented roundtable program with Soviet journalist Vladimir Pozner, which aired both on CNBC and in syndication. It was the first event of its kind in broadcasting history, Donahue hosted an audience in an American city while Pozner hosted an audience in a Soviet city, members of both audiences asked each other questions about both nations
Phil Donahue
–
Phil Donahue at the
Toronto International Film Festival premier of
Body of War in 2007
Phil Donahue
–
Donahue with guest
Johnny Carson in August 1970
41.
Peter Bogdanovich
–
Peter Bogdanovich is an American director, writer, actor, producer, critic and film historian. He is part of the wave of New Hollywood directors, which included William Friedkin, Brian De Palma, George Lucas, Martin Scorsese, Michael Cimino and his most critically acclaimed and well-known film is the drama The Last Picture Show. Bogdanovich also directed the thriller Targets, the screwball comedy Whats Up, the comedy-drama Paper Moon and the drama Mask. His most recent film, Shes Funny That Way, was released in 2014, Bogdanovich was born in Kingston, New York, the son of Herma and Borislav Bogdanovich, a painter and pianist. His Austrian-born mother was Jewish whose family moved from Vienna to Zagreb, Croatia in 1932, while his father was a Serbian Orthodox Christian, in the early 1960s, Bogdanovich was known as a film programmer at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Bogdanovich also brought attention to such forgotten pioneers of American cinema as Allan Dwan, Bogdanovich kept a card file of every film he saw between 1952 and 1970, with complete reviews of every film. Bogdanovich was influenced by the French critics of the 1950s who wrote for Cahiers du Cinéma, before becoming a director himself, he built his reputation as a film writer with articles in Esquire. These articles were collected in Pieces of Time, with his wife Polly Platt, he headed for Los Angeles, skipping out on the rent in the process. Intent on breaking into the industry, Bogdanovich would ask publicists for movie premiere, at one screening, Bogdanovich was viewing a film and director Roger Corman was sitting behind him. The two struck up a conversation when Corman mentioned he liked a cinema piece Bogdanovich wrote for Esquire, Corman offered him a directing job which Bogdanovich accepted immediately. He worked with Corman on Targets, which starred Boris Karloff, Bogdanovich later said of the Corman school of filmmaking, I went from getting the laundry to directing the picture in three weeks. Altogether, I worked 22 weeks – preproduction, shooting, second unit, returning to journalism, Bogdanovich struck up a lifelong friendship with Orson Welles while interviewing him on the set of Mike Nicholss Catch-22. Bogdanovich played a role in elucidating Welles and his career with his writings on the actor-director. In the early 1970s, when Welles was having financial problems, in 1970, Bogdanovich was commissioned by the American Film Institute to direct a documentary about John Ford for their tribute, Directed by John Ford. The resulting film included interviews with John Wayne, James Stewart and Henry Fonda. Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg and others, much of the inspiration which led Bogdanovich to his cinematic creations came from early viewings of the film Citizen Kane. In an interview with Robert K. Elder, author of The Film That Changed My Life, Bogdanovich explains his appreciation of Orson Welles work, It’s the first modern film, fragmented, not told straight ahead, jumping around. It anticipates everything that’s being done now, and which is thought to be so modern, It’s all become really decadent now, but it was certainly fresh then
Peter Bogdanovich
–
Peter Bogdanovich at the
Castro Theatre in
San Francisco in 2008
42.
Film preservation
–
In the widest sense, preservation nowadays assures that a movie will continue to exist in as close to its original form as possible. For many years the term preservation was synonymous with duplication of film, the goal of a preservationist was to create a durable copy without any significant loss of quality. In more modern terms, film preservation now includes the concepts of handling, duplication, storage, the archivist seeks to protect the film and share the content with the public. By the 1980s, it was becoming apparent that the collections of motion picture heritage were at risk of becoming lost, at that time, the best known solution was to duplicate the original film onto a more secure medium. 90 percent of all American silent films made before 1929 and 50 percent of American sound films made before 1950 are lost films, the great majority of films made in the silent era are now considered lost forever. Most films made on nitrate stock were not preserved, over the years, their negatives, many of them were recycled for their silver content, or destroyed in studio or vault fires. The largest cause, however, was intentional destruction, as film preservationist Robert A. Harris explains, Most of the early films did not survive because of wholesale junking by the studios. There was no thought of saving these films. They simply needed vault space and the materials were expensive to house, silent films had little or no commercial value after the advent of sound films in the 1930s, and as such, they were not kept. As a result, preserving the now rare silent films has been a priority amongst film historians. Because of the fragility of film stock, proper preservation of film usually involves storing the original negatives, the vast majority of films were not stored in this manner, which resulted in the widespread decay of film stocks. The problem of film decay is not limited to films made on cellulose nitrate, Film industry researchers and specialists have found that color films are also decaying at an increasingly rapid rate. A number of well-known films only exist as copies of original productions or exhibition elements because the originals have decomposed beyond use. Cellulose acetate film, which was the replacement for nitrate, has been found to suffer from vinegar syndrome. The film was paired together with a composed by Michael Gordon. The preservation of film usually refers to storage of the film in a climate-controlled vault. Film is best preserved by proper protection from external forces while in storage along with being under controlled temperatures, for most film materials, the Image Permanence Institute finds that storing film media in frozen temperatures, with RH between 30% and 50%, greatly extends its useful life. These measures inhibit deterioration better than any other methods and is a solution than replicating deteriorating films
Film preservation
–
Stacked film cans containing rolls of film.
Film preservation
–
Decayed nitrate film. EYE Film Institute Netherlands.
Film preservation
–
Packard Humanities Institute, Santa Clarita,
Nitrate film Film Vault
43.
Jean Renoir
–
Jean Renoir was a French film director, screenwriter, actor, producer and author. As a film director and actor, he more than forty films from the silent era to the end of the 1960s. His films La Grande Illusion and The Rules of the Game are often cited by critics as among the greatest films ever made and he was ranked by the BFIs Sight & Sound poll of critics in 2002 as the fourth greatest director of all time. Among numerous honors accrued during his lifetime, he received a Lifetime Achievement Academy Award in 1975 for his contribution to the picture industry. Renoir was the son of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Renoir was born in the Montmartre district of Paris, France. He was the son of Aline Renoir and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. His elder brother was Pierre Renoir, a French stage and film actor, Renoir was also the uncle of Claude Renoir, the son of Pierre, a cinematographer who worked with Jean Renoir on several of his films. Renoir was largely raised by Gabrielle Renard, his nanny and his mothers cousin, shortly before his birth, she had come to live with the Renoir family. She introduced the boy to the Guignol puppet shows in Montmartre. He wrote in his 1974 memoirs My Life and My Films, She taught me to see the face behind the mask and she taught me to detest the cliché. Gabrielle was also fascinated by the new invention, and when Renoir was only a few years old she took him to see his first film. As a child, Renoir moved to the south of France with his family and he and the rest of the Renoir family were the subjects of many of his fathers paintings. His fathers financial success ensured that the young Renoir was educated at boarding schools, from which, as he later wrote. At the outbreak of World War I, Renoir was serving in the French cavalry, later, after receiving a bullet in his leg, he served as a reconnaissance pilot. After the war, Renoir followed his fathers suggestion and tried his hand at making ceramics and he was particularly inspired by Erich von Stroheims work. In 1924, Renoir directed Une Vie Sans Joie or Catherine and she was also his fathers last model. At this stage, his films did not produce a return, Renoir gradually sold paintings inherited from his father to finance them. During the 1930s Renoir enjoyed great success as a filmmaker, in 1931 he directed his first sound films, On purge bébé and La Chienne
Jean Renoir
–
Jean Renoir
Jean Renoir
–
The young Renoir with
Gabrielle Renard in a painting by his father
Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
44.
Grand Illusion (film)
–
La Grande Illusion is a 1937 French war film directed by Jean Renoir, who co-wrote the screenplay with Charles Spaak. The story concerns class relationships among a group of French officers who are prisoners of war during World War I and are plotting an escape. The title of the film comes from the book The Great Illusion by British economist Norman Angell, the perspective of the film is generously humanistic to its characters of various nationalities. La Grande Illusion is regarded by critics and film historians as one of the masterpieces of French cinema, orson Welles named La Grande Illusion as one of the two movies he would take with him on the ark. Empire magazine ranked it #35 in The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema in 2010 and they are shot down by a German aviator and aristocrat, Rittmeister von Rauffenstein, and both are taken prisoner by German ground forces. Upon returning to base, Rauffenstein sends a subordinate to find out if the aviators are officers and, if so, during the meal, Rauffenstein and Boeldieu discover they have mutual acquaintances—a depiction of the familiarity, if not solidarity, within the upper classes that crosses national boundaries. During the performance, word arrives that the French have recaptured the fort, Maréchal interrupts the show, and the French prisoners spontaneously burst into La Marseillaise. Boeldieu and Maréchal also help their fellow prisoners to finish digging an escape tunnel, however, just before it is completed, everyone is transferred to other camps. Because of the barrier, Maréchal is unable to pass word of the tunnel to an incoming British prisoner. Rauffenstein tells them that Wintersborn is escape-proof, at Wintersborn, the pair are reunited with a fellow prisoner, Rosenthal, from the original camp. Rosenthal is a wealthy French Jew, a naturalized French citizen, the son of a Polish father and a Danish mother, Boeldieu comes up with an idea, after carefully observing how the German guards respond to an emergency. He volunteers to distract the guards for the few minutes needed for Maréchal and Rosenthal to escape, after a commotion staged by the prisoners, the guards are ordered to assemble them in the fortress courtyard. During the roll call, it is discovered that Boeldieu is missing and he makes his presence known high up in the fortress, drawing the German guards away in pursuit. Maréchal and Rosenthal take the opportunity to lower themselves from a window by a homemade rope, Rauffenstein stops the guards from firing at Boeldieu with their rifles and pleads with his fellow aristocrat to give himself up. Boeldieu refuses, and Rauffenstein reluctantly shoots at him with his pistol, aiming for his legs, nursed in his final moments by a grieving Rauffenstein, Boeldieu laments that their usefulness to society will end with this war. He also pities Rauffenstein, who will have to find a new purpose in the social order. Maréchal and Rosenthal journey across the German countryside, trying to get to nearby Switzerland, Rosenthal injures his foot, slowing Maréchal down. They quarrel and part, but then Maréchal returns to help his comrade and she generously takes them in, and doesnt betray them to a passing German army patrol
Grand Illusion (film)
–
French film poster
Grand Illusion (film)
–
Pierre Fresnay and
Erich von Stroheim in Grand Illusion
Grand Illusion (film)
–
Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg, which appeared in the film.
45.
French language
–
French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages, French has evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues doïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to Frances past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, a French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is a language in 29 countries, most of which are members of la francophonie. As of 2015, 40% of the population is in Europe, 35% in sub-Saharan Africa, 15% in North Africa and the Middle East, 8% in the Americas. French is the fourth-most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union, 1/5 of Europeans who do not have French as a mother tongue speak French as a second language. As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 17th and 18th century onward, French was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, most second-language speakers reside in Francophone Africa, in particular Gabon, Algeria, Mauritius, Senegal and Ivory Coast. In 2015, French was estimated to have 77 to 110 million native speakers, approximately 274 million people are able to speak the language. The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie estimates 700 million by 2050, in 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked French the third most useful language for business, after English and Standard Mandarin Chinese. Under the Constitution of France, French has been the language of the Republic since 1992. France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education except in specific cases, French is one of the four official languages of Switzerland and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland called Romandie, of which Geneva is the largest city. French is the language of about 23% of the Swiss population. French is also a language of Luxembourg, Monaco, and Aosta Valley, while French dialects remain spoken by minorities on the Channel Islands. A plurality of the worlds French-speaking population lives in Africa and this number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population worldwide is expected to reach 700 million people in 2050, French is the fastest growing language on the continent. French is mostly a language in Africa, but it has become a first language in some urban areas, such as the region of Abidjan, Ivory Coast and in Libreville. There is not a single African French, but multiple forms that diverged through contact with various indigenous African languages, sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the French language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population growth
French language
–
The
"arrêt" signs (French for "stop") are used in
Canada while the international stop, which is also a valid French word, is used in France as well as other French-speaking countries and regions.
French language
–
Regions where French is the main language
French language
–
Town sign in
Standard Arabic and French at the entrance of
Rechmaya in
Lebanon.
French language
–
An obsolete 100
Lebanese pound note with the French language inscriptions "Banque du Liban" and "Cent livres".
46.
Hindi language
–
Hindi, or Modern Standard Hindi is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Along with the English language, Hindi written in the Devanagari script, is the language of the Government of India. It is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India, Hindi is the lingua franca of the so-called Hindi belt of India. Outside India, it is a language which is known as Fiji Hindi in Fiji, and is a recognised regional language in Mauritius, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana. Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, apart from specialized vocabulary, Hindi is mutually intelligible with Standard Urdu, another recognized register of Hindustani. Part XVII of the Indian Constitution deals with Official Language, under Article 343, official language of the Union has been prescribed, which includes Hindi in Devanagari script and English. Gujarat High Court, in 2010, has observed that there was nothing on record to suggest that any provision has been made or order issued declaring Hindi as a language of India. Article 343 of the Indian constitution states The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script, the form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals. It was envisioned that Hindi would become the working language of the Union Government by 1965. Each may also designate a co-official language, in Uttar Pradesh, for instance, depending on the formation in power. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of language in the following Union Territories, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu. National-language status for Hindi is a long-debated theme, an Indian court clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such. Outside Asia, Hindi is a language in Fiji as per the 1997 Constitution of Fiji. It is spoken by 380,000 people in Fiji, Hindi is also spoken by a large population of Madheshis of Nepal. Hindi is quite easy to understand for some Pakistanis, who speak Urdu, apart from this, Hindi is spoken by the large Indian diaspora which hails from, or has its origin from the Hindi Belt of India. Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi is considered to be a descendant of an early form of Sanskrit, through Sauraseni Prakrit. It has been influenced by Dravidian languages, Turkic languages, Persian, Arabic, Portuguese, Hindi emerged as Apabhramsha, a degenerated form of Prakrit, in the 7th century A. D. By the 10th century A. D. it became stable, Braj Bhasha, Bhojpuri, Awadhi, Khari Boli etc. are the dialects of Hindi
Hindi language
–
The word "Hindi" in
Devanagari script
47.
Cinema of Canada
–
This article primarily discusses the English-language cinema in Canada. For information on French-language cinema in Canada, see also Cinema of Quebec, the cinema of Canada or Canadian cinema refers to the filmmaking industry in Canada. Canada is home to film studios centres, primarily located in its three largest metropolitan centres, Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Industries and communities tend to be regional and niche in nature, approximately 1,000 Anglophone-Canadian and 600 Francophone-Canadian feature-length films have been produced, or partially produced, by the Canadian film industry since 1911. Canadian directors who are best known for their American-produced films include Norman Jewison, Jason Reitman, Paul Haggis, Cameron, in particular, wrote and directed the highest and second-highest-grossing films ever, Avatar and Titanic, respectively. Canadian actors who achieved success in Hollywood films include Mary Pickford, Norma Shearer, Donald Sutherland, Jim Carrey, the first films that were shot in Canada were made at Niagara Falls, Lumière, Edison, and Biograph all shot there in 1897. James Freer is recognized as the first Canadian filmmaker, a farmer from Manitoba, his documentaries were shown as early as 1897 and were toured across England in an effort to promote immigration to Manitoba. The first fiction film, Hiawatha, the Messiah of the Ojibway, was made in 1903 by Joe Rosenthal, the first Canadian feature film, Evangeline, was produced by the Canadian Bioscope Company in 1913 and shot in Nova Scotia. In 1917, the province of Ontario established the Ontario Motion Picture Bureau, to carry out work for farmers, school children, factory workers. The Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau followed suit in 1918, in part, it was founded to create propaganda in support of the Second World War, and the National Film Act of 1950 gave it the mandate to interpret Canada to Canadians and to other nations. In the late 1950s, Québécois filmmakers at the NFB and the NFB Candid Eye series of films pioneered the documentary processes that became known as direct cinema or cinema vérité. As in all cinema, the line between broadcast and cinema continues to be blurred in Canada as the means of production and distribution converge, international co-productions are increasingly important for Canadian producers. Smaller films are funded by arts councils and film collectives. The National Film Board of Canada is internationally renowned for its animation, more recently it has been criticized for its increasingly commercial orientation, only one third of its budget is now spent on the production of new films. Much of Canadas film industry services American producers and films driven by American distribution, the major production centres are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Alliance Atlantis is the major Canadian distributor of American and international films, lions Gate Entertainment has also become a major distributor in recent years. Distribution continues to be a problem for Canadian filmmakers, though a network of film festivals also provide important marketing. Of all Canadian cultural industries, English-Canadian cinema has the hardest time escaping the shadow of its American counterpart, one This Hour Has 22 Minutes sketch parodied an Atom Egoyan-like director whose films had won numerous international awards, but had never actually been released or exhibited
Cinema of Canada
–
SilverCity Richmond Hill Cinemas
Cinema of Canada
–
Evangeline - first feature film in Canada; made by
Canadian Bioscope Company
48.
Film director
–
A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
Film director
–
American director
Steven Spielberg with Sri Lankan film maker
Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka
Film director
–
The film director gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, while filming a
costume drama on location in
London.
Film director
–
Director
Pedro Almodóvar and actress
Penélope Cruz
Film director
–
Fritz Lang directing a movie
49.
Canadian dollar
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The Canadian dollar is the currency of Canada. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or sometimes Can$ or C$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies and it is divided into 100 cents. Canadas dollar is the fifth most held reserve currency in the world, accounting for approximately 2% of all global reserves, behind only the U. S. dollar, the euro, the yen and the pound sterling. In 1841, the Province of Canada adopted a new system based on the Halifax rating, the new Canadian pound was equal to four US dollars, making one pound sterling equal to 1 pound,4 shillings, and 4 pence Canadian. Thus, the new Canadian pound was worth 16 shillings and 5.3 pence sterling, the 1850s was a decade of wrangling over whether to adopt a sterling monetary system or a decimal monetary system based on the US dollar. In 1851, the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly passed an act for the purposes of introducing a sterling unit in conjunction with decimal fractional coinage. The idea was that the coins would correspond to exact amounts in relation to the U. S. dollar fractional coinage. This gold standard was introduced with the gold sovereign being legal tender at £1 = US$ 4.86 2⁄3, no coinage was provided for under the 1853 act. Sterling coinage was legal tender and all other silver coins were demonetized. The British government in principle allowed for a decimal coinage but nevertheless held out the hope that a unit would be chosen under the name of royal. However, in 1857, the decision was made to introduce a decimal coinage into the Province of Canada in conjunction with the U. S. dollar unit, in 1859, Canadian colonial postage stamps were issued with decimal denominations for the first time. In 1860, the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia followed the colony of Canada in adopting a system based on the U. S. dollar unit. In the following year, Canadian colonial postage stamps were issued with the shown in dollars. The U. S. dollar was created in 1792 on the basis of the weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. As such, the Spanish dollar was slightly more than the U. S. dollar, and likewise. In 1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were united in a called the Dominion of Canada. In 1871, Prince Edward Island went decimal within the U. S. dollar unit, however, the currency of Prince Edward Island was absorbed into the Canadian system shortly afterwards, when Prince Edward island joined the Dominion of Canada in 1873. The Canadian Parliament passed the Uniform Currency Act in April 1871, tying up loose ends as to the currencies of the various provinces, the gold standard was temporarily abandoned during the First World War and definitively abolished on April 10,1933
Canadian dollar
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$5 gold Canadian coin from 1914. Reverse side shown depicting a shield with the arms of the Dominion of Canada. The coin weighs 8.36 grams and is 90% gold giving it 7.524 grams of gold. It has a diameter of 21.59 mm and a thickness of 1.82 mm at the rim.
Canadian dollar
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2011
Polymer notes (Frontier Series)
Canadian dollar
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$1 Dominion of Canada note issued in 1898.
Canadian dollar
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Bank of Montreal, 10 dollars (1935) First note printed for the series.
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Amal (film)
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Amal is a 2007 Canadian drama film directed and written by Richie Mehta. Set in modern-day New Delhi, India, it tells the story of an autorickshaw driver. The film was released as a short film in 2004, with the same lead actor but a mostly different cast. While riding in Amals autorickshaw on one occasion, Pooja has her handbag snatched out of her hands by a beggar girl, Amal immediately pursues the girl and the chase ends when the beggar girl is hit by a car. Amal and Pooja take the girl to hospital, Amal visits the girl regularly, speaks to her doctor and makes sure to remind the nurses to take good care of her. One day Amal offers his services to an old man who has been wandering the streets of New Delhi searching for an honest man and his identity is only revealed later in the film as local billionaire G. K. Jayaram subsequently dies and leaves his estate to the one honest man he believes to have encountered – Amal. His will is not to be read until Amal reports to Jayarams lawyer Sapna, if Amal is not found within a month, G. K. s estate will be inherited by his family members. In the meantime, although Priyas condition improves, the girl is in need of a difficult surgery that would cost 50,000 rupees. Amal decides to sell his autorickshaw in order to pay for the girls surgery, priya dies on the operating table. Amal then takes up a position at a local post office. She takes it to Amal so he can install it and return to his usual business, meanwhile, Suresh starts questioning his actions after finding Amal and witnessing his honesty and sweet nature first-hand. He is reluctant to notify Sapna he has found G. K. s heir and he then informs Vivek that he is abandoning their original plan and is taking Amal to Sapnas the next day. Vivek attacks Suresh and chokes him to death, the next morning, Sapna uses some of Sureshs notes and finds out that Amal is her sons autorickshaw driver. She manages to get Amal into the house to some papers. Sapna is told that Suresh has died, Amal wants to be on time to meet Pooja and simply keeps on walking, leaving Sapnas residence. Out on the sidewalk, Amal is approached by a girl who asks him for a piece of paper to draw on. Amal hands her the letter and drives away, the homeless girl approaches Sapnas son tells him that the paper Amal has given her to draw on has writing on it and may be of some importance
Amal (film)
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