1.
2009 Boise State Broncos football team
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The 2009 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Broncos played their games at Bronco Stadium, most famous for its blue artificial turf surface. They completed the season undefeated, their second consecutive unbeaten regular season and fourth in the last six years. The Broncos finished ranked #4 in the Associated Press and USA Today coaches poll for their highest ranking in history to finish a season. Head Coach Chris Petersen was named the Paul Bear Bryant National Coach of the Year, Petersen is the first two-time winner of the award since it was renamed in 1986. The Broncos were one of two teams to finish the 2008 regular season with an undefeated record and win their sixth WAC Championship in seven years. However, The Broncos were unable to finish the season undefeated after losing 17–16 to #11 TCU in the San Diego County Credit Union Poinsettia Bowl. The Broncos entered the 2009 season as one of the youngest college teams in the nation, with only five seniors on their roster, no other team had fewer than nine. Two Broncos were listed on scout. coms list of the 100 best returning players in the nation, senior defensive back Kyle Wilson at #54 and sophomore quarterback Kellen Moore at #37. Kyle Wilson - Playboy, nationalchamps. net 2nd team, CBSSports. com, the Broncos were the highest rated non BCS conference school. On August 22 Boise State received 659 points to rank 14th in the Associated Press preseason poll, just as they were in the USA Today poll, the Broncos were the highest rated non BCS conference school. The 14th ranking was the highest preseason ranking in school history, for the second consecutive year Bronco Stadium received an expansion, this time in the south endzone temporary bleachers. Rankings reflect the Coaches poll until the week of the Hawaii game, after which the BCS poll was used, last meeting in 2008, a 37–32 Broncos win in Eugene. On August 31, this game was named the Allstate Sugar Bowl Manning Award Matchup of the Week for the matchup of Boise State QB Kellen Moore vs Oregon QB Jeremiah Masoli. The Bronco offense scored on a 10-yard TD pass from Kellen Moore to Austin Pettis in the second quarter, the Broncos set a school record with 59 rushing attempts. Kellen Moore finished 19/29 for 197 and 1 TD, Austin Pettis had 6 catches for 68 yards and the TD. The Broncos out gained the Ducks 351 to 152, the 34,127 in attendance set a new Bronco Stadium record. The Broncos moved up 2 spots in the AP poll to #12 and 5 spots in the Coaches poll to #11. J
2.
University of Phoenix Stadium
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University of Phoenix Stadium is a multi-purpose football stadium located in Glendale, Arizona, west of Phoenix. It is the home of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League and it replaced Tempes Sun Devil Stadium as the Valley of the Suns main outdoor stadium. The stadium is adjacent to the Gila River Arena and it features the first fully retractable natural grass playing surface built in the United States on top of an AirField Systems drainage system. It was one of the stadiums for the Copa América Centenario in 2016 and it hosted the NCAA Final Four in 2017. The University of Phoenix acquired the rights in September 2006. The University of Phoenix name is applied as a sponsor, and not as the home stadium of the university. Since moving to Arizona in 1988, the Cardinals had played at Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University, the Cardinals had only planned to play there until a new stadium could be built in Phoenix. However, the savings and loan crisis derailed funding for a new stadium, over time, the Cardinals expressed frustration at being merely tenants in a college football stadium. Lack of having their own stadium denied them additional revenue streams available to other NFL teams, the Cardinals campaigned several years for a new and more modern facility. The 63, 400-seat stadium opened on August 1,2006 after three years of construction, the stadium was designed by Eisenman Architects and HOK Sport. The ceremonial groundbreaking for the new stadium was held on April 12,2003, LED video and ribbon displays from Daktronics in Brookings, South Dakota were installed in 2006 prior to Arizonas first game of the season. The cost of the project was $455 million and that total included $395.4 million for the stadium, $41.7 million for site improvements, and $17.8 million for the land. Contributors to the stadium included the Arizona Sports and Tourism Authority, the Arizona Cardinals, the stadium has 88 luxury suites — called luxury lofts — with space for 16 future suites as the stadium matures. The 25 acres surrounding the stadium is called Sportsmans Park, included within the Park is an 8-acre landscaped tailgating area called the Great Lawn. There are no obstructed view seats in the stadium, there are visible areas in the upper deck of the end zone where seats could have been put in but were not due to the giant super columns supporting the roof structure. The endzone area on the side of the facility where the field tray rolls in, the roof is made out of translucent Bird-Air fabric and opens in 12 minutes. It is the first retractable roof built on an incline. The first preseason game was played August 12,2006 when the Cardinals defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers
3.
Glendale, Arizona
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Glendale /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/ is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, located about nine miles northwest from Downtown Phoenix. According to the 2010 census, the population of the city is 226,721, in the late 1800s what is now known as Glendale, Arizona, was all desert. He completed the canal, which would bring water to the desert land, Murphy was deep in debt, since he had agreed to be paid in Arizona Canal Company stock and bonds and land instead of cash. In 1887, Murphy formed the Arizona Improvement Company and his objective was to sell the land and water rights south of the canal. Murphy had to raise capital from out of state sources in order to meet payroll, Murphy decided to refer to this land as Glendale. In 1891, Burgess Hadsell worked with Murphy to bring 70 Brethren, soon settlers, attracted by the towns ban on alcoholic beverages, continued to arrive. In 1895, Murphy platted the town site and amended the plat to include a town park. It was bounded by Lamar Road on the south, 55th Avenue on the east, Myrtle Avenue on the north, the construction of a railroad from Prescott to Phoenix was made possible with an exchange of the right-of-way made by Murphy along Grand Avenue. The railroad allowed Glendale settlers to transport goods to the north, the construction and commercial applications of the Beet Sugar Factory in 1906, also contributed to the growth of Glendale. Though the operations of the factory lasted until 1913, it played an important role in the increase of immigrant and migrant settlers in the city. City Attorney Craig Tindall resigned his city post in 2013 upon request of the mayor, Tindall was subsequently the subject of an ethics complaint regarding his purported conflict of interest between his work for IceArizona and his Glendale post. He was still receiving city severance pay at the time IceArizona hired him, the complaint was filed by former city councilmember Phil Lieberman. After Tindall resigned from the City of Glendale, a press release announced that he had joined the well-known Phoenix law firm Fennemore Craig, Glendale is located at 33°32′19″N 112°11′11″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 55.8 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 218,812 people,75,700 households, the population density was 3,929.5 people per square mile. There were 79,667 housing units at a density of 1,430.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 75. 54% White,4. 70% Black or African American,1. 45% Native American,2. 74% Asian,0. 13% Pacific Islander,11. 97% from other races, and 3. 47% from two or more races. 24. 84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
4.
The Star-Spangled Banner
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The Star-Spangled Banner is the national anthem of the United States of America. Key was inspired by the large American flag, the Star-Spangled Banner, the poem was set to the tune of a popular British song written by John Stafford Smith for the Anacreontic Society, a mens social club in London. To Anacreon in Heaven, with lyrics, was already popular in the United States. Set to Keys poem and renamed The Star-Spangled Banner, it became a well-known American patriotic song. With a range of one octave and one fifth, it is known for being difficult to sing, although the poem has four stanzas, only the first is commonly sung today. Before 1931, other songs served as the hymns of American officialdom, hail, Columbia served this purpose at official functions for most of the 19th century. My Country, Tis of Thee, whose melody is identical to God Save the Queen, following the War of 1812 and subsequent American wars, other songs emerged to compete for popularity at public events, among them The Star-Spangled Banner, as well as America the Beautiful. Beanes was accused of aiding the arrest of British soldiers, because Key and Skinner had heard details of the plans for the attack on Baltimore, they were held captive until after the battle, first aboard HMS Surprise and later back on HMS Minden. On the morning of September 14, the flag had been lowered. During the bombardment, HMS Terror and HMS Meteor provided some of the bombs bursting in air, Key was inspired by the American victory and the sight of the large American flag flying triumphantly above the fort. This flag, with fifteen stars and fifteen stripes, had made by Mary Young Pickersgill together with other workers in her home on Baltimores Pratt Street. The flag later came to be known as the Star-Spangled Banner and is today on display in the National Museum of American History and it was restored in 1914 by Amelia Fowler, and again in 1998 as part of an ongoing conservation program. Aboard the ship the day, Key wrote a poem on the back of a letter he had kept in his pocket. At twilight on September 16, he and Skinner were released in Baltimore and he completed the poem at the Indian Queen Hotel, where he was staying, and titled it Defence of Fort MHenry. Much of the idea of the poem, including the flag imagery and some of the wording, is derived from a song by Key. The song, known as When the Warrior Returns, was written in honor of Stephen Decatur, absent elaboration by Francis Scott Key prior to his death in 1843, some have speculated in modern times about the meaning of phrases or verses. Professor Mark Clague has stated that the two verses of Keys lyric vilify the British enemy in the War of 1812 and in no way glorifies or celebrates slavery. Clague asserts that the used to refer to British professional soldiers but also the Corps of Colonial Marines which Key viewed as scoundrels
5.
Official (American football)
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In American football, an official is a person who has responsibility in enforcing the rules and maintaining the order of the game. During professional and most college games, seven officials operate on the field. Beginning in 2015, Division I college football conferences are using eight game officials, College games outside the Division I level use six or seven officials. Arena football, high school football, and other levels of football have other officiating systems, High school football played under the National Federation of State High School Associations rules typically use five officials for varsity and 3,4, or 5 for non-varsity games. Because the referee is responsible for the supervision of the game. American football officials generally use the equipment, Whistle Used to signal a reminder to players that the ball is dead. Penalty marker or flag A bright-yellow-colored flag that is thrown on the field toward or at the spot of a foul, for fouls where the spot is unimportant, such as fouls which occur at the snap or during a dead ball, the flag is typically thrown vertically. The flag is wrapped around a weight, such as sand or beans, so that it can be thrown with some distance and accuracy and to ensure it remains in place, Officials typically carry a second flag in case there are multiple fouls on a play. Officials who run out of flags when they see multiple fouls on a play may drop their hat or a bag instead. Bean bag Used to mark various spots that are not fouls, for example, a bean bag is used to mark the spot of a fumble or the spot where a player caught a punt. It is typically colored white, blue, black, or orange, depending on the league, college conference, level of play. Unlike penalty flags, bean bags may be tossed to a parallel to the nearest yard line. Down indicator A specially designed wristband that is used to remind officials of the current down and it has an elastic loop attached to it that is wrapped around the fingers. Usually, officials put the loop around their index finger when it is first down, the finger when it is second down. Some officials, especially umpires, may use a second indicator to keep track of where the ball was placed between the hash marks before the play. This is important when the ball is re-spotted after a pass or a foul. Game data card and pencil Officials write down important administrative information, such as the winner of the coin toss, team timeouts. Game data cards can be paper or reusable plastic
6.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
7.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
8.
Arizona
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Arizona is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states and it is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, Arizonas border with Mexico is 389 miles long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California. Arizona is the 48th state and last of the states to be admitted to the Union. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, after being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase, Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, in addition to the Grand Canyon National Park, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments. To the European settlers, their pronunciation sounded like Arissona, the area is still known as alĭ ṣonak in the Oodham language. Another possible origin is the Basque phrase haritz ona, as there were numerous Basque sheepherders in the area, There is a misconception that the states name originated from the Spanish term Árida Zona. See also lists of counties, islands, rivers, lakes, state parks, national parks, Arizona is in the Southwestern United States as one of the Four Corners states. Arizona is the sixth largest state by area, ranked after New Mexico, of the states 113,998 square miles, approximately 15% is privately owned. The remaining area is public forest and park land, state trust land, Arizona is well known for its desert Basin and Range region in the states southern portions, which is rich in a landscape of xerophyte plants such as the cactus. This regions topography was shaped by volcanism, followed by the cooling-off. Its climate has hot summers and mild winters. The state is well known for its pine-covered north-central portion of the high country of the Colorado Plateau. Like other states of the Southwest United States, Arizona has an abundance of mountains, despite the states aridity, 27% of Arizona is forest, a percentage comparable to modern-day France or Germany. The worlds largest stand of pine trees is in Arizona
9.
2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
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The 2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team represented the University of Alabama in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the Crimson Tides 115th overall season, 76th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference, the team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his third year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. They finished the season undefeated with a record of 14–0 and as national champions, looking to build on the successes of the 2008 campaign, Alabama entered the 2009 season as the favorite to win the Western Division and meet the Florida Gators in the 2009 SEC Championship Game. Alabama closed the season with a 12–0 record including four wins against Top 25-ranked teams—and met the Gators for the SEC Championship in a rematch of the 2008 contest. Alabama was victorious by a score of 32–13. The following day, final Bowl Championship Series standings were unveiled, No.1 ranked Alabama would meet No.2 ranked Texas for the BCS National Championship. In the BCS National Championship Game, the Crimson Tide defeated the Longhorns 37–21 to capture their first-ever BCS Championship, Alabama earned their third SEC championship since the inception of the SEC Championship Game in 1992, and their 22nd SEC title. The victory over Texas gave Alabama their 13th national championship in football, the season included victories over the previous three national champions, Florida, Louisiana State University, and Texas. The season marked the first time a player for Alabama won the Heisman Trophy, other award winners included Rolando McClain, who won the Butkus Award and the Jack Lambert Award, and defensive coordinator Kirby Smart, who won the Broyles Award as the nations top assistant coach. Also, six players were named to various All-America Teams with Terrence Cody, Mike Johnson, the Tide went on to lose their final two games in the postseason to end the season 12–2. They lost to the Florida Gators in the SEC Championship Game, Alabama reached No.1 in the AP and Coaches Polls for the first time since the final polls in 1992 and during the regular season for the first time since 1980 between weeks ten and fourteen. The Tide reached No.1 in the BCS rankings for the first time in history between weeks ten and fourteen. The team finished the 2008 season with a ranking of No.6 in both the AP and Coaches Polls. In February 2009, Alabama signed the No.1 recruiting class according to Rivals, spring practice began on March 13 and concluded with the annual A-Day game on April 18. Televised live by ESPN, the Crimson team defeated the White team by a score of 14–7 before 84,050 fans in Bryant–Denny Stadium, Greg McElroy and Marquis Maze were named co-MVPs of the game. As a penalty, the program was forced to vacate 21 victories from the 2005,2006. Alabama appealed the ruling to the NCAA Infractions Appeals Committee in late June, but was unsuccessful, during SEC Media Days in July, voters selected Alabama and Florida to again win their divisions, with 63 of 64 ballots choosing Florida to win the SEC Championship Game. By August, Alabama had 19 players on 11 different preseason award watch lists, Alabama had 16 returning starters from the previous season, including eight on defense, four on offense, and all of the special teams
10.
Utah Utes football
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The Utah Utes football program is a college football team that currently competes in the Pac-12 Conference of the Football Bowl Subdivision of NCAA Division I and represents the University of Utah. The Utah college football program began in 1892 and has played games at the current site of Rice–Eccles Stadium since 1927. They have won conference championships in five conferences during their history, and, as of the end of the 2016 season, they have a cumulative record of 661 wins,453 losses. The Utes have a record of 16–4 in bowl games, among Utahs bowl appearances are two games from the Bowl Championship Series, the Fiesta Bowl and the Sugar Bowl. In the 2005 Fiesta Bowl, Utah defeated the Pittsburgh Panthers 35–7, during those seasons, Utah was a member of the Mountain West Conference, whose champion does not receive an automatic invitation to a BCS bowl. The Utes were the first team from a conference without a bid to play in a BCS bowl game—colloquially known as being a BCS Buster—and the first BCS Buster to play in a second BCS Bowl. During Utahs first year in 1892, the Utes won one game, the first two games were against the local YMCA, but no one knows when these contests took place. Utahs first game against another college, Utah Agricultural College, was scheduled for Thanksgiving Day, Utah did not field a team in 1893, but resumed playing in 1894. One other season in Utahs history has been cancelled, in 1918 Utah did not field a team due to World War I. Utah had its first sustained success when, in 1904, it hired Joe Maddock to coach football, as well as basketball, during his six seasons, he coached the football team to a record of 28–9–1. The school enthusiastically embraced the former Michigan Wolverine, in 1905, the Galveston Daily News reported, He has the Mormons all football crazy. He has written here to say that his team now holds the championship of Utah, Montana, Wyoming, when he won the hard-fought battle with Colorado College a week ago the Salt Lake City papers said, Maddock is a new way of saying success. The great Michigan tackle has taken boys who never saw a football before, in early 1910, Maddock retired from coaching Fred Bennion coached the Utes from 1910 to 1913. 1910 was also Utahs first season as a member of a conference, Bennion finished with a record of 16–8–3 during his four seasons. Nelson Norgren finished with a record of 13–11 during his years from 1913 to 1917. Utah did not field a team for the 1918 season because of a shortage of players due to World War I, when play resumed in 1919, Thomas Fitzpatrick started his football coaching career. He continued as coach until end of the 1924 season. His teams finished with a record of 23–17–3, Utah won their first conference championships in these early years, in 1922
