1.
United States presidential election, 2012
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The United States presidential election of 2012 was the 57th quadrennial American presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 6,2012, as the incumbent president, Obama secured the Democratic nomination with no serious opposition. Romney effectively secured the nomination by early May as the economy improved, the campaign was marked by a sharp rise in fundraising, including from new nominally independent Super PACs. The campaigns focused heavily on issues, debate centered largely around sound responses to the Great Recession in terms of economic recovery. Other issues included long-term federal budget issues, the future of social programs. Obama defeated Romney, winning both the popular vote and the college, with 332 electoral votes to Romneys 206. Obama carried all states and districts that he had won in the 2008 presidential election except North Carolina, Indiana, as such, his margin of victory decreased from 2008. Consequently, Obama became the first incumbent since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 to win reelection with fewer electoral votes, nonetheless, Obama also became the first two-term president since Ronald Reagan to win both his presidential bids with an absolute majority of the nationwide popular vote. Not since 1820 had three consecutive American presidents succeeded in securing two consecutive terms, september–October 2012, Early voting begins in some states and continue as late as November 5. November 6,2012, Election Day, at around 11,15 p. m. EST, November 7,2012, Romney concedes the election to Obama at around 1,00 a. m. November 10,2012, The electoral outcomes of all 50 states, Obama won 332 electoral votes while Romney won 206 electoral votes. December 17,2012, The Electoral College formally re-elects President Obama, January 3,2013, The 113th Congress is sworn in. January 4,2013, Electoral votes are counted before a joint session of Congress. The re-election of President Obama and Vice President Biden is certified, January 20,2013, President Obama and Vice President Biden take the oaths of office, Obamas second presidential term begins at noon. January 21,2013, The inauguration ceremonies are held, Florida, Georgia, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginias state legislatures approved measures to shorten early voting periods. Florida and Iowa barred all felons from voting, kansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin state legislatures passed laws requiring voters to have government-issued IDs before they could cast their ballots. This meant, typically, that people without drivers licenses or passports had to gain new forms of ID, Obama, the NAACP, and the Democratic Party fought against many of the new state laws. Clinton said the moves would effectively disenfranchise core voter blocs that trend liberal, including students, Blacks
2.
Charlotte, North Carolina
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Charlotte /ˈʃɑːrlət/ is the largest city in the state of North Carolina. It is the county seat of Mecklenburg County and the second-largest city in the southeastern United States, just behind Jacksonville, Charlotte is the third-fastest growing major city in the United States. In 2014 the estimated population of Charlotte according to the U. S. Census Bureau was 809,958, the Charlotte metropolitan area ranks 22nd-largest in the U. S. and had a 2014 population of 2,380,314. The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2014 U. S. Census population estimate of 2,537,990, residents of Charlotte are referred to as Charlotteans. It is listed as a global city by the Globalization. Charlotte Douglas International Airport is an international hub, and was ranked the 23rd-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in 2013. Charlotte has a subtropical climate. The city is located several miles east of the Catawba River and southeast of Lake Norman, Lake Wylie and Mountain Island Lake are two smaller man-made lakes located near the city. The Catawba Native Americans were the first to settle Mecklenburg County and were first recorded in European records around 1567, by 1759 half the Catawba tribe had been killed by smallpox. At the time of their largest population, Catawba people numbered 10,000, Mecklenburg County was initially part of Bath County of New Hanover Precinct, which became New Hanover County in 1729. The western portion of New Hanover split into Bladen County in 1734, Mecklenburg County formed from Anson County in 1762. Further apportionment was made in 1792, with Cabarrus County formed from Mecklenburg and these areas were all part of one of the original six judicial/military districts of North Carolina known as the Salisbury District. The area that is now Charlotte was settled by people of European descent around 1755, Thomas Polk, who later married Thomas Spratts daughter, built his house by the intersection of two Native American trading paths between the Yadkin and Catawba rivers. One path ran north–south and was part of the Great Wagon Road, within decades of Polks settling, the area grew to become Charlotte Town, incorporating in 1768. The crossroads, perched atop the Piedmont landscape, became the heart of Uptown Charlotte, in 1770, surveyors marked the streets in a grid pattern for future development. The east–west trading path became Trade Street, and the Great Wagon Road became Tryon Street, in honor of William Tryon, the intersection of Trade and Tryon—commonly known today as Trade & Tryon, or simply The Square—is more properly called Independence Square. While surveying the boundary between the Carolinas in 1772, William Moultrie stopped in Charlotte Town, whose five or six houses were very ordinary built of logs, local leaders came together in 1775 and signed the Mecklenburg Resolves, more popularly known as the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. While not a declaration of independence from British rule, it is among the first such declarations that eventually led to the American Revolution
3.
Charter Spectrum Center (arena)
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Spectrum Center is an indoor arena located in center city Charlotte, North Carolina. It is owned by the city of Charlotte and operated by its main tenant, opened in October 2005, the arena seats 19,077 for NBA games but can be expanded to seat up to 20,200 for college basketball games. The arena was intended to host the Charlotte Hornets in the early 2000s. The Charlotte Coliseum was outdated, despite being only 13 years old, the arts package would have been funded with the issuance of bonds by the city. This resulted in opposition, with feeling that the city should not fund a new arena at all due to the Coliseums relatively young age. Then-mayor Pat McCrory vetoed a living wage ordinance just days before the referendum, the referendum failed with 43% for building the arena and 57% opposed. While even the NBA acknowledged that Shinn had alienated fans, NBA officials felt such a statement would anger other team owners, as it turned out, the NBA approved the Hornets application to move to New Orleans. However, the league promised that the city would get a new team—which became the Bobcats—as part of the deal, the total cost of the arena to Charlotte and Mecklenburg County was not known, but estimated at around $260 million. The construction was approved by the city council, which did not opt to present another referendum to the public, the arena opened as the Charlotte Bobcats Arena on October 21,2005, costing $265 million to build. Architects hoped the building would bring the city together, as its location and large plaza, among other features. The buildings concourses and open design, plus artwork throughout also suggests the concept of community, in early 2006, the arena became the subject of controversy when the Bobcats charged a $15,000 fee to Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools for graduation ceremonies held at the building. The fee was waived following media attention from a local newspaper. Many high schools in the area moved graduations to Bojangles Coliseum, on April 8,2008, the Bobcats announced a naming rights deal with Time Warner Cable, the areas largest cable television provider, renaming the venue Time Warner Cable Arena. As part of the deal, TWC shuttered its poorly-performing regional sports network C-SET, following Charter Communications purchase of TWC, the arena was renamed Spectrum Center, in accordance with Charters trade name. Little to no renovations were made to the arena during much of its existence, on January 24,2015, the Hornets announced and unveiled images of a new scoreboard to be installed in summer 2016, costing $7 million. The boards screens measure out at 25 high by 42 wide and 18 high by 31 wide, approximately, making it almost twice the size of the original board, the screens are able to handle 1080p resolution, something unique to the NBA. Two smaller underbelly screens would also be included, in addition, the scoreboard would be able to change colors and have a visible hive motif built-in throughout its design. It was also announced that four retractable auxiliary scoreboards will be installed in the corners of the level and finally
4.
Antonio Villaraigosa
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Antonio Ramón Villaraigosa is an American politician who is a current candidate for Governor of California in 2018. After being termed out of the State Assembly, he was elected to the Los Angeles City Council and he ran for Mayor in 2001 against Los Angeles City Attorney James Hahn, but lost in the second round of voting. He ran again in 2005 in a rematch against Hahn and won, during his tenure as Mayor, he gained national attention for his work and was featured in Times story on the countrys 25 most influential Latinos. He was the first Mexican American in over 130 years to have served as Mayor of Los Angeles and he was term limited and could not run for re-election in 2013. He continues to be engaged in education, civic engagement, water, immigration, transportation. He speaks nationally and throughout California on these issues, born Antonio Ramón Villar, Jr. in the City Terrace neighborhood of Los Angeles Countys Eastside, he attended both Catholic and public schools. His father immigrated to the USA and became a successful businessman and his young wife left him at this time. His father abandoned their family when he was 5 years old, and at age of 16 and his grades plummeted at Cathedral High School, and the next year, he was expelled from the Roman Catholic institution after getting into a fight after a football game. He later graduated from Theodore Roosevelt High School in Boyle Heights after taking adult education there at night. At UCLA, he was a leader of MEChA, an organization that seeks to promote Chicano unity, at this time, he went by the short form Tony of his given name Antonio. After UCLA, Villar attended the Peoples College of Law, a school that prioritizes a commitment to social change. After law school, he became a field representative/organizer with the United Teachers Los Angeles where he organized teachers and was regarded as a gifted advocate. There, he saw first-hand the issues that teachers experience in the classroom and he later served as president of the Los Angeles chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union and the American Federation of Government Employees. He changed his surname to Villaraigosa upon his marriage with Corina Raigosa in 1987, in 1990, Villaraigosa was appointed to the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Board and served there until 1994. In 1994, he was elected to the California State Assembly, within his first term, he was selected to serve as Democratic Assembly Whip and Assembly Majority Leader. In 1998, Villaraigosa was chosen by his colleagues to be the Speaker of the Assembly and he left the Assembly in 2000 because of term limits. Villaraigosa ran for election as Mayor of Los Angeles in the 2001 citywide contest but was defeated by Democrat James Hahn in a run-off election, in 2003, Villaraigosa defeated incumbent Councilman Nick Pacheco to win a seat on the Los Angeles City Council representing the 14th District. Villaraigosa placed first in the primary for the Los Angeles mayoral election of March 8,2005, on July 1,2005, Villaraigosa was sworn in as the 41st Mayor of Los Angeles
5.
Julian Castro
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Julián Castro is an American Democratic politician who served as the 16th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President Barack Obama from 2014 to 2017. Castro served as the mayor of his native San Antonio, Texas and he was mentioned as a possible vice presidential running mate for Hillary Clinton during the 2016 presidential campaign. Julián Castro was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Maria Rosie Castro and he is the identical twin brother of current United States Representative Joaquín Castro. His mother was a Chicana political activist who helped establish the Chicano political party La Raza Unida, Castro once stated, My mother is probably the biggest reason that my brother and I are in public service. Growing up, she would take us to a lot of rallies and organizational meetings and other things that are very boring for an 8-, 9- and his father, Jessie Guzman, is a retired mathematics teacher and political activist. Never married, Rosie and Jessie separated when Castro and his brother were eight years old, castros Texan roots trace back to 1920, when his grandmother, Victoria Castro, joined extended family members there as a six-year-old orphan from northern Mexico. In 2007, Castro married Erica Lira, a school teacher. In 2009, their daughter Carina Castro was born, on December 27,2014, Castro announced via Twitter the birth of the couples second child, a son, Cristian Julian Castro. Castro attended Thomas Jefferson High School in San Antonio, where he played football, basketball and tennis and he skipped his sophomore year and graduated in 1992, ranking ninth in his class. He had received an offer to play tennis at Trinity University, a NCAA Division III school in his hometown and he graduated from Stanford in 1996 with a bachelors degree in political science and communications. He said he began thinking about entering politics while at Stanford, Castro has credited affirmative action for his admission into Stanford, telling The New York Times, Joaquín and I got into Stanford because of affirmative action. I scored 1210 on my SATs, which was lower than the median matriculating student, but I did fine in college and in law school. I’m a strong supporter of affirmative action because I’ve seen it work in my own life, between his sophomore and junior years, Castro worked as an intern at the White House during the presidency of Bill Clinton. Castro entered Harvard Law School in 1997 and graduated with a Juris Doctor in 2000 and his brother graduated from both schools with him. After law school, the two worked for the law firm Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld before starting their own firm in 2005. In 2001, Castro was elected to the San Antonio City Council, at age 26 he was the youngest city councilman in San Antonio history, surpassing Henry Cisneros, who won his council seat in 1975 at age 27. Castro represented District 7, a precinct on the city’s west side with 115,000 residents, the population was 70 percent Hispanic and included a large number of senior citizens. As a councilman from 2001 to 2005, he opposed a PGA-approved golf course, Castro ran for Mayor of San Antonio in 2005 and was widely viewed as the front runner in a field that also included retired judge Phil Hardberger and conservative city councilman Carroll Schubert
6.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
7.
Jennifer Granholm
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She is currently an MSNBC political contributor. In January 2017, she became a CNN political contributor, born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Granholm moved from Canada to California at age four. She graduated from San Carlos High School and briefly attempted a career, then held a variety of jobs before attending the University of California. She graduated with a BA in 1984 and then with a JD from Harvard Law School, Granholm ran for Attorney General of Michigan in 1998 to succeed thirty-seven year Democratic incumbent Frank J. Kelley. She defeated Republican John Smietanka, the 1994 nominee and former U. S. Attorney for the Western District of Michigan, by 52% to 48% and she ran for Governor in 2002 to succeed Republican John Engler. She defeated Englers Lieutenant Governor Dick Posthumus by 51% to 47% and she was re-elected to a second term in 2006 against Republican businessman Dick DeVos by a large margin and served until January 1,2011, when she was term-limited. As Governor, Granholm received praise for her focus on renewable energy and she was a member of the presidential transition team for Barack Obama before he assumed office on January 20,2009. Later she became host of The War Room with Jennifer Granholm on Current TV and has been a supporter of Obamas re-election campaign in 2012. Granholm was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, to Shirley Alfreda and Victor Ivar Granholm, Granholms maternal grandparents came from Ireland and Newfoundland. Her paternal grandmother was an emigrant from Norway and her grandfather, who immigrated to Canada in the 1930s, came from Robertsfors, Sweden. Granholms family moved to California when she was four years old and she grew up in Anaheim, San Jose, and San Carlos. Granholm graduated from San Carlos High School in 1977 and won the Miss San Carlos beauty pageant, as a young adult she attempted to launch a Hollywood acting career but was unsuccessful and abandoned her efforts at the age of 21. In 1980, at the age of 21 years, she became a naturalized U. S. citizen, andersons campaign for President of the United States as an Independent in the 1980 election. She then enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, the first person in her family to do so, joining Phi Beta Kappa and graduating in 1984 with a B. A. in Political Science and French. During a year in France, she helped to smuggle clothes and medical supplies to Jewish people in the Soviet Union and she then earned a Juris Doctor degree at Harvard University, also with honors, in 1987. At Harvard Law School, Granholm served as Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, after graduating, Granholm clerked for Judge Damon Keith, a Senior Judge on the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, from 1987 to 1988. She also worked for the Michael Dukakis campaign for President in the 1988 election, after working as an attorney in the Wayne County executive office from 1989 to 1991, she became an Assistant U. S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan in 1991. She helped to drug dealers, gang members and child pornographers, sued the state
8.
Cory Booker
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Cory Anthony Booker is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from New Jersey, in office since 2013. Previously he served as mayor of Newark from 2006 to 2013, upon returning home, he received his Juris Doctor from Yale Law School. Booker began his career as a Newark city councilor from 1998 to 2002. He ran for mayor in 2002, but lost to incumbent Sharpe James, he ran again in 2006, during his tenure as mayor, Bookers priorities were reducing crime and encouraging economic development projects. He gained a reputation for his personal involvement in public service. Considered one of the most prominent Democrats in New Jersey, he became a candidate for the United States Senate in the 2013 special election to succeed Frank Lautenberg, who died in office. He won the Senate Democratic primary on August 13,2013, Booker subsequently won the next regular election for the Senate seat against Jeff Bell in 2014. Booker was born on April 27,1969, in Washington, D. C. and grew up in Harrington Park, New Jersey,20 miles north of Newark and his parents, Carolyn Rose and Cary Alfred Booker, were among the first black executives at IBM. Booker has stated that he was raised in a household. One of Bookers maternal great-grandfathers was white, and Booker also has other European, Booker graduated from Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan, where he played varsity football and was named to the 1986 USA Today All-USA high school football team. Booker went on to Stanford University, receiving a Bachelor of Arts in political science in 1991 and a Master of Arts in sociology the following year. While at Stanford, he played football as an end and was teammates with Brad Muster and Ed McCaffrey. In addition, Booker ran The Bridge Peer Counseling Center, a crisis hotline. After Stanford, Booker was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at the University of Oxford and he earned his Juris Doctor in 1997 from Yale Law School, where he operated free legal clinics for low-income residents of New Haven, Connecticut. At Yale, Booker was a member of the Chai Society, was a Big Brother with Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. Contemplating advocacy work and a run for city council in Newark after graduation from law school, after graduation, he served as staff attorney for the Urban Justice Center in New York and program coordinator of the Newark Youth Project. In 1998, Booker won a victory for a seat on the Newark City Council. Booker proposed council initiatives that impacted housing, young people, law and order, and the efficiency and transparency of city hall, but was regularly outvoted by all of his fellow councilors
9.
Tim Kaine
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Timothy Michael Tim Kaine is an American attorney and politician who is the junior United States Senator from Virginia. A Democrat, Kaine was elected to the Senate in 2012 and was the nominee of his party for Vice President of the United States in the 2016 election. He was first elected to office in 1994, when he won a seat on the Richmond. He was then elected Mayor of Richmond in 1998, and was in position until being elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in 2001. Kaine was elected Governor of Virginia in 2005 and was in office from 2006 to 2010. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2009 to 2011, Kaine was born at Saint Josephs Hospital in St. Paul, Minnesota. He is the eldest of three born to Mary Kathleen, a home economics teacher, and Albert Alexander Kaine, Jr. a welder. One of Kaines great-grandparents was Scottish and the seven were Irish. Kaines family moved to Overland Park, Kansas, when Kaine was two old, and he grew up in the Kansas City area. In 1976, he graduated from Rockhurst High School, a Jesuit all-boys preparatory school in Kansas City, at Rockhurst, Kaine joined the debate team and was elected student body president. Kaine received his B. A. in economics from the University of Missouri in 1979 and he was a Coro Foundation fellow in Kansas City in 1978. While running a vocational center that taught carpentry and welding, he helped increase the schools enrollment by recruiting local villagers. Kaine is fluent in Spanish as a result of his nine months in Honduras, after returning from Honduras, Kaine met his future wife, first-year Harvard Law student, Anne Holton. He graduated from Harvard Law School with a J. D. degree in 1983, Kaine and Holton moved to Holtons hometown of Richmond, Virginia, after graduation, and Kaine was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1984. After graduating from law school, Kaine was a law clerk for Judge R. Lanier Anderson III of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, in Macon, Kaine then joined the Richmond law firm of Little, Parsley & Cluverius, P. C. In 1987, Kaine became a director with the law firm of Mezzullo & McCandlish, Kaine practiced law in Richmond for 17 years, specializing in fair housing law and representing clients discriminated against on the basis of race or disability. Kaine won a $100.5 million verdict in the case, the judgment was overturned on appeal, Kaine did regular pro bono work. In 1988, Kaine started teaching legal ethics as a professor at the University of Richmond School of Law
10.
Lincoln Chafee
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Lincoln Davenport Chafee is an American politician from Rhode Island. He served as mayor of Warwick from 1993 to 1999, as a United States Senator from 1999 to 2007 and he is a member of the Democratic Party, having previously been a Republican until 2007. The son of Republican politician John Chafee, who served as the 66th Governor of Rhode Island, the United States Secretary of the Navy, Senator from Rhode Island, Lincoln Chafees first elected office was as a member of the Warwick City Council in 1985. Chafees tenure in the United States Senate was characterized by his support for fiscal and social policies that often opposed those promoted by the Republican Party and he was defeated in his 2006 reelection bid by Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse. In 2015, he sought nomination to be the Democratic candidate in the 2016 presidential election, Lincoln Davenport Chafee was born on March 26,1953 in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of Virginia and John Chafee. Chafees great-great-grandfather, Henry Lippitt, was Governor of Rhode Island, among his great-great-uncles are Rhode Island Governor Charles Warren Lippitt and United States Senator Henry Frederick Lippitt. His great-uncle, Zechariah Chafee, was a Harvard law professor, the Chafee family was among the earliest settlers of Hingham, Massachusetts, before moving south to Rhode Island. On his mothers side, his great-grandfather, George de Forest Brush, was a painter in the American Renaissance. He attended public schools in Warwick, Rhode Island, Providence Country Day School, at Brown University, Chafee captained the wrestling team, and in 1975 earned a Bachelor of Arts in Classics. He then attended the Montana State University Farrier School in Bozeman, for the next seven years, he worked as a farrier at harness racetracks in the United States and Canada. One of the horses he shod, Overburden, set the record at Northlands Park in Edmonton. In describing how his time as a farrier affected him, Chafee stated that when you’re around horses, Chafee entered politics in 1985, when he was elected over eight other candidates to become delegate to the Rhode Island Constitutional Convention. A year later he was elected to the Warwick City Council, defeating an incumbent and he ran for Warwick Mayor in 1990, losing by 5 percent in a three-way race. He conservatively managed the City’s finances, strengthening the bond rating and paying down the outstanding pension liability. He worked effectively and cooperatively with the unions, especially in settling a difficult. As mayor, Chafee made conservation, environmental protection and wise growth a priority and he purchased 130 acres of open space, planted hundreds of street trees, and created new historic districts and a new economic development intermodal district at the state airport. His municipal composting and recycling initiatives dramatically decreased landfill waste, after his father announced he would not seek re-election in 2000, Lincoln Chafee announced he would run for the seat. When John Chafee died suddenly in October 1999, Governor Lincoln Almond appointed the younger Chafee to serve out the term, in the general election he faced the Democratic nominee, then-U. S
11.
Rahm Emanuel
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Rahm Israel Emanuel is an American politician who is the 44th mayor of Chicago. A member of the Democratic Party, Emanuel was elected in 2011 and he was re-elected on April 7,2015. Born in Chicago, Emanuel is a graduate of Sarah Lawrence College, working early in his career in Democratic politics, Emanuel was appointed as director of the finance committee for Bill Clintons 1992 presidential campaign. Beginning a career in finance, Emanuel worked at the investment bank Wasserstein Perella & Co. from 1998 for 2½ years and served on the board of directors of Freddie Mac. In 2002, Emanuel ran for a seat in the U. S. House of Representatives vacated by Rod Blagojevich, Emanuel won the first of three terms representing Illinoiss 5th congressional district, a seat he held from 2003 to 2009. After the 2008 presidential election, President Barack Obama appointed Emanuel to serve as White House chief of staff, in October 2010, Emanuel resigned as chief of staff to run as a candidate in Chicagos 2011 mayoral election. Emanuel won with 55% of the vote over five candidates in the nonpartisan mayoral election. Although Emanuel did not obtain a majority in the February 2015 mayoral election. In early December the federal Justice Department announced an investigation into the operations of the Chicago police department, Emanuels grandfather was a Romanian Jew from Bessarabia. The surname Emanuel, which means God with us, was adopted by their family in honor of his fathers brother Emanuel Auerbach, Emanuels parents met during the 1950s in Chicago. Emanuel was born on November 29,1959 in Chicago, Illinois and his first name, Rahm means high or lofty in Hebrew. He has been described by his older brother Ezekiel, an oncologist and bioethicist at the University of Pennsylvania, as quiet and observant as a child. Ari, the youngest, is the co-CEO of William Morris Endeavor, while he lived in Chicago, Emanuel attended the Bernard Zell Anshe Emet Day School. After his family moved to Wilmette, north of the city, Emanuel attended public schools, Romona School, Locust Junior High School and he and his brothers attended summer camp in Israel, including the summer following the June 1967 Six-Day War. Ezekiel has written that their father did not believe in building his sons self-esteem by purposefully letting us win. About Rahm, he wrote, Though fiercely intelligent. He was not naturally inclined to sit at a desk and put in effort to turn a B into an A. As my father said, without noting that the phrase applied to himself at that same age
12.
Martin O'Malley
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Martin Joseph OMalley is an American politician who was the 61st Governor of Maryland from 2007 to 2015. He previously served as the Mayor of Baltimore from 1999 to 2007, OMalley served as the chair of the Democratic Governors Association from 2011 to 2013, while being governor of Maryland. As governor, in 2011, he signed a law that would make illegal immigrants brought to the United States as children eligible for college tuition. In 2012, he signed a law to legalize same-sex marriage in Maryland, each law was put to a voter referendum in the 2012 general election, and was upheld by the majority of the electorate. He struggled to attract significant support, however, and on February 1,2016, OMalley was born on January 18,1963, in Washington, D. C. the son of Barbara and Thomas Martin OMalley. Thomas later became a Montgomery County-based criminal defense lawyer, and an assistant United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, OMalleys father was of Irish descent, while his mothers ancestry include Irish, German, Dutch and Scottish. He is a descendant of a War of 1812 veteran, and is a member of the General Society of the War of 1812. OMalley attended the Our Lady of Lourdes School in Bethesda and Gonzaga College High School and he graduated from the Catholic University of America in 1985. Later that year, he enrolled in the University of Maryland School of Law, earning his J. D. in 1988, in December 1982, while still in college, OMalley joined the Gary Hart presidential campaign for the 1984 election. In late 1983, he volunteered to go to Iowa where he phone-banked, organized volunteers, played guitar and sang at small fundraisers and other events. In 1986, while in law school, OMalley was named by Congresswoman Barbara Mikulski as state director for her successful primary. He served as a fellow in Mikulskis office in 1987 and 1988. Later that year, he was hired as an assistant States Attorney for the City of Baltimore, in 1990, OMalley ran for the Maryland State Senate in the 43rd Senate District. He challenged one-term incumbent John A. Pica in the Democratic primary and he was considered an underdog when he first filed to run, but came out of nowhere to lead Pica on election night. Eventually he lost when absentee ballots were counted, in 1991, he was elected to the Baltimore City Council representing the 3rd District and served from 1991 to 1999. As Councilman, he served as Chairman of the Legislative Investigations Committee and Chairman of the Taxation, during the 1992 Democratic primaries, he served as Nebraska Senator Bob Kerreys Maryland coordinator. OMalley announced his decision to run for Mayor of Baltimore in 1999 and his entrance into the race was greatly unexpected, and he faced initial difficulties as the only Caucasian candidate for mayor of a city which is predominantly African-American. His strongest opponents in the crowded Democratic primary of seven were former City Councilman Carl Stokes, Baltimore Registrar of Wills Mary Conaway, and Council President Lawrence Bell
13.
Michelle Obama
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Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama is an American lawyer and writer who was First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is married to the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama and she subsequently worked as the Associate Dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago and the Vice President for Community and External Affairs of the University of Chicago Medical Center. Barack and Michelle married in 1992 and have two daughters, Obama campaigned for her husbands presidential bid throughout 2007 and 2008, delivering a keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. As First Lady, Obama became an icon, a role model for women, and an advocate for poverty awareness, nutrition, physical activity. Her mother was a homemaker until Michelle entered high school. The Robinson and Shields families trace their roots to pre-Civil War African Americans in the American South, on her fathers side, she is descended from the Gullah people of South Carolinas Low Country region. Her paternal great-great grandfather, Jim Robinson, was a slave on Friendfield Plantation in South Carolina and her grandfather Fraser Robinson, Jr. built his own house in South Carolina. He and his wife LaVaughn returned to the Low Country after retirement, among her maternal ancestors was her great-great-great-grandmother, Melvinia Shields, a slave on Henry Walls Shields 200-acre farm in Clayton County, Georgia. Melvinias first son, Dolphus T. Shields, was biracial, based on DNA and other evidence, in 2012 researchers said his father was likely 20-year-old Charles Marion Shields, son of her master. Melvinia did not talk to relatives about Dolphus father, Dolphus Shields moved to Birmingham, Alabama after the Civil War, and some of his children migrated to Cleveland, Ohio and Chicago. Her distant ancestry includes Irish and other European roots, in addition, a paternal first cousin once-removed is the African-American Jewish Rabbi Capers Funnye, son of her grandfathers sister. Robinson grew up in a bungalow on Euclid Avenue in Chicagos South Shore community area. Her parents rented an apartment on the second floor from her great-aunt. She was raised in what she describes as a home, with the mother at home. Her elementary school was down the street and they enjoyed playing games such as Monopoly, reading, and frequently saw extended family on both sides. She played piano, learning from her great-aunt who was a piano teacher, the Robinsons attended services at nearby South Shore United Methodist Church. They used to vacation in a cabin in White Cloud. She and her 21-month older brother, Craig, skipped the second grade and her father suffered from multiple sclerosis which had a profound emotional effect on her as she was growing up
14.
Sandra Fluke
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Sandra Kay Fluke is an American attorney and womens rights activist. She later spoke to only Democratic representatives, Fluke supported President Barack Obamas re-election campaign in 2012 and was a featured speaker at the 2012 Democratic National Convention. She ran for the California State Senate seat of Ted Lieu, who vacated the seat to run for the Congressional seat being vacated by Henry Waxman, Sandra Fluke is a native of Saxton, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Richard B. Fluke II, a licensed part-time pastor at a Methodist church, in 2003, Fluke graduated from Cornell University College of Human Ecology with double major in policy analysis and management and feminist, gender & sexuality studies. In April 2012, Fluke became engaged to Adam Mutterperl, according to Flukes state senate campaign website, Sandra and her husband, Adam, live in West Hollywood with their dog, Mr. President. While in New York City, she worked for Sanctuary for Families, I decided I was absolutely not willing to compromise the quality of my education in exchange for my health care. Fluke spent the three years trying to persuade the administration of the Jesuit college to change its policy regarding student contraceptive coverage. She said she had intended to use her testimony before Congress to talk about the effects of the lack of birth control coverage on students at Georgetown and she also represented numerous victims of domestic violence and human trafficking, according to Georgetown University. She also served as president of the Georgetown Law Students for Reproductive Justice student organization, marianne Schnall writes in What Will It Take to Make A Woman President. That Fluke has been recognised for her pro bono representation of victims of domestic violence and human trafficking. Fluke received her Juris Doctor degree, cum laude, from Georgetown in 2012 and she passed the California Bar in July 2012, and was admitted to the California Bar on December 11,2012. Democrats requested that the committee add Sandra Fluke to the first panel, Democratic members criticized the decision not to include Fluke because of the lack of female witnesses at the hearing, which was to examine contraception coverage. A week later, on February 23, the House Democratic Steering, during her testimony, Fluke stated, We did not expect that women would be told in the national media that we should have gone to school elsewhere to receive contraception coverage. We refuse to pick between a quality education and our health, she said and she mentioned friends affected by such policies, citing a friend with polycystic ovary syndrome. Flukes testimony on February 23 did not refer to her own sex life or use of contraceptives, on February 29,2012, radio host Rush Limbaugh referred to Flukes testimony to House Democrats on his show, The Rush Limbaugh Show, calling Fluke a slut and a prostitute. Limbaugh stated, essentially says that she must be paid to have sex—what does that make her and it makes her a slut, right. She wants to be paid to have sex, shes having so much sex she cant afford the contraception. She wants you and me and the taxpayers to pay her to have sex, Fluke responded by saying that she was stunned and outraged by Limbaughs remarks, calling them an attempt to silence me, to silence all of us from speaking about the healthcare we need
15.
Elizabeth Warren
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Elizabeth Ann Warren is an American academic and politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party, and is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts. Warren was formerly a professor of law, and taught at the University of Texas School of Law, the University of Pennsylvania Law School, a prominent scholar specializing in bankruptcy law, Warren was among the most cited in the field of commercial law before starting her political career. Warren is a consumer protection advocate whose scholarship led to the conception. She has written a number of academic and popular works, and is a frequent subject of media interviews regarding the American economy, following the 2008 financial crisis, Warren served as chair of the Congressional Oversight Panel created to oversee the Troubled Asset Relief Program. She later served as Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau under President Barack Obama. During the late 2000s, she was recognized by such as the National Law Journal. In September 2011, Warren announced her candidacy for the U. S. Senate and she won the general election on November 6,2012, becoming the first female Senator from Massachusetts. She was assigned to the Senate Special Committee on Aging, the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, and the Health, Education, Labor, Warren is a leading figure in the Democratic Party and is popular among American progressives. Although she repeatedly stated that she was not running for president, Warren remained neutral during the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries, endorsing presumptive nominee Hillary Clinton only after all fifty states had voted. On July 7, CNN reported that Warren was on a five-person shortlist to be Clintons vice-presidential running mate, however, Clinton eventually chose Tim Kaine. She was their child, with three older brothers. When she was 12, her father, a janitor at Montgomery Ward, had a heart attack—which led to medical bills. Eventually, this led to the loss of their car from failure to make loan payments, to help the family finances, her mother found work in the catalog order department at Sears. When she was 13, Warren started waiting tables at her aunts restaurant and she also won a debate scholarship to George Washington University at the age of 16. Initially aspiring to be a teacher, she left GWU after two years to marry her high school boyfriend, Jim Warren, Warren moved to Houston with her husband, who was a NASA engineer. There she enrolled in the University of Houston, graduating in 1970 with a bachelor of degree in speech pathology and audiology. For a year, she taught children with disabilities in a school, based on an emergency certificate
16.
Bill Clinton
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William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, before that, he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideogically a New Democrat, Clinton is married to Hillary Clinton, who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U. S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and served the Democratic nominee for President in 2016, Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the states education system, Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he was the third-youngest president and the first from the Baby Boomer generation, Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement. After failing to pass health care reform, the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994. Two years later, in 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term, Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, providing health coverage for millions of children. Clinton was acquitted by the U. S. Senate in 1999, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000, the last three years of Clintons presidency. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U. S. Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U. S. President since World War II, since then, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes, such as the prevention of AIDS, in 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti, since leaving office, Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U. S. Presidents. Clinton was born on August 19,1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas and he was the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr. a traveling salesman who had died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy. His parents had married on September 4,1943, but this later proved to be bigamous. Soon after their son was born, his mother traveled to New Orleans to study nursing, leaving her son in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store. At a time when the Southern United States was segregated racially, in 1950, Bills mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr. who owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks. The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950, although he immediately assumed use of his stepfathers surname, it was not until Clinton turned fifteen that he formally adopted the surname Clinton as a gesture toward his stepfather. In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs High School—where he was a student leader, avid reader
17.
Scarlett Johansson
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Scarlett Johansson is an American actress, model and singer. She made her debut in the fantasy comedy North. Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo, and garnered acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer. She shifted to roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring and Lost in Translation. Since 2010, Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and she won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge. As a singer, Johansson has released two albums, Anywhere I Lay My Head and Break Up, Johansson is considered one of Hollywoods modern sex symbols, and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world. As of February 2017, she is the actress of all time in North America. In 2016, she added another $1.2 billion to that box office record and her father, Karsten Johansson, is an architect originally from Copenhagen, Denmark, and her paternal grandfather, Ejner Johansson, was an art historian, screenwriter, and director. Her mother, Melanie Sloan, a producer, comes from an Ashkenazi Jewish family from the Bronx, Sloans ancestors were Jewish immigrants from Poland and Minsk in the Russian Empire. Scarlett Johansson has a sister, Vanessa, also an actress, an older brother, Adrian, a twin brother, Hunter. She holds both United States and Danish passports and citizenship, Johansson grew up in a household with little money, and with a mother who was a film buff. She and her brother attended PS41 elementary school in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan. Johansson began her training by attending and graduating from Professional Childrens School in Manhattan in 2002. Johansson began acting during childhood, after her mother started taking her to auditions and she would audition for commercials but took rejection so hard her mother began limiting her to film tryouts. She made her debut at the age of 9, as John Ritters daughter in the fantasy comedy North. Following minor roles in the mystery thriller Just Cause, as the daughter of Sean Connery and Kate Capshaw, and If Lucy Fell, she played the role of Amanda in Manny & Lo. Her performance in Manny & Lo garnered a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Female, after appearing in minor roles in Fall and Home Alone 3, Johansson garnered widely spread attention for her performance in the film The Horse Whisperer, directed by Robert Redford. She received a nomination for the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Most Promising Actress for the film, in 1999, she appeared in My Brother the Pig and in the neo-noir Coen brothers film The Man Who Wasnt There
18.
Caroline Kennedy
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Caroline Bouvier Kennedy is an American author, attorney, and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Japan from 2013 to 2017. She is a prominent member of the Kennedy family and the surviving child of President John F. Kennedy. The following year, Caroline, her mother, and brother settled on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, Kennedy graduated from Radcliffe College and worked at Manhattans Metropolitan Museum of Art, where she met her future husband, exhibit designer Edwin Schlossberg. She went on to receive a J. D. degree from Columbia Law School, most of Kennedys professional life has spanned law and politics, as well as education reform and charitable work. She has also acted as a spokesperson for her familys legacy, congresswoman Kirsten Gillibrand ultimately replaced Clinton as the junior New York Senator. In 2013, President Obama appointed her as ambassador to Japan, Caroline Bouvier Kennedy was born on November 27,1957, at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center in Manhattan to John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy. A year before Carolines birth, her parents had a daughter named Arabella. Caroline had two brothers, John Jr. who was born just before her third birthday, and Patrick. Caroline lived with her parents in Georgetown, Washington, D. C. during the first three years of her life, when Caroline was three years old, the family moved to the White House when her father was sworn in as President of the United States. Caroline frequently attended kindergarten in classes that were organized by her mother, one such photo in a news article inspired singer-songwriter Neil Diamond to write his Top Ten hit song, Sweet Caroline—which he revealed when he performed it for her 50th birthday. As a small child, Caroline received numerous gifts from dignitaries, including a puppy from Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, historians described Carolines childhood personality as a trifle remote and a bit shy at times yet remarkably unspoiled. Shes too young to realize all these luxuries, her grandmother, Rose Kennedy. She probably thinks its natural for children to go off in their own airplanes, but she is with her cousins, and some of them dance and swim better than she. They do not allow her to take special precedence and that evening, the children were brought back to the White House, and while Caroline was in her bed, Shaw broke the news to her. Shaw soon found out that Jacqueline had wanted to be the one to tell the children, on December 6, two weeks after the assassination, Jacqueline and the children moved out of the White House, back to Georgetown. Their new home became a popular tourist attraction and they moved from Washington to a penthouse apartment at 1040 Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan the following year. In 1967, Caroline christened the U. S. Navy aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy in a widely publicized ceremony in Newport News, Virginia. Over that summer, Jacqueline took the children on a sentimental journey to Ireland
19.
Brian Schweitzer
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Brian David Schweitzer is an American politician who served as the 23rd Governor of Montana from January 5,2005 to January 7,2013. Schweitzer served for a time as chair of the Western Governors Association as well as the Democratic Governors Association and he also served as president of the Council of State Governments. Schweitzer was born in Havre, Montana, the fourth of six children of Kathleen Helen and his paternal grandparents were ethnic Germans from Kuchurhan in the Odessa Oblast, his maternal grandparents were Irish. He is a first cousin, once removed, of entertainer Lawrence Welk, upon finishing school, Schweitzer worked as an irrigation developer on projects in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. He spent several years working in Libya and Saudi Arabia, and he returned to Montana in 1986 to launch a ranching and irrigation business in Whitefish. Bill Clinton appointed Schweitzer to the United States Department of Agriculture as a member of the Montana USDA Farm Service Agency Committee, while working for the USDA, he was appointed to the Montana Rural Development Board and the National Drought Task Force. In 2000, Schweitzer ran for the U. S. Senate to challenge Republican incumbent Conrad Burns, Burns faced a difficult re-election campaign. In February 1999, he announced that he would break his 1988 promise to hold office for two terms, claiming Circumstances have changed, and I have rethought my position. Later that same month, while giving a speech about U. S. dependence on oil to the Montana Equipment Dealers Association. Burns soon apologized, saying he became too emotionally involved during the speech, Burns faced trouble regarding deaths from asbestos in Libby, Montana. While he initially supported a bill to limit compensation in cases, he withdrew his support for the bill, under public criticism. While Burns attempted to link Schweitzer with presidential candidate Al Gore, Schweitzer primarily challenged Burns on the issue of prescription drugs, organizing busloads of senior citizens to take trips to Canada and Mexico for cheaper medicine. Burns charged that Schweitzer favored Canadian-style government controls and claimed that senior citizens went to doctors to have somebody to visit with. Schweitzer lost narrowly to Burns, 51%-47%, despite being outspent 2-to-1, when incumbent Governor Judy Martz announced she would not run for re-election in 2004, Schweitzer announced his candidacy. His running mate was John Bohlinger, a Republican state senator and he won the general election by defeating Montana Secretary of State Bob Brown 50%-47%. Schweitzer won re-election to a term by a landslide, 66%-33%. Both while campaigning and as governor, Schweitzer became known for a public persona. The governors dog, a Border Collie named Jag, regularly accompanied him on days at the Capitol
20.
Patty Murray
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Patricia Lynn Patty Murray is the senior United States Senator from the State of Washington and a member of the Democratic Party. Murray was first elected to the Senate in 1992, becoming Washingtons first female senator, Murray was re-elected in 1998,2004,2010, and 2016. Murray has served as the Senate Majority Conference Secretary from 2007 until 2017, making her the fourth-highest-ranking Democrat, in 2017 Murray became the Senate Assistant Minority Leader, making her the third-highest-ranking Democrat and still the highest-ranking woman in the Senate. Murray chaired the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee from 2001 to 2003, Murray chaired the Senate Budget Committee from 2013 to 2015. She also previously served as co-chair of the United States Congress Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction, beginning in January 2015, Murray will be the Ranking Democratic Member on the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions. She is currently the 9th most senior member of the United States Senate, on December 10,2013, Murray and Republican Representative Paul Ryan announced that they had negotiated a two-year, bipartisan budget, known as the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013. One of seven children, Murray was born in Bothell, Washington and her father served in World War II and was awarded a Purple Heart. Her ancestry includes Welsh, Irish, Scottish, and French-Canadian, when she was a teenager, her family was forced to apply for welfare assistance when her father became disabled by the onset of multiple sclerosis. He had previously been the manager of a five-and-ten store and she attended Saint Brendan Catholic School as a young child. Murray received her Bachelor of Arts degree in education from Washington State University in 1972. She was a teacher for several years and taught a parenting class at Shoreline Community College from 1984–87. As a citizen-lobbyist for environmental and educational issues, she says she was told by a state representative that she could not make a difference because she was just a mom in tennis shoes. The phrase stuck, and she used it in her successful campaigns for Shoreline School District Board of Directors, Washington State Senate. Murray was successful in gathering support to strike down proposed preschool program budget cuts. Her 1988 State Senate campaign was successful and she unseated two-term incumbent Republican Bill Kiskaddon, Murray argued that the bill should be passed in order to help the tourism industry in the area, but protecting the lookout point in question. The bill would be a small step in what will be a very long recovery. Murray was referring to the recovery of the area from the casualties, the bill passed in both the House and the Senate. In October 2002, Murray was one of 21 Democrats in the Senate to vote against the War Authoritization for invading Iraq, quoted from her Senate speech, Mr. President, if we do take action in Iraq, there is no doubt that our armed forces will prevail
21.
Barbara Mikulski
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Barbara Ann Mikulski is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Maryland from 1987 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, she served in the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1987. She is the woman in the history of the United States Congress and is the longest-serving senator in Maryland history. Raised in the Highlandtown neighborhood of East Baltimore, Mikulski attended Mount Saint Agnes College, originally a social worker and community organizer, she was elected to the Baltimore City Council in 1971 after delivering a highly publicized address on the ethnic movement in America. She was elected to the federal House of Representatives in 1976, from the death of Senator Daniel Inouye in December 2012 until 2015, Mikulski chaired the Senate Appropriations Committee, the first woman and first Marylander to hold the position. At her retirement, she was the ranking minority member and she also served on the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee and the Select Committee on Intelligence. After five terms in the Senate, on March 2,2015, Mikulski was born and raised in the Highlandtown neighborhood of East Baltimore, the eldest of the three daughters of Christine Eleanor and William Mikulski. Her parents were both of Polish descent, her immigrant great-grandparents had owned a bakery in Baltimore, during her high school years at the Institute of Notre Dame, she worked in her parents grocery store, delivering groceries to elderly neighbors who were unable to leave their homes. She worked as a worker for Catholic charities and Baltimores Department of Social Services, helping at-risk children. Mikulski became an activist social worker when she heard about plans to build Interstate 70 through Baltimores Fells Point and she helped organize communities on both sides of the city and successfully fought to stop the construction of the road. Mikulski first received attention in 1970, because of her remarks at a conference at The Catholic University of America regarding “Ethnic Americans”. Her message became one of the documents of the “ethnic movement”. Mikulskis activism led to a seat on the Baltimore City Council in 1971 and she was instrumental in solidifying democratizing reforms to the national delegate selection process. She then ran for the U. S. Senate in 1974, although well-known to residents in her city, Mikulski had limited name recognition in the rest of the state. As an advocate for campaign finance reform, Mathias refused to accept any contribution over $100 to avoid the curse of big money that has led to so much trouble in the last year. However, he managed to raise over $250,000. Ideologically, Mikulski and Mathias agreed on issues, such as closing tax loopholes. On two issues, however, Mathias argued to reform Congress and the U. S. tax system to address inflation and corporate price fixing, contrary to Mikulski
22.
Charlie Crist
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Charles Joseph Charlie Crist Jr. is an American attorney and politician who is the U. S. Representative for Floridas 13th congressional district and he had also previously served as the 44th Governor of Florida from 2007 to 2011. After initially leading in the race for the Republican nomination, he was overtaken in the polls by Marco Rubio, in the general election, he lost to Rubio in a three-way race, taking 30% of the vote to Rubios 49% and Democratic nominee Kendrick Meeks 20%. Crists term as Governor ended in January 2011, on December 7,2012, he joined the Democratic Party, having endorsed President Barack Obama for re-election in 2012. On November 1,2013, he announced that he was running for governor in the 2014 election, however, he was defeated by incumbent Governor Rick Scott, losing by a 1% margin. In 2016 Crist was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Floridas 13th congressional district, defeating incumbent David Jolly by a margin of 52%-48%. Crist was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania on July 24,1956, to Charles Joseph Crist, Sr. an American physician of Greek Cypriot and Lebanese descent, and Nancy, of Scots-Irish, Swiss and his family name is adapted from the original Greek name Christodoulou. Crist moved to St. Petersburg, Florida, as a child, where he attended Riviera Middle School and he is the second of four children and has three sisters, Margaret Crist Wood, Elizabeth Crist Hyden, and Catherine Crist Kennedy. He attended Wake Forest University for two years, where he played quarterback for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team, Crist earned his undergraduate degree from Florida State University where he was elected Vice President of the student body and became a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He received his J. D. from Samford University Cumberland School of Law, drawn to politics, Crist was a candidate for public office for the first time in 1986, as a Republican, in the primary race for a state Senate seat in Pinellas County. Crist was elected to a term to the Florida Senate in 1992 from the 20th District. Crist defeated longtime incumbent Democratic State Senator Helen Gordon Davis of Tampa,58.3 to 41. 7%, Crist was able to unseat Gordon Davis following the 1992 decennial redistricting process, which significantly reconfigured the districts in the Tampa Bay area. He was known as a senator, sponsoring legislation requiring inmates to serve at least 85% of their sentences before becoming eligible for parole. He supported teacher salary increases, charter schools, and a specialty license plate for Everglades conservation, chiles testified before the committee and admitted that his campaign had made the calls. Crist was reelected to the Senate in 1994 to a four-year term, Crist gained recognition in 1998 as the Republican challenger to the incumbent Democratic U. S. He lost to Graham by 26 percentage points and he was elected Education Commissioner of Florida in 2000 – a position he held until it became an appointed office 2003, due to a 1998 constitutional amendment. Crist left his position after he was elected Attorney General, in 2002 Crist was elected as the Attorney General in Florida. He received support of his candidacy from the host of Americas Most Wanted, Walsh and other supporters of his work commented and cited his work with the Center for Missing and Exploited Children
23.
Barack Obama
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Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president and he previously served in the U. S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008, and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004. Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state and he grew up mostly in Hawaii, but also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago, in 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduation, he became a civil rights attorney and professor, Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he ran for the U. S. Senate. In 2008, Obama was nominated for president, a year after his campaign began and he was elected over Republican John McCain, and was inaugurated on January 20,2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, during his first two years in office, Obama signed more landmark legislation than any Democratic president since LBJs Great Society. Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, after a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, Obama increased U. S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the U. S. -Russian New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi, after winning re-election over Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013. Obama also advocated gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning climate change and immigration. In foreign policy, Obama ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. He currently resides in Washington, D. C and his presidential library will be built in Chicago. Obama was born on August 4,1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu and he is the only President to have been born in Hawaii. He was born to a mother and a black father. His mother, Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas, of mostly English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and his father, Barack Obama Sr. was a married Luo Kenyan man from Nyangoma Kogelo. Obamas parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2,1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961, Obamas mother moved him to the University of Washington in Seattle for a year
24.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation
25.
Joe Biden
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Joseph Robinette Joe Biden Jr. is an American politician who was the 47th Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017, having been jointly elected twice with President Barack Obama. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Delaware as a United States Senator from 1973 until becoming Vice President in 2009, Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1942, and lived there for ten years before moving to Delaware. He became an attorney in 1969, and was elected to the New Castle County council in 1970 and he was first elected to the Senate in 1972, and became the sixth-youngest senator in U. S. history. He was re-elected to the Senate six times, and was the fourth most senior senator at the time of his resignation to assume the Vice Presidency in 2009 and he was a long-time member and former chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. He opposed the Gulf War in 1991, but advocated U. S. and he voted in favor of the resolution authorizing the Iraq War in 2002, but opposed the surge of U. S. troops in 2007. He chaired the Judiciary Committee during the contentious U. S. Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork, Biden unsuccessfully sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and in 2008, both times dropping out after lacklucster showings. In the 2008 U. S. presidential election, Barack Obama chose Biden to be his mate in the race. He became the first Roman Catholic, and the first Delawarean, in 2011, he opposed going ahead with the military mission that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden. Obama and Biden were re-elected in 2012, in October 2015, after months of speculation, Biden chose not to run for President of the United States in 2016. On January 12,2017, Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, after leaving office, Biden was named the Benjamin Franklin Presidential Practice professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Biden was born on November 20,1942, at St. Marys Hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania, to Catherine Eugenia Jean Biden and Joseph Robinette Joe Biden Sr. He was the first of four siblings in a Catholic family, with a sister, Valerie and his mother was of either Irish or Northern Irish descent, with roots variously attributed to County Louth or County Londonderry. His paternal grandparents, Mary Elizabeth and Joseph H. Biden, an oil businessman from Baltimore, Maryland, were of English, French and his paternal great-great-great grandfather, William Biden, was born in Sussex, England, and immigrated to the United States. His maternal great-grandfather, Edward Francis Blewitt, was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, Bidens father had been very well-off earlier in his life, but suffered several business reversals by the time his son was born. For several years, the family had to live with Bidens maternal grandparents, when the Scranton area went into economic decline during the 1950s, Bidens father could not find enough work. In 1953, the Biden family moved to an apartment in Claymont, Delaware, Joe Biden Sr. was then more successful as a used car salesman, and the familys circumstances were middle class. He played on the team as well. During these years, he participated in an anti-segregation sit-in at a Wilmington theatre, academically, he was an above-average student, was considered a natural leader among the students, and was elected class president during his junior and senior years
26.
Delaware
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Delaware is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic and/or Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, to the northeast by New Jersey, the state takes its name from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and Virginias first colonial governor. Delaware occupies the portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and is the second smallest, the sixth least populous. Delaware is divided into three counties, the lowest number of counties of any state, from north to south, the three counties are New Castle, Kent, and Sussex. While the southern two counties have historically been agricultural, New Castle County has been more industrialized. Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north. It was initially colonized by Dutch traders at Zwaanendael, near the present town of Lewes, Delaware was one of the 13 colonies participating in the American Revolution. On December 7,1787, Delaware became the first state to ratify the Constitution of the United States, the Delaware Indians, a name used by Europeans for Lenape people indigenous to the Delaware Valley, also derive their name from the same source. The surname de La Warr comes from Sussex and is of Anglo-Norman origin and it came probably from a Norman lieu-dit La Guerre. This toponymic could derive from the Latin word ager, from the Breton gwern or from the Late Latin varectum, the toponyms Gara, Gare, Gaire also appear in old texts cited by Lucien Musset, where the word gara means gore. It could also be linked with a patronymic from the Old Norse verr, Delaware is 96 miles long and ranges from 9 miles to 35 miles across, totaling 1,954 square miles, making it the second-smallest state in the United States after Rhode Island. Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania, to the east by the Delaware River, Delaware Bay, New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean, small portions of Delaware are also situated on the eastern side of the Delaware River sharing land boundaries with New Jersey. The state of Delaware, together with the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the definition of the northern boundary of the state is unusual. Most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania was originally defined by an arc extending 12 miles from the cupola of the courthouse in the city of New Castle and this boundary is often referred to as the Twelve-Mile Circle. This is the only nominally circular state boundary in the United States, to the west, a portion of the arc extends past the easternmost edge of Maryland. The remaining western border runs slightly east of due south from its intersection with the arc, the Wedge of land between the northwest part of the arc and the Maryland border was claimed by both Delaware and Pennsylvania until 1921, when Delawares claim was confirmed. Delaware is on a plain, with the lowest mean elevation of any state in the nation. Its highest elevation, located at Ebright Azimuth, near Concord High School, the northernmost part of the state is part of the Piedmont Plateau with hills and rolling surfaces
27.
Randall Terry
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Randall Almira Terry is an American anti-abortion activist. Terry founded the pro-life organization Operation Rescue, the group became particularly prominent beginning in 1987 for blockading the entrances to abortion clinics, Terry led the group until 1991. He has been arrested more than 40 times, most recently for violating an order from the University of Notre Dame in order to protest a visit by President Barack Obama. In 2003, Terry founded the Society for Truth and Justice, in 1998, he ran for Congress in upstate New York, and in 2006 for a seat in the Florida State Senate, both times losing in the Republican primary. In 1986, Terry was arrested for the first time for chaining himself to a sink at an abortion clinic, Terry was often in the news because of his activities as the leader of Operation Rescue. Terry was named as a co-defendant in the 1994 Supreme Court case, NOW v. Scheidler, Terry settled out of court with the National Organization for Women. Rather than pay the settlement, Terry promptly filed bankruptcy, prompting Senator Charles Schumer to propose an amendment to a bill in Congress which would specifically. Prevent abortion opponents from using the code to escape paying court fines. The amendment was not included in the final bill, in 1998, NOW obtained more than 25,000 frequent flyer miles held by Terry in order to help satisfy a legal judgment. In 1990, Terry helped to organize protests outside the hospital where Nancy Cruzan was a patient, the group Missouri Citizens for Life also was involved in the protests, along with the Rev. Patrick Mahoney, a former Operation Rescue staffer. He was also involved in related to the Terri Schiavo case. In 1998, Randall Terry ran for the United States House of Representatives in Upstate New York, Terry competed with radio station owner William Bud Walker for the Republican nomination to face Democratic incumbent Maurice Hinchey. Terry received the endorsement of Focus on the Family head James Dobson, however, national, Terry was defeated by Walker 53% to 35%, but was the Right to Life Party nominee in the general election. Terry came in place, winning 7% of the vote, with Hinchey and Walker winning 62%. In 2000, Terry and his son Jamiel promoted the candidacy of Steven Forbes in the Republican presidential primary, the two Clinton scripts each contained a disclaimer. One was, Hello friend, Bill Clinton here – not really, the other was This is a celebrity impersonation. Terry used the scripts and the impersonator in 43,000 calls, the no amnesty line was a reference to immigration reform proposals which were an issue in many campaigns during 2006. On September 5,2006, Terry was defeated in the primary, on March 20,2009, the White House announced that President Barack Obama was to speak at the May 17 Commencement of the University of Notre Dame
28.
John Wolfe Jr.
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John McConnell Wolfe Jr. is an American attorney and perennial political candidate. He challenged President Barack Obama for the Democratic Partys 2012 presidential nomination and he ultimately emerged as the most successful challenger, receiving the second-highest number of delegates and popular votes. Wolfe made a bid in 1998 for the Democratic congressional nomination in Tennessees 3rd district. In 2001, he ran for Mayor of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and received 2. 8% of the vote in that race, in 2002, he lost a second congressional bid in the 3rd District to then-U. S. Representative Zach Wamp, and garnered 34% of the vote as the Democratic nominee, Wolfe faced Wamp again in a 2004 congressional rematch, and was again defeated, this time acquiring 33% of the vote. In 2007, he ran unsuccessfully in an election for a Tennessee State Senate seat. Wolfe was fined $10,000 in 2008 after he failed to file a campaign finance disclosure report for his 2007 State Senate campaign with the state as required by law. Until it is paid, Wolfe is barred from qualifying for election in any Tennessee state or local office, in 2010, he ran for Congress in Tennessees 3rd district, and lost to Chuck Fleischmann 57%-28%. Wolfe has also made two runs for the Democratic presidential primaries, in 2012 and in 2016, in 1998 Wolfe ran, unsuccessfully, in the Democratic primary for Tennessees 3rd congressional district. In the 2002 race for Tennessees 3rd district, Wolfe was the Democratic challenger to incumbent Republican Zach Wamp, below is the result of the general election In 2004 Wolfe again was nominated to run against Wamp for Tennessees 3rd congressional district. Wolfe, however, was able to garner a greater number and he ultimately lost to Chuck Fleischmann 57% to 28%. Wolfe faced three candidates for the Democratic nomination. The three other candidates on the August 2010 Democratic primary ballots were Alicia Mitchel of Oak Ridge, Brenda Freeman Short of East Ridge, several candidates had dropped-out ahead of the primary, including Tom Humphrey, Paula Flowers of Oak Ridge, and Brent Benedict. Below is the result of the general election Wolfe supports a return to the Glass-Steagall Act to separate speculative activity from commercial banking and he favors the use of Anti-Trust Laws to reduce the size of megabanks, and proposes a tax on financial derivatives. Wolfe is also a critic of the Affordable Care Act, saying that it is oriented primarily toward helping the insurance, instead, he supports Medicare for All. Wolfe took part in the New Hampshire lesser known candidates forum in December 2011 and he qualified for the ballot in the New Hampshire Democratic primary, in which he received 246 votes,0. 4% of the vote total. In addition to New Hampshire, he qualified for presidential primary ballots in the states of Missouri, Louisiana, in the Louisiana primary, Wolfe polled 11. 83% which qualified him to earn a minimum of three delegates to the 2012 Democratic National Convention. In response, Wolfe filed a lawsuit against the party, disputing the claim that he did not qualify to receive the delegates, a poll conducted by Hendrix College of Democrats in Arkansass 4th congressional district showed Wolfe within seven points of Obama there
29.
2008 Democratic National Convention
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The convention was held in Denver, Colorado, from August 25 to August 28,2008, at Pepsi Center. Senator Barack Obama from Illinois gave his speech on August 28 at Invesco Field in what the party called an Open Convention. Denver last hosted the Democratic National Convention in 1908, Obama became the partys first African-American nominee for President. Senator Joe Biden from Delaware was nominated for Vice President, Obama officially received the nomination for President on August 27, when his former opponent, U. S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York, interrupted the official call to move that Obama be selected by acclamation. Senator Joe Biden of Delaware accepted the nomination for Vice President on the same night, Obama accepted his nomination the following night in a speech at INVESCO Field before a record-setting crowd of 84,000 people in attendance. Howard Dean presided over the party in his capacity as Chair of the Democratic National Convention. From the national committee, Leah D. Daughtry served as executive of the Democratic National Convention Committee. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi served as permanent Chair of the Convention, sharing in her responsibilities in the convention were three co-chairmen, Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius, Texas State Senator Leticia R. Van de Putte, and Atlanta Mayor Shirley Franklin. The decision was made, according to the party, to maximize momentum for our Democratic ticket in the months of the Presidential election. Customarily, the party of the incumbent President holds its convention after the party has held their meeting. The Democratic National Committee presented themes for each day of the convention, the August 25 theme was One Nation. The August 26 theme was Renewing Americas Promise while its August 27 theme was Securing Americas Future, the August 28 theme highlights Obamas campaign motto, Change We Can Believe In. Featured speakers crafted their messages to the theme of the day, with close delegate counts for Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, there was early speculation of the first brokered convention in decades. Democratic National Committee Chair Howard Dean sought to avoid such a circumstance, on February 2,2007, the Democratic Party published Call for the 2008 Democratic National Convention, the rules governing the convention. There were 3,409.5 pledged delegates, those committed to vote for a candidate, selected by primary voters. The superdelegates consisted of DNC members, Democratic Congress members and Governors, fixed numbers of delegates were allocated for American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and Democrats Abroad. The delegate population must reflect the ethnic distribution, and at least 50% of the delegates must be women
30.
2016 Democratic National Convention
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The 2016 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention, held at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from July 25 through to July 28,2016. Her running mate, Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia, was chosen by delegates as the nominee for vice president by acclamation. Delegates at the convention adopted a party platform, through a voice vote, to take to the 2016 elections. The progressive shift was often credited to Sanders and the influence of members appointed by him. The platform featured a focus on issues, such as Wall Street reform, stronger financial regulation. Senator Elizabeth Warren delivered the address of the convention, with First Lady Michelle Obama. Former President Bill Clinton served as headlining speaker on the second day, while Vice President Joe Biden. Clintons speech was generally well-received, and she would go on to have a 7% convention bounce in national polling, various performers also appeared during the convention, including Demi Lovato, Alicia Keys, Lenny Kravitz and Katy Perry. The live announcer for the four day event was Sylvia Villagran, the convention was not without controversy, as it was subject to various conflicts between supporters of the presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders and the Democratic Party. Schultz subsequently resigned as chair of the Committee, and thus as chair of the Democratic National Convention, in 2016, the Republican and Democratic conventions were held in late July before the Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics, instead of after the Olympics as in 2008 and 2012. One reason why the Republican Party scheduled its convention in July was to avoid a longer. The Democrats then followed suit, scheduling their convention the week after the Republicans convention, Philadelphia was selected as the host city on February 12,2015. The primary venue was the Wells Fargo Center, the Pennsylvania Convention Center was also used, the last convention held in Philadelphia was the 2000 Republican National Convention, the last time the city hosted the Democratic Convention was in 1948. Philadelphia was selected over finalists Columbus, New York City, Birmingham, Cleveland, edward G. Rendell, the former mayor of Philadelphia and governor of Pennsylvania, played a crucial role in securing Philadelphia as the host city. The Host Committee is composed of 10 prominent Philadelphia business executives, civic, the Reverend Leah Daughtry is the CEO. A cache of more than 19,000 e-mails was leaked on July 22,2016 and this caused Democratic National Committee chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz to resign. Julian Assange, the founder of Wikileaks, timed the release of the e-mails to occur shortly before the Democratic convention in hopes of maximizing its impact, by May 19,2016, five organized groups of Sanders supporters had applied for demonstration permits from the Philadelphia police department. However, on July 22, the union and American Airlines reached an agreement, the city of Philadelphia expected 35,000 to 50,000 protesters throughout the convention
31.
United States presidential election, 2012 timeline
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The following is a timeline of major events leading up to the United States presidential election of 2012. The election was the 57th quadrennial United States presidential election and was held on November 6,2012, october 12 – Secretary of State and 2008 presidential challenger Hillary Clinton declares she will not challenge President Barack Obama in the 2012 election campaign. The Republican Party made historic gains in the United States House of Representatives and they also gained six gubernatorial seats, as well as historic gains in state legislatures The 2010 Census changes the Electoral College vote apportionment for the election for 18 states. February 28 – The Tea Party Patriots straw poll is won by Ron Paul, march 23 – Fred Karger officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party. S. S. S. July 21 – Buddy Roemer officially announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Republican Party August 12 – Republican candidates debate is held in Iowa. Bachmann, Cain, Gingrich, Huntsman, Paul, Pawlenty, Romney, August 13 – Texas Governor Rick Perry officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party. Bachmann, Cain, Gingrich, Huntsman, Perry, Paul, Romney, representative Thaddeus McCotter announces his withdrawal from the race for the Republican presidential nomination September 22 – Republican candidates debate is held in Orlando, Florida. Sponsors, Fox News, Google and Florida Republican Party, participants, Bachmann, Cain, Gingrich, Huntsman, Johnson, Perry, Paul, Romney, and Santorum September 26 – Herman Cain wins Florida 5 straw poll. Sponsored by Bloomberg, The Washington Post and WBIN-TV, sponsored by CNN and the Western Republican Leadership Conference. November 5— Herman Cain wins Sioux Falls Straw Poll November 9— Republican candidates debate on CNBC at Oakland University in Rochester, sponsored by CNBC and the Michigan Republican Party November 22- Republican candidates debate on CNN in Washington, D. C. However, later counts show Rick Santorum with a lead in the popular vote. Later, Ron Paul picks up a majority of delegates at the states convention, the Iowa Democratic caucuses are won by Barack Obama. January 20 - Beginning of new presidential term. C
32.
United States presidential debates, 2012
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The bipartisan Commission on Presidential Debates held four debates for the 2012 U. S. Four candidates achieved the first two criteria, Democratic nominee Barack Obama, Green nominee Jill Stein, Libertarian nominee Gary Johnson, and Republican nominee Mitt Romney. Only Obama and Romney also satisfy the criterion of averaging 15% in five selected national polls. The moderators for the debates were announced on August 13,2012, all four debates took place between 9 p. m. and 10,30 p. m. EDT. Subsequently, on October 3,2012, both campaigns executed a memorandum of understanding governing technical and administrative details of the debate. m. and 10,30 p. m. EDT. Four third party candidates — Rocky Anderson, Virgil Goode, Gary Johnson, Mitt Romney and Barack Obama were also invited, but did not participate. Jill Stein and Gary Johnson were selected for the second debate using Instant run-off voting, the debate was hosted by RT. On October 28, the date of this debate was changed to November 5 due to Hurricane Sandy, moderator, Ralph Nader Video, Video on YouTube Second Free and Equal Elections Foundation debate Monday, November 5, RT America studio, Washington, D. C. Moderator, Thom Hartmann - RT Video, RT, Video on YouTube The first presidential debate took place on Wednesday, October 3 at Colorados University of Denver, and was moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. According to the memorandum of understanding agreed to by both campaigns prior to the debate, and announced to the prior to the start. However, due to candidate responses extending beyond the limit, the last few segments were markedly shorter, both candidates spoke in front of a podium. Other than applause at the beginning and end of the debate, more than 67 million Americans watched the debate, making it the most widely viewed first presidential debate in 32 years. A CBS poll of uncommitted voters found that 46% thought that Romney had done better, 22% thought Obama had done better, time Magazines Joe Klein stated, It was, in fact, one of the most inept performances I’ve ever seen by a sitting President. The primary critiques of Obamas performance were that he looked detached, seldom addressed his opponent directly, several independent fact checkers noted that a number of factual discrepancies were found in various statements made by both Obama and Romney in the debate. But Obama did it a little less, the performance of Jim Lehrer as the moderator was widely criticized for frequently allowing the candidates to speak over their time limits. He said that he intended to have a format and was not trying to restrict the candidates. Fox News wrote, The only consolation President Barack Obama had for his poor showing during Wednesday’s debate was that moderator Jim Lehrer did even worse, dan Abrams of ABC News tweeted, Regardless of who is winning this debate, Jim Lehrer is losing. Lehrer defended his performance saying, I’ve always said this and finally I had a chance to demonstrate it, The moderator should be seen little and it is up to the candidates to ask the follow-up questions and challenge one another
33.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
34.
Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2012
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During the 2012 United States presidential election,51 individuals sought the nomination of the Democratic Party. As expected for the incumbent president, Obama won every primary election, fifteen additional candidates appeared on primary ballots, and of these, four appeared on more than one ballot. Four qualified for convention delegates including, attorney John Wolfe, Jr. prison inmate Keith Russell Judd, perennial candidate Jim Rogers, each of these had their delegates stripped prior to the convention due to technicalities. Thirty-six additional candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for president, the following individuals formally announced their campaigns for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in 2012 and/or filed as a candidate for such with the Federal Election Commission. The following candidates appeared on more than one primary ballot, the following candidates appeared on only one primary ballot. The following presidential candidates filed with the FEC, but either did not appear on any primary ballots or withdrew before the primary elections, the following individuals were the object of presidential speculation in past media reports, but did not signal an interest in running. The following individuals speculated to run for the Democratic Partys 2012 presidential nomination, announced they would not run
35.
Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2012
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President Barack Obama won the Democratic Party nomination by securing more than the required 2,383 delegates on April 3,2012 after a series of primary elections and caucuses. He was formally nominated by the 2012 Democratic National Convention on September 5,2012, in Charlotte, the general expectation was that, with President Barack Obama having the advantage of incumbency and being the only viable candidate running, the race would be merely pro forma. Several of the candidates made efforts to raise visibility. Some Occupy movement activists made an attempt to take over the Iowa caucuses, with eight minor candidates on the ballot in New Hampshire, there was a debate at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire on December 19,2011, in which seven candidates participated. Pro-life activist Randall Terry bought time on television in order to show graphic commercials denouncing abortion, three candidates – other than Obama – who had been on the ballot in New Hampshire were also on the ballot in Missouri. One such candidate, Randall Terry, attempted to air graphic TV commercials during Super Bowl XLIV, the Democratic National Committee also tried to stop the ads by claiming that Terry was not a legitimate Democratic candidate even though he was legally on the ballot. A state administrative judge upheld a subpoena, which was ignored by the President, in February 2012, the activists legal challenge was rejected by a Georgia state law judge and by the Secretary of State of Georgia, and Obama remained listed on the primary ballot. Shortly thereafter, attorney John Wolfe, Jr. won 42% of the vote in Arkansas after widespread speculation that Wolfe could possibly pull off an upset of the state. Randall Terry also attempted to contest the Kansas caucus, but was denied a spot on the ballot after the states Democratic Party determined that he didnt meet the requirements. Darcy Richardson suspended his bid for the nomination on April 28,2012 and he still appeared on the ballot in Texas and was an eligible write-in candidate in California after suspending his campaign. W. Bush was challenged by Pat Buchanan, Obama was on the ballot in all states, where he ran mostly unopposed. S. In addition, fixed numbers of delegates are allocated to Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U. S. Virgin Islands, States are awarded bonus pledged delegates if they schedule their primary or caucus later in the primary season. Those states with April dates are awarded a 10 percent increase, and starting on March 20, a 15 percent bonus is awarded when clusters of three or more neighboring states begin on the same day. Because of possible deaths, resignations, or the results of intervening or special elections, some delegates committed to candidates other than the President, have not been permitted to be elected in contested primaries, for administrative reasons. * - Unopposed # - Primary Canceled Notes Floridas legislature set the date for its primary on January 31, Randall Terry collected 18% of the votes, winning twelve counties, in the Oklahoma primary, qualifying him for seven delegates to the 2012 Democratic National Convention. Jim Rogers collected 13% of the votes, winning three counties, qualifying him for three delegates, New Hampshire A Democratic presidential candidates debate, held at Saint Anselm College in December 2011, was attended by seven candidates, Obama did not participate. A total of 60,659 votes were cast in the primary, the total votes cast were more than 30 percent fewer than in 1996, the last time that a Democratic president ran for re-election without significant opposition. Oklahoma Louisiana Missouri Arkansas United States presidential election 2012 Democratic National Convention Republican Party presidential primaries,2012
36.
Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012
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The 2012 reelection campaign of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was formally announced on April 4,2011. Along with his mate, Vice President Joe Biden, Obama was opposed in the general election by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney. The election took place on Tuesday, November 6,2012, Obamas campaign headquarters was in Chicago and key members of his successful campaign in 2008, such as Jim Messina and David Axelrod, returned to staff it. On the day of the announcement, the released a promotional video showing supporters of Obama organizing for the re-election effort. As The Guardian newspaper noted, this was the first U. S. presidential re-election campaign to use Facebook, between early-2011 and June 30,2012, the Obama campaign and supporters spent approximately $400 million, according to the Federal Election Commission. Obama won his bid by a margin of 51. 06–47. 21%. On January 20,2009, Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States, on April 4,2011, President Obama officially announced his candidacy for re-election. The announcement was made via a video titled It Begins With Us. The President also filled out official forms with the FEC at that time, President Obama did not face a significant challenge in the Democratic primaries, with no other candidate on the ballot in all but seven states. On April 3,2012, Obama won the Maryland and District of Columbia primaries, on April 30,2012 the campaign announced that its slogan would be Forward. The campaign was based in Chicago in One Prudential Plaza, instead of in Washington, the decision to base the campaign outside of Washington was said have been taken so as to ensure grassroots support for the re-election. The campaign began accepting online donations on April 4,2011, in the first 24 hours after online donations began to be accepted, over 23,000 online donations of $200 or less were made. President Obama headlined his first campaign fundraiser in April 2011 in Chicago and he also headlined fundraisers in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York in April 2011. On April 29,2011, it was announced that Matthew Barzun, many sources claim that the campaign may be the first campaign in U. S. history to raise more than one billion dollars. In March 2011, Campaign Chairman Jim Messina asked a group of 450 top donors to raise $350,000, during the second fundraising quarter of 2011, the campaign raised a record amount of $86,000,000. As of May 3,2012, Obama and his team have held 130 fundraisers, from the beginning of the campaign to December 31,2011, more than 1.3 million individual donated to the campaign. The LGBT community had donated an amount so far to the campaign. As of March 31,2012, the campaign had raised $191.7 million, on May 10,2012, Obama attended a fundraiser in the Los Angeles home of actor George Clooney, which raised over $15 million
37.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
38.
Republican Party presidential candidates, 2012
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This article contains lists of notable candidates for the United States Republican Partys 2012 presidential nomination. The following individuals filed with the Federal Election Commission and/or announced their intentions to seek the 2012 presidential nomination of the Republican Party, candidates with an asterisk after their withdrawal date subsequently sought the nomination of another party. See Results of the Republican Party presidential primaries,2012 for more details about the outcome of the primaries, the following people were the object of presidential speculation in media reports in 2011. This gallery does not include people who declined to run
39.
Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012
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The 2012 Republican presidential primaries were the selection processes in which voters of the Republican Party elected state delegations to the Republican National Convention. The national convention then selected its nominee to run for President of the United States in the 2012 presidential election, there were 2,286 delegates chosen, and a candidate needed to accumulate 1,144 delegate votes at the convention to win the nomination. The caucuses allocated delegates to the state delegations to the national convention. Delegates were elected in different ways that vary from state to state and they could be elected at local conventions, selected from slates submitted by the candidates, selected at committee meetings, or elected directly at the caucuses and primaries. The primary contest began in 2011 with a wide field. However, he lacked support from the conservative wing and the media narrative became. Several candidates rose in the polls throughout the year, however, the field was down to four candidates by February 2012, Former House speaker Newt Gingrich, U. S. Congressman Ron Paul, former Governor Romney and former U. S and it was the first presidential primary to be affected by a Supreme Court ruling that allowed unlimited independent expenditures to support or oppose candidates through super PACs. Three different candidates won the first three contests, Santorum, who had been running a one-state campaign in Iowa, narrowly won in that states caucuses by a handful of votes over Romney. Romney won New Hampshire, but lost South Carolina to Gingrich, Super Tuesday primaries took place on March 6. With ten states voting and 391 delegates being allocated, it had less than half the potential impact of its 2008 predecessor, Romney carried six states and Santorum three, while Gingrich won his home state of Georgia. Twelve more events were held in March, including all of the territorial contests, Santorum suspended his campaign on April 10, a week after losing Wisconsin and two other primaries to Romney. Gingrich followed suit on May 2, after the Republican National Committee declared Romney the presumptive nominee on April 25, on May 14, Paul announced that he would suspend funding the remaining primary contests and devote his resources to winning delegates at state conventions. He then won majorities in delegations of three states whose non-binding primaries had been in favor of other candidates, with his subsequent victories in California and several smaller states, Romney surpassed a majority of bound delegates on June 5. Romney chose congressman Paul Ryan to be his running mate but they went on to lose the election to incumbent President Barack Obama. Delegate Hard Count, This only included bound delegates that had to vote for a candidate if they supported another candidate. Delegate Soft Count, This only included delegates allocated at the primaries and it did not include any projections on future local conventions or the 117 unbound RNC delegates that were not a part of the primary election process. A breakdown of this count is found in the Primary Schedule below
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