1.
2011 in Iran
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Events in the year 2011 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. January 9 – Iran Air Flight 277 crashes with 100 people on board near Orumiyeh in the northeast of the country, january 23 – President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad designed Ali Akbar Salehi, then acting Foreign Minister to the Parliament to succeed Manouchehr Mottaki who was dismissed on December. February 11 – Iran marks the 32nd anniversary of its Revolution, February 11 – Iranian opposition leader Mehdi Karroubi is placed under house arrest after calling for demonstrations in support of the uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia. February 13 – Opposition leaders in Iran call for nationwide anti-government rallies on Monday, February 15 – Iranian politicians call for the execution of opposition leaders. February 22 – The Iran Navy sends two ships through the Suez Canal for the first time since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, February 28 – Iran confirms that it is holding two Opposition leaders Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi under house arrest. March 25 – The Government of Iran rejects a United Nations Human Rights Council investigation into alleged human rights abuses, may 6 - Irans supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei issues an ultimatum to the President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to accept his intervention in a cabinet appointment or resign. May 15 - Sepahan F. C. won their championship in Iran Pro League. June 1 – Irans parliament finds that the President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad acted illegally by appointing himself as Oil Minister, june 12 – The United Nations Security Council reports that Iran is buying foreign banks and money-exchange bureaus to sidestep economic sanctions. June 12 –2011 Iranian protests, Iranian authorities disperse and arrest protesters in the capital Tehran marking the anniversary of the re-election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as President. June 28 – Iran tests 14 surface-to-surface missiles on the day of war games. July 18 – Iranian athlete and Irans Strongest Man Rouhollah Dadashi is killed in a fight which started as an argument with another driver, two of them are arrested by police. July 23 – Daryoush Rezaei, an Iranian scientist, is shot dead outside his home in Tehran and it was reported that the scientist had links to the countrys nuclear programme. August 3 – The Iranian parliament confirms four new ministers including Rostam Ghasemi as Minister of Petroleum, august 5 –2011 Syrian uprising, Turkey confirms it has seized an Iranian arms shipment to Syria. August 14 – Iran confirms the arrest of the second-in-command of the Kurdistan Workers Party, Murat Karayılan, august 25 – Former Iranian Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi is hospitalized after a heart attack. September 27 – CEOs of Iranian Melli Bank and Saderat Bank resign from their positions as a result of $2.6 billion bank fraud, january 4 – Ali-Reza Pahlavi,44, royal, son of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, suicide by gunshot. January 29 - Zahra Bahrami,45, dual Dutch-Iranian citizen executed on disputed drug trafficking charges. February 14 - Sane Jaleh,26, student, killed in protests February 15 - Mohammad Mokhtari,21, killed in protests March 8 - Iraj Afshar,85, bibliographer, historian, april 16 - Bijan Pakzad,67, designer of menswear and fragrances
2.
2010 in Iran
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Events in the year 2010 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. January 8 – Mehdi Karroubis car is hit by fire in Qazvin, january 12 – Masoud Alimohammadi, an Iranian nuclear physics professor, is killed in a bomb attack in the capital Tehran, Iran state media accuses Israel and the United States of involvement. January 19 – Iran rejects a deal offered by the International Atomic Energy Agency to exchange low-enriched uranium for nuclear fuel, january 23 – A passenger train in Iran derails, killing at least eight people and wounding at least fifteen others. January 24 – Taban Air Flight 6437, A flight operated by Kolavia on behalf of Taban Air crashes on landing at Mashhad International Airport, Iran, january 28 – Iran executes two opposition supporters for their role in the election protests in the country. February 7 – Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad orders his countrys atomic agency to begin enriching uranium to a higher level, february 11 – President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces that Iran is now a nuclear state, following a successful 20% uranium enrichment. March 19 – Former Iranian Vice-President Hossein Marashi is jailed after being accused of spreading propaganda, march 31 – Shahram Amiri, a scientist involved in Irans nuclear program, defects to the United States and begins talking to the Central Intelligence Agency. April 5 – Iran invites 60 countries to a nuclear disarmament conference in Tehran on April 17–18, entitled Nuclear energy for everyone. China says it will attend the conference which invites the world to disarm, April 20 – Speaking in Tehran, Iranian Islamic cleric Hojatoleslam Kazem Sedighi blames promiscuous women for causing earthquakes. April 30 – Iran threatens to cut off Israels feet if Israel attacks Syria, may 24 – Irans largest water supply project is inaugurated in Khorramshahr. June 18 – The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran starts designing a newer, July 9 – Iran announces that women convicted of adultery will no longer face stoning to death after international concern. They may, however, still face the death penalty, July 15 – July 2010 Zahedan bombings, More than 20 people are killed and 100 injured in a suicide attack at a mosque in southeastern Iran. July 23 – President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces plans to launch a shuttle into space by 2019. August 21 – Russian engineers start loading fuel into Irans first nuclear reactor at Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, september 10 – More than 50 people are injured in an oil pipeline blast in northeastern Iran. September 15 – 2009–2010 detention of American hikers by Iran, Iran releases United States hiker Sarah Shourd from Evin Prison following payment of bail. September 28 – Iranian-Canadian blogger Hossein Derakhshan, the founder of one of the first Persian-language blogs, is sentenced to 19 years imprisonment in an Iranian court for anti-state activity, october 13 – Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad visits Lebanon amidst concern from Israel and United States. October 26 – Iran starts loading fuel into the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, november 21 – Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad rejects the countrys once effective family planning program as an ungodly Western import and urges girls to marry at age of 16. November 29 – Iranian nuclear scientist Majid Shahriari is killed and his wife injured, Iran says Western governments and Israel may have carried out the killing. January 3 – Ali Safi Golpaygani,96, Iranian Marja, january 12 – Masoud Alimohammadi,50, Iranian nuclear scientist, bomb blast
3.
2009 in Iran
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Events in the year 2009 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. March 7 – Morocco terminates diplomatic relations with Iran, march 18 – Somali pirates hijack an Iranian fishing vessel in the Gulf of Aden. April 18 – Iranian-American journalist Roxana Saberi is charged with espionage, may 4 – A bus collides with a building in Īlām Province, Iran, killing 28 people and injuring nine others. May 20 – Iran launches a Sejjil-2 medium-range surface-to-surface missile, may 30 – A bomb is discovered and defused aboard a Kish Air flight between Ahvaz and Tehran, Iran. June 12 – Iran goes to the polls for its presidential election, June 13 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is reelected as the President of Iran, although opposition leader Mir-Hossein Mousavi demands a recount. June 20 – A suicide bomb reportedly explodes at the shrine of former Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, June 22 – The Iranian Revolutionary Guard warns that it will crush any further protests. June 23 – The Guardian Council rules out a re-run of the election saying that there was no sign of serious electoral fraud in the June 12 vote. June 24 – Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei declares the recent election result will stand, july 15 – Caspian Airlines Flight 7908, flying from Tehran to Yerevan, Armenia with 153 passengers and 15 crew members on board, crashes in Iran shortly after takeoff. July 24 – Aria Air Flight 1525 crashes in Mashhad, Iran, killing at least 17 people, july 28 – Iran releases 140 people detained in its post-election unrest as the supreme leader orders a prison where jailed protesters were killed be closed. August 3 – Irans Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei formally approves the second-term presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, august 5 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is sworn in as President of Iran for a second term. October 18 –2009 Pishin bombing, a bomber detonated explosives at a meeting in the southeastern Iranian town of Pishin in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The attack killed at least 43 people including several commanders of Irans Revolutionary Guards. The Sunni rebel organization Jundallah claimed responsibility for the attack, november 4 – Around 700 people are injured in two earthquakes in southern Iran. November 9 – Three American hikers detained on the border between Iraqi Kurdistan and Iran are to be charged for espionage by Iranian authorities, november 29 – The Iranian government approves plans to build 10 new uranium enrichment plants. December 28 – Iran declares martial law in Najafabad following a week of protest and 2 days of violence, january 30 – Safar Iranpak,61, Iranian footballer, lung cancer. February 2 – Ezzat Negahban, c, march 21 – Khadijeh Saqafi,93, Iranian widow of religious/political leader Ruhollah Khomeini, after long illness. May 1 – Delara Darabi,22, Iranian convicted murderer, may 15 – Mohammad-Amin Riahi,86, Iranian historian and literary scholar. May 17 – Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani,96, Iranian cleric, June 20 – Neda Agha-Soltan,26, Iranian student, shot
4.
Iran
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Iran, also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a sovereign state in Western Asia. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East, with 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the worlds 17th-most-populous country. It is the country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The countrys central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, Tehran is the countrys capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is the site of to one of the worlds oldest civilizations, the area was first unified by the Iranian Medes in 625 BC, who became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great, under the Sassanid Dynasty, Iran again became one of the leading powers in the world for the next four centuries. Beginning in 633 AD, Arabs conquered Iran and largely displaced the indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism by Islam, Iran became a major contributor to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential scientists, scholars, artists, and thinkers. During the 18th century, Iran reached its greatest territorial extent since the Sassanid Empire, through the late 18th and 19th centuries, a series of conflicts with Russia led to significant territorial losses and the erosion of sovereignty. Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1906, which established a monarchy and the countrys first legislative body. Following a coup instigated by the U. K. Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution, Irans rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and 11th-largest in the world. Iran is a member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC. Its political system is based on the 1979 Constitution which combines elements of a democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a Supreme Leadership. A multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, most inhabitants are Shia Muslims, the largest ethnic groups in Iran are the Persians, Azeris, Kurds and Lurs. Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis, meaning land of the Persians. As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, however, Persis was originally referred to a region settled by Persians in the west shore of Lake Urmia, in the 9th century BC. The settlement was then shifted to the end of the Zagros Mountains. In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, opposition to the name change led to the reversal of the decision, and Professor Ehsan Yarshater, editor of Encyclopædia Iranica, propagated a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably
5.
2013 in Iran
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The following lists events that happened during 2013 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. February 3 - Iran indicates the possibility it will attend talks on its program in Kazakhstan if it believes intentions behind them are authentic. March 2 - Giti Pasand Isfahan winner 2012–13 Iranian Futsal Super League, june 13 - Hassan Rouhani is elected as the seventh president of Iran. November 24 - Iran and six world powers reach an interim nuclear accord that sees Iran limit aspects of its program in exchange for sanctions relief. January 1 - Mojtaba Tehrani,79, Iranian Twelver Marja, january 17 - Homayoun Khorram,82, Iranian violinist, colorectal cancer. January 31 - Hassan Habibi,76, Iranian politician and scholar, Minister of Justice, First Vice President, february 21 - Nazem Ganjapour,69, Iranian footballer. February 24 - Farideh Lashai,68, Iranian contemporary artist, march 31 - Ahmad Sayyed Javadi,95, Iranian political activist and politician, Minister of Justice, Minister of Interior. April 1 - Asal Badiee,35, Iranian actress, april 17 - Dariush Safvat,85, Iranian musician, natural causes. April 20 - Hassan Alavikia,102, Iranian spy chief, may 9 - Sadegh Tirafkan,47, Iranian contemporary artist. May 14 - Mohammad Ezodin Hosseini Zanjani,92, Iranian Islamic prelate, Grand Ayatollah, june 2 - Jalal Al-Din Taheri,87, Iranian Islamic cleric. June 16 - Yousef Madani Tabrizi,85, Iranian Grand Ayatollah, june 17 - Jalil Shahnaz,92, Iranian maestro and Tar master, natural causes. June 21 - Abdol-Aziz Mirza Farmanfarmaian,93, Iranian architect, june 25 - Taghi Rouhani,93, Iranian news anchor. July 16 - Hassan Pakandam,79, Iranian Olympic boxer, august 23 - Nasser Sharify,87, Iranian academic and librarian. August 30 - Lotfi Mansouri,84, Iranian opera director, september 7 - Mehdi Mohammadi,60, Iranian football player and coach, heart attack. October 10 - Kazem Sarikhani,35, Iranian Olympic judoka, Asian champion, october 19 - Mahmoud Zoufonoun,93, Iranian traditional musician, Alzheimers disease. November 5 - Habibollah Asgaroladi,81, Iranian politician and presidential candidate, Leader of Islamic Coalition Party, november 10 - Safdar Rahmat Abadi, Iranian government official, deputy industry minister, shot. December 18 - Büyük Jeddikar,84, Iranian footballer, Alzheimers disease
6.
2014 in Iran
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Events in the year 2014 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. January 20 The United States rejects the invitation of Iran by the United Nations in peace talks involving Syria, certain sanctions against Iran are lifted by the European Union and the United States through a nuclear deal. Implementation of the six-month Geneva interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear program begins, january 30 - Mohammad-Ali Najafi resigns as Head of Irans Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization, marking the first change in President Rouhanis cabinet. February 9 - Iranian officials say that two Iranian Navy warships will be travelling very close to the United States maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean, february 9 - Iran agrees to a United Nations plan to address suspicions that they are working on designing an atomic weapon. March 5 - The Israel Defense Forces captures an Iranian ship carrying long-range artillery rockets to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, may 21 - Six Iranians that were arrested have been released in Tehran after releasing a fan video set to Pharrell Williams Happy, sparking outcries over the internet. May 22 - Negotiations between Iran and Russia regarding the building of two nuclear reactors at Irans Bushehr power plant take place. May 24 - Mahafarid Amir Khosravi is executed for masterminding the largest fraud case in Iran since the 1979 Revolution, June 2 – A massive dust storm strikes Tehran. June 30 – British-Iranian womens rights activist Ghoncheh Ghavami is arrested after being detained on June 20 for attempting to attend a volleyball match between Iran and Italy. Women are forbidden to attend sporting events in Iran. Her detention in Evin Prison continues, july 22 – Washington Post reporter Jason Rezaian and his wife Yeganeh Salehi, a correspondent for The National, are arrested by Iranian authorities. The authorities have not disclosed their whereabouts or welfare, or the reason for their detention, august 10 – Sepahan Airlines Flight 5915 crashes in Tehran. September 5 - Iranian air traffic control requires a plane chartered by US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan to land issues with the flight plan. The flight later resumes without further incident
7.
2015 in Iran
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The following lists events that happened during 2015 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. President, Hassan Rouhani Vice President, Eshaq Jahangiri Supreme Leader, may 7 – Ethnic Kurds riot in Mahabad following the unexplained death on 4 May 2015 of Farinaz Khosravani, a 25-year-old Kurdish hotel chambermaid. Khosravani fell to her death from a window of the Tara. Anger mounted following reports that Khosravani died attempting to escape an Iranian official who was threatening to rape her, the rioters reportedly set fire to the hotel. Unrest and violence spread to other Kurdish cities in Iran, july 14 – Iran agrees to long-term limits of its nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief
8.
2012
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February 19 – Iran suspends oil exports to Britain and France, following sanctions put in place by the European Union and the United States in January. February 21 – Greek government-debt crisis, Eurozone finance ministers reach an agreement on a second, march 13 – After 244 years since its first publication, the Encyclopædia Britannica discontinues its print edition. March 22 – The President of Mali, Amadou Toumani Touré, is ousted in a coup détat after mutinous soldiers attack government offices, april 6 – The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad unilaterally declares the independence of Azawad from Mali. April 12 – Mutinous soldiers in Guinea-Bissau stage a coup détat and take control of the capital city and they arrest interim President Raimundo Pereira and leading presidential candidate Carlos Gomes Júnior in the midst of a presidential election campaign. April 13 – Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3, a North Korean Earth observation satellite, the United States and other countries had called the impending launch a violation of United Nations Security Council demands. The launch was planned to mark the centenary of the birth of Kim Il-sung, april 26 – Former Liberian President Charles Taylor is found guilty on 11 counts of aiding and abetting war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Sierra Leone Civil War. May 2 – A pastel version of The Scream, by the Norwegian painter Edvard Munch, sells for US$120 million in a New York City auction, may 12 – August 12 – The 2012 World Expo takes place in Yeosu, South Korea. May 22 – Tokyo Skytree, the tallest self-supporting tower in the world at 634 metres high, is opened to the public, june 5–6 – The centurys second and last solar transit of Venus occurs. The next pair are predicted to occur in 2117 and 2125, june 24 – Lonesome George, the last known individual of the Pinta Island tortoise subspecies, dies in Galápagos National Park, thus making the subspecies extinct. July 4 – CERN announces the discovery of a new particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson after experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, July 27 – August 12 – The 2012 Summer Olympics are held in London, England, United Kingdom. July 30–31 – In the worst power outage in world history, August 6 – Curiosity, the Mars Science Laboratory missions rover, successfully lands on Mars. The move is met with fierce criticism from other countries. September 11–27 – A series of terrorist attacks are directed against United States diplomatic missions worldwide, as well as missions of Germany, Switzerland. In the US, opinions are divided whether the attacks are a reaction to a YouTube trailer for the film Innocence of Muslims. In Libya, among the dead is US ambassador J. Christopher Stevens, october 16 – Seven paintings worth $25 million are stolen from the Kunsthal in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. November 14–21 – Israel launches Operation Pillar of Defense against the Palestinian-governed Gaza Strip, in the following week 140 Palestinians and five Israelis are killed in an ensuing cycle of violence. November 25 – December 9 – Typhoon Bopha, known as Pablo in the Philippines, the typhoon causes considerable damage in the island of Mindanao. November 29 – The UN General Assembly approves a motion granting Palestine non-member observer state status, December 8 – In Qatar, the UN Climate Change Conference agrees to extend the Kyoto Protocol until 2020
9.
Supreme Leader of Iran
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The armed forces, judicial system, state television, and other key governmental organizations are under the control of the Supreme Leader of Iran. Khamenei also makes the decisions on the amount of transparency in elections in Iran. This post was established by the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran in accordance with the concept of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist. The title Supreme Leader is often used as a sign of respect, however, this terminology is not found in the Constitution, which simply referred to the Leader. The Supreme Leader is more powerful than the President of Iran and appoints the heads of many posts in the military, the civil government. Originally Irans constitution stated that the Supreme Leader must be a Marja-e taqlid, however, in 1989, the constitution was amended to require simply Islamic scholarship of the leader, i. e. the leader could be a lower ranking cleric. In theory, the Supreme Leader is appointed and supervised by the Assembly of Experts, all candidates to the Assembly of Experts, the President and the Majlis, are selected by the Guardian Council, whose members are selected by the Supreme Leader of Iran. As such, the Assembly has never questioned the Supreme Leader, there have been instances when the current Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has publicly criticized members of the Assembly of Experts, resulting in their arrest and dismissal. For example, Khamenei publicly called then-member of the Assembly of Experts Ahmad Azari Qomi a traitor, resulting in Ahmad Azari Qomis arrest, there has also been instances where the Guardian Council reversed its ban for particular people after being ordered to do so by Khamenei. The Supreme Leader is the commander-in-chief of the forces and the provisional Head of the three branches of the state. He appoints and oversees the offices, the President and may also together with a two third majority of the Parliament impeach him. The Chief Justice for a term of 8 years, the members of the Expediency Discernment Council for a term of 5 years,6 of the 12 Members of the Guardian Council from among the members of the Council of Experts the other 6 are chosen by the Parliament. In March 1979, shortly after Ruhollah Khomeini’s return from exile and the overthrow of Irans monarchy, although some groups objected to the wording and choice and boycotted the referendum, 98% of those voting voted yes. The new constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements with much of it based on the ideas Khomeini presented in his work Islamic Government, Governance of the Jurist. In it Khomeini argued that government must be run in accordance with traditional Islamic sharia, and for this to happen a leading Islamic jurist must provide political guardianship over the people. The leading jurist were known as Marja. ” and the importance of the Supreme Leader. ”Article 107 in the constitution mentions Imam Khomeini by name and praises him as the most learned and talented leader for emulation. The responsibilities of the Supreme Leader are vaguely stated in the constitution, as the rest of the clergy governed affairs on a daily basis, the Supreme Leader is capable of mandating a new decision as per the concept of Vilayat-e Faqih. Shortly before Imam Khomeinis death a change was made in the constitution allowing a lower ranking Shia cleric to become Supreme Leader, montazeri was demoted as a marja and Khomeini chose a new successor, a relatively low-ranking member of the clergy, Ali Khamenei
