The 2016–17 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were coached by a 37th-year head coach, Mike Krzyzewski. Starting on January 7, Jeff Capel temporarily took over coaching duties while Krzyzewski recovered from lower back surgery. The Blue Devils played their home games at Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 28–9, 11–7 in ACC play to finish in fifth place. They became the first ACC team to win four games in four days on their way to winning the ACC tournament. They received the ACC's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they defeated Troy in the first round to advance to the second round where they lost to South Carolina.

Michael William Krzyzewski, nicknamed "Coach K", is an American former college basketball coach. He served as the head coach at Duke University from 1980 to 2022, during which he led the Blue Devils to five national titles, 13 Final Fours, 15 ACC tournament championships, and 13 ACC regular season titles. Among men's college basketball coaches, only UCLA's John Wooden has won more NCAA championships (10). Krzyzewski is widely regarded as one of the greatest college basketball coaches of all time.