The 2016–17 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas in the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, which was the Jayhawks' 119th basketball season. The Jayhawks, members of the Big 12 Conference, played their home games at Allen Fieldhouse and were led by 14th year head coach Bill Self. They finished the season 31–5, 16–2 in Big 12 play to win their 13th consecutive Big 12 regular season title, tying UCLA's record for consecutive regular season conference titles. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big 12 tournament to TCU. They received and at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as a No. 1 seed in the Midwest region. The appearance was their 28th consecutive appearance, the longest active streak at the time and the longest ever in NCAA Tournament history. It was the final official appearance in the streak as their tournament appearance in the following season was vacated by the NCAA. In the Tournament, they defeated UC Davis and Michigan State to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. There they defeated Purdue before losing in the Elite Eight to Oregon.

Billy Eugene Self Jr. is an American basketball coach. He is the head men's basketball coach at the University of Kansas, a position he has held since 2003. During his 20 seasons as head coach, he has led the Jayhawks to 17 Big 12 regular season championships, including an NCAA record 14 consecutive Big 12 regular season championships, some of which were shared (2005–2018). He has also led the Jayhawks to four NCAA Final Four appearances, the 2008 NCAA championship and 2022 NCAA championship. Self was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2017. At the end of the 2021–22 season, Self had the 18th most wins among Division I coaches in NCAA history and 4th among active head coaches. He is the second-winningest coach in Kansas history, behind only Hall of Famer Phog Allen and is the only coach in Kansas history to lead Kansas to multiple NCAA Tournament National Championships.