1.
2015 in France
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The following lists events that happened in 2015 in France. President – François Hollande Prime Minister – Manuel Valls January 7 – Gunmen kill 12 people at the headquarters of Charlie Hebdo in Paris. January 8 – One of the suspects in the killings, Hamyd Mourad, January 9 – Gunshots are reported in Dammartin-en-Goele as a manhunt continues for two suspects nearby. January 9 – A hostage situation occurs at a Jewish market, Hypercacher, there are two suspected hostage takers, Hayat Boumeddiene,26, and Amedy Coulibaly,32, who were previously suspected of shooting a policewoman dead earlier in the week. There were at least sixteen hostages, the standoff ends with Coulibaly dead as well as four hostages. Four additional hostages and two police officers require hospitalization, february 9 – Hooded gunmen attack French police in the city of Marseille, which Prime Minister Manuel Valls is due to visit. March 9 – Villa Castelli helicopter collision, Two helicopters collide over Western Argentina, killing 10 people, march 22 – Voters in France go to the polls for the first round of voting in local government elections. Exit polls show the conservative UMP in first place, Marine Le Pens National Front in second, april 16 – Vladimir Putin wants France to refund Russia for Mistral warships. Qatar is in search of power due to instability in the Middle Eastern region. They are fearful of recent conflict in Yemen, Syria, and Libya, the deal also includes MBDA missiles, and the training of 36 Qatari pilots and 100 technicians by the French army. Frances arms exports are now at 15 billion euros for this year, may 4 – Gilles Le Guen, who is accused of working with a branch of Al-Queda in North Africa, goes into trial in Paris. He is the first person to go on trial for a new law that was passed in 2012. This law allows French prosecutors to go after citizens who are suspected of participating in terrorist acts on foreign soil, may 6 – The French parliament passes a bill that gives power to intelligence services to do things such as tap cell phones and read emails. Intelligence services can use these powers while bypassing the judiciary, the point of this bill is to protect France from security threats. The bill has raised questions about privacy of the French people May 7 A French family is trapped in Portuguese water after their ship capsizes near the mid-Atlantic Azores islands, the six-year-old girl of the family dies of hypothermia after being stranded in 21 degree Celsius water for 7 hours. The rest of the family was rescued by a Spanish hospital ship, wiretaps of Nicolas Sarkozy were approved by a French court to be used as evidence. These wiretappings would likely be used against Sarkozy in a case against him. Sarkozys phones were first bugged over allegations that he accepted illicit payments from LOréal heiress Liliane Bettencourt for his 2007 presidential campaign, the recordings entail conversations between Sarkozy and his lawyer
2.
2014 in France
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Events from the year 2014 in France. The executives are released the following afternoon,10 January – Closer magazine runs a story alleging that François Hollande is having an affair with actress Julie Gayet. In a statement, Hollande says he deplores the attacks on the principle of respect for privacy, to which he. The story is removed from the magazines website. François Hollandes partner, Valérie Trierweiler, is admitted to hospital for rest and she remains hospitalised until 18 January. 16 January – A protestor calling for a political upheaval unloads a large mound of manure outside the Palais Bourbon from a lorry before being detained by police. 19 January – High levels of rainfall cause flooding in Var,25 January – François Hollande confirms he has separated from his partner Valérie Trierweiler. 2 February – Over 500,000 people in Paris protest against same-sex marriages,7 February – A severe windstorm hits the north-west of France, causing floods in Brittany and power losses to homes and businesses in Brittany, Pays de la Loire, Normandy and Île-de-France. 8 February – A train derails in the French Alps after being struck by a falling boulder,10 February – Taxi drivers stage a one-day strike against the proliferation of unlicensed and unregulated cabs in the country. Their efforts in blocking motorways paralyses rush hour traffic in Paris,14 February – France announces it will increase the number of its soldiers deployed in the Central African Republic as sectarian violence worsens. 14 February – Figures released by INSEE show the economy grew by 0. 0% and 0. 3% in the third,18 February – French police arrest a man in relation to a killing of a British family in the French Alps. 23 February – Six police officers are injured when protests against the construction of a new airport in Nantes turns violent and it is also alleged that the taps contain evidence of Sarkozy attempting to interfere with judicial inquiries. 11 March – Fourteen Caribbean nations file a lawsuit against the United Kingdom, France,14 March – Several days of calm weather conditions cause a large buildup of airborne pollutants across much of France, leading to health alert warnings being declared in almost 75% of the country. In a bid to cut air pollution, transport authorities in Paris, Caen, Grenoble, Reims. 17 March – With air pollution exceeding safe levels for five days, authorities in Paris begin restricting the private use of cars. The measure polarises opinion and thousands of fines are handed out to breaking the restriction before it is lifted the following day. 23 March – The first round of the 2014 municipal elections takes place, with support for the governing Socialist Party declining, a BVA poll reports UMP leading with 48% of the vote, ahead of the Socialists on 43% and National Front on 7%. 26 March – Figures released by the Ministry of Labour show a 0. 9% rise in unemployment in February, the total jobless count in mainland France now stands at 3.347 million
3.
France
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
4.
History of France
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The first written records for the history of France appear in the Iron Age. The Gauls, the largest and best attested group, were Celtic people speaking what is known as the Gaulish language, over the course of the 1st millennium BC the Greeks, Romans and Carthaginians established colonies on the Mediterranean coast and the offshore islands. Afterwards a Gallo-Roman culture emerged and Gaul was increasingly integrated into the Roman Empire, in the later stages of the Roman Empire, Gaul was subject to barbarian raids and migration, most importantly by the Germanic Franks. The Frankish king Clovis I united most of Gaul under his rule in the late 5th century, Frankish power reached its fullest extent under Charlemagne. The war formally began in 1337 following Philip VIs attempt to seize the Duchy of Aquitaine from its holder, Edward III of England. Despite early Plantagenet victories, including the capture and ransom of John II of France, among the notable figures of the war was Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl who led French forces against the English, establishing herself as a national heroine. The war ended with a Valois victory in 1453, victory in the Hundred Years War had the effect of strengthening French nationalism and vastly increasing the power and reach of the French monarchy. During the period known as the Ancien Régime, France transformed into an absolute monarchy. During the next centuries, France experienced the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, Henry, King of Navarre, scion of the Bourbon family, would be victorious in the conflict and establish the French Bourbon dynasty. A burgeoning worldwide colonial empire was established in the 16th century, French political power reached a zenith under the rule of Louis XIV, The Sun King, builder of Versailles Palace. In the late 18th century the monarchy and associated institutions were overthrown in the French Revolution, the country was governed for a period as a Republic, until the French Empire was declared by Napoleon Bonaparte. France was one of the Triple Entente powers in World War I, fighting alongside the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, the United States and smaller allies against Germany and the Central Powers. France was one of the Allied Powers in World War II, the Third Republic was dismantled, and most of the country was controlled directly by Germany while the south was controlled until 1942 by the collaborationist Vichy government. Living conditions were harsh as Germany drained away food and manpower, Charles de Gaulle led the Free France movement that one-by-one took over the colonial empire, and coordinated the wartime Resistance. Following liberation in summer 1944, a Fourth Republic was established, France slowly recovered economically, and enjoyed a baby boom that reversed its very low fertility rate. Long wars in Indochina and Algeria drained French resources and ended in political defeat, in the wake of the Algerian Crisis of 1958, Charles de Gaulle set up the French Fifth Republic. Into the 1960s decolonization saw most of the French colonial empire become independent, while smaller parts were incorporated into the French state as overseas departments, since World War II France has been a permanent member in the UN Security Council and NATO. It played a role in the unification process after 1945 that led to the European Union
