1.
Maryland
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The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Patapsco River
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The Patapsco River is a 39-mile-long river in central Maryland which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The rivers tidal portion forms the harbor for the city of Baltimore, with its South Branch, the Patapsco forms the northern border of Howard County, Maryland. The name Patapsco is derived from the Algonquian pota-psk-ut, which translates to backwater or tide covered with froth, the Patapsco proper begins at the confluence of the North and South Branches, near Marriottsville, approximately 15 miles west of downtown Baltimore. The 19. 4-mile-long South Branch rises further west at Parrs Spring, where Howard County, Carroll, Frederick, the North Branch flows 20.9 miles southward from its origins in Carroll County. Through most of its length, the Patapsco is a minor river, the last 10 miles, however, form a large tidal estuary inlet of Chesapeake Bay. The inner part of this provides the harbor of Baltimore, composed of the Northwest Harbor. The Patapsco estuary is south of the Back River and north of the Magothy River, the Patapsco has a watershed area of 680 square miles, or 632 square miles of land. Thus, its watershed area is 7% water. Patapsco Valley State Park is adjacent to 32 miles of the Patapsco and its branches, the river cuts a gorge 100–200 feet deep within the park, which features rocky cliffs and tributary waterfalls. Liberty Dam and its reservoir, located on the North Branch, is a component of the Baltimore city water system. Besides Baltimore, the river flows through Ellicott City and Elkridge. John Smith was the first European to explore the river noting it on his 1612 map as the Bolus River, the Red river, was named after the clay color, and is considered the old Bolus, as other branches were also labelled Bolus on maps. As the river was not navigable beyond Elkridge, it was not a path of commerce with only one ship listed as serving the northern branch. The Patapsco valley was used as the route of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads original main line west constructed from 1829 onwards, many old railroad bridges were constructed in the valley, most notably the Thomas Viaduct and the Patterson Viaduct, of which ruins remain. Flour mills and a dam were formerly powered by the river. The valley is prone to flooding, though at long intervals, in 1972 as a result of rainfall from the remnants of Hurricane Agnes, in which Ellicott City and the Old Main Line sustained serious damage. In July 2016 a historic flood ravaged Main Street - leaving two dead, the mouth of the Patapsco River forms Baltimore harbor, the site of the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. This is where Francis Scott Key, while aboard a British ship, wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, today, a red, white, and blue buoy marks the spot where the HMS Tonnant was anchored
4.
Patapsco Valley State Park
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Patapsco Valley State Park is a public recreation area extending along 32 miles of the Patapsco River south and west of the city of Baltimore, Maryland. The state park encompasses multiple developed areas on over 14,000 acres of land, in 2006, it was officially celebrated as Marylands first state park and is managed by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 20th century Formation of the park started with provisions in the Forestry Act of 1906, the completion of Bloedes Dam in 1906 required the implementation of protections to prevent silting from nearby farm erosion. Patapsco Valley State Park was established as Patapsco State Forest Reserve in 1907 to protect the valleys forest, the first 43 acres were donated by Russell Sage Foundation director John Mark Glenn from his Hilton estate. In 1912, Maryland delegate Carville Benson promoted expanding the Patapsco Forest Reserve as a park to support his suburban development initiatives, as other sections along the river were added, Patapsco Valley State Park became one of the largest parks in Maryland. In 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps opened State Park Project 2 work camps 336 and 356 at the park, CCC workers created recreational facilities and performed tree plantings for erosion control and silt management around the dam from adjacent overworked farms. Keeping the shores and hillsides vegetated minimized erosion, thus minimizing the amount of silt that could clog the turbines of Bloedes Dam which generated electricity for surrounding communities. In 2015,24.6 square miles includes an portion of the Patapsco Valley State Park, was certified as the Maryland’s 13th Heritage Area by the Maryland Heritage Areas Authority. The parks recreational opportunities include hiking, fishing, camping, canoeing, horseback riding, mountain biking, the Baltimore City Paper named the park as its Best Place to Hike in 2007. Daniels Area, Once the site of a milltown called Daniels, the Daniels dam here backs up the Patapsco River providing smooth water for canoeing and kayaking, fishing, and swimming. Hollofield Area, The parks center features a 73-site campground, hiking trails. Pickall Area, Picnic shelters and playgrounds, Hilton Area, Located near Catonsville, the area has a small campground with mini-cabins, a nature center for children, and access to the Saw Mill Branch Trail and other trails. The Avalon Visitor Center is housed in a remnant of the milltown of the name that once served the Avalon Nail. Swinging bridges There are two swinging bridges that cross the Patapsco River, the first spans the Patapsco at Orange Grove,1.6 miles northwest of Avalon following the Park Road in Howard County beyond shelters 104 and 105. A. Gambrill Manufacturing Company that burned to the ground in 1905, visitors can cross the bridge to discover the ruins of the mill site that extended from the railroad tracks to the Swinging Bridge abutment. A second swinging bridge opened November 4,2006 and it is located at the end of the Grist Mill Trail and crosses the Patapsco River to connect with Ilchester Road. This new bridge allows easy entry for residents living in Ellicott City, Cascade Falls Cascade Falls is located in the Orange Grove area of the park. It gently descends a 10–15-foot face and can be reached by way of a trail at the last parking lot in the Orange Grove area
5.
Ellicott City Historic District
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Ellicott City Historic District is a national historic district in Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland. The Ellicott City Station is a National Historic Landmark located within the district, the district encompasses a predominantly 19th century mill town whose origins date to 1772, including more than 200 18th- and 19th-century buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, the district was severely impacted by the 2016 Maryland flood on July 30,2016. List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust Patapsco Hotel Ellicott City Historic District, Howard County, Inventory No
6.
Ellicott City, Maryland
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Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place, along with being the county seat of local government in Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is part of the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area, the population was 65,834 at the U. S. Decennial Census of 2010. It is the county seat of Howard County, founded in 1772, the town contains the B. & O. Railroad Museums branch at the Ellicott City Station, built in 1830, and the first terminus of the initial line. The downtown historic district is located in the valley of the Tiber River, as of the 2000 U. S. Census, Ellicott City surpassed Towson, Maryland for the first time, as the largest unincorporated county seat in the country. The town is prone to flooding from the Patapsco River and Tiber Creek and these floods have had a major impact on the history of the town, often destroying important businesses and killing many. Ellicott City has had devastating floods in 1817,1837,1868,1901,1917,1923,1938,1942,1952,1956,1972,1975,1989,2011 and 2016. The 1868 flood washed away 14 houses, killing 39 to 43 in and it wiped out the Granite Manufacturing Cotton Mill, Charles A. Gambrills Patapsco Mill, John Lee Carrolls mill buildings, and dozens of homes. One mill was rebuilt by Charles Gambill, which remained in operation until a fire in 1916, a 1923 flood topped bridges, in 1952 an eight-foot wall of water swept the shops of Ellicott City, and a 1956 flood inflicted heavy damage at the Bartigis Brothers plant. A severe flood occurred in 1972 as a result of rainfall from the remnants of Hurricane Agnes, in which Ellicott City, on 27 Sept 1975, flooded 9.0 feet from Hurricane Eloise. And floods occurred Sept 22,1989 from Hurricane Hugo, and also on Sept 7,2011, on July 30,2016, a storm dropped six inches of rain in two hours on the city. The resulting flash flood caused damage in historic Ellicott City. Many homes, roads, businesses, sidewalks, and more were destroyed by the flooding, including the landmark clock. A state of emergency was declared, and two died as a result of the flooding. In 1766 James Hood used the Maryland Mill Act of 1669 to condemn 20 acres for a site adjacent to his river-side 157 acres property. His grist mill was built on the banks of the Patapsco River where the Frederick road crossed and his son Benjamin rebuilt the corn grinding mill after one of the frequent Patapsco floods in 1768. Benjamin Hood then sold the mill to Joseph Ellicott in 1774 for 1,700 pounds, in later years the B&O railroad ran through the property, with track laid over the graves of the Hood family. In 1775 they expanded their holdings with 30.5 acres from Bartholomew Balderson, John, Andrew, and Joseph Ellicott founded Ellicotts Mills, which became one of the largest milling and manufacturing towns in the East. Nathaniel sold his partnership in 1777, Joseph sold all but his Hoods Mill ownership the next year, the town retained the name Ellicotts Mills when the U. S. Postal stop opened on October 7,1797
7.
Catonsville, Maryland
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Catonsville is a census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 41,567 at the 2010 census, the community lies to the west of Baltimore along the citys border. Catonsville contains the majority of University of Maryland, Baltimore County, europeans were the second group to settle the area now known as Catonsville. It is generally believed by historians that native tribes, known as the Piscataway and this tribe occupied the land between the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay and up the Patapsco River. Catonsville was located along the Piscataway Trail, the colonists and the tribes got along until the mid-17th century, when the English government ended the practices of Catholic missionaries in the area. It is believed that the tribes were driven from their villages, as happened in many areas of early colonial America, diseases unknown to the tribes were spread by the colonists. Eventually, the tribes moved north under the protection of the Iroquois, with most of the natives scattered, the colonists expanded across Maryland. Present-day Catonsville was settled in the 18th century, Catonsville as we know it today was settled along this route by Richard Caton, under the authority of his father-in-law Charles Carroll, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Travelers along the turnpike rested and conducted business in the area, the large Victorian and Colonial homes located in Catonsville were built by wealthy Baltimoreans. Originally, these communities were used as residences to escape the heat in Baltimore. Eventually, as in communities with the introduction of the automobile and electric trolley. Baltimore attempted over the years to annex Catonsville, the last attempt in 1918, the community remains an unincorporated town in Baltimore County. It is home to Spring Grove Hospital Center, the second oldest continuously operating psychiatric hospital. Catonsville was briefly made quite famous during the 1968 protest by the Catonsville Nine, in 2007 Money magazine ranked Catonsville the 49th best place to live in the USA, third best in Maryland and Virginia. Catonsville is located at 39°16′26″N 76°44′17″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 14.0 square miles, all of it land. It is centered along Frederick Road, formerly the main road from Baltimore leading to points west, johnnycake Road and Academy Road form the northern and northeastern borders of Catonsville. Catonsville is bordered by Woodlawn to the north, Baltimore to the east, by Arbutus to the southeast, by Ilchester to the southwest, the main north-south roads in the area are Rolling Road, Ingleside Avenue and Bloomsbury Avenue. Catonsville is a terminus of the Trolley Line Number 9 Trail, Academy Heights, a residential community surrounding Mount de Sales Academy
8.
Arbutus, Maryland
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Arbutus is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 20,483 at the 2010 census, the census area also contains the communities of Halethorpe and Relay, in which all three names were used during the 1960 census when the area had a population of 22,402. Residents of Arbutus are often called Arbutians, the Thomas Viaduct railroad bridge over the Patapsco River was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. Arbutus is located at 39°14′40″N 76°41′38″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.5 square miles, all of it land. Herbert Run, a stream, runs through Arbutus and surrounding areas, as of the 2010 census Arbutus had a population of 20,483. As of the census of 2000, there were 20,116 people,8,120 households, the population density was 3,093.8 people per square mile. There were 8,380 housing units at a density of 1,288.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 85. 21% White,6. 27% African American,0. 28% Native American,6. 10% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 48% from other races, and 1. 63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 53% of the population,27. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the family size was 2.99. In the CDP, the population was out with 22. 2% under the age of 18,8. 5% from 18 to 24,33. 5% from 25 to 44,21. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $47,792, and the median income for a family was $54,003. Males had an income of $37,766 versus $29,129 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,456, about 4. 5% of families and 6. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6. 5% of those under age 18 and 6. 1% of those age 65 or over. Fire and emergency services are provided by the Arbutus Volunteer Fire Department Baltimore County Station 35. This station provides fire protection, heavy rescue, swift water rescue, and paramedic-level emergency medical services to the citizens of Arbutus, mutual aid is provided by the surrounding Baltimore County stations as well as the Baltimore City and Howard County fire departments. Police protection is provided mainly by the Baltimore County Police Department, additional police service is provided by the Baltimore County Sheriffs Office, UMBC Police, Maryland State Police, and the Maryland Transportation Authority Police
9.
Elkridge, Maryland
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Elkridge is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States. The population was 15,593 at the 2010 census, founded early in the 18th century, Elkridge is located at the confluence of three counties, the other two being Anne Arundel and Baltimore counties. Elkridge qualifies as the oldest settlement in its present county, when Howard was a part of Anne Arundel County and its location on the Patapsco River was a key element in its growth. The Maryland General Assembly elected a law to erect a 30-acre, in 1738 an attempt to formalize the town failed with the death of the commissioners before passage. In 1750 a second attempt to formalize the town was attempted around the lands of Phillip Hammond, by comparison, Baltimore Town consisted of only 25 dwellings at that time. A third petition was filed in 1762, the settlement was founded as a place where planters, who each had a wharf along the river, could bring their tobacco crop to be loaded on English trading ships. Later, Elkridge Landing was built as the dock for the community. The millrace that fed water to the furnace was filled in in the 1920s to create the current Race Road, the Hockley Forge and Mill were created upstream in 1760. In 1781, Lafayette camped light infantry at Elkridge Landing en route to Virginia during the Revolutionary war, in 1825, Jansen Town burned, taking out all of the oldest buildings at the Landing and 9 out of 10 houses in the village. The same year, on October 12,1825, the Elkridge Landing postal stop was created, Elkridge has historic churches, including Melville Church on Furnace Avenue. Its original building was the first Methodist church built and was visited on the rides of Francis Asbury. Saint Augustine Church, on Old Washington Road, was built in 1845, Elkridge had a rich history of industries, including pig-iron forging, basket weaving, paper, cotton and grist milling, as well as employment from the B&O Railroad. The Thomas Viaduct, located over Levering Avenue at the entrance to the Patapsco Valley State Park, is the oldest multiple-arched curved stone railroad bridge in the world, built in 1833, its architect was Benjamin Latrobe, Jr. The B&O first used horse-drawn coaches in relays, hence Relay Station was added, the viaduct also carried the Tom Thumb, and the first telegraph message from Washington, D. C. stating What hath God wrought. was wired across. Elkridge did not escape the Civil War, some of these families had slaves. Their estate cottages were built along the top of the Lawyers Hill, including along Old Lawyers Hill Road and this community hall, built in 1871, was a neutral meeting place for entertainments for Northern and Southern sympathizers of the neighborhood and owned by them as stockholders. Neighbors did not betray neighbors and each protected others property from advancing troops, many homes remain, while others burned and have not been rebuilt, such Fairie Knowe in 1850 and 1900. The Lawyers Hill Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993, the Washington Turnpike Road Company built what is now Washington Boulevard between 1796 and 1812, creating a major north–south land route that is now U. S. Route 1
10.
Jones Falls
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The Jones Falls is a 17. 9-mile-long stream in Maryland. It is impounded to create Lake Roland before running through the city of Baltimore, the Jones Falls valley has a long history in the city of Baltimore as a transportation corridor. The valley of the Jones Falls carries Falls Road, the tracks for the Amtrak Northeast Corridor, the Jones Falls Expressway of Interstate 83, the Baltimore Penn Station also rests on an elevated platform in the valley. It also carries tracks for a rail line which is currently served by the Baltimore Streetcar Museum. The MTA Maryland Route 27 also provides transportation on Falls Road, however, the Jones Falls is spanned by many bridges within Baltimore Citys borders, and often the Jones Falls Expressway rests directly above the river. The Jones Falls begins as a stream in Baltimore County near Garrison at the intersection of Caves. It travels southeast for 3.3 miles before joining the North Branch Jones Falls stream near Stevenson, North Branch Jones Falls originates near Worthington by the intersection of Park Heights Avenue and Walnut Avenue. The North Branch travels south for 5.2 miles before joining Jones Falls stream, the falls then travels east for 1.3 miles before Dipping Pond Run joins at. The Jones Falls continues east another 0.8 miles before Deep Run intersects near Brooklandville, the Jones Falls travels southeast for 1.5 miles, passing through Robert E. Lee Park, until it meets Lake Roland, an impounding of the stream. In Lake Roland, Roland Run and Towson Run both join, once it leaves Lake Roland, the Jones Falls becomes a small river. For the remainder of the Jones Falls course, I-83 enters the Jones Falls valley, where it crosses over, parallels. Another half mile after entering the city, Western Run joins near Mount Washington, the Jones Falls, I-83, and the Light Rail continue south for 4.4 miles before the last major stream, Stony Run, empties into the stream near Druid Hill Park. Along the way, MD25 enters the valley, running parallel to the river opposite of the highway, MD25 is also paralleled by the Jones Falls Trail. About a quarter mile before it intersects Stony Run, the Jones Falls goes over a waterfall named Round Falls. About 0.6 miles after Stony Run, and after passing by the Baltimore Streetcar Museum, the Jones Falls then immediately passes underneath North Avenue. MD25 ends shortly after, with the Jones Falls Trail joining city streets, after the rapid succession of bridges, the Jones Falls almost immediately enters a tunnel, the Jones Falls Conduit, which curves to flow directly underneath I-83. After passing by Baltimores Pennsylvania Station, situated directly in the valley, the Northeast Corridor exits the valley, the river and highway continue to Fayette Street. Here, I-83 ends, two south of this point, the Jones Falls exits the conduit and flows several more blocks before it empties into the east side of the Inner Harbor
11.
Baltimore
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Baltimore is the largest city in the U. S. state of Maryland, and the 29th-most populous city in the country. It was established by the Constitution of Maryland and is not part of any county, thus, it is the largest independent city in the United States, with a population of 621,849 as of 2015. As of 2010, the population of the Baltimore Metropolitan Area was 2.7 million, founded in 1729, Baltimore is the second largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic. Baltimores Inner Harbor was once the leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States. With hundreds of identified districts, Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods, in the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, later the American national anthem, in Baltimore. More than 65,000 properties, or roughly one in three buildings in the city, are listed on the National Register, more than any city in the nation. The city has 289 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the historical records of the government of Baltimore are located at the Baltimore City Archives. The city is named after Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, of the Irish House of Lords, Baltimore Manor was the name of the estate in County Longford on which the Calvert family lived in Ireland. Baltimore is an anglicization of the Irish name Baile an Tí Mhóir, in 1608, Captain John Smith traveled 210 miles from Jamestown to the uppermost Chesapeake Bay, leading the first European expedition to the Patapsco River. The name Patapsco is derived from pota-psk-ut, which translates to backwater or tide covered with froth in Algonquian dialect, a quarter century after John Smiths voyage, English colonists began to settle in Maryland. The area constituting the modern City of Baltimore and its area was first settled by David Jones in 1661. He claimed the area today as Harbor East on the east bank of the Jones Falls stream. In the early 1600s, the immediate Baltimore vicinity was populated, if at all. The Baltimore area had been inhabited by Native Americans since at least the 10th millennium BC, one Paleo-Indian site and several Archaic period and Woodland period archaeological sites have been identified in Baltimore, including four from the Late Woodland period. During the Late Woodland period, the culture that is called the Potomac Creek complex resided in the area from Baltimore to the Rappahannock River in Virginia. It was located on the Bush River on land that in 1773 became part of Harford County, in 1674, the General Assembly passed An Act for erecting a Court-house and Prison in each County within this Province. The site of the house and jail for Baltimore County was evidently Old Baltimore near the Bush River. In 1683, the General Assembly passed An Act for Advancement of Trade to establish towns, ports, one of the towns established by the act in Baltimore County was on Bush River, on Town Land, near the Court-House
12.
Maryland Route 144
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Maryland Route 144 is a collection of state highways in the U. S. state of Maryland. These highways are sections of old alignment of U. S. Route 40 between Cumberland and Baltimore, there are seven mainline sections of MD144, MD144 in Allegany County runs 17.55 miles from MD807 in Cumberland east to US40 Scenic east of Flintstone. The state highway generally parallels I-68 and crosses over the multiple times as both highways pass through mountainous creek valleys and over Martin Mountain and Polish Mountain. MD 144WB runs 5.91 miles from I-68 west of Hancock to I-70 east of Hancock, the state highway was assigned in the mid-1960s following the completion of I-70 and the new alignment of US40 on either side of Hancock. MD 144WA runs 1.47 miles from US40 west of Hagerstown to Western Maryland Parkway just west of the city limits of Hagerstown, MD 144FA runs 5.57 miles from the intersection of Patrick Street and Jefferson Street in Frederick east to I-70 near Bartonsville. MD 144FB runs 1.41 miles from the west town limit of New Market east to MD75 and this state-maintained segment of old US40 lies between two county-maintained segments of the road in eastern Frederick County. MD 144A runs 17.20 miles from MD27 in Mount Airy east to US40 in Ellicott City, the state highway briefly passes through Frederick and Carroll counties before serving as the main east–west surface highway of northern Howard County. MD144 runs 8.62 miles from the Howard–Baltimore county line at the Patapsco River east to US1 in Baltimore, a county-maintained segment of Frederick Road continues west through Ellicott City to a junction with US40 a short distance east of MD 144A. MD144 is a part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial in two sections, the first section runs from the western terminus of MD 144FA at Jefferson Street east to I-70 and US40 within Frederick. The second section runs from North Rolling Road in Catonsville to the eastern terminus at US1 in Baltimore. MD144 begins at an intersection with MD807 a short distance north of the Cumberland city limits, the state highway heads east as two-lane Naves Cross Road, passing through a pair of ridges before meeting a pair of ramps to and from westbound I-68. Naves Cross Road continues east as MD 807A, while MD144 turns south onto Christie Road to pass under I-68, Christie Road continues south while MD144 turns east onto Ali Ghan Road. The state highway crosses Evitts Creek before receiving an exit ramp from eastbound I-68, US220 turns north onto its bypass of Bedford Road while MD144 continues east, meeting I-68 at Exit 47, a diamond interchange. Within the interchange, MD144 becomes National Pike and expands to a divided highway that follows the valley of Elk Lick Run. The state highway passes under I-68 and reduces to a highway at Hinkle Road. At Rocky Gap Road, MD144 begins to parallel the eastbound lanes of I-68. The state highway leaves the valley of Elk Lick Run and ascends Martin Mountain, on the climb, MD144 intersects Pleasant Valley Road, which meets I-68 at Exit 50 and leads to Rocky Gap State Park. At the top of Martin Mountain, the highway crosses over I-68 and intersects Sunset Orchard Road
13.
U.S. Route 29 in Maryland
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U. S. Route 29 is a north–south United States highway that runs for 1,036 miles from the western suburbs of Baltimore, Maryland, to Pensacola, Florida. It serves the cities of Columbia and Ellicott City and provides the westernmost north–south route between Washington D. C. and Baltimore. US29 in Maryland was an addition to the United States Numbered Highway System fabricated in 1926. Since its redesignation, it has been realigned and upgraded many times, US29 emerges from Washington, D. C. along Georgia Avenue. Running alongside the Jessup Blair Park it intersects MD410, the East–West Highway, now a divided highway, US29 continues north, intersecting MD193 just beyond the Capital Beltway, this highway provides access to I-495 that is not available at the aforementioned interchange. After crossing the Northwest Branch Park the route is now known as Columbia Pike and it interchanges with MD650 to the northwest of the former Naval Surface Weapons Center. The route passes through Paint Branch Park, over the Paint Branch, running northwest of Fairland Regional Park US29 reaches its first major freeway segment at Burtonsville, bypassing a former, heavily curved at-grade expressway portion through the town. At this point, it downgrades into a divided expressway until it enters Howard County. The 0. 92-mile bypassed section of the old road is officially designated US 29A with street signs that say Old Columbia Pike which previously ended at MD198, the route crosses the Rocky Gorge Reservoir and enters Howard County just beyond the northern end of the bypass. It intersects Old Columbia Road just beyond the reservoir and then upgrades into a six-lane grade-separated almost-freeway within its interchange with MD216 at Scaggsville. North of the interchange, US29 intersects several major routes that serve the town of Columbia, Shaker Drive/Seneca Drive, Broken Land Parkway, MD175, near the MD108 interchange the northbound carriageway has another direct turnoff to Diamondback Drive. Beyond the MD108 interchange, US29 upgrades again into a fully limited-access six-lane grade-separated freeway as it encounters the western terminus of MD100. The eight-lane segment narrows to six lanes again as it encounters the northern end of the US29 expressway at U. S. Route 40 within Ellicott City. Beyond US40, US29 interchanges with Interstate 70 at a modified directional cloverleaf, at the US40 interchange, a monument dedicating the highway to the division has been installed and can be seen from both carriageways. After much deliberation, AASHO and Virginia assented to the modifications, in 1835 Columbia Pike surrendered its Montgormery and Anne Arundel County roads and bridges to the State of Maryland. The Washington, Colesville and Ashton Turnpike Company was established in 1870 in Maryland in the United States, “Toll Gate #1” was located just as travelers approached the end of the turnpike at Sligo. The small wooden toll gate, located at the intersection of today’s Georgia Avenue and Dale Drive, closed in 1910 with the death of its last toll keeper, by the mid 1910s, privately run turnpikes had ceased operations with the establishment of Maryland’s State Roads Commission. On April 1,1930, Harvey and Blanche Kreuzberg opened Mrs. K’s Toll House Restaurant in the house at 9201 Colesville Road
14.
Swift water rescue
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Swift water rescue is a subset of technical rescue dealing in white water river conditions. The main goal is to use or deflect the water’s power to assist in the rescue of the endangered person, as a swift water rescue scene evolves, the Incident Command System will emerge. ICS is a protocol used for managing emergencies in the United States. ICS is based upon a flexible, scalable response organization providing a framework within which people can work together effectively. All rescue operations demand vigilance with regards to safety, ICS provides that a Safety Officer be present to monitor and address all safety issues. One of these issues pertains to the incident scene, the immediate area of operations at the incident, is divided into three zones of operation, Cold, Warm, and Hot. Certain requirements regarding training and personal protective equipment exist for personnel operating within these three zones, the Cold Zone is considered to be anything greater than 15 feet from the waters edge. Awareness Level personnel shall approach no closer than the Cold zone, the Warm Zone begins 15 feet from the waters edge, and ends at the waters edge. Personnel operating in the Warm Zone shall be trained to the Operations Level, the Hot Zone refers to any and all activities taking place in the water. These activities shall be performed by personnel trained to the Technician Level, in order to provide for the safety of both the rescuer and victim, a low to high risk algorithm has evolved for the implementation of various rescue methods in Swift Water Rescue. Under times of stress, the implementation of this helps to prevent a rescuer from endangering himself. As the algorithm progresses, the danger and threat to rescuer, the algorithm is, Talk, Reach, Wade, Throw, Helo, Row, Go, and Tow. While it is safest to talk a victim into performing a self-rescue, Talk refers to the dialogue that takes place between the rescuer and victim, and includes the rescuer directing the victim in methods of self-rescue, such as swimming to shore. If unsuccessful, the rescuer will attempt to Reach with an object, such as a branch, paddle, or pole, to the victim. Therefore, a rescuer often has the opportunity to wade along the banks of a body of water to more easily talk to. 80% of moving water rescues are effected using throw bags and other throw devices, a rescuer can throw a throw bag or other throw device from a boat, stable platform, or dry land, or may elect to wade into the shallows and then initiate a throw. Row includes, but is not limited to, all forms of boat-based operations and this includes a boat on a highline Tyrolean with a midpoint drop and two- and four-5point boat on tether systems. In certain situations, such as a patient, one might go
15.
National Weather Service
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It is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration branch of the Department of Commerce, and is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland. The agency was known as the United States Weather Bureau from 1890 until it adopted its current name in 1970, the NWS performs its primary task through a collection of national and regional centers, and 122 local weather forecast offices. As the NWS is a government agency, most of its products are in the public domain, the agency was placed under the Secretary of War as Congress felt military discipline would probably secure the greatest promptness, regularity, and accuracy in the required observations. Within the Department of War, it was assigned to the U. S. Army Signal Service under Brigadier General Albert J. Myer, General Myer gave the National Weather Service its first name, The Division of Telegrams and Reports for the Benefit of Commerce. The agency first became an enterprise in 1890, when it became part of the Department of Agriculture. The first Weather Bureau radiosonde was launched in Massachusetts in 1937, the Bureau would later be moved to the Department of Commerce in 1940. On July 12,1950, bureau chief Francis W, the Weather Bureau became part of the Environmental Science Services Administration when that agency was formed in August 1966. The Environmental Science Services Administration was renamed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on October 1,1970, at this time, the Weather Bureau became the National Weather Service. NEXRAD, a system of Doppler radars deployed to improve the detection and warning time of local storms, replaced the WSR-57. Bob Glahn has written a history of the first hundred years of the National Weather Service. The NWS, through a variety of sub-organizations, issues different forecast products to users, although, throughout history, text forecasts have been the means of product dissemination, the NWS has been using more forecast products of a digital, gridded, image or other modern format. Each of the 122 Weather Forecast Offices send their graphical forecasts to a server to be compiled in the National Digital Forecast Database. The NDFD is a collection of weather observations used by organizations and the public, including precipitation amount, temperature. Specific points in the database can be accessed using an XML SOAP service. The National Weather Service issues many products relating to wildfires daily, for example, a Fire Weather Forecast, which have a forecast period covering up to seven days, is issued by local Weather Forecast Offices daily, with updates as needed. The forecasts contain weather information relevant to fire control and smoke management for the next 12 to 48 hours, such as direction and speed. The appropriate crews use this information to plan for staffing and equipment levels, the ability to conduct scheduled controlled burns, and assess the daily fire danger. Once per day, NWS meteorologists issue a coded fire weather forecast for specific United States Forest Service observation sites that are input into the National Fire Danger Rating System
16.
Larry Hogan
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Lawrence Joseph Larry Hogan Jr. is an American politician who currently serves as the 62nd Governor of Maryland, in office since January 2015. He is only the second Republican governor in Maryland in nearly 50 years, and he previously served as Secretary of Appointments in the administration of Governor Bob Ehrlich from 2003 to 2007. In 2011, Hogan founded the grassroots organization Change Maryland, Hogan was born in 1956 in Washington, D. C. and grew up in Landover, Maryland, attending Saint Ambrose Catholic School and DeMatha Catholic High School. He moved to Florida with his mother after his parents divorced in 1972, Hogans father, Lawrence Hogan, Sr. served as a U. S. Congressman from Marylands 5th Congressional District from 1969 to 1975 and as Prince Georges County Executive from 1978 to 1982, Hogan attended Florida State University from 1974 to 1978 and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in government and political science. While in college, Hogan worked in the Florida State Legislature and upon graduation, Hogan helped his father run a successful campaign in 1978 for Prince Georges County Executive and later worked for his father as a low-paid intergovernmental liaison. Hogan founded his real business, Hogan Companies, in 1985. He would spend the next eighteen years in the private sector, as the son of a U. S. Congressman, Hogan was exposed to politics at a young age and worked in many aspects of politics including political campaigns and citizen referendums. Hogan served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in the seventies and eighties, a 24-year-old Hogan first ran for office in the 1981 special election to fill the vacancy in Marylands 5th Congressional District left by Gladys Noon Spellman. Spellman had succeeded Hogans father in the congressional seat, Hogan finished second out of twelve candidates in the Republican primary with 22. 38% of the votes to Audrey Scotts 63. 26%. In the 1992 election cycle, Hogan was the Republican nominee for Marylands 5th Congressional District, the race was the closest in Hoyers tenure, with Hogan winning four out of the districts five counties and taking 45% of the vote to Hoyers 55%. No other challenger has come as close to unseating Hoyer since, Hogan took a temporary leave of absence from his business to serve as Secretary of Appointments in the Bob Ehrlich Administration from 2003 to 2007. In this capacity, Hogan appointed over 7,000 individuals to positions at every level of government, in 2011, Hogan founded Change Maryland, a not-for-profit limited liability company that opposed the administration of Governor Martin OMalley. Hogan was chair of the group, the anti-tax organization was a frequent critic of tax increases in Maryland during OMalleys tenure, and helped fuel Hogans gubernatorial campaign. Hogan formally announced his campaign for Governor of Maryland on January 21,2014, on January 29,2014, Hogan announced his running mate, former Maryland Secretary of General Services Boyd Rutherford. On June 24,2014, Hogan and Rutherford won the Republican primary and they faced and defeated the Democratic nominee, Lt. Governor Anthony Brown on November 4,2014, in the early months of his administration, Governor Hogan earned a reputation as a centrist and pragmatist. In an editorial after Hogans first four months as governor, the Baltimore Sun said, but the one thing thats certain is that hes no ideologue
17.
The Baltimore Sun
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The Baltimore Sun is the largest general-circulation daily newspaper based in the American state of Maryland and provides coverage of local and regional news, events, issues, people, and industries. Founded in 1837, it is owned by tronc, abell was born in Rhode Island, where he began journalism with the Providence Patriot. He later worked with newspapers in New York City and Boston, from 1947 to 1986, The Sun was the owner of Marylands first television station, WMAR-TV. In the postwar years, The Sun significantly expanded its overseas presence, the newspaper opened its first foreign bureau in London in 1924. Between 1955 and 1961, it added four new foreign offices, as Cold War tensions grew, it set up shop in Bonn, West Germany, in February 1955. Eleven months later, The Sun opened a Moscow bureau, becoming one of the first U. S. newspapers to do so, a Rome office followed in July 1957, and in 1961, The Sun expanded to New Dehli. At its height, The Sun ran eight foreign bureaus, giving rise to its boast in a 1983 ad that The Sun never sets on the world, the paper was sold in 1986 to the Times-Mirror Company of the Los Angeles Times. The same week, the rival News American, with publishing antecedents since 1773, the oldest paper in the city, it had been owned by the Hearst Corporation since the 1920s. In 1997, The Sun acquired the Patuxent Publishing Company, a suburban newspaper publisher that had a stable of weekly papers. In the 1990s and 2000s, The Sun began cutting back its foreign coverage, in 1995 and 1996, closed its Tokyo, Mexico City and Berlin bureaus. Two more — Beijing and London — fell victim to cost-cutting in 2005, the final three bureaus — Moscow, Jerusalem, and Johannesburg, South Africa — fell a couple years later. All were closed by 2008, as the Tribune Co. streamlined and downsized the newspaper chains foreign reporting, some material from The Suns foreign correspondents is archived at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. In 2000, the Times-Mirror company was purchased by the Tribune Company of Chicago, I,2014 it transferred its newspapers, including The Sun, to Tribune Publishing. On September 19,2005, and again on August 24,2008 and its circulation as of 2010 was 195,561 for the daily edition and 343,552 on Sundays. On April 29,2009, the Tribune Company announced that it would lay off 61 of the 205 staff members in the Sun newsroom. On September 23,2011, it was reported that the Baltimore Sun would be moving its web edition behind a paywall starting October 10,2011, BSMG content reaches more than one million Baltimore-area readers each week and is the regions most widely read source of news. On February 20,2014, The Baltimore Sun Media Group announced they are going to buy the alternative weekly City Paper, in April, the Sun acquired the Maryland publications of Landmark Media Enterprises. The Evening Sun was first published in 1910 under the leadership of Charles H. Grasty, former owner of the Evening News, for most of its existence, The Evening Sun led its morning sibling in circulation
18.
The Washington Post
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The Washington Post is an American daily newspaper. It is the most widely circulated newspaper published in Washington, D. C. and was founded on December 6,1877 and its current slogan is Democracy Dies in Darkness. Located in the city of the United States, the newspaper has a particular emphasis on national politics. Daily editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, the newspaper is published as a broadsheet, with photographs printed both in color and in black and white. The newspaper has won 47 Pulitzer Prizes and this includes six separate Pulitzers awarded in 2008, the second-highest number ever awarded to a single newspaper in one year, second only to The New York Times seven awards in 2002. Post journalists have also received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards, in years since, its investigations have led to increased review of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. In 2013, its owners, the Graham family, sold the newspaper to billionaire entrepreneur. The newspaper is owned by Nash Holdings LLC, a holding company Bezos created for the acquisition, the Washington Post is generally regarded as one of the leading daily American newspapers, along with The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. The Post has distinguished itself through its reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress. It is one of the two daily broadsheets published in Washington D. C. the other being its smaller rival The Washington Times, unlike The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post does not print an edition for distribution away from the East Coast. In 2009, the newspaper ceased publication of its National Weekly Edition, the majority of its newsprint readership is in District of Columbia and its suburbs in Maryland and Northern Virginia. The Sunday Style section differs slightly from the weekday Style section, it is in a tabloid format, and it houses the reader-written humor contest The Style Invitational. Additional weekly sections appear on weekdays, Health & Science on Tuesday, Food on Wednesday, Local Living on Thursday, the latter two are in a tabloid format. In November 2009, it announced the closure of its U. S. regional bureaus—Chicago, Los Angeles and New York—as part of a focus on. political stories. The newspaper has bureaus in Maryland and Virginia. While its circulation has been slipping, it has one of the highest market-penetration rates of any metropolitan news daily, for many decades, the Post had its main office at 1150 15th Street NW. This real estate remained with Graham Holdings when the newspaper was sold to Jeff Bezos Nash Holdings in 2013, Graham Holdings sold 1150 15th Street for US$159 million in November 2013. The Washington Post continued to lease space at 1150 L Street NW, in May 2014, The Washington Post leased the west tower of One Franklin Square, a high-rise building at 1301 K Street NW in Washington, D. C
19.
The Howard County Times
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The Howard County Times is a daily newspaper serving Howard County, Maryland. Founded as a newspaper in 1840, it was acquired by the then-independent local publisher Patuxent Publishing Company in 1978. The Howard County Times is currently a unit of the Baltimore Sun Media Group, the name changed again to the Howard District Press. The name changed again to The Howard Gazette just prior to the American Civil War, in 1869, the Howard County Times was created with the merger of the Howard County Record, founded by John R. Brown. In 1920, the paper was owned by Judge James A. Clark, Sr. Paul Talbot and Paul G. Stromberg, Paul Pete Stromberg became a state senator and editor of The Sun, a major daily newspaper in Baltimore. In 1940, Stromberg took control of the Maryland Printing and Publishing Company which gave him ownership of the Howard County paper. Some of these were the Arbutus Times, Catonsville Times, Owings Mills Times, Towson Times, The Jeffersonian, Northeast Record, Northeast Booster, Baltimore Messenger, strombergs editorial influence helped his brother-in laws Norman E. In 1965, The Columbia Times was created as a spin-off newspaper, strombergs daughter Doris Stromberg Thompson took over as editor from 1966 to 1978. The Columbia Flier was established in 1969, just two years after Rouse began development of Columbia was formed a coupon flier for the new development of Columbia. As the new town grew, owner Zeke Orlinskys paper served a larger market than the Times, editor Tom Graham would use the paper to encourage the growth of Columbia promoting political candidates that supported the project. In 1978, Rouse Company Architect Robert Moon designed a new headquarters for the Patuxent Publishing Company in a building at 10750 Little Patuxent Parkway leading into central Columbia. Moons wife, worked at the firm as well, becoming editor of the Columbia Flier, the Baltimore Sun media group purchased Patuxent Publishing Company, including the Howard County Times and Columbia Flier, integrating the local papers. The Columbia Flier building was put up for sale, but no tenants were signed on for three years.8 million. Paul G. Stromberg,1940 Zeke Orlinsky List of newspapers in Maryland Baltimore Sun Media Group, Howard County Times website
20.
CNN
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The Cable News Network is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. It was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel, upon its launch, CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage, and was the first all-news television channel in the United States. While the news channel has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts from the Time Warner Center in New York City and its headquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta is only used for weekend programming. CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U. S. to distinguish the American channel from its sister network. As of August 2010, CNN is available in over 100 million U. S. households, broadcast coverage of the U. S. channel extends to over 890,000 American hotel rooms, as well as carriage on cable and satellite providers throughout Canada. Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories, as of February 2015, CNN is available to about 96,289,000 cable, satellite, and telco television households in the United States. The Cable News Network was launched at 5,00 p. m. Eastern Time on June 1,1980, after an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored the channels first newscast. Burt Reinhardt, the vice president of CNN at its launch, hired most of the channels first 200 employees, including the networks first news anchor. Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to a number of cable and satellite providers, several websites. The company has 36 bureaus, more than 900 affiliated local stations, the channels success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for conglomerate Time Warners eventual acquisition of the Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. A companion channel, CNN2, was launched on January 1,1982, on January 28,1986, CNN carried the only live television coverage of the launch and subsequent break-up of Space Shuttle Challenger, which killed all seven crew members on board. On October 14,1987, Jessica McClure, an 18-month-old toddler, fell down a well in Midland, CNN quickly reported on the story, and the event helped make its name. This was before correspondents reported live from the capital while American bombs were falling. Before Saddam Hussein held a press conference with a few of the hundreds of Americans he was holding hostage. Before the nation watched, riveted but powerless, as Los Angeles was looted and burned, before O. J. Simpson took a slow ride in a white Bronco, and before everyone close to his case had an agent and a book contract. This was uncharted territory just a time ago. The moment when bombing began was announced on CNN by Bernard Shaw on January 16,1991, as follows, lets describe to our viewers what were seeing. The skies over Baghdad have been illuminated, were seeing bright flashes going off all over the sky
21.
WBFF
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WBFF, channel 45, is a Fox-affiliated television station located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. All three share studios, while WBFF and WNUV share transmitter facilities on 41st Street off the Jones Falls Expressway on the landmark Television Hill in the Woodberry section of north Baltimore. On cable, the station is carried on channel 15 on most area cable systems, in most outlying areas of the market, the station is carried on either channel 3, channel 7, or channel 10. WBFF signed on on April 11,1971, founded by what was called the Chesapeake Television Corporation. It was Baltimores second commercial UHF station and second independent station, both stations aired general entertainment programming, but WMETs owners experienced financial problems and were forced to take channel 24 off the air in 1972. It did not help matters that Washingtons WTTG and WDCA were readily available both over the air and on cable, channel 45 did find an advantage in having a decent library of movies, westerns, and older sitcoms at its disposal. Despite its financial troubles, WBFF became profitable enough that Julian Smith decided to expand his broadcast interests, through a Chesapeake Television subsidiary, Commercial Radio Institute, Smith launched a new independent station in Pittsburgh, WPTT, in 1978. In 1984, Commercial Radio Institute signed on Smiths third station, Columbus, Ohio independent WTTE. In 1985, Julian Smith merged his three stations into the Sinclair Broadcast Group, and around this one of his sons, David D. Smith. In 1986, Sinclair agreed to affiliate WBFF and WTTE with the fledgling Fox Broadcasting Company, the growth and rise of Fox coincided with that of Sinclair Broadcast Group, which expanded its reach during beyond Baltimore, Columbus and Pittsburgh during the 1990s. But first, Sinclair attempted to increase the reach of its station in a big way. In early 1991, Sinclair filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission for a new station on VHF channel 2 – occupied by WMAR-TV – under a subsidiary called Four Jacks Broadcasting. If it were granted, Sinclair would have moved the WBFF intellectual unit from channel 45 to the stronger channel 2, the channel 2 analog signal traveled a very long distance under normal conditions. However, those plans never materialized, and WMAR-TV was instead sold to the E. W. Scripps Company, in the end, Scripps license to operate WMAR-TV on channel 2 was reaffirmed by the FCC. WBFF is the television station in the Baltimore market that has never changed its primary network affiliation. Sinclair purchased Abry Communications, owner of WNUV, in 1994, as duopolies were not allowed at the time, channel 54 was spun off to Glencairn Ltd. a company owned by former Sinclair executive Edwin Edwards. However, Glencairns stock was almost entirely owned by the Smith family, in effect, Sinclair now had a duopoly in Baltimore – and had emasculated its major rival in its hometown. Sinclair further circumvented the rules by taking over WNUVs operations under a local marketing agreement, Sinclair tried to buy Glencairn outright in 2001, but was unable to buy WNUV due to the FCCs rules on dupolies
22.
Associated Press
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The Associated Press is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which stories to the AP. Most of the AP staff are members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America. As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television, the photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries and it also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, as part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the inverted pyramid formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the storys essentials. Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the BBC, Reuters, some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time, documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851, initially known as the New York Associated Press, the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press, which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, when the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity, the cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and, the Middle East. He introduced the telegraph typewriter or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914, in 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States, in 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations, it created its own radio network in 1974
23.
AccuWeather
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AccuWeather is an American media company that provides commercial weather forecasting services worldwide. AccuWeather was founded in 1962 by Joel N. Myers, then a Pennsylvania State University graduate student working on a degree in meteorology and his first customer was a gas company in Pennsylvania. While running his company, Myers also became a member of Penn States meteorology faculty, the company adopted the name AccuWeather in 1971. AccuWeather is headquartered in State College, Pennsylvania, with offices in Rockefeller Center in New York City and Fort Washington. In 2006, AccuWeather acquired WeatherData, Inc. of Wichita, as WeatherData Services, Inc. an AccuWeather company, the Wichita facility now houses AccuWeather’s specialized severe weather forecasters. AccuWeather markets weather products and services, with 175,559 clients worldwide in media, business and it also runs the free, advertising-supported website AccuWeather. com, an online weather provider. Third-party web analytics providers Alexa and SimilarWeb rated the site as the 200th most visited website in the United States, AccuWeather employs 404 people, of whom 113 are meteorologists. AccuWeather operates a 24-hour commercially sponsored weather channel known as The Local AccuWeather Channel, the Local AccuWeather Channel launched in 2006 and is currently on the air in 56 markets including New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Houston. Joel N. Myers, the founder of AccuWeather, serves as president of the firm and his brother Barry Lee Myers became the chief executive officer in 2007, and his other brother, Evan Myers, serves as Chief Operating Officer and Senior Vice President. The regular weather provider for Bloomberg Television and numerous local TV stations, AccuWeather, through the United Stations Radio Networks, also provides weather for numerous radio stations and newspapers, including WINS in New York City, KFWB in Los Angeles and WBZ in Boston. During severe-weather episodes, AccuWeather experts have called upon by television journalists such as Larry King, Geraldo Rivera. Many of its broadcast meteorologists, such as Elliot Abrams, are known nationally, AccuWeather produces local weather videos each day for use on their own web site, on the Local AccuWeather Channel, on wired Internet and mobile application and web sites. The company is active in the areas of convergence and digital signage. They have added a video section to their photo gallery. In 2015, Verizon FiOS replaced The Weather Channel with a new 24/7 all-weather television network called The AccuWeather Channel and this followed earlier negotiations among AccuWeather, The Weather Channel and DirecTV. The AccuWeather Channel is an operation from The Local AccuWeather Channel. It became the third 24/7 weather network to launch on American Television, after The Weather Channel in 1982, AccuWeather created a unified and proprietary apparent temperature system known as The AccuWeather Exclusive RealFeel Temperature and has used the quantity in its forecasts and observations. AccuWeather has been granted a United States patent on The RealFeel Temperature, in response to AccuWeathers RealFeel, The Weather Channel introduced their FeelsLike temperature reading
24.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
25.
WUSA (TV)
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WUSA, channel 9, is a CBS-affiliated television station located in the American capital of Washington, D. C. The station is owned by Tegna, Inc. and effectively serves as the television property of the company. WUSAs studios and transmitter are located at Broadcast House on Wisconsin Avenue in the Tenleytown neighborhood on the side of Washington. WUSA is the largest CBS affiliate by market size that is not owned and operated by the network, the stations signal is relayed on a low-powered translator station, W50BD-D, in Moorefield, West Virginia. The station first went on the air on January 11,1949 as WOIC, the fourth-oldest station in the nations capital, channel 9 was originally owned by the Bamberger Broadcasting Service, a subsidiary of R. H. Macy and Company. Bamberger also owned WOR-AM-FM in New York City, and was working to put WOR-TV on the air at the same time, nine days later, WOIC broadcast the first televised American presidential inaugural address, given by President Harry S. Truman. WOIC picked up the CBS affiliation upon signing on, replacing WMAL-TV as the networks Washington outlet. However, WOR was a shareholder in the Mutual Radio Network, which had plans to television with WOIC and WOR-TV as the flagship stations of its network. At the start of 1950, Bamberger Broadcasting changed its name to General Teleradio, in June 1950, a joint venture of CBS and the Washington Post purchased WOIC from Bamberger/Macys for $1.4 million. The new owners, WTOP Incorporated, changed the call sign to WTOP-TV. In 1954, the WTOP stations moved into a new facility, known as Broadcast House, at 40th, the building was the first in the country designed as a unified radio and television facility. Its name was in honor of Broadcasting House, home of the BBC in London, the building was well known to WTOPs president, since he had spent much of World War II assigned to the BBC. Previous to the move to Broadcast House, the stations operated out of the Earle Building. The building with the remains in the middle at the same location, although it is now an office building. The WTOP-TV tower was known in Washington for two things, First, at Christmas time, the tower was strung with Christmas lights and glowed brightly on top of Mount Reno, the tallest point in the District of Columbia. Second, the tower tended to sway more than three-sided towers. In a strong wind, the tower could be seen swaying back-and-forth, in October 1954, CBS sold its share of WTOP Inc. to the Washington Post to comply with the Federal Communications Commissions new seven-station-per-group ownership rule. CBSs partial ownership of WTOP radio, KQV radio in Pittsburgh, CBS opted to sell its share of WTOP, which it had purchased in whole in 1932 before selling controlling interest to the Post in 1949
26.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere. NOAA warns of dangerous weather, charts seas, guides the use and protection of ocean and coastal resources, and conducts research to improve understanding and stewardship of the environment. In addition to its employees, over 11,000 as of 2015, NOAA research. NOAA plays several roles in society, the benefits of which extend beyond the U. S. economy and into the larger global community. NOAA supplies information to its customers and partners pertaining to the state of the oceans and this is clearly manifest in the production of weather warnings and forecasts through the National Weather Service, but NOAAs information products extend to climate, ecosystems, and commerce as well. A Provider of Environmental Stewardship Services, NOAA is also the steward of U. S. coastal and marine environments. A Leader in Applied Scientific Research, the five fundamental activities are, Monitoring and observing Earth systems with instruments and data collection networks. Understanding and describing Earth systems through research and analysis of that data, assessing and predicting the changes of these systems over time. Engaging, advising, and informing the public and partner organizations with important information, managing resources for the betterment of society, economy and environment. NOAA formed a conglomeration of several existing agencies that were among the oldest in the federal government, NOAA was established within the Department of Commerce via the Reorganization Plan No.4 of 1970. In 2007 NOAA celebrated 200 years of service with its ties to the United States Coast, the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps is a uniformed service of men and women who operate NOAA ships and aircraft, and serve in scientific and administrative posts. And in addition more than a dozen staff offices, including the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology, the NOAA Central Library and this is done through a collection of national and regional centers,13 river forecast centers, and more than 120 local weather forecast offices. They are charged with issuing weather and river forecasts, advisories, watches and they issue more than 734,000 weather and 850,000 river forecasts, and more than 45,000 severe weather warnings annually. NOAA data is relevant to the issues of global warming. The NWS operates NEXRAD, a network of Doppler weather radars which can detect precipitation. Many of their products are broadcast on NOAA Weather Radio, a network of transmitters that broadcasts weather forecasts, severe weather statements, watches. The National Ocean Service focuses on ensuring that ocean and coastal areas are safe, healthy, in 1960 TIROS-1, NOAAs first owned and operated geostationary satellite was launched. Since 1966 NESDIS has managed polar orbiting satellites and since 1974 it has operated geosynchronous satellites, in 1979 NOAAs first polar-orbiting environmental satellite was launched
27.
The Weather Company
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The Weather Company is a weather forecasting and information technology company that owns and operates weather. com, intellicast. com, and Weather Underground. The Weather Company is a subsidiary of the Data and Analytics Platform business unit of IBM, the Weather Company was previously owned by a consortium made up of The Blackstone Group, Bain Capital, and NBCUniversal. That consortium sold The Weather Companys product and technology assets to IBM on January 29,2016, as part of the purchase, the Bain/Blackstone/NBCUniversal consortium entered into a long-term licensing agreement with IBM for use of its weather data and The Weather Channel name and branding. List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM List of meteorology institutions Official website
28.
Brooklyn Park, Maryland
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Brooklyn Park is a census-designated place in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The population was 14,373 at the 2010 census, Brooklyn Park is located at 39°13′29″N 76°36′46″W on the northern edge of Anne Arundel County and borders the city of Baltimore along its southern boundary of 1919. As of the census of 2000, there were 10,938 people,4,093 households, the population density was 3,701.0 people per square mile. There were 4,311 housing units at a density of 1,458. 7/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 92. 15% White,4. 21% African American,0. 48% Native American,1. 50% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 58% from other races, and 1. 05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 59% of the population,22. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the family size was 3.10. In the CDP, the population was out with 24. 9% under the age of 18,8. 0% from 18 to 24,28. 9% from 25 to 44,22. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $42,207, and the median income for a family was $50,496. Males had an income of $33,476 versus $26,316 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,582, about 6. 6% of families and 8. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 5% of those under age 18 and 6. 3% of those age 65 or over. By the 2010 census, the population had grown and changed substantially. In 2010 Brooklyn Park had 14,373 people,5,158 households and 3,634 families, the racial makeup of the CDP was 76. 8% White,18. 6% African American, 6% Latino, and 3. 4% Asian
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Lansdowne, Maryland
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Lansdowne is a census-designated place in southern Baltimore County, Maryland, just south of Baltimore city. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 8,409, at the 2000 census and earlier, the area was delineated as part of the Lansdowne-Baltimore Highlands CDP. In the late 1800s, the Whitaker Iron Company mined for ore in Lansdowne, abandoned pits from the mining were filled up by underground springs creating small ponds and lakes. Lansdowne was mostly farmland, including the Kessler farm, MacLeod farm, when the railroad came, Lansdowne became known as a B&O town. Most people worked for the B&O, commuting by train into Baltimore City, the first station was named Coursey Station. The Coursey Station senior housing center takes its name from this, the two main roads were Hammonds Ferry Road and Hollins Ferry Road, both of which led to the Patapsco River where you could take a ferry across to the other side. Early churches included the Lutheran Church of Our Savior, St. Clements Catholic Church, Lansdowne United Methodist Church, Lansdowne Christian Church, the Hull Memorial Christian Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The site of the wooden school house was on the property that is now St. Clements. In the 1950s housing developments sprang up in the Riverview area, the Lansdowne Elementary School, Lansdowne Middle School and Lansdowne Senior High were known as the Golden Education Triangle. In the early 1960s the B&O closed the crossing and Lansdowne Boulevard was constructed, connecting Lansdowne to Washington Boulevard. A tunnel was constructed under the tracks for pedestrian crossing. However, the railroad crossing effectively divided the community into two separate parts, some old railroad cars were erected as a museum and shopping area alongside Hammonds Ferry Road and the railroad tracks. In the 1980s Baltimore County Recreation and Parks opened a parcel of land for public use. Southwest Area Park is located on the Patapsco River, just below Baltimore Highlands, a small library was built by Baltimore County in 1966, on Third Avenue. In 1993, the Lansdowne Library was closed due to budget cutbacks, the building is now used as the Police Athletic League Center. In 1989 the Lansdowne/Baltimore Highlands Senior Center was built directly behind the Library building, the library reopened on April 8,2006 with much support from the Lansdowne Improvement Association. The Lansdowne Improvement Association has been instrumental in much community support, pride, with a grant from Baltimore Community Foundation they were able to have a gateway sign installed welcoming visitors to the community of Lansdowne as well as Baltimore Highlands and Riverview. On November 5,2007, Lansdowne Station opened, which is a business and it features a Walmart Supercenter, Petco, Office Depot, small retail shops, sandwich and pizza restaurants as well as an office complex
30.
Linthicum, Maryland
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Linthicum is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The population was 10,324 at the 2010 census and it is located directly north of Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. The communitys name was from the areas primary land-owning family since an 1801 purchase by Abner Linthicum, the Linthicum Heights Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. Linthicum is located at 39°12′14″N 76°39′38″W in northern Anne Arundel County and it extends from the Patapsco River in the north to Maryland Route 170 in the south, and from Interstate 195 in the west to Maryland Route 648 in the east. It is bordered by the CDPs of Baltimore Highlands to the north, Brooklyn Park to the east, and Ferndale to the southeast, the BWI Business District West Nursery area is located in Linthicum along the West Nursery Road corridor. The business district is home to companies, offices. Two major highways run through the CDP, the Baltimore Beltway runs northwest-southeast through Linthicum and intersects with the Baltimore–Washington Parkway, which runs northeast-southwest. By the parkway it is 6 miles northeast to downtown Baltimore and 32 miles southwest to Washington, D. C. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 5.5 square miles, of which 5.4 square miles is land and 0.039 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,539 people,2,877 households, the population density was 1,793.1 people per square mile. There were 2,950 housing units at a density of 701. 6/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94. 39% White,1. 76% African American,0. 24% Native American,2. 44% Asian,0. 15% Pacific Islander,0. 23% from other races, and 0. 80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 89% of the population,19. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the family size was 2.98. In the CDP, the population was out with 21. 3% under the age of 18,6. 2% from 18 to 24,25. 5% from 25 to 44,26. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 43 years, for every 100 females there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $61,479, and the median income for a family was $72,821. Males had an income of $46,586 versus $35,104 for females
31.
Ilchester, Maryland
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Ilchester is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States. The population was 23,476 at the 2010 census and it was named after the village of Ilchester in the English county of Somerset. In 1761, John Cornthwaite founded a wood grist mill called the Dismal Mill about 2 miles southeast of Ellicott City on the shore of the Patapsco River. The Ellicott family settled in the area in the late 18th century buying a section of the Patapsco in 1772 that included Ilchester. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was built up the Patapsco River valley through Ilchester in 1830, the Thistle Manufacturing Company built a factory in 1837. Ilchester did not become a stop for the B&O due to its steep grades. In 1842, mail service was started with the station name Illchester Mills, Ellicott sold his tavern and 110 acres of land to a Redemptorist church order in 1866. The church used the Ellicott estate to start a college, initially called Mount Saint Clemens when it opened in 1868, several additions to the original building were made, and a chapel was constructed. In 1882 it was renamed Saint Marys College, in 1893 the chapel was established as a parish church dedicated to Our Lady of Perpetual Help. The parish moved the church to a new facility in 1958, enrollment at the college declined, and the college was closed in 1972. The State of Maryland purchased a portion of the campus in 1987, in 1949, the Baltimore Council of the Girls Scouts purchased Camp Ilchester, which has remained in operation to date as a girl scout camp. Ilchester is located at 39°15′03″N 76°45′53″W and it is situated in Howard County, Maryland, between Ellicott City to the northwest and Elkridge to the southeast. The Patapsco River forms the northeast boundary of the community and serves as the county line, with Baltimore County, the original mill community of Ilchester is located along the Patapsco River at the junction of Ilchester Road and Bonnie Branch Road. However, the current CDP extends southwest to include the terrain of Howard County outside of the Patapsco River valley. Maryland Route 103, Montgomery Road, is the local road through the CDP. Maryland Route 100 is a freeway that runs through the part of Ilchester. To the south, Route 100 intersects with Interstate 95, which forms the boundary of the Ilchester CDP. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 10.8 square miles, of which 10.7 square miles is land and 0.08 square miles
32.
Oella, Maryland
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Oella is a small, historic mill town on the Patapsco River in western Baltimore County, Maryland, located between Catonsville and Ellicott City. It is a 19th-century village of millworkers homes, Oella was founded in 1808 by the Union Manufacturing Company as a working class community for the companys mill workers. It was one of the earliest and most extensive cotton factories in the United States, the Union Manufacturing Company was motivated by the Embargo Act of 1807 which required Baltimore merchants to manufacture finished goods in the colonies rather than England. Stock in the company was issued to fund a series of industrial mills, child and indigent labor was used reaching 150 employees in 1811. After the War of 1812 ended the embargo, cotton prices fell, a fire at the largest mill on 13 December 1815 took a decade to rebuild and recover from. The Mill rebounded with water driven looms, and expanded to three buildings before finally dissolving in 1887 after another drop in textile prices. William J. Dickey of Dickeysville purchased the mill in 1887, operating it as W. J. Dickey and Sons, the Oella Historic District includes the village that consists of 19th century workers housing and one late 19th century church. The only known 20th century building is the W. J. Dickey Company Mill constructed in 1919 as a rebuild after a 1918 fire, the plant was eventually used for the city. A drawing from 1812 by Maximilian Godefroy shows most of the stone buildings, the brick houses date from the mid-19th century, while the frame buildings were constructed at the end of the century. The Oella Methodist Church is a frame building with a tower on the northeast corner. The Patapsco River continued to power to generate electricity until 1972. That same year, the Dickey Company ceased manufacturing and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Also listed on the National Register at Oella are the Ellicotts Mills Historic District, the Baltimore County Department of Recreation and Parks manages the park, which was dedicated on June 9,1998. The park, which encompasses 138 acres and contains archaeological sites, the primary focus of the park is a museum highlighting Bannekers contributions. The museum contains a center that features a collection of Bannekers works and artifacts, a community gallery, a gift shop. The park contains an 1850s stone farmhouse, now named the Molly Banneky House, the three-story house was restored as an office complex in 2004. On November 12,2009, officials opened a 224 square feet replica of Bannekers log cabin on the park grounds, Baltimore Countys delegation to the Maryland General Assembly secured a $400,000 state bond for the design and construction of the cabin. The original estimated cost to construct the cabin in accordance with its drawings, a historical marker that the Maryland Historical Society erected to commemorate Banneker stands on the grounds of the park
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Sykesville, Maryland
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Sykesville is a town in Carroll County and Howard County, Maryland, United States. The population was 4,436 at the 2010 census, budgetTravel. com named Sykesville, MD Coolest Small Town in America in June 2016. The land on which Sykesville sits started out as part of the 3, 000-acre Springfield Estate, Napoleon refused the marriage of the two, and would not let Elizabeth set foot on Frances soil. He was determined that Jerome marry into royalty, and sent Betsy back home, denied by Napoleon, she was never able to see her husband again, leaving her to raise their son alone in the United States. Upon the death of William in 1824, his son George Patterson inherited the estate, in 1825, George Patterson sold 1,000 acres of Springfield Estate to his friend and business associate, James Sykes. A tract of land on the Howard County side of the Patapsco River contained an old saw, in 1830 Sykes replaced it with a newer mill and constructed a five-story stone hotel, to take care of railroad personnel and the tourist trade. In 1831 the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad extended its line to Horse Train Stop. Other businesses moved into the area, including two stores, new mills, churches and a post office. Much of the town was destroyed by a flood in 1868, the town was rebuilt on the Carroll County side of the river. The town was incorporated in 1904, a weekly newspaper, the Sykesville Herald, was founded in 1913 and published regularly until the 1980s. Sykesville is located at 39°22′16″N 76°58′21″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.58 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 4,436 people,1,409 households, the population density was 2,807.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 1,474 housing units at a density of 932.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 83. 3% White,12. 1% African American,0. 2% Native American,2. 5% Asian,0. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 7% of the population. 23. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.27. The median age in the town was 37.3 years. 26. 1% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24,30. 9% were from 25 to 44,27. 8% were from 45 to 64, and 7. 1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 54. 6% male and 45. 4% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 4,197 people,1,390 households, and 1,025 families residing in the town
34.
Woodbine, Maryland
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Woodbine is an unincorporated rural community located in Howard and Carroll counties, in the Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area. The unincorporated community was named for the plant, which grew in the community in fields and along riverbanks. Woodbine is located at the juncture of the Patapsco River, the B&O Railroad, the original road from Baltimore to Frederick runs just north of Lisbon, following a slight ridge line westward half way to Woodbine. This was the trail that existed before the National Road was built. The main road at that time ran just west of the road and up the west side of a creek that runs south. That original road, now unused, runs north 100 yards from the river. There was no bridge across the Patapsco River at that time, the town straddles the Patapsco River both North and South. A new concrete bridge was constructed between 1916 and 1917, in the 1920s and 1930s the town had a large canning factory on the Carroll County side of the river. There was another small canning factory, from the turn of the century, remains of the factory still exist and the sluice where water came to run the machinery is still visible in the wooded area below New Port Hill leading north to the dam, no longer existing. Just north,300 yards up the hill and west of the road on John Pickett Road, was a wormseed distillery. This small factory was converted into the Woodbine Canning Factory, canning tomatoes, corn. The factory burned in June 1933 and was converted to a mill in the 1950s. Kate Chadderton, International Equestrian Larry E. hometownlocator. com/City/Woodbine-Maryland. cfm http, //www. google. com/maps. q=Woodbine, +MD, +USA&sa=X&oi=map&ct=title
35.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
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The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is one of the oldest railroads in the United States and the first common carrier railroad. At first this railroad was located entirely in the state of Maryland with a line from the port of Baltimore west to Sandy Hook. At this point to continue westward, it had to cross into Virginia over the Potomac River, adjacent to the confluence of the Potomac, from there it was extended to the Ohio River at Wheeling and a few years later also to Parkersburg, West Virginia. It is now part of the CSX Transportation network, and includes the oldest operational railroad bridge in the USA, the B&O also included the Leiper Railroad, the first permanent horse-drawn railroad in the U. S. In later years, B&O advertising carried the motto, Linking 13 Great States with the Nation, the B&O Warehouse at the Camden Yards rail junction in Baltimore now dominates the view over the right-field wall at the Baltimore Orioles current home, Oriole Park at Camden Yards. At the end of 1970 B&O operated 5552 miles of road and 10449 miles of track, not including the Staten Island Rapid Transit or the Reading and its subsidiaries. The fast-growing port city of Baltimore, Maryland faced economic stagnation unless it opened routes to the western states, as New York had done with the Erie Canal in 1820. In 1827, twenty-five merchants and bankers studied the best means of restoring that portion of the Western trade which has recently been diverted from it by the introduction of steam navigation and their answer was to build a railroad—one of the first commercial lines in the world. Two men — Philip E. Thomas and George Brown — were the pioneers of the railroad and they spent the year 1826 investigating railway enterprises in England, which were at that time being tested in a comprehensive fashion as commercial ventures. Their investigation completed, they held a meeting on February 12,1827, including about twenty-five citizens. Thomas was elected as the first president and Brown the treasurer, the capital of the proposed company was fixed at five million dollars, but the B&O was initially capitalized in 1827 with a three million dollar issue of stock. Virtually every citizen of Baltimore owned a share, as the offering was oversubscribed, construction began on July 4,1828, when Charles Carroll of Carrollton did the groundbreaking. The initial tracks were built with granite stringers topped by iron rails. The first section, from Baltimore west to Ellicotts Mills, opened on May 24,1830. Developers decided to follow the Patapsco River to a point near Parrs Ridge, a later compromise allowed the two companies to share the right of way. The State of Maryland granted the B&O a charter to build a line from Baltimore to Washington, D. C. in 1831, and the Washington Branch was opened in 1835. This line joined to the mainline at Relay, Maryland, crossing the Patapsco on the Thomas Viaduct. This line was funded by the state, and was operated separately until the 1870s
36.
Belmont Estate
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The Belmont Estate, now the Belmont Manor Historic Park, is a historic estate located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, United States. From the late 17th century until 1962, the property was privately owned, the property was then successively owned and maintained as the Belmont Conference Center, by the Smithsonian Institution, the American Chemical Society, and Howard Community College. It is now the Belmont Manor Historic Park, owned by the Howard County and its Department of Recreation, built in the 1730s, it is one of the oldest colonial plantations in the region and one of the oldest sites in Howard County, Maryland. The plantation house, built in 1738, is one of the finest examples of Colonial Georgian architectural style in Maryland, the Belmont Estate now comprises approximately 68 acres, and adjoins Patapsco Valley State Park. Facilities on the estate include the Belmont Manor House, a house, a cottage, a large barn, formal gardens, a pond. Dr. Moores Morning Choice was situated on a ridge from there are views of the lower Patapsco River Valley. Belmont Estate included part of that land, caleb Dorsey, of Hockley-in-the-Hole on the Severn River, was an early industrialist and farmer. He operated forges and iron furnaces along the Patapsco River, near Elkridge, caleb Dorsey, Jr. built his home, Belmont, in 1738. A pig iron forge was operated onsite along with nearby forges at Avalon, caleb Dorsey and his wife Pricilla Hill was buried onsite at Belmont. Caleb Dorsey, Jr. s son Edward inherited the property, Edward later gave the property to his daughter, Priscilla, the wife of Alexander Contee Hanson, a United States senator. Following the American Civil War, Belmont became the center of a new wealthy elite. From 1873 to his death in 1880, Charles Grosvenor Hanson allowed the house to fall into neglect following the death of his wife, Howard Bruce, who bought the house in 1918, was the last owner to use it as a private residence. The Smithsonian Institution maintained the property as a conference center, the Belmont Conference Center was established in 1964 and was in almost continuous operation until 2010. Belmont hosted numerous conferences, social gatherings, weddings, meetings, the Belmont Report, resulting partly from this conference, was published in 1979. In 1982, The [[Smithsonian Instituti sold the Belmont Conference Center, the American Chemical Society continued to maintain the property as a conference center. In September 2001 the oldest structure in Howard County was situated on Warfeilds Range in North Laurel, the log cabin built in 1696 was moved to the Rockburn park to accommodate a Newburn development, and was destroyed by arson two weeks onsite. The John Clare Society of North America held their first international John Clare Conference at the Belmont Conference Center on March 21–22,2003, the Society is a non-profit literary organization devoted to the study, preservation, and publication of the works of English poet John Clare. The American Chemical Society sold the Belmont Estate to Howard Community College for $5.2 million in 2004, the Government of Howard County, Maryland, provided a loan of $2.6 million to the College toward the purchase of the Belmont Estate
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Bloede's Dam
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Bloedes Dam was a hydroelectric dam on the Patapsco River in Maryland. It was the first known instance of a hydroelectric plant. It is also recognized as one of the earliest dams constructed of reinforced concrete and this area is now part of Patapsco Valley State Park Avalon Area. The Dam is named for Victor Gustav Bloede, a German immigrant who founded of the Avalon Water Works in the area, was its president at the time. Bloede hired electrical engineer Otto Wonder to oversee the development of this unique hydroelectric project near Grays Mill on the Patapsco River, Construction was performed by the Emmerson Ferro-Conrete company of Boston. The dam itself was 220 feet long,40 feet wide at the base and had a drop of 26.5 feet and it was an Ambursen Hydraulic Construction Company reinforced concrete slab and buttress dam. A200 foot long fish ladder was constructed along the site, the arrangement made the facility the worlds first underwater hydroelectric plant. It replaced an earlier 300hp plant purchased for $12,000 in 1900 two miles away at Grays mills that employed a millrace with a gear and rope drive. The $175,000 electric generation equipment was engaged on 28 November 1908 at 3, 30pm by Victor Bloedes daughter, waffles were served to 500 dignitaries and guests from electric waffle makers. The newly formed Maryland Public Service Commission refused to grant Bloede a franchise to compete in electricity generation, Bloede claimed that Consolidated was attempting to force a sale because the company was charging less on street light contracts with Catonsville and Baltimore. In 1913, the plant was sold to Consolidated Gas Electric Light and Power, Consolidated constructed a new head gate and sluice after the purchase. The dam continued to generate electrical power within its interior until 1924 when it was closed due to the competition of larger, more powerful plants. The 38 acre property was sold to the State of Maryland on 22 July 1938 on the condition that the property would not be resold to competition to generate electricity or be developed in the future. Although the dam was damaged by the flood of Hurricane Agnes 1972, much of the dam still stands. The gate house structures which did survive have been removed since the storm left them unsafe, a semi-exposed sewer line remains onsite. In 1979 the state of Maryland budgeted $30,000 to investigated stabilizing the dam, in 1992 the Department of Natural Resources added a $1.58 million dollar fish ladder to allow migrating fish to swim upstream without being blocked by the dam. More controversy has risen about the American eel in that the dam blocks their passage as well, the removal of Bloedes Dam is expected to start in July 2016 with work expected to be completed by December 2017. Silt is expected to overload river two years before recovery, the removal of the dam is expected to remove a hazard where nine deaths occurred since the 1980s to be replaced with a swift shallow rocky area for kayaking
38.
Elkridge Furnace Complex
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The Elkridge Furnace Complex is a historic iron works located on approximately 16 acres at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland. It comprises the six remaining buildings of a furnace which operated from the 18th century into the 1860s. The 1835 Elkridge Furnace Inn is now operated as a restaurant and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The banks of the Patapsco River had been unearthed to mind for iron stone, in 1753 a law was enacted to prevent the further filling in of the Patapsco Rivers shipping channel at Elkridge Landing and up to Baltimore. Caleb Dorsey, an ironmaster aware of iron ore found in the Patapsco River valley, established Elkridge Furnace in 1751, both projects took advantage of Englands need for iron from the colonies which resulted in repealing all taxes on iron pigs in 1750 and iron bar in 1757 respectively. The Furnace bellows ran on water power, Water was diverted to a wheel through a water race. The turning waterwheel drove a gear shift that powered the bellows which fanned the forges charcoal fire, Dorseys Forge and made nails and horseshoes against English law forbidding finished production in the Colonies. During the American Revolutionary War he made cannons and bayonets, in 1772, Samuel and Edward Dorsey inherited their father Calebs estate. In 1787 Samuel died, there were 9 or more slaves that worked his operation at the time, benjamin, Jonathan, Elias, George, Charles, and Thomas Ellicott from Pennsylvania created the Avalon Iron Works in 1822, purchasing Dorseys Forge and the Elkridge Furnace land. Andrew Ellicott built new furnace in 1826 manufacturing nails and rolled, pig iron was used to create nails using waterpower at the forge in the 1800s. More than 100 people worked at the complex by the 1850s, the same year the Ellicotts furnace operations were foreclosed on by the Maryland Bank after iron prices dropped drastically. The Union Bank of Maryland purchased 700 acres including the forge for $25,000 in April 1850, the Furnace was acquired by the Great Falls Iron Company in 1854. The forge, factory, mill and deep channels were destroyed in a flood in 1868. Enough was rebuilt to production until 1873 when floodwaters mixed with molten iron. Two structures that remained including the Furnace Inn are in an extension of the Patapsco Valley State Park. In 2013, the Howard County Housing and Community Development and Ingerman Group attempted to place low income housing apartments next to the setting on the riverbanks adjacent to the site. Hockley Forge and Mill Belmont Estate - Nearby estate with operational forge in same period, Elkridge Furnace Complex, Howard County, including photo from 2001, at Maryland Historical Trust
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Hockley Forge and Mill
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The Hockley Forge and Mill are a collection of colonial-era industrial buildings along the Patapsco River near modern Elkridge, Maryland. Located at the head of navigation, the site is a flat section of land along the Patapsco River valley with steep embankments on either side. At its 19th-century peak, the site more than 30 industrial buildings. Initially, the site was the Patapsco crossing of the Old Indian Road surveyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1734, in 1760, the forge site was surveyed by Edward Norwood, the forge itself was founded June 14 by Charles Carroll of Carrollton as the Baltimore Company. Other partners included Charles Carroll of Duddington, Daniel and Walter Dulany, Charles Carroll and Benjamin Tasker, operated by slaves, the forge produced goods to replace ones imported from England. When the old Baltimore forge burned down in April 1772, slaves were sent to work at the Hockley Forge, in 1781, the state of Maryland seized the company once owned in part by two Dulany cousins who were loyal to the British. Dan Dulany of Baltimore owned a remaining interest in the forge and he cited that at the time, the forge property contained 100 acres and was operated by 98 slaves valued at 40 pounds each. Forge work depended on a supply of coal and wood which idled the plant in 1783. In 1794, Christopher Johnston purchased the property and sold the equipment from the mill to George Elliott for his upstream mill in 1807. The property was auctioned on September 16,1819, renovated by the Carroll and Oliver families, a large distillery operation was put into operation by John McKim Jr. which ceased by 1833 when the Thomas Viaduct construction began. The mill continued in operation by George T Worthington until a fire in 1856, in 1868, a major flood damaged the four-story mill. The Levering family acquired the site and sold it in 1876 to the Viaduct Manufacturing Company, a street through the site is now named Levering Avenue. From 1906-1910, a 20-by-30-foot room was rented to Marion B, davis, who manufactured brass screw threads and socket assemblies for automobiles delivered by horse and carriage. The Viaduct Company produced telegraph equipment onsite until it was abandoned in 1914, since 1914, most of the remaining buildings have been demolished or destroyed by fire or flood. Hockley Forge 1760 - Built of stone Saw Mill Built before 1794 - Frame construction Hockley-in-the-Hole One-story brick structure,42 by 15 feet, named after a separate land tract called Hockley-in-the-Hole by patented by Edward Dorsey in 1664. Grist Mill Two story flour mill built on East side of viaduct in 1852 Grist Mill House Telescoping structure with slave quarters
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Hurricane Agnes
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Hurricane Agnes was, at the time, the costliest hurricane to hit the United States in recorded history. Initially forming as a depression, the storm headed slowly eastward. Once in the Caribbean, the depression began to strengthen, and by the following day, thereafter, Agnes slowly curved northward and passed just west of Cuba on June 17. Early on June 18, the storm intensified enough to be upgraded to Hurricane Agnes, heading northward, the hurricane eventually made landfall near Panama City, Florida late on June 19. After moving inland, Agnes rapidly weakened and was only a depression when it entered Georgia. The weakening trend halted as the storm crossed over Georgia and into South Carolina, while over eastern North Carolina, Agnes re-strengthened into a tropical storm on June 21, as a result of baroclinic activity. Early the following day, the storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean before re-curving northwestward, Agnes quickly became an extratropical cyclone on June 23, and tracked to the northwest of Great Britain before becoming absorbed by another cyclone on July 6. Though it moved slowly across the Yucatán Peninsula, damage in Mexico is unknown, although the storm bypassed the tip of Cuba, heavy rainfall occurred, killing seven people. In Florida, Agnes caused a significant tornado outbreak, with at least 26 confirmed twisters, the tornadoes and two initially unconfirmed tornadoes in Florida alone resulted in over $4.5 million in damage and six fatalities. At least 2,082 structures in Florida suffered either major damage or were destroyed, about 1,355 other dwellings experienced minor losses. Though Agnes made landfall as a hurricane, no hurricane-force winds were reported, along the coast abnormally high tides resulted in extensive damage, especially between Apalachicola and Cedar Key. Light to moderate rainfall was reported in Florida, though no significant flooding occurred, in Georgia, damage was limited to two tornadoes, which caused approximately $275,000 in losses. Minimal effects were recorded in Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Rhode Island, South Carolina. The most significant effects, by far, occurred in Pennsylvania, the hurricane severely flooded the Susquehanna River and the Lackawanna River causing major damage to the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre metropolitan area. In both Pennsylvania and New Jersey combined, about 43,594 structures were destroyed or significantly damaged. In Canada, a home was toppled, killing two people. Overall, Agnes caused 128 fatalities and nearly $3 billion in damage, though more recently, due to the significant effects, the name Agnes was retired in the spring of 1973. In early-mid June 1972, atmospheric conditions favored tropical cyclogenesis in the Caribbean Sea, banded convection developed in the northwestern Caribbean Sea by June 11, though the system did not significantly organize
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Patapsco Female Institute
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Patapsco Female Institute is a former girls boarding school, now a partially rebuilt historical site, located on Church Road in Ellicott City, Maryland, United States. The grounds are home to popular outdoor theatrical performances by The Chesapeake Shakespeare Company, in the 1930s the Institute was also known as Warwick. The Patapsco Female Institute was chartered in January 1834 and it was designed by architect Robert Cary Long, Jr. and built by Charles Timanus, who also built the Court House. It opened on January 1,1837 as a finishing school. The granite faced school sized for 100 students was built on 12 acres of land in Ellicotts Mills for a cost of $27,000, the hillside building was close to the new B&O railroad terminal and turnpike roads. A waterworks, greenhouse, servants quarters, and facilities for teachers were built on the grounds. Classes consisted of Latin, mathematics, music, religion, a Normal school program was instituted with students providing labor to reduce tuition. Profit was gained from boarding fees and textbook sales, between 1841 and 1855, the school was operated by Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps. Phelps, a northerner and Union supporter relocated to a slave state, in 1864, Phelps wrote of the fatal curse of slavery and a present obscure, dimmed with the tears which fall from mourners eyes throughout the land. During Phelps tenure, the school expanded from six teachers with forty one students to eight teachers, in 1852, the State removed funding for the school and a board of directors was established with Judge Thomas Beale Dorsey presiding. In 1856, Robert Archer became manager of the school, serving until 1879, during the Civil War, the 12th New Jersey Infantry Regiment camped near the Institutes grounds in 1862 while guarding the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad against the Confederacys advance. In 1891, it was purchased by a James E. Tyson, the last manager of the school was Sarah N. Randolph until 1896 when the board of directors sold the declining school. It was converted to a hotel called the Burg Alnwick Hotel. Fourteen years later, in 1905, it was purchased by a Miss Lilly Tyson, in 1917, during the First World War, the building was called into service as a hospital. It was fitted with 50 beds to accommodate wounded veterans returning to the States, in later years, the building was used as a theater and again as a private residence. In 1938, the Howard County School board considered the site for a new school, the guests of the Burg Alnick Hotel used the grounds for shooting clay pigeons. In 1958, the property was sold to the final resident, Howard county made a demand of the owner to remove all wood from the structure to prevent fires, including the roof, floors and paneling leaving the institute in a permanent state of ruins. The property was willed to Dr. Whismans Alma-mater, the University of Cincinnati, in 1966, the County considered buying the eight acre property again as parkland from the University of Cincinnati using a news transfer tax for school and park projects
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Roxbury Mill
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Roxbury Mill is a historic flour and grist mill located in Glenwood, Howard County, Maryland, now part of the Howard County Farm Museum. The Roxbury Mill is located next to the Catt Tale river and with starting in 1753 by Capt. Philemon Dorsey Richard. The one and a half story stone mill with cellar was completed after 1791 and it used an Oliver Evans licensed automated milling process that cost $20 at the time. Samuel Thomas paid $800 damages to Evans in April 1818 for using the technology without a license. In 1850, the owned by Allen Bowie Davis was in full production with two employees and one packer producing 125,000 lb of meal and 25,000 lb chop flour on three wheels. The Dorsey family sent slaves from Roxbury Mills in their place during the Civil War Draft, in 1874 it was sold to George Peddicord. A waterwheel and gears made of steel replaced the construction in 1917. Ray Higgins and later owner Ray Smallwood Sr. operated bootleg distilleries at the mill, the mill remained in operation until 1962. The mill was stabilized with a roof, but fell into a period of purposeful neglect with mill race. The widow Irene Smallwood felt that donating the property to the Maryland Historical Society would not raise enough money, the Grover family pursued county funds to restore the building, but were ordered by the county in 1993 to stabilize the structure or tear it down. In 2002, the mill was dismantled due to safety issues, the property was subdivided to 1 acre. The foundation was left onsite, with components shipped to the Howard County Antique Farm Machinery Club for reassembly which has not been started, a store was built next to the mill in 1825 operated by J. D. Matthews. The log core of the house was built prior 1820 with shingle siding and a L shaped addition, in 1929, the property was purchased by Raymond and Irene small as the Roxbury Farm and was later reduced to 5 acres. The Wilson house dates to the period as the Millers House. The house is built around a log core that once was a slave quarters. List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust Dorseyville, Maryland
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Thomas Viaduct
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The Thomas Viaduct spans the Patapsco River and Patapsco Valley between Relay and Elkridge, Maryland, USA. It was commissioned by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, built between July 4,1833, and July 4,1835, and named for Philip E. Thomas, the companys first president. At its completion, the Thomas Viaduct was the largest bridge in the United States and it remains the worlds oldest multiple arched stone railroad bridge. In 1964, it was designated as a National Historic Landmark, the viaduct is now owned and operated by CSX Transportation and still in use today, making it one of the oldest railroad bridges still in service. This Roman-arch stone bridge is divided into eight spans and it was designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, II, then B&Os assistant engineer and later its chief engineer. The main design problem to overcome was that of constructing such a bridge on a curve. The design called for several variations in span and pier widths between the sides of the structure. This problem was solved by having the lateral pier faces laid out on radial lines, the viaduct was built by John McCartney of Ohio, who received the contract after completing the Patterson Viaduct. Caspar Wever, the chief of construction, supervised the work. The span of the viaduct is 612 feet long, the arches are roughly 58 feet in span. The width at the top of the spandrel wall copings is 26 feet 4 inches, the bridge is constructed using a rough-dressed Maryland granite ashlar from Patapsco River quarries, known as Woodstock granite. A wooden-floored walkway built for pedestrian and railway use is four feet wide and supported by cast iron brackets. The viaduct contains 24,476 cubic yards of masonry and cost $142,236.51, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was one of the oldest railroads in the United States. Construction began on July 4,1828, with the route following the Patapsco River to Ellicotts Mills In 1835 the Washington Branch was constructed. This new line branched at Relay, the site of a former post road hotel, the 1830s Relay House served as a hotel until it was replaced by the $50,078.41 Viaduct Hotel in 1872. The Gothic combination railroad station and hotel operated until 1938 and was torn down in 1950, on one side the monument reads, The Thomas Viaduct, Commenced July 4,1833 Finished, July 4,1835. He also celebrated the work by having his men kneel on the deck of the viaduct while mock baptizing them with a pint of whiskey. Until after the American Civil War, the B&O was the railroad into Washington
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Liberty Reservoir
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Liberty Reservoir is a reservoir west of Baltimore, Maryland, about a mile north of Patapsco Valley State Parks McKeldin area. It is owned by the City of Baltimore Department of Public Works, but is located outside of the city and this 1,225 hectare was the former site of the town of Oakland Mills, and the Melville Woolen Mills. The land was purchased from the Melville family in the 1930s, a rumor swirled that Oakland would be destroyed, but few left. An announcement was made in 1942 that a reservoir was to be built, but reality hit in 1947. In 1951, the government bought the Melville Woolen Mill for $1.5 million and it bought the farms and houses that were in the way of the lake. The tenant workers were forced to leave, the mill was dynamited, although its five-story shell remained. It took years for the water to high enough to cover the crumbling walls. Over several years, the springs, tributaries, and other water sources filled in where Oakland Mills once stood to create the reservoir. Water overflowed the crest for the first time on February 6,1956, the North Branch of the Patapsco River is the primary tributary that feeds the reservoir. Other tributaries include Beaver Run, Keyers Run, Prugh Run, Morgan Run, Middle Run, Locust Run, Reservoir length is 11 mi with a shoreline length at full pool of 81 mi. The average depth is 59 ft with a depth of 144 ft. The reservoir is open to a vast array of activities, patrons can bike, hike, fish, birdwatch, and relax. Prohibited activities include camping, fires, swimming and alcohol consumption, although not allowed, it is often very common to find swimmers in the heat of the summer, typically the areas teenagers. Baltimore Environmental Police Officers are now patrolling all three of the cities watersheds, as of late 2014, the dam tourist area lookout has been fenced sometime recently, providing a taller barrier for those adventurous. The trails around the reservoir consist of unpaved fire access roads, which are kept clear. There is a range north of the dam that is used by the Maryland State Police. Geographic data related to Liberty Reservoir at OpenStreetMap Liberty Reservoir Cooperative Wildlife Management Area - Description, map and regulations Metro Reservoir Anglers, Inc
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