2 Maccabees, also known as the Second Book of Maccabees, Second Maccabees, and abbreviated as 2 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which recounts the persecution of Jews under King Antiochus IV Epiphan
A Byzantine-style fresco at the Santa Maria Antiqua church in Rome, likely painted around 650 AD. It depicts the woman and her seven sons (here named Solomne) and Eleazar, their teacher. The story of their martyrdom is the most famous part of 2 Maccabees.
The Triumph of Judas Maccabeus, a 1630s work by Peter Paul Rubens. The scene depicted is from 2 Maccabees: After a campaign in Idumea, some Jews fell against Gorgias's forces. According to the epitomist, these Jews died because they had idols on them; Judas makes a sin offering in recompense. This offering would become cited in the 1400s and 1500s as a defense of Catholic doctrine on purgatory and indulgences.
The woman with seven sons was a Jewish martyr described in the deuterocanonical 2 Maccabees 7 and elaborated in 4 Maccabees. She and her seven sons were arrested during the persecution of Judaism init
The Holy Maccabee Martyrs, showing the Seven Brothers and their Mother, with Eleazar whose own martyrdom was in the previous passage.
Antonio Ciseri's Martyrdom of the Seven Maccabees (1863), depicting the woman with her dead sons.
The Martyrdom of the Seven Maccabees in the Golden Legend (1497).
The Courage of a Mother, one of Gustave Doré's illustrations for La Grande Bible de Tours, 1866.