1.
Dorothy Chandler Pavilion
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The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is one of the halls in the Los Angeles Music Center. The Music Centers other halls include the Mark Taper Forum, Ahmanson Theatre, the Pavilion has 3,156 seats spread over four tiers, with chandeliers, wide curving stairways and rich décor. The auditoriums sections are the Orchestra, Circle, Loge, as well as Balcony, construction started on March 9,1962, and it was dedicated September 27,1964. The Pavilion was named for Dorothy Buffum Chandler who “led effort to build a home for the Los Angeles Philharmonic. The result was Mrs. Chandler’s crowning achievement, the Music Center of Los Angeles County and her tenacious nine-year campaign on behalf of the Music Center produced more than $19 million in private donations” noted Albert Greenstein in 1999. The building was designed by architect Welton Becket, the project was an example of his firms approach of total design, in which he managed all aspects including design, construction, fixtures, and interior finishes to achieve a coherent whole. The result was the Los Angeles County Holiday Celebration, a Christmas Eve tradition sponsored by the Board of Supervisors, the program is broadcast on KCET-TV and an edited version of the prior years show is syndicated to public television stations via PBS. The opening concert was held on December 6,1964 with Zubin Mehta conducting the Los Angeles Philharmonic with soloist Jascha Heifetz, the program included Fanfare by Richard Strauss, American Festival Overture by William Schuman, Roman Festivals by Ottorino Respighi, Beethovens Violin Concerto. The Los Angeles Master Chorale, under Music Director Roger Wagner, was the other founding resident company at the Pavilion, before creation of the Los Angeles Opera company, the New York City Opera came regularly on tour and performed in the Pavilion. One such tour, in 1967, consisted of two performances of Madama Butterfly, one of La Traviata, and two of Ginasteras Don Rodrigo, each with Plácido Domingo singing the tenor role. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held its annual Academy Awards in the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion from 1969 to 1987,1990,1992 to 1994,1996, the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is featured in the 2008 video game Midnight Club, Los Angeles. The site was used as the location for a perfume ad directed by Spike Jonze. Since 1964, a Christmas Eve tradition for the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is the annual free Holiday Celebration funded by Los Angeles County and it is six hours of music and dance by groups from all around Los Angeles county. The performances are also broadcast on the KCET public television station with a version broadcast on PBS since 2002. Los Angeles Opera List of opera houses Toland, James W, the Music Center Story, a Decade of Achievement 1964–1974, The Music Center Foundation, Los Angeles,1974. Los Angeles Music Centers page on the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion Homepage of the Los Angeles Opera company
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
Liza Minnelli
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Liza May Minnelli is an American actress and singer. She is considered both an American icon and a gay icon, Minnelli is the daughter of film actress and singer Judy Garland and film director Vincente Minnelli. She began her career as a teenager in New York City as a theatre actress. Minnelli also regularly performed with her famous mother, including a 1964 joint engagement at the London Palladium and in Garlands own CBS television series The Judy Garland Show. In 1965 she made her Broadway debut in the musical Flora the Red Menace and was awarded the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical and her other film roles have included Golden Globe Award nominated performances in Lucky Lady, New York, New York and Arthur. She has successfully returned to the Broadway stage on a number of occasions, from the late 1970s onwards, Minnellis work has predominantly focused on concert tours and nightclub performances. She gave highly regarded performances at Carnegie Hall in 1979 and 1987, in the late 1980s she toured alongside Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr. in Frank, Liza & Sammy, The Ultimate Event. Minnelli was born on March 12,1946 in Hollywood, California, to Vincente Minnelli and she attended New York Citys High School of Performing Arts and Chadwick School. Her first performing experience on film was at age three where she appeared in the scene of the musical In the Good Old Summertime. The film stars Garland and Van Johnson, Minnelli has a half-sister, Lorna, and half-brother, Joey, from Garlands marriage to Sid Luft. She also has another half-sister, Christiane Nina Minnelli, from her fathers second marriage, Minnellis godparents were Kay Thompson and Ira Gershwin. Her parents named her after Ira Gershwins song Liza, during 1961, Minnelli was an apprentice at the Cape Cod Melody Tent, Hyannis, Massachusetts. She appeared in the chorus of Flower Drum Song and played the part of Muriel in Take Me Along, Minnelli began performing professionally at age 17, in 1963, in an Off-Broadway revival of the musical Best Foot Forward, for which she received the Theatre World Award. The next year, her mother invited Liza to perform with her in concert at the London Palladium, both concerts were recorded and released as an album. She attended Scarsdale High School for one year, starring in a production of The Diary of Anne Frank which then went to Israel on tour and she turned to Broadway at 19, and won her first Tony Award as a leading actress for Flora the Red Menace. It was the first time she worked with the musical duo John Kander, Minnelli began as a nightclub singer as an adolescent, making her professional nightclub debut at the age of 19 at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D. C. That same year she began appearing in clubs and on stage in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami. Her success as a performer led to her recording several albums for Capitol Records
4.
Dudley Moore
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Dudley Stuart John Moore, CBE was an English actor, comedian, musician and composer. The double act worked on other projects until the mid-1970s, by which time Moore had settled in Los Angeles to concentrate on his film acting. His solo career as a film actor was heightened by the success of hit Hollywood films, particularly Foul Play,10. For the latter film, Moore was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and he received a second Golden Globe for his performance in Micki & Maude. Moore was born at the original Charing Cross Hospital in central London, the son of Ada Francis, a secretary, and John Moore and his father was Scottish, from Glasgow. His mother stated that Dudley was 1/8th Jewish, Moore was brought up in Dagenham, Essex. He was notably short at 5 ft 2 in and was born with club feet that required hospital treatment and, coupled with his diminutive stature. This was something he remained very self-conscious of throughout his life, Moore became a choirboy at the age of six. At age eleven he earned a scholarship to the Guildhall School of Music and he rapidly developed into a highly talented pianist and organist and was playing the pipe organ at local church weddings by the age of 14. Moores musical talent won him a scholarship to Magdalen College. While studying music and composition there, he performed with Alan Bennett in the Oxford Revue. During his university years, Moore had developed a love of music and soon became an accomplished jazz pianist. He began working with leading musicians as John Dankworth and Cleo Laine. In 1960, he left Dankworths band to work on Beyond the Fringe, Moore then recommended Bennett, who in turn suggested Peter Cook. Beyond the Fringe was at the forefront of the 1960s UK satire boom, although the original runs in Edinburgh. There were also a number of items in the show, using Dudley Moores music. In 1962, the transferred to the John Golden Theatre in New York. President John F. Kennedy attended a performance on 10 February 1963, the show continued in New York until 1964
5.
Richard Pryor
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Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor was an American stand-up comedian, social critic, and actor. Pryor was known for uncompromising examinations of racism and topical contemporary issues and he reached a broad audience with his trenchant observations and storytelling style. Dave Chappelle said of Pryor, You know those, like and he was the dude walking upright. Richard was the highest evolution of comedy and this legacy can be attributed, in part, to the unusual degree of intimacy Pryor brought to bear on his comedy. As Bill Cosby reportedly once said, Richard Pryor drew the line between comedy and tragedy as thin as one could possibly paint it. Pryors body of work includes the concert movies and recordings, Richard Pryor, Live & Smokin, Bicentennial Nigger, Richard Pryor, Live in Concert, Richard Pryor, Live on the Sunset Strip, and Richard Pryor, Here and Now. As an actor, he starred mainly in comedies such as Silver Streak and he collaborated on many projects with actor Gene Wilder. Another frequent collaborator was actor/comedian/writer Paul Mooney, Pryor won an Emmy Award and five Grammy Awards. In 1974, he won two American Academy of Humor awards and the Writers Guild of America Award. The first-ever Kennedy Center Mark Twain Prize for American Humor was presented to him in 1998 and he was listed at Number 1 on Comedy Centrals list of all-time greatest stand-up comedians. In 2017, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him first on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time, many comedians have stated that the late Patrice ONeal was the only comic who came close to achieving Pryors stage presence. Pryor and ONeals discussions on race and gender is considered by many prominent stand-ups to be some of the best material performed in stand-up history. Born on December 1,1940 in Peoria, Illinois, Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor grew up in his grandmothers brothel and his father, LeRoy Buck Carter Pryor, was a former boxer and hustler. After his alcoholic mother abandoned him when he was 10, Pryor was raised primarily by his grandmother Marie Carter, Pryor was one of four children raised in his grandmothers brothel and was sexually abused at age seven. He was expelled from school at the age of 14 and his first professional performance was playing drums at a night club. Pryor served in the U. S. Army from 1958 to 1960, according to a 1999 profile about Pryor in The New Yorker, Pryor was incarcerated for an incident that occurred while stationed in Germany. Angered that a soldier was overly amused at the racially charged sections of Douglas Sirks movie Imitation of Life, Pryor and some other black soldiers beat and stabbed him. In 1963, Pryor moved to New York City and began performing regularly in clubs alongside performers such as Bob Dylan, on one of his first nights, he opened for singer and pianist Nina Simone at New Yorks Village Gate
6.
Walter Matthau
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He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1966 Billy Wilder film The Fortune Cookie. Besides the Oscar, he was the winner of BAFTA, Golden Globe, Matthau was born Walter John Matthow on October 1,1920, in New York Citys Lower East Side. His mother, Rose, was a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant who worked in a garment sweatshop, as part of a lifelong love of practical jokes, Matthau himself created the rumors that his middle name was Foghorn and his last name was originally Matuschanskayasky. As a young boy, Matthau attended a Jewish non-profit sleepaway camp, Tranquillity Camp and he also attended Surprise Lake Camp. His high school was Seward Park High School and he worked for a short time as a concession stand cashier in the Yiddish Theatre District. He was based at RAF Old Buckenham, Norfolk during this time and he reached the rank of staff sergeant and became interested in acting. He took classes in acting at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School with German director Erwin Piscator and he often joked that his best early review came in a play where he posed as a derelict. One reviewer said, The others just looked like actors in make-up, Matthau was a respected stage actor for years in such fare as Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter. He won the 1962 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a play, Matthau appeared in the pilot of Mister Peepers with Wally Cox. For reasons unknown he used the name Leonard Elliot and his role was of the gym teacher Mr. Wall. He made his motion picture debut as a bad guy in The Kentuckian opposite Burt Lancaster. He played a villain in King Creole, in which he gets beaten up by Elvis Presley, around the same time, he made Ride a Crooked Trail with Audie Murphy, and Onionhead starring Andy Griffith, the latter was a flop. Matthau had a role opposite Griffith in the well received drama A Face in the Crowd. Matthau also directed a movie called The Gangster Story and was a sympathetic sheriff in Lonely Are the Brave. He appeared opposite Audrey Hepburn in Charade, appearances on television were common too, including two on Naked City, as well as an episode of The Eleventh Hour. He appeared eight times between 1962 and 1964 on The DuPont Show of the Week and as Franklin Gaer in an episode of Dr. Kildare, additionally he featured in the syndicated crime drama Tallahassee 7000, as a Florida-based state police investigator. Comedies were rare in Matthaus work at that time, Neil Simon cast him in the play The Odd Couple in 1965, with Matthau playing slovenly sportswriter Oscar Madison, opposite Art Carney as Felix Unger. Matthau later reprised the role in the version, with Jack Lemmon as Felix Ungar
7.
Howard W. Koch
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Howard Winchel Koch was an American director and producer of film and television. Born to a Jewish family in in New York City, he attended DeWitt Clinton High School and he began his film career as an employee at Universal Studios office in New York then made his Hollywood filmmaking debut in 1947 as an assistant director. He worked as a producer for the first time in 1953, in 1964, Paramount Pictures appointed him head of film production, a position he held until 1966 when he left to set up his own production company. Among his numerous productions, Howard W. Koch produced the Academy Awards show on eight occasions. Dedicated to the industry, he served as President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts, in 1990 the Academy honored him with The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and in 1991 he received the Frank Capra Achievement Award from the Directors Guild of America. Together with actor Telly Savalas, Howard Koch owned Tellys Pop, winner of several important California races for juveniles including the Norfolk Stakes, Howard W. Koch suffered from Alzheimers disease and died in Los Angeles in 2001. He had two children from a marriage of 64 years to Ruth Pincus, in 2004, his son Hawk Koch was elected to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciencess Board of Governors. Film Shield for Murder Big House, U. S. A. S. A, some Kind of Hero Airplane II, The Sequel Ghost Television Magnavox Presents Frank Sinatra Howard W. Koch at the Internet Movie Database
8.
Gandhi (film)
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Gandhi was written by John Briley and produced and directed by Richard Attenborough. It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role, although a practising Hindu, Gandhis embracing of other faiths, particularly Christianity and Islam, is also depicted. Gandhi was released in India on 30 November 1982, in the United Kingdom on 3 December and it was nominated for Academy Awards in eleven categories, winning eight, including Best Picture. Richard Attenborough won for Best Director, and Ben Kingsley won for Best Actor, the screenplay of Gandhi is available as a published book. The film opens with a statement from the filmmakers explaining their approach to the problem of filming Gandhis complex life story, There is no way to give each year its allotted weight, to include each event, each person who helped to shape a lifetime. What can be done is to be faithful in spirit to the record, the film begins on the day of Gandhis assassination on 30 January 1948. After an evening prayer, an elderly Gandhi is helped out for his walk to meet a large number of greeters and admirers. One of these visitors, Nathuram Godse, shoots him point blank in the chest, the film then cuts to a huge procession at his funeral, which is attended by dignitaries from around the world. The early life of Gandhi is not depicted in the film, realising the laws are biased against Indians, he then decides to start a nonviolent protest campaign for the rights of all Indians in South Africa. After numerous arrests and unwelcome international attention, the government finally relents by recognising some rights for Indians, after this victory, Gandhi is invited back to India, where he is now considered something of a national hero. He is urged to take up the fight for Indias independence, Gandhi agrees, and mounts a nonviolent non-cooperation campaign of unprecedented scale, coordinating millions of Indians nationwide. There are some setbacks, such as violence against the protesters, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre is also depicted in the film. Nevertheless, the campaign generates great attention, and Britain faces intense public pressure, after World War II, Britain finally grants Indian independence. Indians celebrate this victory, but their troubles are far from over, the country is subsequently divided by religion. It is decided that the northwest area and the part of India. It is hoped that by encouraging the Muslims to live in a separate country, Gandhi is opposed to the idea, and is even willing to allow Muhammad Ali Jinnah to become the first prime minister of India, but the Partition of India is carried out nevertheless. Religious tensions between Hindus and Muslims erupt into nationwide violence, horrified, Gandhi declares a hunger strike, saying he will not eat until the fighting stops. Gandhi spends his last days trying to bring peace between both nations
9.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
10.
54th Academy Awards
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The 54th Academy Awards were presented March 29,1982 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson, Chariots of Fire was the surprise winner of the Best Picture Oscar. It was the first time in 13 years that a British film won the Academys top honor, next years winner, Gandhi, was also a British production. Henry Fonda won his only competitive Oscar this year, as Best Actor for On Golden Pond, at 76 years of age, Fonda became the oldest winner in the Best Actor category in Academy history. The only other nomination he received in his career was Best Actor for his performance in The Grapes of Wrath 41 years earlier – a record gap between acting nominations. His co-star, Katharine Hepburn, won her fourth Best Actress award and this years nominations also marked the second time that three different films were nominated for the Top Five Academy Awards, Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress and Screenplay. The three films were On Golden Pond, Atlantic City and Reds, however, none of them won the Best Picture prize, losing to Chariots of Fire. This also marked the first year that the award for Best Makeup was presented and this was the last year until the 2005 Oscars where all five Best Picture nominations were also nominated for Best Director. Reds was the last film to gain nominations in all four acting categories until Silver Linings Playbook matched that feat at the 85th Academy Awards ceremony in 2013 and this is also the most recent ceremony for which the four acting award winners are all now deceased. Chariots of Fire became the last film to win Best Picture, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, blast from the Past, The Oscars of 1982, a January 2007 Entertainment Weekly article looking back at the 54th Academy Awards ceremony
11.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
12.
56th Academy Awards
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The 56th Academy Awards were presented April 9,1984 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson, the Best Supporting Actress winner this year was unique. Tompkins becomes the first African-American to be nominated in Best Costume Design, james L. Brooks won three Academy Awards this year, winning as producer, director and writer of Best Picture winner Terms of Endearment. Of its other eight nominations, two were for Best Actress, Shirley MacLaine won over Debra Winger in that category, the movie won five Oscars, the fifth being Jack Nicholsons second career Oscar. The performance occurred over the credits to the broadcast. The Award for Best Makeup was not given this year, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. As a result, Foote made sure he was present for the ceremony when he was nominated for Tender Mercies, he won that Oscar as well, the following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
13.
Louis Gossett Jr.
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Louis Cameron Gossett Jr. is an American actor. Gossett has also starred in film productions including A Raisin In The Sun. Gossett was born in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, New York, on May 27,1936, to Hellen Rebecca, a nurse and he is an alumnus of Mark Twain Intermediate School 239 and Abraham Lincoln High School. His stage debut came at the age of 17, in a production of You Cant Take It with You when a sports injury resulted in the decision to take an acting class. Polio had already delayed his graduation, after graduating from Abraham Lincoln High School in 1954, he attended New York University, declining an athletic scholarship. Standing 64, he was offered the opportunity to play varsity basketball during his years at NYU. Gossett replaced Bill Gunn as Spencer Scott in Broadways Take a Giant Step and he was 17, and still a student at Abraham Lincoln High School, with no formal drama training. Gossetts Broadway theatre credits include A Raisin in the Sun, Gossett stepped into the world of cinema in the Sidney Poitier vehicle A Raisin in the Sun in 1961. Also in 1961, Gossett appeared in the original cast of Jean Genets The Blacks, the original cast also featured James Earl Jones, Roscoe Lee Browne, Cicely Tyson, Godfrey Cambridge, Maya Angelou and Charles Gordone. In 1965, Gossett appeared in the play, Zulu. Gossett wrote the antiwar folk song Handsome Johnny with Richie Havens which Havens recorded in 1966 and his Emmy Award-winning role of Fiddler in the 1977 television miniseries Roots first brought Gossett to the audiences attention. In 1983, he was cast in the role in Sadat. While filming An Officer and a Gentleman, Gossett was also starring in the 1982–1983 science fiction series and his role as drill instructor Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley in the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman won him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was the first African-American male to win an Oscar in a role, the second black male to win for acting. In 1986, Gossett starred in another role as a man in the film Iron Eagle. It was followed by three sequels, Gossett is the voice of the Vortigaunts in the video game Half-Life 2 and is the Free Jaffa Leader Gerak in Season 9 of the sci-fi television series Stargate SG-1. He provides the voice of Lucius Fox in The Batman animated series and he recorded several commercials for a Nashville-based diabetic company, AmMed Direct, LLC. In 1997, Gossett presented When Animals Attack,4, a one-hour special on Fox
14.
African Americans
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African Americans are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The term may also be used to only those individuals who are descended from enslaved Africans. As a compound adjective the term is usually hyphenated as African-American, Black and African Americans constitute the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of 73. 2–80. 9% West African, 18–24% European, according to US Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities, immigrants from some Caribbean, Central American and South American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term. After the founding of the United States, black people continued to be enslaved, believed to be inferior to white people, they were treated as second-class citizens. The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U. S. citizenship to whites only, in 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. The first African slaves arrived via Santo Domingo to the San Miguel de Gualdape colony, the ill-fated colony was almost immediately disrupted by a fight over leadership, during which the slaves revolted and fled the colony to seek refuge among local Native Americans. De Ayllón and many of the colonists died shortly afterwards of an epidemic, the settlers and the slaves who had not escaped returned to Haiti, whence they had come. The first recorded Africans in British North America were 20 and odd negroes who came to Jamestown, as English settlers died from harsh conditions, more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. Typically, young men or women would sign a contract of indenture in exchange for transportation to the New World, the landowner received 50 acres of land from the state for each servant purchased from a ships captain. An indentured servant would work for years without wages. The status of indentured servants in early Virginia and Maryland was similar to slavery, servants could be bought, sold, or leased and they could be physically beaten for disobedience or running away. Africans could legally raise crops and cattle to purchase their freedom and they raised families, married other Africans and sometimes intermarried with Native Americans or English settlers. By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards and purchased indentured servants of their own. In 1640, the Virginia General Court recorded the earliest documentation of slavery when they sentenced John Punch. One of Dutch African arrivals, Anthony Johnson, would own one of the first black slaves, John Casor
15.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
16.
An Officer and a Gentleman
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It tells the story of Zack, a U. S. Navy Aviation Officer Candidate who is beginning his training at Aviation Officer Candidate School. The film was written by Douglas Day Stewart and directed by Taylor Hackford and its title is an old expression from the British Royal Navy and later from the U. S. Uniform Code of Military Justices charge of conduct unbecoming an Officer, the film was commercially released in the U. S. on August 13,1982. It was well received by critics, with a number calling it the best film of 1982 and it also was a financial success, grossing $130 million against a $6 million budget. Zachary Zack Mayo is preparing to report to Aviation Officer Candidate School, as he is doing so, he has brief flashbacks of his childhood. After the death of his mother, an adolescent Zack was sent to live with his only living relative, his father Byron Mayo. The elder Mayo, a Navy Chief Petty Officer/Chief Boatswains Mate, when Zack said he needed help, Byron said he did not ask to get married nor be a father, because he is always out on sea all the time. But seeing the look on his face, he decide to let him stay with him, mostly Zack became a Navy brat and travelled with his father. The flashbacks advance to the present, where Zack has just graduated from college, Byron, who hates officers, tells Zack that his dream of becoming an officer is as unrealistic as hoping to become President. Upon arrival at AOCS, Zack and his fellow AOCs are shocked by the treatment they receive from their head drill instructor. Foley warns the male candidates about the Puget Sound Debs—young women in the area who dream of marrying a Naval Aviator to escape their dull, local lives. Foley claims they scout the regiment for OCs, and will feign pregnancy or even stop using birth control to become pregnant to trap the men, Zack becomes friends with fellow candidates Sid Worley, Emiliano Della Serra, Lionel Perryman, and Casey Seeger. Zack and Sid meet two local young women—factory workers—at a Navy Ball, Zack begins a romantic relationship with Paula Pokrifki and Sid with Lynette Pomeroy. Foley rides Zack mercilessly, believing he lacks motivation and is not a team player, when Zacks side business of selling pre-shined shoes and belt buckles is discovered, Foley hazes him for a weekend in an attempt to make him DOR, but Zack refuses. Foley states Zack will be declared unfit, which frightens Zack into admitting he has no options in civilian life, henceforth, Zack starts behaving like a team player. Zack and Paula spend the weekend together and she takes him home for dinner to meet her family. Her stepfather behaves strangely, and when Zack asks why, she shows him an old picture of her biological father and he was an AOC who had an affair with her mother, but deserted her following his commissioning and refused to marry her when she became pregnant with Paula. Zack is close to breaking the time for negotiating the obstacle course
17.
Meryl Streep
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Mary Louise Meryl Streep is an American actress and philanthropist. Nominated for 20 Academy Awards, Streep has more nominations than any actor or actress. Streep has also received 30 Golden Globe nominations, winning eight—more nominations, Streep made her professional stage debut in Trelawny of the Wells in 1975, and in 1976 received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for 27 Wagons Full of Cotton. She made her debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season. In 1978, she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust and she went on to win Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer, and Best Actress for Sophies Choice and The Iron Lady. President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts, in 2003, the government of France made her a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters. In 2017, Streep was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. Mary Louise Streep was born on June 22,1949, in Summit, New Jersey, the daughter of Mary Wolf Wilkinson, a commercial artist and art editor, the eldest child, she has two younger brothers, Dana David and Harry William III. Streeps father Harry was of German and Swiss ancestry and her fathers lineage traces back to Loffenau, Germany, from where her second great-grandfather, Gottfried Streeb, immigrated to the United States, and where one of her ancestors served as mayor. Another line of her fathers family was from Giswil, Switzerland and her mother had English, German, and Irish ancestry. Some of Streeps maternal ancestors lived in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island and were descended from 17th-century immigrants from England and her eighth great-grandfather, Lawrence Wilkinson, was one of the first Europeans to settle in Rhode Island. Streep is also a distant relative of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, Streeps maternal great-great-grandparents, Manus McFadden and Grace Strain, the namesake of Streeps second daughter, were natives of the Horn Head district of Dunfanaghy, Ireland. Streeps mother, whom she has compared in both appearance and manner to Dame Judi Dench, strongly encouraged her daughter and instilled confidence in her from a young age. Streep has said, She was a mentor because she said to me, Meryl and she was saying, You can do whatever you put your mind to. If youre lazy, youre not going to get it done, but if you put your mind to it, you can do anything. Although Streep was naturally more introverted than her mother, at times when she later needed an injection of confidence in adulthood, she would consult her mother, asking her for advice. Streep was raised as a Presbyterian in Basking Ridge, New Jersey and attended Cedar Hill Elementary School and the Oak Street School, in her Junior High debut, she starred as Lousie Heller in the play The Family Upstairs. In 1963 the family moved to Bernardsville, New Jersey, where she attended Bernards High School
18.
The French Lieutenant's Woman (film)
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The French Lieutenants Woman is a 1981 British romantic drama film directed by Karel Reisz, produced by Leon Clore and adapted by playwright Harold Pinter. It is based on the novel by John Fowles, the music score is by Carl Davis and the cinematography by Freddie Francis. In both segments, Jeremy Irons and Meryl Streep play the roles, but in line with John Fowles source novel having multiple endings. In the Victorian story, Charles enters into an emotional relationship with Sarah. The two meet secretly in the Lyme Regis Undercliff, and eventually have sex in an Exeter hotel and this leads to Charles breaking off his engagement, but Sarah then disappears. In social disgrace after being sued for breach of promise, Charles searches for Sarah, after three years, Sarah, who has a job as a governess in the Lake District, contacts Charles to explain that she needed time to find herself. Despite Charless initial anger, he forgives her, and the two are reconciled and they are finally seen boating on Lake Windermere. In the modern story, the American actress Anna and the English actor Mike, as filming concludes, although Mike wishes to continue the relationship, Anna becomes increasingly cool about the affair, and avoids Mike in favour of spending time with her French husband. During the film wrap party, Anna leaves without saying goodbye, Mike calls out to Anna from a window as she drives away, using her character name. Leon had produced Karels Morgan, A Suitable Case for Treatment, the film was shot in 1980, on location in Lyme Regis, Exeter, London docks, and Lake Windermere, with studio sets built at Londons Twickenham Studios to Assheton Gortons period-perfect designs. The audience is given alternating sequences of a rigid Victorian society, the book was published in 1969. Its transfer to the big screen was a process, with film rights changing hands a number of times before a treatment, funding. A number of directors were attached to the film, Sidney Lumet, Robert Bolt, Fred Zinnemann, the script went through a number of treatments, including one by Dennis Potter in 1975 and by James Costigan in 1976, before Pinters final draft. The award-winning music was composed by Carl Davis and performed by an unidentified orchestra, sharp Cut, Harold Pinters Screenplays and the Artistic Process. On Filming Metafiction, John Fowless Unpublished The Last Chapter and the Road to Postmodern Cinema, gale, Steven H. Harold Pinters The French Lieutenants Woman, A Masterpiece of Adaptation. Albany, State University of New York Press, Albany, fowlesBooks. com—The Official John Fowles web site The French Lieutenants Woman at the Internet Movie Database The French Lieutenants Woman at Rotten Tomatoes
19.
Kramer vs. Kramer
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Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American drama film adapted by Robert Benton from the novel by Avery Corman, and directed by Benton. The film tells the story of a divorce and its impact on everyone involved. It received five Academy Awards at the 52nd Academy Awards in 1980, in the categories of Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor, Ted Kramer is a workaholic advertising executive who has just been assigned a new and very important account. Ted arrives home and shares the news with his wife Joanna only to find that she is leaving him. Saying that she needs to find herself, she leaves Ted to raise their son Billy by himself, Ted and Billy initially resent one another as Ted no longer has time to carry his increased workload and Billy misses his mothers love and attention. After months of unrest, Ted and Billy learn to cope and gradually bond as father, Ted befriends his neighbor Margaret, who had initially counseled Joanna to leave Ted if she was that unhappy. Margaret is a single parent, and she and Ted become kindred spirits. One day, as the two sit in the park watching their children play, Billy falls off the jungle gym, Ted sprints several blocks through oncoming traffic carrying Billy to the hospital, where he comforts his son during treatment. Fifteen months after she walked out, Joanna returns to New York to claim Billy, during the custody hearing, both Ted and Joanna are unprepared for the brutal character assassinations that their lawyers unleash on the other. Margaret is forced to testify that she had advised an unhappy Joanna to leave Ted, the court awards custody to Joanna, a decision mostly based on the assumption that a child is best raised by his mother. Ted discusses appealing the case, but his lawyer warns that Billy himself would have to take the stand in the resulting trial, Ted cannot bear the thought of submitting his child to such an ordeal, and decides not to contest custody. On the morning that Billy is to move in with Joanna, Ted and Billy make breakfast together and they share a tender hug, knowing that this is their last daily breakfast together. Joanna calls on the intercom, asking Ted to come down to the lobby and she tells Ted how much she loves and wants Billy, but she knows that his true home is with Ted, and therefore will not take custody of him. She asks Ted if she can see Billy, and Ted says that would be fine, as they are about to enter the elevator together, Ted tells Joanna that he will stay downstairs to allow Joanna to see Billy in private. After she enters the elevator, Joanna wipes tears from her face, as the elevator doors start to close on Joanna, Ted answers, You look terrific. At the time, Jackson was appearing in the TV series Charlies Angels, at the time, Streep was cast as Phyllis, this role was eventually given to JoBeth Williams when Streep was cast as Joanna. Cinematographer Néstor Almendros, a collaborator on numerous François Truffaut films, had been hired with the expectation that Truffaut would direct, Truffaut seriously considered it, but was too busy with his own projects and suggested screenwriter Robert Benton direct. The film received reviews from critics
20.
Barbara Walters
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Barbara Jill Walters is an American broadcast journalist, author, and television personality. Walters is known for having hosted a variety of programs, including Today, The View, 20/20. Since retirement as a full-time host and contributor, she has continued to report for ABC News. As a result of her outstanding interviewing ability and her popularity with viewers, even though her production duties made her a significant contributor to the program, she had no input in choosing a successor for Downs when he left in 1971, and Frank McGee was hired. In 1974, at the time of McGees death, Walters acquired the co-host position on the program, from 1979 to 2004, she worked as co-host and a producer for the ABC newsmagazine 20/20. In 1997, Walters created and debuted as a co-host on The View and she retired as a co-host of The View in 2014 after 16 seasons. Walters initially retired as a producer of the program in 2015. Since her retirement from The View, she has hosted a number of reports for 20/20. Additionally, Walters has continued to host her annual 10 Most Fascinating People special on ABC. In 1996, Walters was ranked #34 on the TV Guide 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time list, Barbara Walters was born in 1929 in Boston to Dena and Louis Lou Walters. Her parents were both Jewish, and descendants of refugees from the former Russian Empire, Walters paternal grandfather, Isaac Abrahams, was born in Łódź, Poland, and emigrated to the United Kingdom, changing his name to Abraham Walters. Walters father, Lou, was born in London c.1896 and moved to New York with his father and his mother and four sisters arrived in 1910. In 1949 her father opened the New York version of the Latin Quarter and he also worked as a Broadway producer. He also was the Entertainment Director for the Tropicana Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, Walters brother, Burton, died in 1944 of pneumonia. Walters elder sister, Jacqueline, was mentally disabled and died of ovarian cancer in 1985. According to Walters, her father made and lost several fortunes throughout his life in show business and he was a booking agent, and unlike her uncles who were in the shoe and dress business, his job was not very safe. During the good times, Walters recalls her father taking her to the rehearsals of the club shows he directed and produced. The actresses and dancers would make a fuss over her
21.
Richard Attenborough
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Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough, Kt, CBE was an English actor, filmmaker, entrepreneur, and politician. He was the President of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, as a film director and producer, Attenborough won two Academy Awards for Gandhi in 1983. He also won four BAFTA Awards and four Golden Globe Awards, as an actor, he is perhaps best known for his roles in Brighton Rock, The Great Escape,10 Rillington Place, Miracle on 34th Street and Jurassic Park. He was the brother of David Attenborough, a naturalist and broadcaster, and John Attenborough. He was married to actress Sheila Sim from 1945 until his death, Attenborough was educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys in Leicester and studied at RADA. The sisters moved to the United States in the 1950s and lived with an uncle, during the Second World War, Attenborough served in the Royal Air Force. After initial pilot training he was seconded to the newly formed R. A. F, Film Unit at Pinewood Studios, under the command of Flight Lieutenant John Boulting where he appeared with Edward G. Robinson in the propaganda film Journey Together. Attenboroughs acting career started on stage and he appeared in shows at Leicesters Little Theatre, Dover Street, prior to his going to RADA, in 1949, exhibitors voted him the sixth most popular British actor at the box office. Early in his career, Attenborough starred in the West End production of Agatha Christies The Mousetrap. Both he and his wife were among the original cast members of the production and it was his first appearance in a major Hollywood film blockbuster and his most successful film thus far. His portrayal of the serial killer John Christie in 10 Rillington Place garnered excellent reviews, in 1977, he played the ruthless General Outram, again to great acclaim, in the Indian director Satyajit Rays period piece The Chess Players. He starred in the remake of Miracle on 34th Street as Kris Kringle and he made his only appearance in a film adaptation of Shakespeare when he played the English ambassador who announces that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead at the end of Kenneth Branaghs Hamlet. His performance in The Angry Silence earned him his first nomination for a BAFTA, seance On A Wet Afternoon won him his first BAFTA award. His feature film debut was the all-star screen version of the hit musical Oh. What a Lovely War, after which his acting appearances became sporadic as he concentrated more on directing and producing. He later directed two epic films, Young Winston, based on the early life of Winston Churchill, and A Bridge Too Far. He had been attempting to get the project made for 18 years and he directed the screen version of the musical A Chorus Line and the anti-apartheid drama Cry Freedom. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Director for both films and his later films as director and producer include Chaplin starring Robert Downey, Jr. as Charlie Chaplin and Shadowlands, based on the relationship between C. S. Lewis and Joy Gresham
22.
Ben Kingsley
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Sir Ben Kingsley is an English actor with a career spanning over 40 years. He has won an Oscar, Grammy, BAFTA, two Golden Globes, and a Screen Actors Guild Award and he is known for his starring role as Mohandas Gandhi in the 1982 film Gandhi, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. He is also known for his performances in the films Schindlers List, Twelfth Night, Sexy Beast, Lucky Number Slevin, Shutter Island, Prince of Persia, The Sands of Time, Hugo, and Iron Man 3. Kingsley was made a Knight Bachelor at Buckingham Palace in 2002 for services to the British film industry, in 2010, he was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2013, he received the BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment, Kingsley was born Krishna Bhanji in Snainton, North Riding of Yorkshire. He is the son of Anna Lyna Mary, an actress and model who appeared in films in the 1920s and 1930s, and Rahimtulla Harji Bhanji, Kingsleys father, born in Kenya, was of Gujarati Indian descent. Kingsleys paternal grandfather was an extremely successful spice trader who had moved from India to Zanzibar, Kingsleys mother was British, she was born out of wedlock, and was loath to speak of her background. Kingsley stated in 1994, Im not Jewish, and though there might be some Russian-Jewish heritage way back on my mothers side, the thread is so fine theres no real evidence. Kingsley grew up in Pendlebury, near Manchester and he was educated at Manchester Grammar School, where one of his classmates was the actor Robert Powell. Kingsley studied at the University of Salford and at Pendleton College, while at college he became involved in amateur dramatics in Manchester, making his professional stage debut on graduation, aged 23. In 1967, he made his London West End theatre debut at the Aldwych Theatre, devoting himself almost exclusively to stage work for the next 15 years, he made his Broadway debut in 1971 with the RSC. Kingsley played Mosca in Peter Halls 1977 production of Ben Jonsons Volpone for the Royal National Theatre, at about this time, he changed his name to Ben Kingsley, fearing that a foreign name would hamper his career. He took his name from his fathers nickname of Benji. He also starred in the role of Willy Loman in a 1982 Sydney production of Death of a Salesman opposite Mel Gibson, Kingsley made the transition to film roles early on, with his first role coming in Fear Is the Key, released in 1972. In 1975, he starred as Dante Gabriel Rossetti in the BBCs historical drama The Love School and he found fame only years later, starring as Mohandas Gandhi in the Academy Award-winning film Gandhi in 1982. The film was a critical and financial success, and Kingsley won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, Kingsley has since appeared in a variety of roles. He won a Crystal Globe award for outstanding contribution to world cinema at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 2001. In 1997, he provided voice talent for the video game Ceremony of Innocence, in 1998, he was the head of the jury at the 48th Berlin International Film Festival
23.
Jessica Lange
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Jessica Phyllis Lange is an American actress who has received worldwide acclaim for her work in film, theater, and television. In 2016, Lange became the twenty-second thespian in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting, Lange was discovered by producer Dino De Laurentiis while modeling part-time for the Wilhelmina modelling agency. She made her film debut in his 1976 remake of the 1933 action-adventure classic King Kong, for which she won her first Golden Globe Award. In 2010, she won her first Primetime Emmy Award for her portrayal of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis famed aunt, Big Edie, in addition to acting, Lange is a photographer with three published works. She has also been a parent and currently holds a Goodwill Ambassador position for UNICEF, specializing in HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lange was born in Cloquet, Minnesota, on April 20,1949 and her father, Albert John Lange, was a teacher and traveling salesman, and her mother, Dorothy Florence, was a housewife. She has two sisters, Ann and Jane, and a younger brother, George. Her paternal ancestry originates in Germany and the Netherlands, while her maternal ancestry originates in Finland, due to the nature of her fathers professions, her early home life was chaotic. Her family moved over a dozen times to various towns and cities in Minnesota before settling back down in her hometown, in 1967, she received an art scholarship to study art and photography at the University of Minnesota, where she met and began dating Spanish photographer Paco Grande. After the two married in 1971, Lange left college to pursue a bohemian lifestyle, opting to travel throughout the United States. The couple then moved to Paris, where they drifted apart, while in Paris, Lange studied mime theatre under the supervision of Étienne Decroux, and joined the Opéra-Comique as a dancer. While sharing an apartment with Jerry Hall and Grace Jones, she was discovered by fashion illustrator Antonio Lopez, in 1973, she returned to the States and began work in New York City as a waitress at the Lions Head Tavern in Greenwich Village. While modelling, Lange was discovered by Hollywood producer Dino De Laurentiis, who was looking to cast his next leading lady, Lange made her professional film debut in 1976s King Kong, beating out actresses Meryl Streep and Goldie Hawn for the role of damsel in distress. However, renowned film critic Pauline Kael praised her, noting, Lange went on to win the 1976 Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year. She would remain a favorite of Kaels, who would comment, She has a facial structure that the camera yearns for. A year later, she was contacted by director Bob Rafelson regarding a project on which he was working with Jack Nicholson, after his meeting with Lange, he wrote her name down on a piece of paper, placed it in an envelope, and sealed it. After several meetings and auditions with other actresses, the choice was between Lange and Meryl Streep. In the end, Rafelson offered Lange the lead role opposite Nicholson in his remake of the film noir
24.
Academy Award for Best Director
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The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com
25.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
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E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Melissa Mathison. It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren, and stars Henry Thomas, Dee Wallace, Robert MacNaughton, Drew Barrymore, Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh. It tells the story of Elliott, a boy who befriends an extraterrestrial. He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother, the concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents divorce in 1960. In 1980, Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies and it was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$10.5 million. Unlike most films, it was shot in chronological order. Released on June 11,1982 by Universal Pictures, E and it is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s. In 1994, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being culturally, historically and it was re-released in 1985, and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes. In a Californian forest, a group of alien botanists land in a spacecraft, when government agents appear on the scene, they flee in their spaceship, leaving one of their own behind in their haste. At a suburban home, a boy named Elliott is spending time with his brother, Michael. As he returns from picking up a pizza, he discovers that something is hiding in their tool shed, the creature promptly flees upon being discovered. Despite his familys disbelief, Elliott leaves Reeses Pieces candy to lure the creature to his bedroom, before he goes to sleep, he realizes it is imitating his movements. He feigns illness the next morning to stay home from school, later that day, Michael and their five-year-old sister, Gertie, meet it. They decide to keep it hidden from their mother, Mary, when they ask it about its origin, it levitates several balls to represent its solar system and then demonstrates its powers by reviving a dead chrysanthemum. At school the day, Elliott begins to experience a psychic connection with the alien, including exhibiting signs of intoxication. As the alien watches John Wayne kiss Maureen OHara in The Quiet Man on TV, Elliott then kisses a girl he likes in the same manner and he is sent to the principals office. The alien learns to speak English by repeating what Gertie says as she watches Sesame Street and, at Elliotts urging and he reads a comic strip where Buck Rogers, stranded, calls for help by building a makeshift communication device and is inspired to try it himself. E. T. receives Elliotts help in building a device to phone home by using a Speak & Spell toy, Michael notices that E. T. s health is declining and that Elliott is referring to himself as we
26.
Steven Spielberg
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Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE, OMRI is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the pioneers of the New Hollywood era. He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios, in a career spanning more than four decades, Spielbergs films have spanned many themes and genres. His other films include Jurassic Park, A. I, artificial Intelligence, and War of the Worlds. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindlers List and Saving Private Ryan, three of Spielbergs films—Jaws, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide and his personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family and his mother, Leah Posner, was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg, was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s, in 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis, as a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. It isnt something I enjoy admitting, he said, but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me. I was embarrassed by the perception of my parents Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times, Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying, In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. His first home movie was of a wreck involving his toy Lionel trains. Throughout his early teens, and after entering school, Spielberg continued to make amateur 8 mm adventure films. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to an interviewer, My dads still-camera was broken. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western, I made it and got my merit badge
27.
Kathleen Kennedy (producer)
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Kathleen Kennedy is an American film producer. In 1981, she co-founded Amblin Entertainment with Steven Spielberg and husband Frank Marshall and she was a producer on the 1982 film E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial and the Jurassic Park franchise, the first two of which became two of the top ten highest-grossing films of the 1990s. Kennedy is third only to Spielberg and Stan Lee in domestic box office receipts, on October 30,2012, she became the president of Lucasfilm, and the brand manager of the Star Wars franchise, after The Walt Disney Company acquired the company for over $4 billion. Overall, Kennedys work has included over 60 films,120 Academy Award nominations, one of her most recent projects, Lincoln, also produced by Spielberg, was nominated for seven Golden Globes and twelve Academy Awards. Kennedy was born in Berkeley, California, the daughter of Dione Marie Dede, a theater actress, and Donald R. Kennedy. Her twin sister, Connie, formerly a location manager in British Columbia, Kennedy graduated from Shasta High School in Redding, California, in 1971. She continued her education at San Diego State University where she majored in telecommunications, after her employment with KCST, she went on to produce a local talk show entitled Youre On for the station for four years before moving to Los Angeles. In Los Angeles, Kennedy secured her first film production job working as an assistant to John Milius, during the production of 1941, while working for screenwriter John Milius, Kennedy came to the attention of Steven Spielberg. Spielberg hired Kennedy as his secretary, but both she and he reported that she was a terrible typist who was kept on only because of her good production ideas. Kennedy was credited as associate to Mr. Spielberg on Raiders of the Lost Ark and she began receiving producer credit with Spielberg on the box-office smash E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, which continued on most of his films for the next three decades. Following her work on the Indiana Jones films, she rose to one of Hollywoods leading producers. In 1981 she helped co-found and run the successful production company Amblin Entertainment, with Spielberg. She went on to collaborate with a large and important group of directors, including Martin Scorsese, Robert Zemeckis, Barry Levinson, and Clint Eastwood when they made films for Amblin. Kennedy took over a portion of the running of Amblin and served as president of the Amblin company until 1992. She became a partner with him in The Kennedy/Marshall Company, a Santa-Monica-based film-production company with a deal at DreamWorks. In 2007, she was the first recipient of Women in Films Paltrow Mentorship Award, for showing extraordinary commitment to mentoring and supporting the generation of filmmakers. In 2005 she was a producer on two of Spielbergs films, War of the Worlds and Munich, the latter of which earned her an Academy Award nomination. Marshall and Kennedy were producers for the US versions of two Studio Ghibli animated features, Ponyo released in 2009 and The Secret World of Arrietty, in May 2012, she stepped down from Kennedy/Marshall, leaving Marshall as sole principal of their eponymous film company
28.
Tootsie
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The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job. The film was adapted by Larry Gelbart, Barry Levinson, Elaine May and Murray Schisgal from the story by Gelbart, Michael Dorsey is a respected but perfectionist actor. Nobody in New York wants to him anymore because he is difficult to work with. In desperation, and as a result of his agent telling him no one will hire you, he dresses as a woman, auditions as Dorothy Michaels. Michael takes the job as a way to raise $8,000 to produce a play, written by his roommate Jeff Slater and to star Sandy, titled Return to Love Canal. Michael plays his character as a feisty, feminist administrator, which surprises the other actors and his character quickly becomes a television sensation. When Sandy catches Michael in her bedroom half undressed, he covers up by professing he wants to have sex with her and they have sex despite his better judgment about her self-esteem issues. Michael believes Sandy is too fragile to handle the truth about him winning the part. Their relationship, combined with his deception, complicates his now-busy schedule, exacerbating matters further, he is attracted to one of his co-stars, Julie Nichols, a single mother in an unhealthy relationship with the shows amoral, sexist director, Ron Carlisle. At a party, when Michael approaches Julie with a line that she had previously told Dorothy she would be receptive towards. Meanwhile, Dorothy has her own admirers to contend with, older cast member John Van Horn, John apologizes for intruding and leaves. The tipping point comes when, due to Dorothys popularity, the producers want to extend her contract for another year. Michael finds a way to extricate himself. Sandy and Les, who are all watching at home, react with the level of shock as the cast. The one exception is Jeff, who was aware of his roommates dual role and remarks, the revelation allows everybody a more-or-less graceful way out. Julie, however, is so outraged that she slugs him in the stomach in front of the cast once the cameras have stopped rolling before storming off, some weeks later, Michael is moving forward with producing Jeffs play. He awkwardly makes peace with Les in a bar, and Les shows tentative support for Michaels attraction to Julie, later, Michael waits for Julie outside the studio. Julie resists talking but finally admits she misses Dorothy, Michael confesses, I was a better man with you as a woman than I ever was with a woman as a man
29.
Sydney Pollack
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Sydney Irwin Pollack was an American film director, producer and actor. Pollack directed more than 20 films and 10 television shows, acted in over 30 films or shows, some of his other best known works include Jeremiah Johnson, The Way We Were, Three Days of the Condor and Absence of Malice. His subsequent films included Havana, The Firm, The Interpreter, Sydney Pollack was born in Lafayette, Indiana, to a family of Jewish immigrants from Ukraine, the son of Rebecca and David Pollack, a semi-professional boxer and pharmacist. The family relocated to South Bend and his parents divorced when he was young and his mother, an alcoholic with emotional problems, died at the age of 37 while Pollack was a student. Despite earlier plans to attend college and then school, Pollack left Indiana for New York City soon after finishing high school at age 17. Pollack studied acting with Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse from 1952–54, after two years army service, ending in 1958, he returned to the Playhouse at Meisner’s invitation to become his assistant. In 1960, John Frankenheimer, a friend of Pollack, asked him to come to Los Angeles in order to work as a coach for the child actors on Frankenheimers first big picture. It was during this time that Pollack met Burt Lancaster who encouraged the actor to try directing. Pollack played a director in The Twilight Zone episode The Trouble with Templeton in 1961, but he found his real success in television in the 1960s by directing episodes of series, such as The Fugitive and Alfred Hitchcock Presents. After doing TV he made the jump into film with a string of movies that drew public attention and his film-directing debut was The Slender Thread. Over time, Pollacks films received a total of 48 Academy Award nominations and his first Oscar nomination was for his 1969 film They Shoot Horses, Dont They. and his second in 1982 for Tootsie. For his 1985 film Out of Africa starring Meryl Streep and Robert Redford, only Young and Lange won Oscars for their performances in one of Pollacks films. His disputes with Hoffman during the filming of Tootsie became well known, eventually Hoffman began pushing the idea that Pollack play the role of his agent, and Pollack reluctantly agreed despite not having had any film roles in 20 years. Their off-screen relationship added authenticity to their scenes in the movie, Pollack subsequently took on more acting roles in addition to producing and directing. He appeared as himself in the documentary One Six Right, describing his joy in owning and piloting his Cessna Citation X jet aircraft. As a character actor, Pollack appeared in such as A Civil Action. He also appeared in Woody Allens Husbands and Wives as a New York lawyer undergoing a midlife crisis and his last role was as Patrick Dempseys father in the 2008 romantic comedy Made of Honor, which was playing in theaters at the time of his death. He was a recurring guest star on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace, playing Will Trumans unfaithful but loving father, George Truman
30.
The Verdict
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The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman, Charlotte Rampling, Jack Warden, James Mason, Milo OShea and Lindsay Crouse. The film, which was directed by Sidney Lumet, was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed. It is about an alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation. The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success, the film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Best Director, Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. Frank Galvin was once a promising graduate of Boston College Law School, but he was framed for jury tampering some years back by the firms senior partner because he was going to expose their corrupt practices. The firm fired him and his marriage ended in divorce, although he retains his license to practice law, Frank has become an alcoholic ambulance chaser who has had only four cases over the last three years, all of which he has lost. As a favor, his friend and former teacher Mickey sends him a medical malpractice case in which it is all, the case involves a young woman who was given an anesthetic during childbirth, after which she choked on her own vomit and was deprived of oxygen. The young woman is now comatose and on a respirator and her sister and brother-in-law are hoping for a monetary award in order to give her proper care. Frank assures them they have a strong case, meanwhile, Frank, who is lonely, becomes romantically involved with Laura, a woman he meets at a local bar. Frank visits the woman and is deeply affected. He then meets with the bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston, everyone, including the presiding judge and the victims relatives, is stunned by Franks decision. Franks big break comes when he discovers that Kaitlin Costello, the nurse who admitted his client to the hospital, is now a teacher in New York. Frank travels there to track her down, leaving Mickey and Laura working together in Franks Boston office, Frank confronts Costello, asking, Will you help me. Meanwhile, in Boston, Mickey is looking for cigarettes in Lauras handbag and he infers that she is a mole, providing information on their legal strategy to the opposing lawyers. Mickey flies to New York to tell Frank that Laura has been betraying them and he suggests to Frank that it would be easy to get the case declared a mistrial, but Frank decides to continue. Shortly thereafter, Frank meets Laura, who has traveled to New York. In a display of cold fury, Frank strikes her in the face, Costello testifies that, shortly after the patient had become comatose, the anesthesiologist told her to change her notes on the admitting form to hide his fatal error. She had written down that the patient had had a meal only one hour before being admitted
31.
David Brown (producer)
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David Brown was an American film and theatre producer and writer who was best knowed for coproducing the 1975 film Jaws. He was born in New York City, New York, the son of Lillian, Brown was a graduate of Stanford University and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He began his career as a journalist, contributing to magazines including The Saturday Evening Post, Harpers and Colliers. He was an editor of Cosmopolitan before his wife, Helen Gurley Brown. In 1951, the producer Darryl F. Zanuck hired Brown to head the department at Zanucks studio. Brown eventually rose to executive vice president of creative operations. He and Richard D. Zanuck, Darryls son, left Fox in 1971 for Warner Bros. the caper film The Sting starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford was a Zanuck/Brown presentation. Driving Miss Daisy won four Academy Awards, including the Best Picture award, without Zanuck, Brown went on to produce films including the drama Angelas Ashes and the romance Chocolat. Brown produced various Broadway musicals, including Sweet Smell of Success, The Musical, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, and he bought the film and stage rights to the drama play A Few Good Men, written by playwright Aaron Sorkin. The play opened November 1989 and ran for 500 performances, the film of the same name stars Tom Cruise and Jack Nicholson. From 1959, for years, until his death, Brown was the husband of Helen Gurley Brown, editor of Cosmopolitan magazine for 32 years, and author of Sex. Brown had one son, Bruce, from a marriage, who predeceased him. He was known equally for his mannerliness, fine wardrobe, distinctive mustache and he had strong connections with publishers and agents. Brown wrote Browns Guide to the Good Life, Tears, Fears and Boredom and he also wrote Let Me Entertain You, an anecdotal autobiography. He died, age 93, at his home in Manhattan from renal failure on February 1,2010 and his widow, Helen, died on August 13,2012, age 90. Mr. and Mrs. Brown were laid to rest in late November 2012 in adjacent graves at Sisco Cemetery, Helens maternal family cemetery just south of the village of Osage in Carroll County, Arkansas
32.
Richard D. Zanuck
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Richard Darryl Zanuck was an American film producer. His 1989 film Driving Miss Daisy won the Academy Award for Best Picture, Richard Darryl Zanuck was born in Los Angeles, to actress Virginia Fox and Darryl F. Zanuck, then head of production for 20th Century-Fox. While studying at Stanford University, he began his career in the industry working for the 20th Century Fox story department. In 1959, Zanuck had his first shot at producing with the film Compulsion, in the 1960s, Zanuck became the president of 20th Century Fox. One year of his tenure was chronicled by John Gregory Dunne in The Studio, after failures like 1967s Doctor Dolittle, he was fired by his father and joined Warner Bros. as Executive Vice President. In 1972, Zanuck joined with David Brown to form an independent production company called the Zanuck/Brown Company at Universal Pictures, the two men produced a pair of Steven Spielbergs early films, The Sugarland Express and Jaws. They subsequently produced such box office hits as Cocoon and Driving Miss Daisy before dissolving their partnership in 1988 and they were jointly awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1990. He and Burton connected immediately, and Zanuck was Burtons producer of choice, in a May 2012 interview, Zanuck told Variety, A producer should contribute from the very beginning until the very end, in all aspects. Im there at the set every day, on every shot, not that the director, particularly Tim, needs me, but just in case. On January 14,1958, he married Lili Charlene Gentle, an actress from Birmingham, Alabama, the marriage, which produced two daughters, Virginia and Janet, was dissolved in 1968. The marriage became difficult after Harrison failed to garner the role of the wife in Zanucks production of Jaws, in a 1985 interview, Zanuck said that career problems contributed to his two failed marriages. Both girls were actresses, and neither one was well established, as head of 20th Century Fox, It was tough to try to be fair to the project and also try to help them in their careers. If I didnt give them the role, then I had to explain why they werent right for it and it wasnt the major problem in the marriages, but it was an underlying source of discomfort. When the Zanucks won the Best Picture Oscar in 1989 for Driving Miss Daisy, Richard Zanuck died on July 13,2012, of a heart attack at his home in Beverly Hills. The Beverly Park home he had lived in until his death was sold for $20. 1M in July 2012, on February 25,2014, Twentieth-Century Fox opened the Richard D. Zanuck Production Building at its Los Angeles studios. Richard was a giant of our industry for over five decades, Fox Chairman. He was family, and a part of our legacy. We couldnt find a building worthy of him, so we built one, the ceremony was attended by Zanucks widow, Lili Fini Zanuck, his sons, Harrison and Dean, and four of his nine grandchildren, Jack, Darryl, Kyler, and Luke Zanuck
33.
Wolfgang Petersen
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Wolfgang Petersen is a German film director and screenwriter. He was nominated for two Academy Awards for the 1981 World War II submarine warfare film Das Boot and his other films include The NeverEnding Story, Enemy Mine, In the Line of Fire, Outbreak, Air Force One, The Perfect Storm, Troy, and Poseidon. Petersen was born on 14 March 1941 in Emden, Emden is a north German community in East Frisia near the Dutch border, where the Ems River flows into the North Sea. From 1953 to 1960, Petersen attended the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg, in the 1960s he was directing plays at Hamburgs Ernst Deutsch Theater. After studying theater in Berlin and Hamburg, Petersen attended the Film and he next directed the 1977 film Die Konsequenz, a b/w 16 mm adaptation of Alexander Zieglers autobiographical novel of homosexual love. In its time, the film was considered so radical that when first broadcast in Germany and his next feature was the World War II epic Das Boot, released in early 1982. The film chronicles the experiences of a German submarine crew engaged in the Battle of the Atlantic, the film starred Jürgen Prochnow as the U-boat Captain, who became a good example of Petersons action characters, a man at war and who dares danger and fate at sea. After The NeverEnding Story, Petersens first full-blown Hollywood effort, Enemy Mine, was not a critical and he finally hit his stride in 1993 with the assassination thriller In the Line of Fire. The 1997 Petersen blockbuster Air Force One did very well at the box office, for both Air Force One and Outbreak, Petersen teamed up with the German cinematographer Michael Ballhaus, who has also worked frequently with director Martin Scorsese. By 1998, Petersen was an established Hollywood director, with the power to both re-release his classic Das Boot in a new cut and to helm star-studded action-thrillers. As such, he was considered for the first movie in the Harry Potter film series, Harry Potter. Petersen pulled out of the running in March 2000, Petersens $160 million epic film Poseidon, a re-telling of the 1969 Paul Gallico novel The Poseidon Adventure, was released by Warner Bros. in May 2006. The film performed poorly in the US, barely cracking $60 million in box office receipts by early August. Although hired to direct the adaptation of Enders Game by Orson Scott Card that was scheduled for release in 2008. His potential projects include an adaptation of the 2006 anime film Paprika. After a ten-year-hiatus, Petersen returned in 2016 as director of the heist comedy Vier gegen die Bank, wolfgang Petersen at the Internet Movie Database
34.
Das Boot
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Das Boot is a 1981 German epic war film written and directed by Wolfgang Petersen, produced by Günter Rohrbach, and starring Jürgen Prochnow, Herbert Grönemeyer and Klaus Wennemann. It has been exhibited both as a release and as a TV miniseries, and in several different home video versions of various running times. An adaptation of Lothar-Günther Buchheims 1973 German novel of the same name, the screenplay used an amalgamation of exploits from the real U-96, a Type VIIC-class U-boat. Several American directors were considered three years earlier before the film was shelved, one of Petersens goals was to guide the audience through a journey to the edge of the mind, showing what war is all about. Produced with a budget of 32 million DM, the film was released on September 17,1981 and it grossed over $80 million worldwide between its theatrical releases and received critical acclaim. Its high production cost ranks it among the most expensive films in the history of German cinema, Lt. Werner, has been assigned as a war correspondent on the German submarine U-96 in October 1941. He meets its captain, chief engineer, and the crew in a raucous French bordello, Thomsen, another captain, gives a crude drunken speech to celebrate his Ritterkreuz award, in which he openly mocks not only Winston Churchill but implicitly Adolf Hitler as well. The next morning, they out of the harbour of La Rochelle to a cheering crowd. Werner is given a tour of the boat, as time passes, he observes ideological differences between the new crew members and the hardened veterans, particularly the captain, who is embittered and cynical about the war. The new men, including Werner, are mocked by the rest of the crew. After days of boredom, the crew is excited by another U-boats spotting of an enemy convoy, while the captain attempts to sink the destroyer, it sees the subs periscope, and they are bombarded with depth charges. They narrowly escape with light damage. The next three weeks are spent enduring a relentless storm, morale drops after a series of misfortunes, but the crew is cheered temporarily by a chance encounter with Thomsens boat. Shortly after the ends, the boat encounters a British convoy and quickly launches four torpedoes. They are spotted by a destroyer and have to dive below the submarines rated limit, during the ensuing depth-charge attack, the chief mechanic, Johann, panics and has to be restrained. The boat sustains heavy damage, but is able to safely surface in darkness. An enemy tanker remains afloat and on fire, so they torpedo the ship, only to realize there are still sailors aboard, they watch in horror as the sailors leap overboard. Unable to accommodate prisoners, the orders the boat away
35.
Sidney Lumet
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Sidney Arthur Lumet was an American director, producer and screenwriter with over 50 films to his credit. He was nominated for the Academy Award as Best Director for 12 Angry Men, Dog Day Afternoon, Network, and The Verdict. The Encyclopedia of Hollywood states that Lumet was one of the most prolific filmmakers of the modern era and he was noted by Turner Classic Movies for his strong direction of actors, vigorous storytelling and the social realism in his best work. Film critic Roger Ebert described him as having one of the finest craftsmen. Lumet was also known as an director, having worked with the best of them during his career. Sean Connery, who acted in five of his films, considered him one of his directors. A member of the cohort of New Yorks Actors Studio, Lumet began his directorial career in Off-Broadway productions. His first movie was typical of his best work, a well-acted, tightly written, as a result of directing 12 Angry Men, he was also responsible for leading the first wave of directors who made a successful transition from TV to movies. In 2005, Lumet received an Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement for his brilliant services to screenwriters, performers, two years later, he concluded his career with the acclaimed drama Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead. A few months after Lumets death in April 2011, a celebration of his work was held at New Yorks Lincoln Center with the appearance of numerous speakers. In 2015, Nancy Buirski directed By Sidney Lumet, a documentary about his career, Lumet was born in Philadelphia to parents of Jewish descent. He studied theater acting at the Professional Childrens School of New York, Lumets parents, Baruch and Eugenia Lumet, were both veterans of the Yiddish theatre. His father, who was an actor, director, producer and writer, was a Polish Jewish emigrant to the United States who was born in Warsaw, Lumets mother, who was a dancer, died when he was a child. He made his debut on radio at age four and stage debut at the Yiddish Art Theatre at age five. As a child he appeared in many Broadway plays, including 1935s Dead End. In 1935, aged 11, he appeared in a Henry Lynn short film, Papirossen, the film was shown in a theatrical play with the same title, based on a hit song, Papirosn. The play and short film appeared in the Bronx McKinley Square Theatre, in 1939, he made his only feature-length film appearance, at age 15, in. One Third of a Nation. In 1939, World War II interrupted his acting career
36.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
37.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
38.
Mahatma Gandhi
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the preeminent leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights, the honorific Mahatma —applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa—is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu and Gandhiji and he is unofficially called the Father of the Nation. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, Gandhi famously led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. Gandhi attempted to practise nonviolence and truth in all situations, and he lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and social protest. Eventually, in August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab, eschewing the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to provide solace. In the months following, he undertook several fasts unto death to promote religious harmony, the last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 when he was 78, also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan. Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating, among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest. Mahatma Gandhis birthday,2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday and his father, Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi, served as the diwan of Porbandar state. The Gandhi family originated from the village of Kutiana in what was then Junagadh State, in the late 17th or early 18th century, one Lalji Gandhi moved to Porbandar and entered the service of its ruler, the Rana. In 1831, Rana Khimojiraji died suddenly and was succeeded by his 12-year-old only son, as a result, Rana Khimojirajjis widow, Rani Rupaliba, became regent for her son. She soon fell out with Uttamchand and forced him to return to his village in Junagadh. While in Junagadh, Uttamchand appeared before its Nawab and saluted him with his hand instead of his right. In 1841, Vikmatji assumed the throne and reinstated Uttamchand as his diwan, in 1847, Rana Vikmatji appointed Uttamchands son, Karamchand, as diwan after disagreeing with Uttamchand over the states maintenance of a British garrison. Although he only had an education and had previously been a clerk in the state administration
39.
Dustin Hoffman
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Dustin Lee Hoffman is an American actor and a director, with a career in film, television, and theatre since 1960. Hoffman has been known for his portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer, and in 1989 for Rain Man. Widely considered one of the finest actors in history, Hoffman first drew praise for starring in the play, Eh. for which he won a Theatre World Award. This achievement was followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock. Since that time, Hoffmans career has largely focused on the cinema, with sporadic returns to television. Hoffmans notable films include, Midnight Cowboy, Little Big Man, Straw Dogs, Papillon, Lenny, Marathon Man, All the Presidents Men, Kramer vs. Kramer, Tootsie, Rain Man, Hook and he made his directorial debut in 2012, with Quartet. Along with 2 Academy Award wins, Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards and he has won 4 BAFTAs,3 Drama Desk Awards,2 Emmy Awards, and a Genie Award. Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999, and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012, Dustin Lee Hoffman was born on August 8,1937 in Los Angeles, California, the second son of Lillian and Harry Hoffman. His father worked as a supervisor at Columbia Pictures before becoming a furniture salesman. Hoffman was named after stage and silent screen actor, Dustin Farnum and his older brother, Ronald, is a lawyer and economist. Hoffman is Jewish, from an Ashkenazi family of immigrants from Ukraine, Poland and his upbringing was non-religious, and he has said, I don’t have any memory of celebrating holidays growing up that were Jewish, and that he had realized he was Jewish at around age 10. Hoffman graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1955 and enrolled at Santa Monica College with the intention of studying medicine. He left after a year to join the Pasadena Playhouse, although when he told his family about his career goal and he also took classes at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City. Hoffman initially hoped to become a classical pianist, having studied piano during much of his youth, while at Santa Monica College, he also took an acting class, which he assumed would be easy, and caught the acting bug. He recalls, I just was not gifted in music, now an aspiring actor, he spent the next ten years doing odd jobs, being unemployed, and struggling to get any available acting roles. He composed a song called Shooting the Breeze and Bette Midler wrote the words and his first acting role was at the Pasadena Playhouse, alongside future Academy Award-winner, Gene Hackman. After two years there, Hackman headed for New York City, with Hoffman soon following, Hoffman, Hackman and Robert Duvall lived together in the 1960s, all three of them focused on finding acting jobs
40.
Jack Lemmon
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John Uhler Jack Lemmon III was an American actor and musician. Lemmon was an eight time Academy Award nominee, with two wins, Lemmon was born on February 8,1925, in an elevator at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. He was the child of Mildred Burgess LaRue and John Uhler Lemmon. His paternal grandmother was from an Irish immigrant family, Lemmon attended John Ward Elementary School in Newton and the Rivers School in Weston, Massachusetts. During his acceptance of his lifetime achievement award, he stated that he knew he wanted to be an actor from the age of eight, after graduation in 1947, Lemmon took up acting professionally, working on radio, television and Broadway. He studied acting under coach Uta Hagen and he was enamored of the piano and learned to play it on his own. He could also play the harmonica, guitar, organ, and he was close friends with actors Tony Curtis, Ernie Kovacs, Walter Matthau and Kevin Spacey. He made two films with Curtis, and eleven with Matthau, early in Lemmons career he met comedian Ernie Kovacs while co-starring with him in Operation Mad Ball. Lemmon and Kovacs became close friends and appeared together in two subsequent films, Bell, Book and Candle and It Happened to Jane, in 1977, PBS broadcast a compilation series of Kovacs television work, and Lemmon served as the narrator of the series. Lemmon discussed his friendship with Kovacs in the documentary Ernie Kovacs and he was a favorite of director Billy Wilder, starring in the films Some Like It Hot, The Apartment, Irma la Douce, The Fortune Cookie, Avanti. The Front Page, and Buddy Buddy, the biography quotes Lemmon as saying, I am particularly susceptible to the parts I play. If my character was having a breakdown, I started to have one. Bell, Book and Candle and It Happened to Jane and How to Murder Your Wife, quine also directed Lemmons screen test when the actor was signed by Columbia. Lemmons singing voice was first heard on two film soundtracks in 1955, Three for the Show with Betty Grable and My Sister Eileen and he also performed songs in the 1956 film You Cant Run Away from It with Stubby Kaye and June Allyson. His first solo album A Twist of Lemmon was released in 1958 on Epic Records, while filming Some Like It Hot with Marilyn Monroe in 1959, Lemmon released a second album, Some Like It Hot. Both featured Lemmons singing and piano solos, the two Epic albums were later released as A Twist of Lemmon/Some Like It Hot, a single cd on Collectors Choice Music, in 2001. Two singles, Daphne/Sleepy Lagoon and Im Forever Blowing Bubbles/I Cover the Waterfront did not appear on either album, Epic released a third single in 1960, Lemmons piano solo of the theme to the film The Apartment, backed with his own composition Lemmon Blues. In 1963, Lemmon released an album, this time on Capitol Records
41.
Paul Newman
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Paul Leonard Newman was an American actor. Newmans other films include The Hustler, Cool Hand Luke, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as Butch Cassidy, The Sting, and The Verdict. Despite being colorblind, Newman won several championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing. He was a co-founder of Newmans Own, a company from which he donated all post-tax profits. As of 2016, these donations have totaled over US$460 million and he was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network, a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need. In 1988, Newman founded the SeriousFun Childrens Network, a family of summer camps. Newman was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the son of Theresa and Arthur Sigmund Newman. Newmans father was Jewish, and was the son of Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, immigrants from Hungary, Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, saying its more of a challenge. Newmans mother worked in his fathers store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur. Newman showed an early interest in the theater, his first role was at the age of seven, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. At age 10, Newman performed at the Cleveland Play House in a production of Saint George and the Dragon, graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II in the Pacific theater, initially, he enrolled in the Navy V-12 pilot training program at Yale University, but was dropped when his colorblindness was discovered. Boot camp followed, with training as a radioman and rear gunner, qualifying in torpedo bombers in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barbers Point, Hawaii. He later flew as a gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, his unit was assigned to the USS Bunker Hill along with other replacements shortly before the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945, the pilot of his aircraft had an ear infection which kept their plane grounded. The rest of their squadron flew to the Bunker Hill, days later, a kamikaze attack on the vessel killed a number of service members, including the other members of his unit. After the war, Newman completed his Bachelor of Arts in drama and economics at Kenyon College in Gambier, shortly after earning his degree, he joined several summer stock companies, most notably the Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Illinois. He toured with them for three months and developed his talents as a part of Woodstock Players and he later attended the Yale School of Drama for one year, before moving to New York City to study under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio
42.
Peter O'Toole
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Peter Seamus OToole was a British-Irish stage and film actor. He achieved international recognition playing T. E. Lawrence in Lawrence of Arabia for which he received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor, in 2002, OToole was awarded the Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements. He was additionally the recipient of four Golden Globe Awards, one British Academy Film Award, some sources give his birthplace as Connemara, County Galway, Ireland, while others cite St James University Hospital, Leeds, England. Peter had a sister, Patricia. He grew up in the Hunslet, south Leeds, son of Constance Jane Eliot, a Scottish nurse, and Patrick Joseph Spats OToole, when OToole was one year old, his family began a five-year tour of major racecourse towns in Northern England. He was brought up as a Catholic, I used to be scared stiff of the nuns, their whole denial of womanhood – the black dresses and the shaving of the hair – was so horrible, so terrifying. Of course, thats all been stopped, theyre sipping gin and tonic in the Dublin pubs now, and a couple of them flashed their pretty ankles at me just the other day, he said. Upon leaving school OToole obtained employment as a trainee journalist and photographer on the Yorkshire Evening Post, as reported in a radio interview in 2006 on NPR, he was asked by an officer whether he had something he had always wanted to do. His reply was that he had wanted to try being either a poet or an actor. At RADA, he was in the class as Albert Finney, Alan Bates. OToole described this as the most remarkable class the academy ever had, OToole began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company, before making his television debut in 1954. He first appeared on film in 1959 in a role in The Day They Robbed the Bank of England. OTooles major break came when he was chosen to play T. E. Lawrence in Sir David Leans Lawrence of Arabia, after Marlon Brando proved unavailable and his performance was ranked number one in Premiere magazines list of the 100 Greatest Performances of All Time. The role introduced him to US audiences and earned him the first of his eight nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor, T. E. Lawrence, portrayed by OToole, was selected in 2003 as the tenth-greatest hero in cinema history by the American Film Institute. OToole was one of several actors to be Oscar-nominated for playing the role in two different films, he played King Henry II in both Becket and The Lion in Winter. OToole played Hamlet under Laurence Oliviers direction in the production of the Royal National Theatre in 1963. He demonstrated his comedic abilities alongside Peter Sellers in the Woody Allen-scripted comedy Whats New Pussycat and he appeared in Seán OCaseys Juno and the Paycock at Dublins Gaiety Theatre. In 1969, he played the role in the film Goodbye, Mr. Chips
43.
My Favorite Year
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My Favorite Year is a 1982 American comedy film written by Dennis Palumbo and Norman Steinberg, and directed by Richard Benjamin, which tells the story of a young comedy writer. It stars Peter OToole, Mark Linn-Baker, Jessica Harper, OToole was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. The film was adapted into an unsuccessful 1992 Broadway musical of the same name, Benjy Stone, the narrator, tells of the summer he met his idol, swashbuckling actor Allan Swann. In the early days of television, Benjy works as a comedy writer for a variety show starring Stan King Kaiser. As a special upcoming guest, they get the still famous Swann, however, when he shows up, they realize that he is a roaring drunk. Kaiser is ready to dump him, until Benjy intervenes and promises to keep him sober during the leading up to the show. As Benjy watches out for Swann, they learn much about each other, in Benjys case, its his Jewish mother, who is married to a Filipino former bantamweight boxer, Rookie Carroca, and Benjys embarrassing relatives, such as uncouth Uncle Morty. For Swann, it is his daughter, Tess, who has been raised entirely by her mother. He stays away, but continues to keep tabs on her secretly, during the week of rehearsals, Kaiser is threatened by corrupt union boss Karl Rojeck, who does not appreciate being parodied on the show. Accidents start happening when Kaiser refuses to stop performing the Boss Hijack sketches, in a subplot, Benjy tries, clumsily and over-enthusiastically, to win the affections of co-worker K. C. Swann advises him on the approach, which includes crashing a party at the home of K. C. s affluent parents. The night of the show arrives, but minutes away from going on-air. As Benjy puts it, Nobodys that good an actor, as the Boss Hijack sketch gets underway, Rojecks men show up backstage and begin beating up Kaiser. The fight spills onto the stage during the live broadcast, Swann and Benjy observe the melee from a balcony, when the audience suddenly notices Swann and breaks into enthusiastic applause. Swann grabs a rope and swings into action, saving Kaiser in front of an appreciative if still clueless audience. Benjy narrates the epilogue, relating that Swann, his confidence bolstered, finally gets up the nerve to visit his daughter the next day, Peter OToole as Alan Swann Mark Linn-Baker as Benjy Stone Jessica Harper as K. C. Horn Cady McClain as Tess Swann Mel Brooks, executive producer of the film, was a writer for the Sid Caesar variety program Your Show of Shows, Movie swashbuckler Errol Flynn was a guest on one episode, and this real-life occurrence inspired Dennis Palumbos largely fictional screenplay. Swann was obviously based on Flynn, while Benjy Stone is loosely based on both Brooks and Woody Allen, who wrote for Caesar
44.
Sophie's Choice (film)
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Sophies Choice is a 1982 American drama film directed by Alan J. Pakula, who adapted William Styrons novel Sophies Choice. Meryl Streep stars as Sophie, a Polish immigrant who shares a house in Brooklyn with her tempestuous lover, Nathan. Streeps performance was acclaimed, and she received the Academy Award for Best Actress, the film was nominated for Best Cinematography, Costume Design, Best Music, and Best Adapted Screenplay. British company ITC Entertainment produced the film, and Universal Pictures distributed and released it, in 1947, Stingo relocates to Brooklyn in order to write a novel and is befriended by Sophie Zawistowski, a Polish immigrant, and her emotionally unstable lover, Nathan Landau. One evening, Stingo learns from Sophie that she was married but her husband and her father were killed in a German work camp and that she was interned in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Nathan is constantly jealous, and when he is in one of his violent mood swings he convinces himself that Sophie is unfaithful to him and he abuses and harasses her. There is a flashback showing Nathan with Sophie who is near death due to anemia shortly after her immigration to the U. S. Sophie eventually reveals that her father was a Nazi sympathizer. Sophies wartime lover, Józef, who lived with his half-sister, Wanda tried to convince Sophie to translate some stolen Gestapo documents, but Sophie declined, fearing she might endanger her children. Two weeks later, Józef was murdered by the Gestapo, and Sophie was arrested, Nathan tells Sophie and Stingo that the research he is doing at a pharmaceutical company is so groundbreaking that he will win the Nobel Prize. At a meeting with Nathans physician brother, Stingo learns that Nathan is a paranoid schizophrenic and he has a job in the library of a pharmaceutical firm, which his brother got for him, and only occasionally assists with research. After Nathan discharges a firearm over the telephone in a violent rage, Sophie and she reveals to him that, upon arrival at Auschwitz, she was forced to choose which one of her two children would be gassed and which would proceed to the labor camp. To avoid having both children killed, she chose her son, Jan, to be sent to the childrens camp, Sophie and Stingo make love, but while Stingo is sleeping Sophie returns to Nathan. Sophie and Nathan commit suicide by taking cyanide, Stingo recites the poem Ample Make This Bed by Emily Dickinson—the American poet that Sophie was fond of reading. Stingo moves to a farm his father recently inherited in southern Virginia to finish writing his novel. Styron wrote the novel with Ursula Andress in mind for the part of Sophie, Streep was very determined to get the role. After obtaining a copy of the script, she went after Pakula and threw herself on the ground. Pakula’s first choice was Liv Ullmann for her ability to project the foreignness that would add to her appeal in the eyes of an impressionable, the film was mostly shot in New York City, with Sophies flashback scenes shot afterwards in Yugoslavia. Production for the film at times was more like a theatrical set than a film set, Pakula allowed the cast to rehearse for three weeks and was open to improvisation from the actors, spontaneous things according to Streep
45.
Julie Andrews
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Dame Julia Elizabeth Julie Andrews, DBE is an English actress, singer, author, theatre director and dancer. Andrews, an actress and singer, appeared on the West End in 1948. She rose to prominence starring in Broadway musicals such as My Fair Lady, playing Eliza Doolittle, in 1957, Andrews starred in the premiere of Rodgers and Hammersteins written-for-television musical Cinderella, a live network broadcast seen by over 100 million viewers. Andrews made her film debut in Mary Poppins, and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the title role. She starred in The Sound of Music, playing Maria, between 1964 and 1986, she starred in The Americanization of Emily, Hawaii, Torn Curtain, Thoroughly Modern Millie, Star. The Tamarind Seed,10, Victor/Victoria, Thats Life. in 2000, Andrews was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the performing arts. In 2002, she was ranked #59 in the BBCs poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, in 2003, she revisited her first Broadway success, this time as a stage director, with a revival of The Boy Friend. From 2001 to 2004, Andrews starred in The Princess Diaries, The Princess Diaries 2, from 2004 to 2010, she lent her voice to the Shrek animated films, and Despicable Me. She is an author of books and has published her autobiography, Home. Julia Elizabeth Wells was born on 1 October 1935 in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey and her mother, Barbara Ward Wells was born in Chertsey and married Edward Charles Ted Wells, a teacher of metalwork and woodwork in 1932. However, Andrews was conceived as a result of an affair her mother had with a family friend. Andrews discovered her true parentage from her mother in 1950, although it was not publicly disclosed until her 2008 autobiography, with the outbreak of World War II, Barbara and Ted Wells went their separate ways and were soon divorced. Ted Wells assisted with evacuating children to Surrey during the Blitz, Andrews lived briefly with Ted Wells and her brother John in Surrey. In 1940, Ted Wells sent young Julia to live with her mother and stepfather, who, the Andrews family was very poor and we lived in a bad slum area of London, Andrews recalled, adding, That was a very black period in my life. According to Andrews, her stepfather was violent and an alcoholic, Ted Andrews twice, while drunk, tried to get into bed with his stepdaughter, resulting in Andrews fitting a lock on her door. The Andrews family took up residence at the Old Meuse, in West Grove, Hersham and she had an enormous influence on me, Andrews said of Stiles-Allen, adding, She was my third mother – Ive got more mothers and fathers than anyone in the world. In her memoir Julie Andrews – My Star Pupil, Stiles-Allen records, The range, accuracy and she had possessed the rare gift of absolute pitch. According to Andrews, Madame was sure that I could do Mozart and Rossini, of her own voice, she says I had a very pure, white, thin voice, a four-octave range – dogs would come for miles around
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