1.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
2.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
3.
Garry Shandling
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Garry Emmanuel Shandling was an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, and producer, best known for his work in Its Garry Shandlings Show and The Larry Sanders Show. Shandling began his writing for sitcoms, such as Sanford and Son and Welcome Back. He made a successful performance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Shandling was for a time considered the contender to replace Carson. In 1986, he created Its Garry Shandlings Show for Showtime and it was nominated for four Emmy Awards and lasted until 1990. His second show titled The Larry Sanders Show, which began airing on HBO in 1992, was more successful. In film, he had a role in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in Iron Man 2 and Captain America. He also lent his voice to Verne in DreamWorks Animations Over the Hedge, during his three-decade career, Shandling was nominated for nineteen Primetime Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards, along with many other awards and nominations. He served as host of the Grammy Awards four times and as host of the Emmy Awards two times, Shandling was born Garry Emmanuel Shandling on November 29,1949 in Chicago, Illinois to a Jewish family. He grew up in Tucson, Arizona, one of two sons of Irving Shandling, a print shop owner, and Muriel Estelle, a pet store proprietor, the family moved to Tucson so that Garrys older brother Barry could receive treatment for cystic fibrosis. Barry died when Garry was 10, Shandling attended Palo Verde High School. In 1973, Shandling moved to Los Angeles and he worked at an advertising agency for a time, and then sold a script for the popular NBC sitcom Sanford and Son. In addition to Sanford and Son, Shandling wrote scripts for the sitcoms Welcome Back, Kotter, in 1977, Shandling was involved in an auto accident in Beverly Hills that left him in critical condition for two days and hospitalized for 2 weeks with a crushed spleen. The accident inspired him to pursue a career in comedy, Shandling became a stand-up comedian because he was frustrated by situation comedys formulaic writing. In 1978, Shandling performed his first stand-up routine at The Comedy Store in Los Angeles and this was the same time Jerry Seinfeld began performing at The Comedy Store, where the two developed a legendary friendship. In fact, their careers paralleled one another as time moved on, according to William Knoedelseder, Shandling was the scion of a family with … decidedly antiunion views. He had not shared the struggling comic experience and he was a successful sitcom writer trying to break into stand-up, and prior to the strike, Shore had refused to put him in the regular lineup because she didnt think he was good enough. Of course, that changed the minute he crossed the picket line and his persona was an anxiety-ridden, grimacing, guarded, confused man on the verge of losing control
4.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
5.
55th Primetime Emmy Awards
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The 55th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, September 21,2003. The ceremony was broadcast on Fox, the Sci Fi channel received its first major nomination this year for Outstanding Miniseries for Taken, for which it won. For its seventh season, Everybody Loves Raymond won its first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series and it led all comedies with four major wins and ten major nominations. The West Wing won Outstanding Drama Series for the fourth consecutive year, for the first time since 1991, the Outstanding Drama Series field did not include Law & Order, it was nominated 11 times in the category, a record for drama series that still stands. The mark tied the record held by comedy series M*A*S*H. Notes Emmys. com list of 2003 Nominees & Winners 2003 Emmy Awards at the Internet Movie Database
6.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
7.
Angels in America (miniseries)
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Angels in America is a 2003 American HBO miniseries directed by Mike Nichols and based on the play by the same name written by Tony Kushner. Set in 1985, the film revolves around six desperate New Yorkers whose lives intersect, at its core, it has the fantastical story of Prior Walter, a gay man living with AIDS who is visited by an angel. The film explores a variety of themes, including Reagan era politics, the spreading AIDS epidemic. Angels in America was the most-watched made-for-cable film in 2003, garnering critical acclaim and multiple Golden Globe and Emmy awards. In 2006, The Seattle Times listed the series amongst Best of the filmed AIDS portrayals on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of AIDS and it is 1985, Ronald Reagan is in the White House, and AIDS is causing mass death in the Americas. In Manhattan, Prior Walter tells Louis, his lover of four years, as disease and loneliness ravage Prior, guilt invades Louis. Joe Pitt, a Mormon and Republican attorney, is pushed by right-wing fixer Roy Cohn toward a job at the United States Department of Justice, both Pitt and Cohn are in the closet, Pitt out of shame and religious turmoil, Cohn to preserve his power and image. Pitts wife Harper is strung out on Valium, causing her to hallucinate constantly, an angel with ulterior motives commands Prior to become a prophet. Pitts mother and Belize, a friend and drag queen. Joe leaves his wife and goes to live with Louis but the relationship doesnt work out due to ideological differences, Roy is diagnosed with AIDS early on and as his life comes to a close he is haunted by the ghost of Ethel Rosenberg. As the film continues, these lost souls come together to create bonds of love, loss, and loneliness and in the end, discover forgiveness and overcome abandonment. Cary Brokaw, executive producer of the series, worked for ten years to bring the 1991 stage production to television, having first read it in 1989. In 1993, Al Pacino committed to playing the role of Roy Cohn, in the meantime, a number of directors, including Robert Altman, were part of the project. Altman worked on the project in 1993 and 1994, before budget constraints forced him to move out, as few studios could risk producing two successive 150 minute movies at the cost of $40 million. Subsequently, Kushner tried squeezing the play into a film, at which he eventually failed, realizing there was literally too much plot. While Kushner continued adapting the play until the late 1990s, HBO Films stepped in as producer, Brokaw gave Mike Nichols the script while he was working with him on Wit starring Emma Thompson, who also co-adapted the play of the same title. The principal cast, including Meryl Streep, Pacino, and Thompson, jeffrey Wright was the only original cast member to appear in the stage version, having won the 1994 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor for his stage performance. The shooting started in May 2002, and after a 137-day schedule, filming was done primarily at Kaufman Astoria Studios, New York City, with important scenes at Bethesda Fountain, Central Park, Manhattan
8.
Sarah Jessica Parker
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Sarah Jessica Parker is an American actress, producer, and designer. She is known for her role as Carrie Bradshaw on the HBO television series Sex. She won two Emmy Awards for the show, one for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2001 and another for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2004. For this role, she won four Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Comedy Series. She reprised the role in the films, Sex and the City and Sex, Parker made her Broadway debut at the age of 11 in the 1976 revival of The Innocents, before going on to star in the title role of the Broadway musical, Annie, in 1979. She appeared in the 1984 films Footloose and Firstborn, and returned to Broadway in the 1989 play, The Heidi Chronicles. Other film roles include, L. A. Story, Honeymoon in Vegas, Hocus Pocus, Ed Wood, The First Wives Club, The Family Stone, and Failure to Launch. In 2012, Parker returned to television for the first time since Sex and she is currently starring in the HBO series, Divorce. Sarah Jessica Parker was born in Nelsonville, Ohio, the daughter of Barbara Parker, a school operator and teacher, and Stephen Parker. She was one of a total of eight children from her parents marriage, after her parents divorce, her mother married Paul Forste, a truck driver and account executive who was a part of Parkers life from an early age. Parkers father, a native of Brooklyn, is Jewish, his familys surname was Bar-Kahn. Parkers mother is of German, and some English, descent, through her mother, Parker is descended from Esther Elwell, Parker has identified culturally with her fathers religion, Judaism, although she has had no religious training. She has said that even while her family lived in Cincinnati, as a young girl, Parker trained in singing and ballet, and was soon cast in the Broadway revival of William Archibalds The Innocents. Her family moved to Cincinnati and then to Dobbs Ferry, New York, near New York City, There, her mother and stepfather helped Parker develop her career as a child actress. In 1977, the moved to the newly opened planned community on Roosevelt Island. The family later moved to Englewood, New Jersey, where Parker attended Dwight Morrow High School, Parker and four siblings appeared in a production of The Sound of Music at the outdoor Municipal Theatre in St. Louis, Missouri. Parker held the role for a year, in 1982, Parker was cast as the co-lead of the CBS sitcom Square Pegs. The show lasted just one season, but Parkers performance, as a shy teen who showed hidden depths, was well received
9.
Cynthia Nixon
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Cynthia Ellen Nixon is an American actress. She is known for her portrayal of Miranda Hobbes in the HBO series, Sex and she reprised the role in the films Sex and the City and Sex and the City 2. Other film credits include Amadeus, The Pelican Brief, Little Manhattan,5 Flights Up, James White, Nixon made her Broadway debut in the 1980 revival of The Philadelphia Story. Other Broadway credits include The Real Thing, Hurlyburly, Indiscretions, The Women, Wit and her other television roles include playing political figures Eleanor Roosevelt in Warm Springs, Michele Davis in Too Big to Fail, and playing Nancy Reagan in the 2016 television film Killing Reagan. Nixon was born in New York City, the child of Anne Elizabeth, originally from Chicago. She is of English and German descent and she is no relation to the late U. S. President Richard Nixon. Nixons parents divorced when she was six years old and she graduated from Hunter College High School and attended Barnard College. In the spring of 1986, she studied abroad with Semester at Sea, Nixons first onscreen appearance was as an imposter on To Tell the Truth, where her mother worked. She began acting at age 12 as the object of a wealthy school mates crush in The Seven Wishes of a Rich Kid and she made her feature debut co-starring with Kristy McNichol and Tatum ONeal in Little Darlings. She made her Broadway debut as Dinah Lord in a 1980 revival of The Philadelphia Story, in 1984, while a freshman at Barnard College, Nixon made theatrical history by simultaneously appearing in two hit Broadway plays directed by Mike Nichols. These were The Real Thing, where Nixon played the daughter of Jeremy Irons and Christine Baranski, and Hurlyburly, the two theaters were just two blocks apart and Nixons roles were both short, so she could run from one to the other. Onscreen, she played the role of Salieris maid/spy, Lorl, in 1985, she appeared alongside Jeff Daniels in Lanford Wilsons Lemon Sky at Second Stage Theatre. She landed her first major supporting role in a movie as an intelligent teenager who aids her boyfriend in building a bomb in Marshall Brickmans The Manhattan Project. She reprised the role for the 2004 sequel Tanner on Tanner and she was the guest star in the second episode of the long running NBC television series Law & Order. She played the role of a woman in a February 1993 episode of Murder, She Wrote titled. Nixon was a member of the Off-Broadway theatrical troupe Drama Dept. Nixon has contributed supporting performances to Addams Family Values, Babys Day Out, Marvins Room. She raised her profile significantly as one of the four regulars on HBOs successful comedy Sex, Nixon received three Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, winning the award in 2004, for the shows final season. In 2002, she landed a role in the indie comedy Igby Goes Down
10.
The Mary Tyler Moore Show
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The program featured American televisions first never-married, independent career woman as the central character. It is one of the most acclaimed television programs in US television history and it received high praise from critics during its run, including Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series three years in a row, and continued to be honored long after the final episode aired. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked The Mary Tyler Moore Show No.6 in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time. Mary Richards is a woman who, at age 30. She applies for a job at television station WJM. She is instead offered the position of associate producer of the stations Six OClock News and she befriends her tough but lovable boss Lou Grant, newswriter Murray Slaughter, and buffoonish anchorman Ted Baxter. Mary later becomes producer of the show, Mary rents a third-floor studio apartment in a 19th-century house from acquaintance and downstairs landlady, Phyllis Lindstrom, and she and upstairs neighbor Rhoda Morgenstern become best friends. Characters introduced later in the series are acerbic, man-hungry TV hostess Sue Ann Nivens, at the beginning of season 6, after both Rhoda and Phyllis have moved away, Mary relocates to a one-bedroom high-rise apartment. In the third season, issues such as pay for women, pre-marital sex. In the fourth season, such subjects as marital infidelity and divorce are explored with Phyllis and Lou, in the fifth season, Mary refuses to reveal a news source and is jailed for contempt of court. While in jail, she befriends a prostitute who seeks Marys help in a subsequent episode, Mary dates several men on and off over the years, two seriously, but remains single throughout the series. In 1995, Entertainment Weekly said that TVs most famous bachelorette pad was Marys apartment, the fictitious address was 119 North Weatherly, but the exterior establishing shots were of a real house in Minneapolis at 2104 Kenwood Parkway. In the real house, an unfinished attic occupied the space behind the window recreated on the studio set of Marys apartment. Once fans of the series discovered where exterior shots had been taken, according to Moore, the woman who lived in the house was overwhelmed by the people showing up and asking if Mary was around. To discourage crews from filming footage of the house, the owners placed an Impeach Nixon sign beneath the window where Mary supposedly lived. The house continued to attract 30 tour buses a day more than a decade after production ended, at the time of Mary Tyler Moores death, on January 25,2017, the Kenwood Parkway house was for sale at $1.7 million. Mary Richards, a single native Minnesotan, moves to Minneapolis in 1970 at age 30 and her sincere, kind demeanor often acts as a foil for the personalities of her co-workers and friends. Lou Grant is the Producer of the news and his tough and grumpy demeanor initially hides his kind-hearted nature which is gradually revealed as the series progresses
11.
Al Pacino
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Alfredo James Al Pacino is an American actor of stage and screen, filmmaker, and screenwriter. DeMille Award, and the National Medal of Arts and he is also one of few performers to have won a competitive Oscar, an Emmy and a Tony Award for acting, dubbed the Triple Crown of Acting. He achieved international acclaim and recognition for his role as Michael Corleone in Francis Ford Coppolas The Godfather. He received his first Oscar nomination and would reprise the role in the successful sequels The Godfather Part II. Pacinos performance as Corleone is now regarded as one of the greatest screen performances in film history, for his performances in The Godfather, Dick Tracy and Glengarry Glen Ross, Pacino was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. A lifelong fan of Shakespeare, Pacino directed and starred in Looking for Richard, a film about the play Richard III. He has also acted as Shylock in a 2004 feature film adaptation, since 1994, Pacino has been the joint president of the Actors Studio with Ellen Burstyn and Harvey Keitel. Pacino was born in New York City, to Sicilian-American parents Salvatore Pacino and Rose and his mother moved to The Bronx to live with her parents, Kate and James Gerardi, who, coincidentally, had come from a town in Sicily named Corleone. His father, who was from San Fratello in the Province of Messina, moved to Covina, California, in his teen years Sonny, as he was known to his friends, aimed to become a baseball player, and was also nicknamed The Actor. Pacino went through Herman Ridder Junior High School, but in secondary school dropped out of many classes and he attended the High School of Performing Arts, but dropped out of school at age 17. His mother disagreed with his decision, they argued and he left home and he worked at low-paying jobs, messenger, busboy, janitor, and postal clerk, to finance his acting studies. He once worked in the room for Commentary magazine. He began smoking and drinking at age nine, and took up casual cannabis use at age 13 and his two closest friends died from drug abuse at the ages of 19 and 30. Growing up in The Bronx, he got into fights and was considered something of a troublemaker at school. He acted in basement plays in New Yorks theatrical underground but was rejected for the Actors Studio while a teenager, Pacino then joined the Herbert Berghof Studio, where he met acting teacher Charlie Laughton, who became his mentor and best friend. In this period, he was unemployed and homeless, and sometimes slept on the street, in theaters. In 1962, his mother died at the age of 43, the following year, Pacinos grandfather James Gerardi, one of the most influential people in his life, also died. After four years at HB Studio, Pacino successfully auditioned for the Actors Studio, the Actors Studio is a membership organization of professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City
12.
Meryl Streep
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Mary Louise Meryl Streep is an American actress and philanthropist. Nominated for 20 Academy Awards, Streep has more nominations than any actor or actress. Streep has also received 30 Golden Globe nominations, winning eight—more nominations, Streep made her professional stage debut in Trelawny of the Wells in 1975, and in 1976 received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for 27 Wagons Full of Cotton. She made her debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season. In 1978, she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust and she went on to win Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer, and Best Actress for Sophies Choice and The Iron Lady. President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts, in 2003, the government of France made her a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters. In 2017, Streep was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. Mary Louise Streep was born on June 22,1949, in Summit, New Jersey, the daughter of Mary Wolf Wilkinson, a commercial artist and art editor, the eldest child, she has two younger brothers, Dana David and Harry William III. Streeps father Harry was of German and Swiss ancestry and her fathers lineage traces back to Loffenau, Germany, from where her second great-grandfather, Gottfried Streeb, immigrated to the United States, and where one of her ancestors served as mayor. Another line of her fathers family was from Giswil, Switzerland and her mother had English, German, and Irish ancestry. Some of Streeps maternal ancestors lived in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island and were descended from 17th-century immigrants from England and her eighth great-grandfather, Lawrence Wilkinson, was one of the first Europeans to settle in Rhode Island. Streep is also a distant relative of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, Streeps maternal great-great-grandparents, Manus McFadden and Grace Strain, the namesake of Streeps second daughter, were natives of the Horn Head district of Dunfanaghy, Ireland. Streeps mother, whom she has compared in both appearance and manner to Dame Judi Dench, strongly encouraged her daughter and instilled confidence in her from a young age. Streep has said, She was a mentor because she said to me, Meryl and she was saying, You can do whatever you put your mind to. If youre lazy, youre not going to get it done, but if you put your mind to it, you can do anything. Although Streep was naturally more introverted than her mother, at times when she later needed an injection of confidence in adulthood, she would consult her mother, asking her for advice. Streep was raised as a Presbyterian in Basking Ridge, New Jersey and attended Cedar Hill Elementary School and the Oak Street School, in her Junior High debut, she starred as Lousie Heller in the play The Family Upstairs. In 1963 the family moved to Bernardsville, New Jersey, where she attended Bernards High School
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