1.
Dorothy Chandler Pavilion
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The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is one of the halls in the Los Angeles Music Center. The Music Centers other halls include the Mark Taper Forum, Ahmanson Theatre, the Pavilion has 3,156 seats spread over four tiers, with chandeliers, wide curving stairways and rich décor. The auditoriums sections are the Orchestra, Circle, Loge, as well as Balcony, construction started on March 9,1962, and it was dedicated September 27,1964. The Pavilion was named for Dorothy Buffum Chandler who “led effort to build a home for the Los Angeles Philharmonic. The result was Mrs. Chandler’s crowning achievement, the Music Center of Los Angeles County and her tenacious nine-year campaign on behalf of the Music Center produced more than $19 million in private donations” noted Albert Greenstein in 1999. The building was designed by architect Welton Becket, the project was an example of his firms approach of total design, in which he managed all aspects including design, construction, fixtures, and interior finishes to achieve a coherent whole. The result was the Los Angeles County Holiday Celebration, a Christmas Eve tradition sponsored by the Board of Supervisors, the program is broadcast on KCET-TV and an edited version of the prior years show is syndicated to public television stations via PBS. The opening concert was held on December 6,1964 with Zubin Mehta conducting the Los Angeles Philharmonic with soloist Jascha Heifetz, the program included Fanfare by Richard Strauss, American Festival Overture by William Schuman, Roman Festivals by Ottorino Respighi, Beethovens Violin Concerto. The Los Angeles Master Chorale, under Music Director Roger Wagner, was the other founding resident company at the Pavilion, before creation of the Los Angeles Opera company, the New York City Opera came regularly on tour and performed in the Pavilion. One such tour, in 1967, consisted of two performances of Madama Butterfly, one of La Traviata, and two of Ginasteras Don Rodrigo, each with Plácido Domingo singing the tenor role. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held its annual Academy Awards in the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion from 1969 to 1987,1990,1992 to 1994,1996, the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is featured in the 2008 video game Midnight Club, Los Angeles. The site was used as the location for a perfume ad directed by Spike Jonze. Since 1964, a Christmas Eve tradition for the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is the annual free Holiday Celebration funded by Los Angeles County and it is six hours of music and dance by groups from all around Los Angeles county. The performances are also broadcast on the KCET public television station with a version broadcast on PBS since 2002. Los Angeles Opera List of opera houses Toland, James W, the Music Center Story, a Decade of Achievement 1964–1974, The Music Center Foundation, Los Angeles,1974. Los Angeles Music Centers page on the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion Homepage of the Los Angeles Opera company
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
Whoopi Goldberg
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Caryn Elaine Johnson, known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg, is an American actress, comedian, author and television host. She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who has won an Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, an Oscar, and a Tony Award. She was the black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar. In the period drama film The Color Purple, her role was playing Celie. In the romantic fantasy film Ghost, Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown, in 1992, she starred as a pretend nun in the comedy Sister Act. From 1998 to 2002, she was co-producer of the game show Hollywood Squares. Since 2007, she has been the moderator of the television talk show The View. Caryn Elaine Johnson was born in Manhattan, New York City on November 13,1955, the daughter of Robert James Johnson, Jr. a clergyman, and Emma Johnson and she was raised in the Chelsea-Elliot Houses. Goldberg has described her mother as a stern, strong, and wise woman who raised her as a mother with her brother Clyde. She went to a local Catholic school, St Columbas when she was younger and her more recent forebears migrated north from Faceville, Georgia, Palatka, Florida, and Virginia. She dropped out of Washington Irving High School and she has stated that her stage forename was taken from a whoopee cushion, If you get a little gassy, youve got to let it go. So people used to say to me, Youre like a whoopee cushion, and thats where the name came from. According to the Jewish Chronicle, one suggests that her mother thought that the familys original surname was not Jewish enough for her daughter to become a star. According to an anecdote told by Nichelle Nichols in Trekkies, a young Goldberg was watching Star Trek, theres a black lady on TV and she aint no maid. This spawned lifelong fandom of Star Trek for Goldberg, who would ask for and receive a recurring guest-starring role on Star Trek. Between 1979 and 1981, she lived in East Germany, working in a number of theater productions, during her travels, she would smuggle various items into the country for the artists she stayed with. Goldberg trained under acting teacher Uta Hagen at the HB Studio in New York City and she first appeared onscreen in 1982 in Citizen, Im Not Losing My Mind, Im Giving It Away, an avant-garde ensemble feature by San Francisco filmmaker William Farley. Goldberg created The Spook Show, a show composed of different character monologues in 1983
4.
Geena Davis
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Virginia Elizabeth Geena Davis is an American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model, and former archer. In 2005, Davis won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for her role in Commander in Chief, in 2014, she returned to television portraying Dr. Nicole Herman in Greys Anatomy. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress along with her co-star Susan Sarandon for Thelma, as of autumn 2016, Davis is currently starring as Regan MacNeil/Angela Rance in the horror TV series inspired by the best-selling William Peter Blatty novel The Exorcist, on Fox. Davis was born January 21,1956, in Wareham, Massachusetts and her mother, Lucille, was a teachers assistant, and her father, William F. Davis, was a civil engineer and church deacon, her parents were both from small towns in Vermont. She has a brother named Danforth, at an early age, she became interested in music. She learned piano and flute and played well enough as a teenager to serve as an organist at her Congregationalist church in Wareham. Davis attended Wareham High School and was a student in Sandviken, Sweden. Enrolling at New England College, she graduated with a degree in drama from Boston University in 1979. Davis is a member of Mensa, an organization whose members are in the top 2% of intelligence. Following her education, Davis served as a mannequin for Ann Taylor until signing with New Yorks Zoli modeling agency. Davis was working as a model when she was cast by director Sydney Pollack in his film Tootsie as an opera actress. She followed the role with the part of Wendy Killian in the television series Buffalo Bill. She also wrote the Buffalo Bill episode entitled Miss WBFL, during the run of Buffalo Bill, in 1983, Davis also appeared as Grace Fallon in an episode of Knight Rider entitled K. I. T. T. Her television credits from the also include one episode of Riptide. This was followed by a series of her own, Sara, Davis replaced Debra Winger in the role of Dottie Hinson in A League of Their Own, and received a Best Actress Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance. She then co starred in Hero alongside Dustin Hoffman and Andy Garcia, Davis then teamed up with her husband at that time, director Renny Harlin, for the films Cutthroat Island and The Long Kiss Goodnight. She and Harlin also produced those films, Davis was nominated for the Saturn Awards for her performances as Samantha/Charlie in The Long Kiss Goodnight, and as Eleanor Little in Stuart Little, a role she reprised in 2002 and again in 2005. In 2000–2001, Davis starred in the short-lived sitcom The Geena Davis Show, in the beginning of 2004, she guest starred as Grace Adlers sister, Janet, on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace
5.
Shakespeare in Love
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For the theatre adaptation, see Shakespeare in Love. Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 British-American romantic comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman, the film depicts an imaginary love affair involving Viola de Lesseps and playwright William Shakespeare while he was writing Romeo and Juliet. Several characters are based on figures, and many of the characters, lines. Shakespeare in Love won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress, in 1593 London, William Shakespeare is a sometime player in the Lord Chamberlains Men and poor playwright for Philip Henslowe, owner of The Rose Theatre. Shakespeare is working on a new comedy, Romeo and Ethel, suffering from writers block, he has barely begun the play, but starts auditioning players. Viola de Lesseps, the daughter of a merchant, who has seen Shakespeares plays at court, disguises herself as Thomas Kent to audition. Shakespeare pursues Kent to Violas house and leaves a note with the nurse and he sneaks into the house with the minstrels playing that night at the ball, where her parents are arranging her betrothal to Lord Wessex, an impoverished aristocrat. While dancing with Viola, Shakespeare is struck speechless, and after being ejected by Wessex. Wessex also asks Wills name, to which he replies that he is Christopher Marlowe, when he discovers her true identity, they begin a secret affair. Inspired by her, Shakespeare writes quickly, with help from his friend and rival playwright Christopher Kit Marlowe, completely transforming the play into what will become Romeo, then, Viola is summoned to court to receive approval for her proposed marriage to Lord Wessex. Shakespeare accompanies her, disguised as her female cousin, there, he persuades Wessex to wager £50 that a play can capture the true nature of love, the exact amount Shakespeare requires to buy a share in the Chamberlains Men. Queen Elizabeth I declares that she will judge the matter when the occasion arises. When Richard Burbage, owner of the Curtain, finds out that Shakespeare has cheated him out of money and the play, he goes to the Rose Theatre with his Curtain Theatre Company. The Rose Theatre company drives Burbage and his out and then celebrate at the local pub. Viola is appalled when she learns Shakespeare is married, albeit separated from his wife, will discovers that Marlowe is dead, and thinks he is to blame. Lord Wessex suspects an affair between Shakespeare and his bride-to-be, because Wessex thinks that Will is Kit Marlowe, he approves of Kits death, and tells Viola the news. It is later learned that Marlowe had been killed in an accident, Viola finds out that Will is still alive, and declares her love for him. When Edmund Tilney, the Master of the Revels, is informed there is a player at The Rose
6.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
7.
70th Academy Awards
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During the show, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories honoring films released in 1997. The ceremony, which was televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates, actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the sixth time. He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990, Titanic won a record-tying eleven awards including Best Director for James Cameron and Best Picture. The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States, Titanic received the most nominations with a record-tying fourteen, Good Will Hunting and L. A. Confidential came in second with nine apiece. The winners were announced during the ceremony on March 23,1998. With eleven awards, Titanic tied with Ben-Hur for the most academy awards in Oscar history and it also became the first film to win Best Picture without a screenplay nomination since 1965s The Sound of Music. Both won for their roles in As Good as it Gets, at age 87, Stuart also became the oldest performer nominated for a competitive Oscar. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger, stanley Donen The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers. In December 1997, the Academy hired veteran Oscar telecast producer Gil Cates to oversee the 1998 ceremony, “Gil has become the consummate Oscar show producer, consistently garnering top television ratings for the telecast, ” said AMPAS president Robert Rehme in a press release announcing the selection. “His shows are full of wit, charm and surprise. ”A few days later, actor, Cates explained his reason to bring back the veteran comedian saying, Billys performance last year was spectacular. In an article published in USA Today he initially requested to Cates, however, pressure from the Academy, Cates, and several friends and family members made him reconsider his decision. His sixth stint would make him only to Bob Hope in number of ceremonies hosted. Each former winner was acknowledged by announcer Norman Rose with the films he or she won for, at the end of the segment newly minted winners Kim Bassinger, Helen Hunt, and Robin Williams joined them. This marked the largest gathering of winners since the 50th ceremony held in 1978. Several others participated in the production of the ceremony, bill Conti served as musical director for the telecast. Dancer Daniel Ezralow choreographed a dance number showcasing the nominees for Best Original Comedy or Musical Score, bart the Bear made a surprise appearance during the presentation of the Best Sound award with Mike Myers. At the time of the announcement on February 10, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees was $579 million with an average of $116 million per film. Titanic was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $338.7 million in box office receipts
8.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
9.
72nd Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, the AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by husband-and-wife producing team Richard, Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the seventh time. He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 70th ceremony held in 1998. Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on March 4, American Beauty won five awards, including Best Picture. The telecast garnered almost 47 million viewers in the United States, the nominees for the 72nd Academy Awards were announced on February 15,2000, at 5,38 a. m. PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Robert Rehme, president of the Academy, American Beauty received the most nominations with eight total, The Cider House Rules and The Insider tied for second with seven nominations each. The winners were announced during the ceremony on March 26,2000. Sam Mendes was the person to win Best Director for his directorial debut. Best Actor winner Kevin Spacey became the performer to win acting Oscars in both lead and supporting categories. By virtue of her father Jon Voights Best Lead Actor win for 1978s Coming Home, Best Supporting Actress winner Angelina Jolie, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger. Andrzej Wajda Warren Beatty The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers, in view of the new millennium, the Academy sought to both shorten the telecast and give the ceremony a new look. Husband–and–wife producers Richard D. Zanuck and Lili Fini Zanuck were recruited to oversee the production of the 2000 ceremony, AMPAS president Robert Rehme explained the decision to hire the Zanucks saying, With this new producing team in place, I look forward to a whole new perspective. This marked the first occurrence that a woman was tapped for producing duties at the Oscars, despite Richard and Lilis promises to make changes to the ceremony, they hired actor and veteran Oscar host Billy Crystal to host the ceremony for the seventh time. Production of the ceremony was reported to be far more ambitious, the columns were used to display images of previous Oscar appearances as presenters took the stage, nomination packages, and reaction shots of the acting nominees as the winner was being announced. Several other people were involved in the production of the ceremony, Actor Peter Coyote, who served as announcer for the telecast, was often seen before commercial breaks live behind the stage. Musical directors Burt Bacharach, Don Was, and Rob Shrock composed a soundtrack that substituted for a live orchestra during most of the ceremony. In addition, Bacharach rounded up musicians that included Garth Brooks, Queen Latifah, choreographer Kenny Ortega supervised the Blame Canada musical number. At the time of the announcement on February 15, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees was $521 million with an average of $104 million per film
10.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
11.
Pacific Time Zone
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The Pacific Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time. During daylight saving time, its time offset is UTC−7 and is based on the mean solar time of the 105th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory. In the United States and Canada, this zone is generically called the Pacific Time Zone. Specifically, it uses Pacific Standard Time when observing standard time, most of Canada uses daylight saving time. In Mexico, the UTC−8 time zone is known as the Northwest Zone, the largest city in the Pacific Time Zone is Los Angeles, the citys metropolitan area is the largest in the zone. The following states or areas are part of the Pacific Time Zone, California Washington Oregon – all, except for most of Malheur County, nevada Idaho Panhandle – the northern half of Idaho, north of the Salmon River. The town of Hyder, Alaska, is officially in the Alaska Time Zone, however, most of the town observes the Pacific Time because of strong connections with nearby Stewart, British Columbia, which is in the Pacific Time Zone. The United States Post Office in Hyder strictly adheres to Alaska Time, in Canada, the Pacific Time Zone includes most of British Columbia, all of Yukon, and the townsite of Tungsten. In Mexico, the state of Baja California lies completely within the Pacific Time Zone and this does not include the state of Baja California Sur, which is south of Baja California. Through 2006, the time changed to daylight time at 02,00 LST to 03,00 LDT on the first Sunday in April. The Canadian provinces and territories that use daylight time each adopted these dates between October 2005 and February 2007, in Mexico, beginning in 2010, the portion of the country in this time zone uses the extended dates, as do some other parts. The vast majority of Mexico, however, still uses the old dates
12.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
13.
66th Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates, Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the first time. Nearly a month earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California on February 26, Schindlers List won seven awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Steven Spielberg. Doubtfire, Schwarzfahrer and The Wrong Trousers with one, the telecast was watched by more than 46 million viewers in the United States. Schindlers List led all nominees with twelve nominations, The Piano, the winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 21,1994. Best Director nominee Jane Campion was the woman to be nominated in that category. Holly Hunter and Emma Thompsons nominations in lead and supporting acting categories marked the first occurrence that two performers earned double acting nominations in the same year. Best Supporting Actress winner Anna Paquin, at age 11, became the second youngest winner of a competitive acting Oscar, behind Tatum ONeal, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double-dagger. In a statement released by his publicist, he stated, After three Grammys, four Oscars and six Comic Reliefs, Im going to take a break from my hosting duties. I always felt honored to host the show and did my best to carry on the tradition of Bob Hope, I hope the new host has as good a time as I did. With Crystal absent to host the Oscars, many media outlets wondered whom producer Gil Cates would hire to emcee the program, Cates also offered the role to performers Steve Martin, Bette Midler, and Johnny Carson, but they all turned down the opportunity. After several days of speculation, Cates announced that he hired Oscar-winning actress, by virtue of her selection, Goldberg became both the first African American to host as well as the first woman to host the telecast solo. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Cates explained the decision to hire her saying and he also addressed the medias concerns regarding Goldbergs raunchy and outspoken humor stating, Some people may think shes potentially dangerous, and she says things that come to her mind. Its going to be exciting for me, the main thing is she wants to do it and shes smart. Whatever she says will be appropriate, Goldberg expressed that she was thrilled to be selected to emcee the 1994 ceremony commenting, To go from watching to winning to hosting in one lifetime is major. As with previous ceremonies he produced, Cates centered the show around a theme, during that segment, singer Bernadette Peters performing a modified version of Stephen Sondheims song Putting It Together from his musical Sunday in the Park with George. Filmmaker and editor Carol A. Streit assembled another montage featuring a salute to the work of cinematographers, several other people and elements were also involved with the production of the ceremony. Film composer and musician Bill Conti served as director of the ceremony
14.
68th Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Quincy Jones, Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the second time, having previously presided over the 66th ceremony in 1994. Braveheart won five awards, including Best Director for Mel Gibson, the telecast garnered almost 45 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 68th Academy Awardswere announced on February 13,1996, PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater by president of the Academy, and the music producer Quincy Jones. Braveheart led all nominees with ten nominations, Apollo 13 came in second with nine, the winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 25,1996. Braveheart was the film to win Best Picture with no acting nominations. With her Best Supporting Actress win for Mighty Aphrodite, Mira Sorvino became the second actress to win the aforementioned category for a performance in a film directed by Woody Allen. Best Adapted Screenplay winner Emma Thompson was the first person to win Oscars for both acting and screenwriting and she had previously won Best Actress for her performance in the 1992 film Howards End. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger, chuck Jones Kirk Douglas John Lasseter for Toy Story The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. As a result of the reception of David Lettermans stint as host from the preceding years ceremony, veteran film. In November 1995, AMPAS recruited music producer and Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award recipient Quincy Jones as producer of the 1996 ceremony, Jones immediately selected actress and comedian Whoopi Goldberg to host the ceremony. One segment that was staged during the ceremony was a fashion show showcasing the nominees for Best Costume Design. Initially, actor Jack Nicholson was approached to introduce the segment along with models Naomi Campbell, however, actor Pierce Brosnan accepted the role of presenter of the segment and award after Nicholson declined those respective duties. Several other people and elements were involved with the production of the ceremony. Jeff Margolis served as director for the program, Actress and talk show host Oprah Winfrey interviewed several nominees and other attendees during a seven-minute red carpet arrival segment shown at the beginning of the telecast. Musician and saxophonist Tom Scott served as director for the ceremony. Choreographer Jamie King supervised the performances of the Best Song nominees, Babe, the pig from the eponymous film, and Miss Piggy participated in a comedy sketch during the proceedings. Beginning with this ceremony, the AMPAS music branch divided the category of Best Original Score into two categories, Best Dramatic Score and Best Musical or Comedy Score
15.
Beverly Wilshire Hotel
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The Beverly Wilshire Hotel is a historic luxury hotel in Beverly Hills, California. Located at the intersection of Wilshire Boulevard and Rodeo Drive, it was completed in 1928 and it has been used as a shooting location for films and television series. Guests have included US presidents and celebrities, the hotel is located at 9500 Wilshire Boulevard on the east side of South Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, California. The hotel was constructed by real estate developer Walter G. McCarty on the site of the former Beverly Hills Speedway and it was completed in 1928, and was then known as the Beverly Wilshire Apartment Hotel. The E-shaped structure is built of a Tuscan stone and Carrara marble in the Italian Renaissance architecture style, renamed the Beverly Wilshire Hotel by new owners, it was renovated with a ballroom in the 1940s to accommodate the popular big bands of the day. An Olympic-sized swimming pool was built and championship tennis courts were added, the hotel changed hands in 1958 and again in 1961, when it was purchased by a group of investors headed by Hernando Courtright. The singer Elvis Presley and later the actor Warren Beatty lived several years in the hotel and it was also the home of John Lennon, when he was separated for several months from his wife Yoko Ono. The American socialite and Woolworth department store heiress Barbara Hutton spent her last years in poverty and poor health in the hotel. Acquired by Regent International Hotels in 1985, the 395-room luxury hotel has been managed by the Four Seasons Hotel since 1992, famous guests have included, among many others, U. S. The Beverly Wilshire was a filming location for HBOs Entourage television series, with cast. Since 2006, Wolfgang Puck has operated a restaurant, Cut, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Official website
16.
Beverly Hills, California
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Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood. By 2013, its population had grown to 34,658, sometimes referred to as 90210, one of its primary ZIP codes, it was home to many actors and celebrities throughout the 20th century. The city includes the Rodeo Drive shopping district and the Beverly Hills Oil Field, gaspar de Portolá arrived in the area that would later become Beverly Hills on August 3,1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita Quinteros de Valdez and her husband in 1828 and they called their 4,500 acres of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas. in 1854, she sold the ranch to Benjamin Davis Wilson and Henry Hancock. By the 1880s, the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres and was being bought up by anglos from Los Angeles. Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it, at this point, the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings and they did not find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though. In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property Beverly Hills, subdivided it, the development was named Beverly Hills after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area. The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow, Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents and it was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills. Burton Green began construction on The Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911, the hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills and that same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the company and incorporated in September 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921, the glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal. By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue, in 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed. There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford, Fairbanks, Will Rogers, the Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507. In 1925, Beverly Hills approved an issue to buy 385 acres for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to pay for the new campus
17.
Anne Heche
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Anne Celeste Heche is an American actress, a director, and a screenwriter. Her film credits include Six Days, Seven Nights, Return to Paradise, I Know What You Did Last Summer, Donnie Brasco, John Q, and Volcano. She also starred in the television series Men in Trees, Hung, Save Me, Dig, recently, she played the female lead in the post-apocalyptic action drama Aftermath, on the Space channel and Syfy. Anne Heche was born on May 25,1969 in Aurora, Ohio, Heches family moved a total of eleven times during her childhood, at one point, they lived in an Amish community. When asked in a 2001 interview on Larry King Live what her fathers source of income was, Heche replied, Well, but I dont think he made much on that a week. He said that he was involved in a business of gas, and he said that until the day he died. But he never was involved in the business of gas and oil ever, the family settled in Ocean City, New Jersey when Heche was twelve years old. Due to desperate finances, Anne went to work at a theater in Swainton. At the time we’d been kicked out of our house and my family was holed up living in a bedroom in the home of a family from our church. I got $100 a week, which was more than anyone else in my family and we all pooled our money in an envelope in a drawer and saved up enough to move out after a year. On March 3,1983, when Heche was thirteen, her 45-year-old father died of AIDS and he was in complete denial until the day he died. We know he got it from his gay relationships, I dont think it was just one. He was a promiscuous man, and we knew his lifestyle then. Despite her father being gay, Heche has claimed that he raped her from the time she was an infant until she was twelve. When asked But why would a gay man rape a girl, in a 2001 interview with The Advocate, Heche replied I dont think he was just a gay man. I think he was sexually deviant and my belief was that my father was gay and he had to cover that up. I think he was sexually abusive, the more he couldnt be who he was, the more that came out of him in ways that it did. Three months after her fathers death, Heches 18-year-old brother Nathan was killed in a car crash, the official determination was that he fell asleep at the wheel and struck a tree, though Heche claims he committed suicide
18.
Saving Private Ryan
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Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war drama film set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II. It follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller and a squad as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan, who is the last-surviving brother of four servicemen. The film received acclaim, winning several awards for film, cast. The film grossed US$481.8 million worldwide, making it the film of the year. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, Spielbergs direction won his second Academy Award for Best Director, Saving Private Ryan was released on home video in May 1999, earning another $44 million from sales. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed culturally, historically, in the late 1990s, an elderly World War II veteran and his family visit the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial in Normandy, France. The veteran walks around the cemetery and, upon seeing one specific gravestone, collapses to his knees, on the morning of June 6,1944, the beginning of the Normandy Invasion, American soldiers prepare to land on Omaha Beach. They suffer heavily from their struggle against German infantry, machine gun nests, after the battle, the body of a dead soldier lying face down on the beach, with S. Ryan stenciled on the back of his pack, is shown. Meanwhile, in Washington, D. C, at the U. S, War Department, General George Marshall is informed that three of the four brothers of the Ryan family were killed in action and that their mother is to receive all three telegrams on the same day. He learns that the son, Private First Class James Francis Ryan, is a paratrooper and is missing in action somewhere in Normandy. Marshall, after reading Abraham Lincolns Bixby letter, orders that Ryan must be found, three days after D-Day, Miller receives orders to find Ryan and bring him back from the front. He assembles six men from his company—T/Sgt, Miller and his men move out to Neuville, there, they meet a squad from the 101st Airborne Division. Caparzo dies after being shot by a sniper, eventually, they locate a Private James Ryan, but soon learn that he is not their man. They find a member of Ryans regiment who informs them that his drop zone was at Vierville, once they reach it, Miller meets a friend of Ryans, who reveals that Ryan is defending a strategically important bridge over the Merderet River in the fictional town of Ramelle. On the way to Ramelle, Miller decides to neutralize a German machine gun position, no longer confident in Millers leadership, Reiben declares his intention to desert the squad and the mission, prompting a confrontation with Horvath. The argument heats up until Miller defuses the situation by disclosing his background in civilian life, Reiben then reluctantly decides to stay. Upon arrival at Ramelle, Miller and the squad come upon a group of paratroopers. Ryan is told of his brothers deaths, the mission to bring him home, and that two men had been lost in the quest to find him
19.
Life Is Beautiful
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Life Is Beautiful is a 1997 Italian comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni, who co-wrote the film with Vincenzo Cerami. Benigni plays Guido Orefice, a Jewish Italian book shop owner, the film was partially inspired by the book In the End, I Beat Hitler by Rubino Romeo Salmonì and by Benignis father, who spent two years in a German labour camp during World War II. The film was a critical and financial success, despite criticisms of using the subject matter for comedic purposes. It won the Grand Prix at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, nine David di Donatello Awards, including Best Film, in Italy, and three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Benigni. In 1939 in the Kingdom of Italy, Guido Orefice is a young Jewish man who arrives to work in the city where his uncle Eliseo operates a restaurant, Guido is comical and sharp, and falls in love with a girl named Dora. Later, he sees her again in the city where she is a teacher and set to be engaged to a rich but arrogant man, Guido sets up many coincidental incidents to show his interest in Dora. Finally Dora sees Guidos affection and promise and gives in against her better judgement and he steals her from her engagement party on a horse, humiliating her fiancé and mother. They are later married and have a son, Giosuè, when World War II breaks out, Guido, his uncle, and Giosuè are seized on Giosuès birthday. They and many other Jews are forced onto a train and taken to a concentration camp, after confronting a guard about her husband and son and being told there is no mistake, Dora volunteers to get on the train in order to be close to her family. However, as men and women are separated in the camp, Dora, Guido pulls off stunts, such as using the camps loudspeaker to send messages—symbolic or literal—to Dora to assure her that he and their son are safe. Eliseo is executed in a gas chamber shortly after their arrival, Giosuè barely avoids being gassed himself as he hates to take baths and showers, and did not follow the other children when they had been ordered to enter the gas chambers. In the camp, Guido hides their true situation from his son, Guido explains to Giosuè that the camp is a complicated game in which he must perform the tasks Guido gives him. Each of the tasks will earn points and whoever gets to one thousand points first will win a tank. He tells him if he cries, complains that he wants his mother, or says that he is hungry, he will lose points. Giosuè is at times reluctant to go along with the game, Guido goes to find Dora, but while he is out he is caught by a German soldier. An officer makes the decision to execute Guido, who is led off by the soldier, while he is walking to his death, Guido passes by Giosuè one last time, still in character and playing the game. He winks at Giosuè and Giosuè winks back as Guido is led away to be shot, the next morning, Giosuè emerges from the sweat-box, just as a U. S. Army unit led by a Sherman tank arrives and the camp is liberated. The prisoners travel to safety, accompanied by the Americans, Giosuè soon spots Dora in the procession leaving the camp and are reunited
20.
Affliction (film)
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Affliction is an American drama film produced in 1997, written and directed by Paul Schrader from the novel by Russell Banks. It stars Nick Nolte, Sissy Spacek, James Coburn and Willem Dafoe, Affliction tells the story of Wade Whitehouse, a small-town policeman in New Hampshire. Detached from the people around him, including a dominating father, the film begins with a voice-over narration by Rolfe Whitehouse, announcing the story of his brother Wades strange criminal behavior and subsequent disappearance. Wade Whitehouse is a policeman in New Hampshire. On Halloween night, Wade meets his daughter Jill from his marriage, but he is late. Jill eventually calls her mother to come and pick her up, when his ex-wife finally arrives, Wade shoves her lover against their car and watches them drive away with Jill. Wade vows to get a lawyer to help gain custody of his daughter, the next day, Wade rushes to the scene of a crime. A hunting guide named Jack claims that the man with whom he was hunting accidentally shot, the police believe Jack, but Wade grows suspicious, believing that the mans death was no accident. When he is informed that the victim was scheduled to testify in a lawsuit, Wade finds his mother lying dead in her bed from hypothermia. Glen Whitehouse reacts to her death with little surprise, at the funeral wake, the father gets drunk and loudly exclaims, Not one of you is worth one hair on that womans head. Resulting in a confrontation between Wade and him, Rolfe, who has come home for the funeral, suggests at first that Wades murder theory could be correct, but later renounces himself of this presumption. Nonetheless, Wade becomes obsessed with his conviction, when Wade learns that town Selectman Gordon Lariviere is buying up property all over town with the help from a wealthy land developer, he makes the solving of these incidents his personal mission. Suffering from a toothache and becoming increasingly socially detached, he behaves more and more unpredictably. He follows Jack, convinced that Jack is running away from something and is involved in a conspiracy, after a car chase, a nervous Jack finally pulls over, threatens Wade with a rifle, shoots out his tires, and drives off. Finally, Wade is fired from his police job both for his constant harassment of Jack and his trashing of Larivieres office and he collects Jill from her mothers house, where his ex-wife furiously castigates his plans to sue for full custody. At the local restaurant, he attacks the bartender in front of his daughter after he jokingly insults Wade, then Wade takes Jill home to find Margie leaving him. Wade grabs Margie and begs her to stay with him, but Jill rushes up, in response, Wade pushes Jill, causing her nose to bleed. Wade is then approached by his father Glen, who congratulates him for acting as a real man
21.
Bunny (1998 film)
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Bunny is a 1998 computer-animated short film by Chris Wedge and produced by Blue Sky Studios. It has been featured on the original Ice Age DVD release from 2002, influenced by the classic Uncle Wiggily illustrations by Lansing Campbell, the short features the music of Tom Waits. Bunny won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film in 1999 as well a Golden Nica at the Prix Ars Electronica, Bunny, an elderly female rabbit, lives alone in a small cabin in the forest. While baking a cake one night, she is bothered by a large moth that keeps flying around her kitchen. No matter what she does, she cannot get rid of the intruder, she is annoyed when it runs into a photograph, taken many years ago, of herself. Eventually she knocks it into the batter, which she quickly pours into a pan. She then sets the timer and falls asleep, only to be awakened by loud rumblings and blue-white light coming from the oven. She is soon revealed to be dozens of moths being drawn to the light. During his introduction to the film on the Ice Age DVD, Bunny dies in her sleep, and the oven serves as a gateway to the afterlife. Her spirit is instinctively drawn into it, as a moth going toward a bright light, official website Bunny at The Big Cartoon DataBase Bunny at the Internet Movie Database Bunny at the TCM Movie Database
22.
Central Station (film)
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Central Station is a 1998 Brazilian–French drama film set in Brazil. It tells the story of a young boys friendship with a jaded middle-aged woman, the film was adapted by João Emanuel Carneiro and Marcos Bernstein from a story by Walter Salles, who directed it. It features Fernanda Montenegro and Vinícius de Oliveira in the major roles, the films title in Portuguese is the name of Rio de Janeiros main railway station. Montenegros performance earned her acclaim and an Academy Award for Best Actress nomination. The film itself was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Dora is a retired schoolteacher who has become embittered. She works at Rio de Janeiros Central Station, writing letters for illiterate customers and she can be impatient with her customers and sometimes does not mail the letters that she writes, putting them in a drawer or even tearing them up. Josué is a poor 9-year-old boy who has never met his father, but hopes to do so. His mother sends letters to his father through Dora, saying that she hopes to reunite with him soon, but when she is killed in a bus accident just outside the train station, the boy is left homeless. Dora takes him in and traffics him to a corrupt couple, Dora is initially reluctant to be responsible for the boy, but ends up deciding to take a trip with him to Northeast Brazil in order to find his fathers house and leave him there. Dora tries to leave Josué on the bus, but he follows her, penniless, they are picked up by a kind, Evangelical truck driver who abandons them when Dora encourages him to drink beer and then grows too friendly. Dora trades her watch for a ride to Bom Jesus do Norte, with no money, Josué saves them from destitution by suggesting Dora write letters for the pilgrims who have arrived in Bom Jesus for a massive pilgrimage. This time she posts the letters and they take the bus to the settlements, but when they locate the address they have for Josués father, they are told by the new residents that he no longer lives there and has disappeared. Josué tells Dora that he wait for him, but Dora invites him to live with her. She calls Irene in Rio and asks her to sell her refrigerator, sofa and she says that she will call when she gets settled somewhere. After she hangs up, she learns there are no buses leaving until the next morning. Isaías, one of Josués half-brothers, is working on a next to the bus stop. After introducing himself, Dora says that she is a friend of his father and was in the area, Isaías insists that she and Josué, who, suspicious of the stranger, has introduced himself as Geraldo, come to dinner. They return to his house, where they meet Moisés, the other half-brother, Isaías asks Dora to read a letter that his father wrote to Ana when he disappeared, six months ago, in case she returned
23.
Elizabeth (film)
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The film is loosely based on the early years of Elizabeths reign. Blanchett and Rush reprised their roles in the sequel, Elizabeth, The Golden Age, the film brought Australian actress Blanchett to international attention. She won several awards for her portrayal of Elizabeth, notably a BAFTA, the film was named the 1998 BAFTA Award for Best British Film and was nominated for seven awards at the 71st Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actress, winning Best Makeup. The film sees a young Elizabeth elevated to the throne on the death of her half-sister Mary I, Elizabeths reign over the divided and bankrupt realm is perceived as weak and under threat of invasion by France or Spain. For the future stability and security of the crown she is urged by advisor William Cecil to marry, she has suitors in the Catholic Philip II of Spain, however, she instead embarks on an affair with the wholly unsuitable Robert Dudley. Elizabeth must counter threats from within, such as the powerful Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk and she also faces plots from Rome directed by Pope Pius V. Assisted by her spymaster Francis Walsingham, she puts down the threats both internal and external, ruthlessly executing the plotters, Elizabeth eventually ends her and Roberts affair and resolves to marry nobody except England. The film ends with Elizabeth assuming the persona of the Virgin Queen, in 1558, Catholic Queen Mary dies of a uterine tumour. Marys Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth, under house arrest for conspiracy charges, is freed and crowned the Queen of England, Cecil advises Elizabeth to marry, produce an heir, and secure her rule. Mary of Guise lands an additional 4,000 French troops in neighbouring Scotland, Walsingham tells Elizabeth that Catholic lords and priests intentionally deprived Elizabeths army of proper soldiers and used their defeat to argue for Elizabeths removal. Realizing the depth of the conspiracy against her and her options, Elizabeth accepts Mary of Guises conditions. In response to the Acts passage, the Vatican sends a priest to England to aid Norfolk, unaware of the plot, Elizabeth meets Henry of France but ignores his advances in favour of Lord Robert. William Cecil confronts Elizabeth over her indecisiveness about marrying and reveals Lord Robert is married to another woman, Elizabeth survives an assassination attempt, whose evidence implicates Mary of Guise. Elizabeth sends Walsingham to secretly meet with Mary in Scotland, under the guise of once again planning to marry Henry, instead, Walsingham assassinates Guise, inciting French enmity against Elizabeth. When William Cecil orders her to solidify relations with the Spanish, Elizabeth dismisses him from her service, Walsingham warns of another plot to kill Elizabeth, spearheaded by the priest from Rome carrying letters of conspiracy. Walsingham arrests Norfolk, and executes him and every conspirator except Lord Robert, drawing inspiration from the divine, Elizabeth cuts her hair and models her appearance after the Virgin Mary. Proclaiming herself married to England, she ascends the throne as the Virgin Queen, kapurs original choice for the role was Emily Watson, however she turned it down. Cate Blanchett was chosen to play Elizabeth after Kapur saw a trailer of Oscar, according to the directors commentary, Kapur mentioned that the role of the Pope was originally offered to, and accepted by, Marlon Brando
24.
Gods and Monsters (film)
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Not to be confused with Justice League, Gods and Monsters. Gods and Monsters is a 1998 British-American drama film that recounts the last days of the life of troubled film director James Whale and it stars Ian McKellen as Whale, along with Brendan Fraser, Lynn Redgrave, Lolita Davidovich and David Dukes. The film was directed and written by Bill Condon, based on Christopher Brams novel Father of Frankenstein and it won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Supporting Role. The film features reconstructions of the filming of Bride of Frankenstein, the title comes from a line in Bride of Frankenstein, in which the character Dr. Pretorius toasts Dr. Frankenstein, To a new world of gods and monsters. The story has also adapted as a play of the same name which premiered in London at the Southwark Playhouse in February 2015. The story opens in the 1950s, after the Korean War, it has more than a decade since James Whale, director of Frankenstein. He lives with his housemaid, Hanna, who loyally cares for him. Whale slips into his past, and indulges in his fantasies, reminiscing about gay pool parties and also sexually teasing an embarrassed, Whale battles depression, at times contemplating suicide, as he realizes his life, his attractiveness, and his health are slipping away. Whale befriends his young, handsome gardener and former Marine, Clayton Boone, the two men bond while discussing their lives and dealing with Whales spells of disorientation and weakness from the strokes. Boone, impressed with Whales fame, watches The Bride of Frankenstein on TV as his friends mock the movie, his friendship with Whale, and Whales intentions. Boone assures Whale that he is straight and receives assurance from Whale that there is no sexual interest, Boone later returns with the agreement that no such locker room discussions occur again. Boone is invited to escort Whale to a party hosted by George Cukor for Princess Margaret, there, a photo op has been arranged for Whale with his Monsters, Boris Karloff and Elsa Lanchester from ancient movie fame. A sudden rain storm becomes an excuse to leave, back at Whales home, Boone needs a dry change of clothes. Whale can only find a sweater, so Boone wears a towel wrapped around his waist, Whale decides to try to sketch Boone one more time. After some minutes, he shows his sketches to Boone, disclosing that he has lost his ability to draw. After Boone drops his towel to pose nude, Whale makes him wear a World War I gas mask and then uses the opportunity to make an advance on Boone. Boone becomes enraged and attacks Whale, who confesses that this had been his plan, Boone refuses, puts Whale to bed, then sleeps downstairs. The next morning, Hanna is alarmed when she cant find Whale, prompting a search by Boone, Boone finds Whale floating dead in the pool, as a distraught Hanna runs out clutching a suicide note
25.
The Last Days
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The Last Days is a documentary, directed by James Moll and produced by June Beallor and Kenneth Lipper in 1998. Steven Spielberg was one of the producers, in his role as founder of the Shoah Foundation. The film tells the stories of five Hungarian Jews during the Shoah and it focuses on the horrors of life in the Nazi concentration camps, but also stresses the optimism and desire to survive of the survivors. The film won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, Shoah survivors Bill Basch, Irene Zisblatt, Renee Firestone, Alice Lok Cahana, Tom Lantos, Dario Gabbai who was a Greek Jew from Salonica, and Randolph Braham are featured in the film. List of Holocaust films The Last Days at the Internet Movie Database
26.
The Prince of Egypt
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The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic biblical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by DreamWorks Pictures. The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt. Directed by Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner, and Simon Wells, the featured songs written by Stephen Schwartz. The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a role, Ralph Fiennes, Michelle Pfeiffer, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Goldblum, Danny Glover, Patrick Stewart, Helen Mirren, Steve Martin. The film has a blend of animation and CGI, created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics. Theatrically released on December 18,1998, and on video on September 14,1999, reviews were generally positive, with critics praising the animation, music. The film went on to gross over $218 million worldwide in theaters, the films success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph, King of Dreams and the development of a stage adaptation. The song When You Believe became a successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey. Fearing for her own newborn sons safety, Yocheved places him in a basket afloat on the Nile River, not before bidding him farewell with a final but powerful lullaby. Miriam follows the basket to the Pharaohs palace and witnesses her baby brother safely adopted by Queen Tuya, years later, Moses and his brother Rameses are scolded by their father for accidentally destroying a temple during one of their youthful misadventures. At Moses suggestion, Seti, seeking to give Rameses the opportunity to prove that he is responsible, names him Prince Regent and gives him authority over Egypts temples. As a tribute, the high priests Hotep and Huy offer him a beautiful young Midianite woman, Tzipporah, later that evening, Moses follows Tzipporah as she escapes from the palace and runs into the now-adult Miriam and Aaron, but he does not recognize them. Miriam then sings her mothers lullaby, which Moses remembers, he returns to the palace, the truth about his past is later confirmed by a nightmare, and finally by Seti himself, who disturbs Moses by claiming the Hebrews are only slaves. The next morning, Moses accidentally kills an Egyptian guard while trying to stop him from whipping a Hebrew slave, horrified and ashamed, Moses flees into the desert in exile, despite Rameses pleas to stay. While in the desert Moses defends three young girls from bandits, only to find out their older sister is Tzipporah, Moses is welcomed by Tzipporahs father and the high priest of Midian, Jethro. After assimilating this new culture, Moses becomes a shepherd and marries Tzipporah, one day, while chasing a stray lamb, Moses discovers a burning bush through which God tells him to go back to Egypt and guide the Hebrew slaves to freedom. God bestows Moses shepherding staff with his power and promises that he will tell Moses what to say, Moses and Tzipporah return to Egypt, where Moses is happily greeted by Rameses, who is now Pharaoh. Rather than be persuaded, Rameses hardens and doubles the Hebrews workload, Moses inflicts nine of the Plagues of Egypt, but Rameses refuses to relent and, against Moses warning, vows to never release the Hebrew slaves
27.
What Dreams May Come (film)
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What Dreams May Come is a 1998 American fantasy drama film, starring Robin Williams and Cuba Gooding Jr. The film is based on the 1978 novel of the name by Richard Matheson. It won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and the Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design and it was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction. The title is from a line in Hamlets To be, or not to be soliloquy, while vacationing in Switzerland, pediatrician Chris Nielsen meets artist Annie Collins. They are attracted to other, and bond as if they had known each other for a long time. They marry and have two children, Ian and Marie and their idyllic life ends when the children die in a car crash. Life becomes difficult, Annie suffers a breakdown and the couple contemplates divorce. On the anniversary of the day they decided not to divorce, unaware that he is dead, and confused that no one will interact with him, Chris lingers on Earth. He sees Annies attempts to cope with his loss and attempts to communicate with her, when his attempts cause more sorrow, he decides to move on. Chris awakens in Heaven, and learns that his immediate surroundings can be controlled by his imagination and he meets a man he recognizes as Albert, his friend and mentor from his medical residency, and the presence from his time as a ghost on Earth. Albert will guide and help in this new afterlife, Albert teaches Chris about his existence in Heaven, and how to shape his little corner, and to travel to others dreams. Albert explains that this is a sign that the couple are truly soul mates, Annie decides that Chris cannot see the painting, however, and destroys it. At the same time, Chris sees his version of the tree disintegrate before his eyes. Chris laments that he can no longer see his wife and soon encounters a woman who he comes to recognize as his daughter Marie, the two share a tearful reunion. Meanwhile, Annie is unable to cope with the loss of her husband, Chris is adamant that he will rescue Annie from Hell, despite Alberts insistence that no one has ever succeeded in doing so with a suicide. Albert agrees to find Chris a tracker to help search for Annies soul, on the journey to Hell, Chris recalls his son, Ian. Remembering how hed called him the one man hed want at his side to brave Hell, Ian explains that he chose Alberts appearance because he knew that Chris would listen to Albert without reservation. Before they part, Ian begs Chris to remember how he saved his marriage following Ian, Chris then journeys onward with the tracker
28.
Kevin Spacey
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Kevin Spacey Fowler, better known as Kevin Spacey, is an American actor, film director, producer, screenwriter, and singer. He began his career as an actor during the 1980s before obtaining supporting roles in film. In Broadway theatre, Spacey won a Tony Award for his role in Lost in Yonkers and he was the artistic director of the Old Vic theatre in London from 2004 until stepping down in mid-2015. Since 2013, Spacey has played Frank Underwood in the Netflix political drama series House of Cards, Spacey was born in South Orange, New Jersey, to Kathleen Ann, a secretary, and Thomas Geoffrey Fowler, a technical writer and data consultant. He has two siblings, a sister, Julie, and a brother, Randy. He has English, Swedish, and Welsh ancestry and his family relocated to Southern California when Spacey was four years old. He attended Northridge Military Academy, Canoga Park High School, and then Chatsworth High School in Chatsworth, California, where he graduated co-valedictorian of his class in 1977. At Chatsworth, Spacey starred in the senior production of The Sound of Music. He took Spacey as his stage name, several reports have incorrectly suggested that he took his name in tribute to actor Spencer Tracy, combining Tracys first and last names. He had tried to succeed as a comedian for several years, before attending the Juilliard School in New York City, during this time period, Spacey performed stand-up comedy in bowling alley talent contests. Spaceys first professional appearance was as a spear carrier in a New York Shakespeare Festival performance of Henry VI. The following year, he made his first Broadway appearance, as Oswald in a production of Henrik Ibsens Ghosts, then he portrayed Philinte in Molières The Misanthrope. In 1984, he appeared in a production of David Rabes Hurlyburly, next came Anton Chekhovs The Seagull. In 1986, he appeared in a production of Sleuth in a New Jersey dinner theatre, Lemmon in particular would become a mentor to Spacey. He made his first major appearance in the second-season premiere of Crime Story. Although his interest soon turned to film, Spacey remained actively involved in the theater community. In 1991, he won a Tony Award for his portrayal of Uncle Louie in Neil Simons Broadway hit Lost in Yonkers, Spaceys father was unconvinced that Spacey could make a career for himself as an actor, and did not change his mind until Spacey became well-known. Some of Spaceys early roles include a widowed eccentric millionaire on L. A. Law, the television miniseries The Murder of Mary Phagan, opposite Lemmon, and he earned a fan base after playing the criminally insane arms dealer Mel Profitt on the television series Wiseguy
29.
42nd Academy Awards
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The 42nd Academy Awards were presented April 7,1970 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. This was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be broadcast via satellite to an international audience, mexico and Brazil were the sole countries to broadcast the event live. This is currently the highest rated of the televised Academy Awards ceremonies, the ceremonys ratings record, as of 2017, remains unbroken thanks to the emergence of the Super Bowl as the biggest annual event of awards season. Midnight Cowboy became the first – and so far, the only – X-rated film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, the previous year had seen the only G-rated film to win Best Picture, Oliver. This was the last time until the 68th Academy Awards where none of the four acting winners had appeared in Best Picture nominees and this was the first time where every acting nomination, as well as every major nominated film were in color. The Chilean television rights to the Oscars were sold by ABC International to Televisión Nacional de Chile while the Brazilian rights were sold to TV Tupi, the latter countrys rights to the TV broadcast of the Oscars were moved to a joint venture of TV Bandeirantes and TV Record. Starting in 1974, the Brazilian TV rights to the Oscars were sold by NBC to Rede Globo, an early attempt to change the Academy Awards presentations start time to 1 p. m. to fit European television audiences was rejected by AMPAS executives. Since at the television standards conversion was difficult, about 50 other countries did not broadcast the event live. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. J
30.
Roberto Benigni
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Roberto Remigio Benigni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI is an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter and director. He co-wrote, directed and acted in the 1997 film Life Is Beautiful, which garnered him the Academy Award for Best Actor and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He also portrayed Inspector Clouseaus son in Son of the Pink Panther and has collaborated with filmmaker Jim Jarmusch in three of his films, Down by Law, Night on Earth and Coffee and Cigarettes. Benigni was born in Manciano La Misericordia, the son of Isolina Papini, a maker, and Luigi Benigni, a bricklayer, carpenter. He was raised Catholic and served as a boy, he still considers himself a believer. His first experiences as an actor took place in 1971. During that autumn he moved to Rome where he took part in experimental theatre shows. In 1975, Benigni had his first theatrical success with Cioni Mario di Gaspare fu Giulia, written by Giuseppe Bertolucci. Benigni became famous in Italy in the 1970s for a series called Onda Libera, on RAI2, produced by Renzo Arbore. A great scandal for the time, the series was suspended due to censorship and his first film was 1977s Berlinguer, I Love You, also by Bertolucci. His popularity increased with Laltra domenica, another TV show of Arbores in which Benigni portrayed a film critic who never watches the films hes asked to review. Bernardo Bertolucci then cast him in a speechless role as a window upholsterer in the film La Luna which had limited American distribution due to its subject matter. In 1980 he met Cesenate actress Nicoletta Braschi, who was to become his wife and it was an unprecedented act, given that until that moment Italian politicians were proverbially serious and formal. Benigni was censored again in the 1980s for calling Pope John Paul II something impolite during an important live TV show, Benignis first film as director was Tu mi turbi in 1983. This film was also his first collaboration with Braschi, in 1984, he played in Non ci resta che piangere with comic actor Massimo Troisi. The story was a fable in which the protagonists are suddenly back in time to the 15th century. They start looking for Christopher Columbus in order to him from discovering the Americas. Beginning in 1986, Benigni starred in three films by American director Jim Jarmusch, in Down By Law he played Bob, an innocent foreigner living in the United States, convicted of manslaughter, whose irrepressible good humour and optimism help him to escape and find love
31.
Laurence Olivier
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Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM, was an English actor who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles, late in his career, he had considerable success in television roles. His family had no connections, but Oliviers father, a clergyman. After attending a school in London, Olivier learned his craft in a succession of acting jobs during the late 1920s. In 1930 he had his first important West End success in Noël Cowards Private Lives, in 1935 he played in a celebrated production of Romeo and Juliet alongside Gielgud and Peggy Ashcroft, and by the end of the decade he was an established star. In the 1940s, together with Richardson and John Burrell, Olivier was the co-director of the Old Vic, there his most celebrated roles included Shakespeares Richard III and Sophocless Oedipus. From 1963 to 1973 he was the director of Britains National Theatre. His own parts there included the role in Othello and Shylock in The Merchant of Venice. Among Oliviers films are Wuthering Heights, Rebecca, and a trilogy of Shakespeare films as actor-director, Henry V, Hamlet and his later films included Sleuth, Marathon Man, and The Boys from Brazil. His television appearances included an adaptation of The Moon and Sixpence, Long Days Journey into Night, Love Among the Ruins, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Brideshead Revisited, Oliviers honours included a knighthood, a life peerage and the Order of Merit. For his on-screen work he received four Academy Awards, two British Academy Film Awards, five Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. The National Theatres largest auditorium is named in his honour, and he is commemorated in the Laurence Olivier Awards, given annually by the Society of London Theatre. He was married three times, to the actresses Jill Esmond from 1930 to 1940, Vivien Leigh from 1940 to 1960, Olivier was born in Dorking, Surrey, the youngest of the three children of the Revd Gerard Kerr Olivier and his wife Agnes Louise, née Crookenden. Their elder children were Sybille and Gerard Dacres Dickie and his great-great-grandfather was of French Huguenot descent, and Olivier came from a long line of Protestant clergymen. Gerard Olivier had begun a career as a schoolmaster, but in his thirties he discovered a strong religious vocation and was ordained as a priest of the Church of England and he practised extremely high church, ritualist Anglicanism and liked to be addressed as Father Olivier. This made him unacceptable to most Anglican congregations, and the church posts he was offered were temporary. This meant a nomadic existence, and for Laurences first few years, in 1912, when Olivier was five, his father secured a permanent appointment as assistant priest at St Saviours, Pimlico. He held the post for six years, and a family life was at last possible
32.
Hamlet (1948 film)
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Hamlet is a 1948 British film adaptation of William Shakespeares play Hamlet, adapted and directed by and starring Sir Laurence Olivier. Hamlet was Oliviers second film as director, and also the second of the three Shakespeare films that he directed, Hamlet was the first British film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. It is also the first sound film of the play in English, a 1935 sound film adaptation, Khoon Ka Khoon, had been made in India and filmed in the Urdu language. Oliviers Hamlet is the Shakespeare film that has received the most prestigious accolades, winning the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor and the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. However, it proved controversial among Shakespearean purists, who felt that Olivier had made too many alterations and excisions to the play by cutting nearly two hours worth of content. Milton Shulman wrote in The Evening Standard To some it will be one of the greatest films ever made, Laurence Olivier leaves no doubt that he is one of our greatest living actors. his liberties with the text, however, are sure to disturb many. The film follows the story of the play, but cuts nearly half the dialogue. Marcellus then arrives with the sceptical Horatio, Prince Hamlets friend, suddenly, all three see the Ghost, and Horatio demands that the ghost speak. The ghost vanishes then, without a word, Prince Hamlet sits alone, refusing to join in the celebration, despite the protests of the new King. When the court has left the Great Hall, Hamlet fumes over the hasty marriage, muttering to himself the words and yet, soon, Horatio and the sentries enter telling Hamlet of the ghostly apparition of his father. Hamlet proceeds to investigate, and upon arriving on the battlements, noting that the ghost beckons him forward, Hamlet follows it up onto a tower, wherein it reveals its identity as the Ghost of Hamlets father. He tells Hamlet that he was murdered, who did it, the audience then sees the murder re-enacted in a flashback as the ghost describes the deed – Claudius is seen pouring poison into the late King Hamlets ear, thereby killing him. Hamlet does not at first accept this as the truth, and then prepares to feign madness, so as to test Claudius conscience and this feigned insanity attracts the attention of Polonius who is completely convinced that Hamlet has gone mad. Polonius pushes this point with the King, claiming that it is derived from Hamlets love for Ophelia, Claudius, however, is not fully convinced, and has Polonius set up a meeting between Hamlet and Ophelia. Hamlets madness is constant even in exchange, and Claudius is convinced. Hamlet then hires a group of wandering stage performers, requesting that they enact the play The Murder of Gonzago for the king, however, Hamlet makes a few alterations to the play, so as to make it mirror the circumstances of the late Kings murder. Claudius, unable to endure the play, calls out for light, Hamlet is now convinced of Claudius treachery. He finds Claudius alone, and has ample opportunity to kill the villain, however, at this time, Claudius is praying, and Hamlet does not seek to send him to heaven, so, he waits, and bides his time
33.
Elizabeth I of England
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Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed two and a half years after Elizabeths birth. Annes marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate, edwards will was set aside and Mary became queen, deposing Lady Jane Grey. During Marys reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels, in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers, led by William Cecil, one of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England and it was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line. She never did, despite numerous courtships, as she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity. A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, in government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been. One of her mottoes was video et taceo, in religion, she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution. Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs, manoeuvring between the powers of France and Spain. She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands, France, by the mid-1580s, England could no longer avoid war with Spain. Englands defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history, Elizabeths reign is known as the Elizabethan era. Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler, towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Such was the case with Elizabeths rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, after the short reigns of Elizabeths half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity. Elizabeth was born at Greenwich Palace and was named after both her grandmothers, Elizabeth of York and Elizabeth Howard and she was the second child of Henry VIII of England born in wedlock to survive infancy. Her mother was Henrys second wife, Anne Boleyn, at birth, Elizabeth was the heir presumptive to the throne of England. She was baptised on 10 September, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, the Marquess of Exeter, the Duchess of Norfolk, Elizabeth was two years and eight months old when her mother was beheaded on 19 May 1536, four months after Catherine of Aragons death from natural causes. Elizabeth was declared illegitimate and deprived of her place in the royal succession, eleven days after Anne Boleyns execution, Henry married Jane Seymour, who died shortly after the birth of their son, Prince Edward, in 1537
34.
Cate Blanchett
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Catherine Elise Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress and theatre director. She has received acclaim and many accolades, including six AACTA Awards. In 2013, she starred as Jasmine Francis in Woody Allens Blue Jasmine, Blanchett is one of only six actors, and the only actress, to receive Academy Award nominations for portraying the same role in two films, accomplished in her case by portraying Queen Elizabeth I. She is additionally the only Australian to win two acting Oscars, a seven-time Oscar nominee, she has also received nominations for Notes on a Scandal, Elizabeth, The Golden Age, Im Not There and Carol. Blanchett has also had a career on stage and is a four-time Helpmann Award winner for Best Female Actor in a Play. From 2008 to 2013, she and her husband Andrew Upton were co-CEOs, Blanchett has been awarded the Centenary Medal for Service to Australian Society by the Australian government. She was appointed Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 2012, in 2015, she was honoured by the Museum of Modern Art and received the British Film Institute Fellowship in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the industry. Blanchett was born on 14 May 1969 in the Melbourne suburb of Ivanhoe and she is the middle of three children, her older brother is a computer systems engineer, and her younger sister is a theatrical designer. The two met when Blanchetts fathers ship broke down in Melbourne, when Blanchett was 10, her father died of a heart attack, leaving her mother to raise the family on her own. Blanchetts ancestry includes English, some Scottish, and remote French roots, Blanchett has described herself as being part extrovert, part wallflower during childhood. She had a penchant for dressing in traditionally masculine clothing, and went through goth and punk phases during her teenage years and she studied economics and fine arts at the University of Melbourne but dropped out after one year to travel overseas. While in Egypt, Blanchett was asked to play an American cheerleader, as an extra in the Egyptian boxing movie, Kaboria, in need of money, she accepted. Upon her return to Australia, she moved to Sydney and enrolled in the National Institute of Dramatic Art to pursue an acting career and she graduated from NIDA in 1992. Blanchetts first major role was opposite Geoffrey Rush, in the 1992 David Mamet play Oleanna for the Sydney Theatre Company. That year, she was also cast as Clytemnestra in a production of Sophocles’ Electra, a couple of weeks after rehearsals, the actress playing the title role pulled out, and director Lindy Davies cast Blanchett in the role. Her performance as Electra became one of her most acclaimed at NIDA, Blanchett played the role of Ophelia in an acclaimed 1994–95 Company B production of Hamlet directed by Neil Armfield, starring Rush and Richard Roxburgh, and was nominated for a Green Room Award. She appeared in the 1994 TV miniseries Heartland opposite Ernie Dingo, the miniseries Bordertown with Hugo Weaving and she also appeared in the 50-minute drama short Parklands, which received an Australian Film Institute nomination for Best Original Screenplay. Her first leading role was as Lucinda Leplastrier in Gillian Armstrongs romantic drama Oscar and Lucinda, Blanchett received wide acclaim for her performance, and earned her first AFI Award nomination as Best Leading Actress, she lost to Deborah Mailman in Radiance
35.
Judi Dench
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Dame Judith Olivia Dench CH DBE FRSA, known as Judi Dench, is an English actress and author. Dench made her debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company. Over the following few years she performed in several of Shakespeares plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet, Juliet in Romeo and Juliet and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth. Although most of her work during this period was in theatre, she branched into film work. She drew strong reviews for her role in the musical Cabaret in 1968. Over the next two decades, Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers, working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company. She achieved success in television during this period, in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 and she has also received the BAFTA Fellowship and the Special Olivier Award. In June 2011, she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute, Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Dench was born in Heworth, North Riding of Yorkshire and her mother, Eleanora Olive, was born in Dublin, Ireland. Her father, Reginald Arthur Dench, a doctor, was born in Dorset, England, and later moved to Dublin and he met Denchs mother while he was studying medicine at Trinity College, Dublin. Dench attended The Mount School, a Quaker independent secondary school in York and her brothers, one of whom was actor Jeffery Dench, were born in Tyldesley, Lancashire. Her niece, Emma Dench, is a Roman historian and professor previously at Birkbeck, University of London, and currently at Harvard University. In Britain, Dench has developed a reputation as one of the greatest actresses of the period, primarily through her work in theatre. She has more than once been named one in polls for Britains best actor. Through her parents, Dench had regular contact with the theatre and her father, a physician, was also the GP for the York theatre, and her mother was its wardrobe mistress. Actors often stayed in the Dench household, during these years, Judi Dench was involved on a non-professional basis in the first three productions of the modern revival of the York Mystery Plays in the 1950s. In 1957, in one of the last productions in which she appeared during this period, she played the role of the Virgin Mary, performed on a fixed stage in the Museum Gardens. Though she initially trained as a set designer, she became interested in school as her brother Jeff attended the Central School of Speech
36.
Steven Spielberg
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Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE, OMRI is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the pioneers of the New Hollywood era. He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios, in a career spanning more than four decades, Spielbergs films have spanned many themes and genres. His other films include Jurassic Park, A. I, artificial Intelligence, and War of the Worlds. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindlers List and Saving Private Ryan, three of Spielbergs films—Jaws, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide and his personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family and his mother, Leah Posner, was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg, was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s, in 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis, as a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. It isnt something I enjoy admitting, he said, but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me. I was embarrassed by the perception of my parents Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times, Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying, In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. His first home movie was of a wreck involving his toy Lionel trains. Throughout his early teens, and after entering school, Spielberg continued to make amateur 8 mm adventure films. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to an interviewer, My dads still-camera was broken. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western, I made it and got my merit badge
37.
Gwyneth Paltrow
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Gwyneth Kate Paltrow is an American actress, singer, comedienne and food writer. She gained early notice for her work in such as the thriller Seven. Paltrow has portrayed supporting, as well as roles, in films such as The Talented Mr. Ripley, The Royal Tenenbaums, Shallow Hal. Since 2008, Paltrow has portrayed Pepper Potts, the lead of the Iron Man franchise in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, in Iron Man, Iron Man 2, The Avengers. She reprised the role several times throughout the series run. Paltrow has been the face of Estée Lauders Pleasures perfume since 2005 and she is also the face of American fashion brand Coach, owner of a lifestyle company, and author of two cookbooks. Paltrow was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of actress Blythe Danner, Paltrows father is Jewish, while her mother is from a Christian background. She was raised celebrating both Jewish and Christian holidays and her brother had a traditional Bar Mitzvah when he turned 13. Her fathers Ashkenazi Jewish family immigrated from Belarus and Poland, while her mother has Pennsylvania Dutch, Paltrows younger brother is director and screenwriter Jake Paltrow. Her half-cousin is actress Katherine Moennig and she is a second cousin of former U. S. Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. Her uncle is opera singer and actor Harry Danner, Paltrow was raised in Santa Monica, where she attended Crossroads School before enrolling in the Spence School, a private girls school in New York City. Later, she studied anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She is a daughter of Talavera de la Reina, where at 15 she spent a year as an exchange student. Her film debut followed with Shout, starring John Travolta, Paltrows next roles were in the made-for-television movies Cruel Doubt and Deadly Relations. Her first plum feature film role was in the noir drama Flesh, in 1995, she played Brad Pitts wife in the hit thriller Se7en. Her performance earned her a Satellite Award nomination, also in 1995, she appeared in Moonlight and Valentino and Jefferson in Paris. In 1996, Paltrow played the character in Emma to critical acclaim, particularly in the United Kingdom. She also appeared in two thrillers, Hush, opposite Jessica Lange, and A Perfect Murder, inspired by Alfred Hitchcocks 1954 film, Dial M for Murder
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