97th United States Congress
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| 97th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
|
96th ← → 98th | |
 United States Capitol (2002) | |
| January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1983 | |
| Senate President |
Walter Mondale (D) until January 20, 1981 George H. W. Bush (R) from January 20, 1981 |
| Senate Pres. pro tem | Strom Thurmond (R) |
| House Speaker | Tip O'Neill (D) |
| Members |
100 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates |
| Senate Majority | Republican |
| House Majority | Democratic |
| Sessions | |
|
1st: January 5, 1981 – December 16, 1981 2nd: January 25, 1982 – December 23, 1982 | |
The Ninety-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1981, to January 3, 1983, during the final weeks of Jimmy Carter's presidency and the first two years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970. The House of Representatives had a Democratic majority. The Republicans gained control of the Senate, the first time that Republicans gained control of any chamber of Congress since 1953.
Contents
- 1 Major events
- 2 Major legislation
- 3 Special or select committees
- 4 Party summary
- 5 Leadership
- 6 Caucuses
- 7 Members
- 7.1 Senate
- 7.1.1 Alabama
- 7.1.2 Alaska
- 7.1.3 Arizona
- 7.1.4 Arkansas
- 7.1.5 California
- 7.1.6 Colorado
- 7.1.7 Connecticut
- 7.1.8 Delaware
- 7.1.9 Florida
- 7.1.10 Georgia
- 7.1.11 Hawaii
- 7.1.12 Idaho
- 7.1.13 Illinois
- 7.1.14 Indiana
- 7.1.15 Iowa
- 7.1.16 Kansas
- 7.1.17 Kentucky
- 7.1.18 Louisiana
- 7.1.19 Maine
- 7.1.20 Maryland
- 7.1.21 Massachusetts
- 7.1.22 Michigan
- 7.1.23 Minnesota
- 7.1.24 Mississippi
- 7.1.25 Missouri
- 7.1.26 Montana
- 7.1.27 Nebraska
- 7.1.28 Nevada
- 7.1.29 New Hampshire
- 7.1.30 New Jersey
- 7.1.31 New Mexico
- 7.1.32 New York
- 7.1.33 North Carolina
- 7.1.34 North Dakota
- 7.1.35 Ohio
- 7.1.36 Oklahoma
- 7.1.37 Oregon
- 7.1.38 Pennsylvania
- 7.1.39 Rhode Island
- 7.1.40 South Carolina
- 7.1.41 South Dakota
- 7.1.42 Tennessee
- 7.1.43 Texas
- 7.1.44 Utah
- 7.1.45 Vermont
- 7.1.46 Virginia
- 7.1.47 Washington
- 7.1.48 West Virginia
- 7.1.49 Wisconsin
- 7.1.50 Wyoming
- 7.2 House of Representatives
- 7.2.1 Alabama
- 7.2.2 Alaska
- 7.2.3 Arizona
- 7.2.4 Arkansas
- 7.2.5 California
- 7.2.6 Colorado
- 7.2.7 Connecticut
- 7.2.8 Delaware
- 7.2.9 Florida
- 7.2.10 Georgia
- 7.2.11 Hawaii
- 7.2.12 Idaho
- 7.2.13 Illinois
- 7.2.14 Indiana
- 7.2.15 Iowa
- 7.2.16 Kansas
- 7.2.17 Kentucky
- 7.2.18 Louisiana
- 7.2.19 Maine
- 7.2.20 Maryland
- 7.2.21 Massachusetts
- 7.2.22 Michigan
- 7.2.23 Minnesota
- 7.2.24 Mississippi
- 7.2.25 Missouri
- 7.2.26 Montana
- 7.2.27 Nebraska
- 7.2.28 Nevada
- 7.2.29 New Hampshire
- 7.2.30 New Jersey
- 7.2.31 New Mexico
- 7.2.32 New York
- 7.2.33 North Carolina
- 7.2.34 North Dakota
- 7.2.35 Ohio
- 7.2.36 Oklahoma
- 7.2.37 Oregon
- 7.2.38 Pennsylvania
- 7.2.39 Rhode Island
- 7.2.40 South Carolina
- 7.2.41 South Dakota
- 7.2.42 Tennessee
- 7.2.43 Texas
- 7.2.44 Utah
- 7.2.45 Vermont
- 7.2.46 Virginia
- 7.2.47 Washington
- 7.2.48 West Virginia
- 7.2.49 Wisconsin
- 7.2.50 Wyoming
- 7.2.51 Non-voting members
- 7.1 Senate
- 8 Changes in membership
- 9 Committees
- 10 Employees and legislative agency directors
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 External links
Major events[edit]
- Early 1980s recession
- January 20, 1981: Inauguration of President Ronald Reagan
- January 20, 1981: Iran hostage crisis ended
- March 30, 1981: Reagan assassination attempt
- April 12, 1981: First space shuttle launched
- June 5, 1981: First recognized case of AIDS
- August 5, 1981: President Reagan fired the air traffic controllers
- September 21, 1981: Senate confirmed the first female United States Supreme Court justice, Sandra Day O'Connor
- April 21, 1982: Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands addressed a Joint Meeting of Congress.
- November 2, 1982: United States general elections: Republicans retained Senate and Democrats increased control in House.
Major legislation[edit]
- August 13, 1981: Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA or Kemp-Roth Tax Cut), Pub.L. 97–34, 95 Stat. 172
- August 13, 1981: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, Pub.L. 97–35, 95 Stat. 357
- September 3, 1982: Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Pub.L. 97–248, 96 Stat. 324
- September 8, 1982: Uniformed Services Former Spouses' Protection Act (USFSPA), Pub.L. 97–252, 96 Stat. 718
- September 13, 1982: Codification of Title 31 of the United States Code, "Money and Finance", Pub.L. 97–258, 96 Stat. 877
- September 20, 1982: Bus Regulatory Reform Act, Pub.L. 97–261, 96 Stat. 1102
- October 13, 1982: Job Training Partnership Act of 1982, Pub.L. 97–300, 96 Stat. 1322
- October 15, 1982: Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act, Pub.L. 97–320, 96 Stat. 1469
- January 6, 1983: Surface Transportation Assistance Act, Pub.L. 97–424, 96 Stat. 2140
- January 7, 1983: Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Pub.L. 97–425, 96 Stat. 2201
Special or select committees[edit]
- Senate Select Committee on Small Business — Became a standing committee on March 25, 1981
- Senate Select Committee on Law Enforcement Undercover Activities of the Justice Department — March 24, 1982 – December 15, 1982
Party summary[edit]
Senate[edit]
Party standings on the opening day of the 97th Congress
46 Democratic Senators
1 Independent Senator, caucusing with Democrats
53 Republican Senators
| Affiliation | Members | |
|---|---|---|
| Republican Party | 53 | |
| Democratic Party | 46 | |
| Independent | 1 | |
| Total | 100 | |
House of Representatives[edit]
| Affiliation | Members | Voting share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 244 | 56.1% | |
| Republican Party | 191 | 43.9% | |
| Total | 435 | ||
Leadership[edit]
Senate[edit]
- President of the Senate: Walter Mondale (D), until January 20, 1981
- George H. W. Bush (R), from January 20, 1981
- President pro tempore: Strom Thurmond (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership[edit]
- Majority Leader: Howard Baker
- Majority Whip: Ted Stevens
- Republican Conference Chairman: James A. McClure
- Republican Conference Secretary: Jake Garn
- National Senatorial Committee Chair: Bob Packwood
- Policy Committee Chairman: John Tower
Minority (Democratic) leadership[edit]
- Minority Leader: Robert Byrd
- Minority Whip: Alan Cranston
- Caucus Secretary: Daniel Inouye
- Campaign Committee Chairman: Wendell H. Ford
House of Representatives[edit]
- Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership[edit]
- Majority Leader: Jim Wright
- Majority Whip: Tom Foley
- Chief Deputy Majority Whip: William Vollie Alexander Jr.
- Caucus Chairman: Gillis William Long
- Caucus Secretary: Geraldine Ferraro
- Campaign Committee Chairman: Tony Coelho
Minority (Republican) leadership[edit]
- Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
- Minority Whip: Trent Lott
- Chief Deputy Whip: David F. Emery
- Conference Chair: Jack Kemp
- Conference Vice-Chair: Jack Edwards
- Conference Secretary: Clair Burgener
- Policy Committee Chairman: Dick Cheney
- Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt
Caucuses[edit]
- Congressional Arts Caucus
- Congressional Black Caucus
- Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
- Congressional Hispanic Caucus
- Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
- Congresswomen's Caucus
- House Democratic Caucus
- Senate Democratic Caucus
Members[edit]
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate[edit]
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1982; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1984; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1986.
House of Representatives[edit]
Members of the House of Representatives are listed by their district numbers.
Changes in membership[edit]
Senate[edit]
There were 2 resignations.
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Harrison A. Williams (D) |
Incumbent resigned March 11, 1982, before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in the Abscam sting operation. A successor was appointed April 12, 1982, to finish the term. |
Nicholas F. Brady (R) |
April 27, 1982 |
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Nicholas F. Brady (R) |
Incumbent resigned December 27, 1982, so his elected successor could be appointed for preferential seniority. A successor was appointed December 27, 1982, to finish the term. |
Frank Lautenberg (D) |
December 27, 1982 |
House of Representatives[edit]
There were 4 deaths, 4 resignations, one declared vacancy, and one party change.
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michigan 4th | David Stockman (R) | Resigned January 27, 1981, after being appointed Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Mark D. Siljander (R) | April 21, 1981 |
| Maryland 5th | Gladys Spellman (D) | Incapacitated since last Congress and seat declared vacant February 24, 1981 | Steny H. Hoyer (D) | May 19, 1981 |
| Ohio 4th | Tennyson Guyer (R) | Died April 12, 1981 | Mike Oxley (R) | June 25, 1981 |
| Mississippi 4th | Jon Hinson (R) | Resigned April 13, 1981 | Wayne Dowdy (D) | July 7, 1981 |
| Pennsylvania 3rd | Raymond F. Lederer (D) | Resigned April 29, 1981, before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in the Abscam sting operation | Joseph F. Smith (D) | July 21, 1981 |
| Connecticut 1st | William R. Cotter (D) | Died September 8, 1981 | Barbara B. Kennelly (D) | January 12, 1982 |
| Pennsylvania 25th | Eugene Atkinson (D) | Changed parties October 14, 1981 | Eugene Atkinson (R) | October 14, 1981 |
| California 30th | George E. Danielson (D) | Resigned March 9, 1982, after being appointed associate justice of the California Courts of Appeal | Matthew G. Martínez (D) | July 13, 1982 |
| Ohio 17th | John M. Ashbrook (R) | Died April 24, 1982 | Jean Spencer Ashbrook (R) | June 29, 1982 |
| Indiana 1st | Adam Benjamin Jr. (D) | Died September 7, 1982 | Katie B. Hall (D) | November 2, 1982 |
Committees[edit]
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (1 link), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate[edit]
- Aging (Special) (Chair: H. John Heinz III)
- Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (Chair: Jesse Helms)
- Soil and Water Conservation
- Agricultural Credit and Rural Electrification
- Agricultural Production, Marketing and Stabilization of Prices
- Agricultural Research and General Legislation
- Rural Development, Oversight and Investigations
- Foreign Agricultural Policy
- Nutrition
- Foreign, Water Resources and Environment
- Appropriations (Chair: Mark Hatfield)
- Agriculture and Related Agencies
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Water Development
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- State, Justice, Commerce and Judiciary
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services (Chair: John Tower)
- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Jake Garn)
- Budget (Chair: Pete Domenici)
- Commerce, Science and Transportation (Chair: Bob Packwood)
- Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: James A. McClure)
- Environment and Public Works (Chair: Robert Stafford)
- Ethics (Select) (Chair: Malcolm Wallop)
- Finance (Chair: Bob Dole)
- Taxation and Debt Management
- International Trade
- Savings, Pensions and Investment Policy
- Economic Growth, Employment and Revenue
- Energy and Foundations
- Private Pension Plans and Employee Fringe Benefits
- Tourism and Sugar
- Public Assistance
- Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service
- Unemployment and Related Programs
- Revenue Sharing, Ingovernmental Revenue Impact and Economic Problems
- Foreign Relations (Chair: Charles H. Percy)
- International Economic Policy
- Arms Control, Oceans, International Operations and Environment
- Western Hemisphere Affairs
- East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- European Affairs
- International Economic Policy
- African Affairs
- Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
- Arms Control, Oceans, International Operations and Environment
- Governmental Affairs (Chair: Bill Roth)
- Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
- Intergovernmental Relations
- Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia
- Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services
- Federal Expenditures, Research and Rules
- Civil Service, Post Office and General Services
- Oversight of Government Management
- Congressional Operations and Oversight
- Indian Affairs (Select) (Chair: William Cohen)
- Judiciary (Chair: Strom Thurmond)
- Intelligence (Select) (Chair: Barry Goldwater)
- Labor and Human Resources (Chair: Orrin Hatch)
- Nutrition and Human Needs (Select)
- Rules and Administration (Chair: Charles Mathias)
- Small Business (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker Jr.)
- Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Alan K. Simpson)
- Whole
House of Representatives[edit]
- Aging (Select) (Chair: Claude Pepper)
- Agriculture (Chair: Kika de la Garza)
- Appropriations (Chair: Jamie L. Whitten)
- Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Power
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health and Human Services
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services (Chair: Charles Melvin Price)
- Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (Chair: Fernand St. Germain)
- Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
- Housing and Community Development
- General Oversight and Renegotiation
- Consumer Affairs and Coinage
- International Development Institutions and Finance
- Domestic Monetary Policy
- International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy
- Economic Stabilization
- Budget (Chair: James R. Jones)
- District of Columbia (Chair: Ron Dellums)
- Education and Labor (Chair: Carl D. Perkins)
- Energy and Commerce (Chair: John Dingell)
- Foreign Affairs (Chair: Clement J. Zablocki)
- Government Operations (Chair: Jack Brooks)
- House Administration (Chair: Augustus F. Hawkins)
- Insular Affairs (Chair: Mo Udall)
- Judiciary (Chair: Peter W. Rodino)
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.)
- Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select)
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works and Transportation (Chair: James J. Howard)
- Rules (Chair: Richard Walker Bolling)
- Science and Technology (Chair: Don Fuqua)
- Small Business (Chair: Parren Mitchell)
- SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business Problems
- General Oversight
- Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small Business
- Energy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small Business
- Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities
- Export Opportunities and Special Small Business Problems
- Standards of Official Conduct (Chair: Louis Stokes)
- Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Gillespie V. Montgomery)
- Ways and Means (Chair: Dan Rostenkowski)
- Whole
Joint committees[edit]
Employees and legislative agency directors[edit]
Legislative branch agency directors[edit]
- Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary
- Comptroller General of the United States: Elmer B. Staats (until March 3), Charles A. Bowsher (starting date unknown in 1981)
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Alice M. Rivlin
- Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
- Public Printer of the United States: Danford L. Sawyer Jr.
Senate[edit]
- Chaplain: Edward L.R. Elson (until February 9, 1981), Richard C. Halverson (starting February 9, 1981)
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian: Robert Dove
- Secretary: J. Stanley Kimmitt (until January 4, 1981), William Hildenbrand (starting January 4, 1981)
- Sergeant at Arms: Frank Hoffmann (until January 4, 1981), Howard S. Liebengood (starting January 4, 1981)
- Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene Jr.
- Secretary for the Minority: Walter J. Stewart
House of Representatives[edit]
- Chaplain: James D. Ford
- Clerk: Edmund L. Henshaw Jr.
- Doorkeeper: James T. Malloy
- Parliamentarian: William Holmes Brown
- Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
- Reading Clerks: Meg Goetz (D) (starting 1981) and Bob Berry (R)
- Sergeant at Arms: Benjamin J. Guthrie
See also[edit]
- United States elections, 1980 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1982 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References[edit]
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links[edit]
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
- "Videos of House of Representatives Sessions for the 97th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
- "Videos of Committees from the House and Senate for the 97th Congress from www.C-SPAN.org".
- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 97th Congress (PDF).
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 97th Congress.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 97th Congress.