1.
Maces Spring, Virginia
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Maces Spring is a small unincorporated community in Scott County, Virginia, United States, along State Route 614. The settlement consists of a number of houses. There are no longer any stores in Maces Spring, its claim to fame is its association with the country music group. Alvin Pleasant Delaney Carter also known as Doc or AP was born in Maces Spring and they are both buried in the graveyard behind Mount Vernon Methodist Church. AP, Sara and APs sister in law Maybelle Carter formed the Carter Family in 1927. Route 614 is now called the AP Carter Highway and two of AP and Saras children, Joe and Jeanette, have opened a music hall called The Carter Fold on the Clinch Mountain side of the road. In The Country of Country, A Journey to the Roots of American Music, Nicholas Dawidoff, Vintage Books,1998
2.
Kingsport, Tennessee
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Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U. S. state of Tennessee, most of the city is in Sullivan County. The population according to the 2010 census is 48,205, Kingsport is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 309,544 as of 2010. The Metropolitan Statistical Area is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, Census data from 2006–2008 for the Tri-Cities Combined Statistical Area estimates a population of 496,454. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the Mountain Empire, which spans a portion of Southwest Virginia and the mountainous counties in eastern Tennessee. The name Kingsport is a simplification of Kings Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as Kings Boat Yard, Kingsport was developed by European Americans, after the American Revolutionary War, at the confluence of the North and South Forks of the Holston River. In 1787 it was known as Salt Lick, for an ancient lick and it was first settled along the banks of the South Fork, about a mile from the confluence. The Long Island of the Holston River is near the confluence, the island was an important site for the Cherokee, colonial pioneers and early settlers, and specifically mentioned in the 1770 Treaty of Lochaber. Early settlements at the site were used as a ground for other pioneers who were traveling overland on the Wilderness Road leading to Kentucky through Cumberland Gap. First chartered in 1822, Kingsport also became an important shipping port on the Holston River, goods originating for many miles around from the surrounding countryside were loaded onto barges for the journey downriver to the Tennessee River at Knoxville. In the Battle of Kingsport during the American Civil War, a force of 300 Confederates under Colonel Richard Morgan stopped a larger Union force for two days. Out-numbered, out-flanked, and demoralised by the winter weather. The Confederates suffered 18 dead, and 84 prisoners of war were sent to a Union prison in Knoxville, the city lost its charter after a downturn in its fortunes precipitated by the Civil War. On September 12,1916, Kingsport residents demanded the death of circus elephant Mary and she had killed city hotel worker Walter Eldridge, who was hired by the circus the day before as an assistant elephant trainer. Eldridge was attacked and killed by the elephant while he was leading her to a pond, the elephant was impounded by the local sheriff. Leaders of several nearby towns threatened to prevent the circus from performing if it included the elephant, the circus owner, Charlie Sparks, reluctantly decided that the only way to quickly resolve the situation was to hold a public execution. On the following day, she was transported by rail to Erwin, Tennessee, re-chartered in 1917, Kingsport was an early example of a garden city. Part of it was designed by city planner and landscape architect John Nolen of Cambridge and it was nicknamed as the Model City from this plan, which organized the town into areas for commerce, churches, housing and industry. Most of the land on the river was devoted to industry, most of The Long Island is now occupied by Eastman Chemical Company, which is headquartered in Kingsport
3.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
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Folk music
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
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Gospel music
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Gospel music is a music genre in Christian music. The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music varies according to culture. Gospel music is composed and performed for many purposes, including aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, Gospel music usually has dominant vocals with Christian lyrics. Gospel music can be traced to the early 17th century, with roots in the oral tradition. Hymns and sacred songs were repeated in a call and response fashion, most of the churches relied on hand clapping and foot stomping as rhythmic accompaniment. Most of the singing was done a cappella, the first published use of the term Gospel Song probably appeared in 1874. The original gospel songs were written and composed by such as George F. Root, Philip Bliss, Charles H. Gabriel, William Howard Doane. The advent of radio in the 1920s greatly increased the audience for gospel music, following World War II, gospel music moved into major auditoriums, and gospel music concerts became quite elaborate. Gospel blues is a form of gospel music. Southern gospel used all male, tenor-lead-baritone-bass quartet make-up, progressive Southern gospel is an American music genre that has grown out of Southern gospel over the past couple of decades. Christian country music, sometimes referred to as gospel music, is a subgenre of gospel music with a country flair. It peaked in popularity in the mid-1990s, bluegrass gospel music is rooted in American mountain music. Celtic gospel music infuses gospel music with a Celtic flair, and is popular in countries such as Ireland. British black gospel refers to Gospel music of the African diaspora, some proponents of standard hymns generally dislike gospel music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today, with distance, there is a greater acceptance of such gospel songs into official denominational hymnals. Gospel music in general is characterized by dominant vocals referencing lyrics of a Christian nature, subgenres include contemporary gospel, urban contemporary gospel, Southern gospel, and modern gospel music. Several forms of gospel music utilize choirs, use piano or Hammond organ, tambourines, drums, bass guitar and, increasingly, electric guitar. In comparison with hymns, which are generally of a statelier measure, several attempts have been made to describe the style of late 19th and early 20th century gospel songs in general
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Lead vocalist
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The lead vocalist, lead vocals or lead singer in popular music is typically the member of a group or band whose voice is the most prominent in a performance where multiple voices may be heard. The lead singer either leads the ensemble, or sets against the ensemble as the dominant sound. In vocal group performances, notably in soul and gospel music, and early rock and roll, as an example in rock music, Mick Jagger is the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Similarly in soul music, Smokey Robinson was the singer of The Miracles. The practice of using a lead singer in vocal groups, however, has a longer history, songs of the late nineteenth century frequently used a leading solo voice, followed by a choral response by other singers. From these various points - including Motown - it went on to become a device in much rock. In some bands - most famously, The Beatles - the role of lead singer alternated, while in others - for example, there are as many types and styles of lead singer as there are styles and genres of music. However, the singer of a group or band is usually the main focus of audiences attention. The lead vocalist of a band is called the front man or front woman. Pink Floyd also can be considered a band with two front men, as both the guitarist David Gilmour and the bassist Roger Waters sang and wrote most of the songs. In the beginning of the career, however, Pink Floyds lead singer and guitarist was Syd Barrett. Particularly before the 1970s, many bands were named for the leader or founder, rather than the lead singer, examples include the Dave Clark Five and Harold Melvin. In modern rock music, the singer is often, but not always, also the bands leader. While lead singers or spokespersons for any musical ensembles can be called a front man, since the position commonly has an expanded role from simple lead vocalists, there have been cases in which the front man for a band is someone other than the lead vocalist. In many bands, such as The Who, Fall Out Boy, Led Zeppelin, Living Colour, Queen and Oasis, usually, this is derived from that guitarists specific role as a co-songwriter, co-founder and/or co-vocalist. Also in some cases, there are two frontmen, such as Underoath, with singers Spencer Chamberlain and Aaron Gillespie sharing vocal duties, another example is Blink-182, in which vocal duties are split between bassist Mark Hoppus and guitarist Tom DeLonge. Hoppus usually carries out most media either by himself or together with DeLonge, linkin Park has two vocalists as well, Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda, both considered as frontmen. Another example is the metal band Metallica, in which James Hetfield
7.
Victor Talking Machine Company
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The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American flagship record company headquartered in Camden, New Jersey. The company was founded by Eldridge R. Johnson, who had previously made gramophones to play Emile Berliners disc records, Victor Talking Machine Co. was incorporated officially in 1901 shortly before agreeing to allow Columbia Records use of its disc record patent. Victor had acquired the Pan-American rights to use the trademark of the fox terrier Nipper listening to a gramophone when Berliner. Barraud noticed that whenever he played a recorded by his brother. Barrauds original depicts Nipper staring intently into the horn of an Edison-Bell while both sit on a wooden surface. The London branch was managed by an American, William Barry Owen, Barraud paid a visit with a photograph of the painting and asked to borrow a horn. Owen gave Barraud an entire gramophone and asked him to paint it into the picture, the original painting still shows the contours of the Edison-Bell phonograph beneath the paint of the gramophone when viewed in the correct light. Only 13 originally commissioned His Masters Voice paintings were commissioned by the company, in 1915, the His Masters Voice logo was rendered in immense circular leaded-glass windows in the tower of the Victrola factory building. The tower remains today with replica windows installed during Radio Corporation of Americas ownership of the plant in its later years, today, one of the original windows is located at the Smithsonian museum in Washington, D. C. There are different accounts as to how the Victor name came about, a second account is that Johnson emerged as the Victor from the lengthy and costly patent litigations involving Berliner and Frank Seamans Zonophone. A third story is that Johnsons partner, Leon Douglass, derived the word from his wifes name Victoria, finally, a fourth story is that Johnson took the name from the popular Victor bicycle, which he had admired for its superior engineering. Of these four accounts the first two are the most generally accepted, perhaps coincidentally, the first use of the Victor title on a letterhead, on March 28,1901, was only nine weeks after the death of British Queen Victoria. Before 1925, recording was done by the purely mechanical. No microphone was involved and there was no means of amplification, the recording machine was essentially an exposed-horn acoustical record player functioning in reverse. The sound-vibrated center of the diaphragm was linked to a stylus that was guided across the surface of a very thick wax disc. The wax was too soft to be played back even once without seriously damaging it, although test recordings were sometimes made, although sound quality was gradually improved by a series of small refinements, the process was inherently insensitive. From the start, Victor innovated manufacturing processes and soon rose to preeminence by recording famous performers, in 1903, it instituted a three-step mother-stamper process to produce more stampers and records than previously possible. These new celebrity recordings bore red labels, and were marketed as Red Seal records, for many years these records were single-sided, only in 1923 did Victor begin offering Red Seals in double-sided form
8.
Decca Records
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Decca Records began as a British record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Its U. S. label was established in late 1934 by Lewis along with American Deccas first president Jack Kapp and later American Decca president Milton Rackmil. In 1937, as a result of anticipating Nazi aggression leading to World War II, Lewis sold American Decca, the British label was renowned for its development of recording methods, while the American company developed the concept of cast albums in the musical genre. Both wings are now part of the Universal Music Group, which is owned by Vivendi, the US Decca label was the foundation company that evolved into UMG. The name Decca was coined by Wilfred S. Samuel by merging the word Mecca with the initial D of their logo Dulcet or their trademark Dulcephone, Samuel, a linguist, chose Decca as a brand name as it was easy to pronounce in most languages. The name dates back to a gramophone called the Decca Dulcephone patented in 1914 by musical instrument makers Barnett Samuel. That company was renamed the Decca Gramophone Co. Ltd. Within years, Decca Records Ltd. was the second largest record label in the world, Decca bought the UK branch of Brunswick Records and continued to run it under that name. In the 1950s the American Decca studios were located in the Pythian Temple in New York City, in classical music, Decca had a long way to go from its modest beginnings to catch up with the established HMV and Columbia labels. The pre-war classical repertoire on Decca was not extensive, but was select, heinrich Schlusnus made important pre-war lieder recordings for Decca. John Culshaw, who joined Decca in 1946 in a junior post and he revolutionised recording – of opera, in particular. Hitherto, the practice had been to put microphones in front of the performers, Culshaw was determined to make recordings that would be a theatre of the mind, making the listeners experience at home not second best to being in the opera house, but a wholly different experience. To that end he got the singers to move about in the studio as they would onstage, used sound effects and different acoustics. His skill, coupled with Decca engineering, took Decca into the first flight of recording companies and his pioneering recording of Wagners Der Ring des Nibelungen conducted by Georg Solti was a huge artistic and commercial success. In the wake of Deccas lead, artists such as Herbert von Karajan, Joan Sutherland, however, Culshaw was, strictly speaking, not the first to do this. Far from being a mere rendering of the score, the 3-LP album set used sound effects to recreate the production as if the listener were watching a stage performance of the work. Until 1947, American Decca issued British Decca classical music recordings, afterwards, British Decca took over distribution through its new American subsidiary London Records. American Decca actively re-entered the classical music field in 1950 with distribution deals from Deutsche Grammophon, American Decca began issuing its own classical music recordings in 1956 when Israel Horowitz joined Decca to head its classical music operations
9.
Carter Family
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The Carter Family was a traditional American folk music group that recorded between 1927 and 1956. Their music had a impact on bluegrass, country, Southern Gospel, pop. They were the first vocal group to become music stars. Their recordings of such as Wabash Cannonball, Can the Circle Be Unbroken, Wildwood Flower, Keep On the Sunny Side. The original group consisted of Alvin Pleasant A. P. Delaney Carter, his wife Sara Dougherty Carter, Maybelle was married to A. P. s brother Ezra Carter, and was also Saras first cousin. All three were born and raised in southwestern Virginia, where they were immersed in the harmonies of mountain gospel music. Maybelles distinctive guitar playing became a hallmark of the group. The Carter Family made their first recordings on August 1,1927, a. P. had persuaded Sara and Maybelle the day before to make the journey from Maces Spring, Virginia, to Bristol, Tennessee, to audition for record producer Ralph Peer. Peer was seeking new talents for the relatively embryonic recording industry, the initial sessions are part of what are now called the Bristol Sessions. The band received $50 for each song recorded, plus half a cent royalty on every copy sold of each song for which they had registered a copyright. On November 4,1927, the Victor Talking Machine Company released a double-sided 78 rpm record of the group performing Wandering Boy, on December 2,1928, Victor released The Storms Are on the Ocean / Single Girl, Married Girl, which became very popular. By the end of 1930 they had sold 300,000 records in the United States. Realizing that he would benefit financially with each new song he collected and copyrighted, A. P. traveled around the southwestern Virginia area in search of new songs, in the early 1930s, he befriended Lesley Esley Riddle, a black guitar player from Kingsport, Tennessee. Lesley accompanied A. P. on his song-collecting trips, in June 1931, the Carters did a recording session in Benton, Kentucky, along with Jimmie Rodgers. In 1933, Maybelle met the Speer family at a fair in Ceredo, West Virginia and she asked them to tour with the Carter Family. In the winter of 1938–39 the Carter Family traveled to Texas, in the fall of 1942 the Carters moved their program to WBT radio in Charlotte, North Carolina, for a one-year contract. They occupied the slot, with the program airing between 5,15 and 6,15 a. m. By 1936 A. P. and Saras marriage had dissolved, Sara married A. P. s cousin, Coy Bayes, moved to California, and the group disbanded in 1944
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Maybelle Carter
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Mother Maybelle Carter was an American country musician. She is best known as a member of the historic Carter Family act in the 1920s and 1930s and also as a member of Mother Maybelle and the Carter Sisters. Maybelle Carter was born Maybelle Addington on May 10,1909 in Nickelsville, Virginia, according to family lore, the Addington family of Virginia is descended from former British prime minister Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth. On March 13,1926, Maybelle married Ezra Carter and they had three daughters, Helen, Valerie June, and Anita. She was a member of the original Carter Family, which was formed in 1927 by her brother-in-law, A. P. Carter, the Carter Family was one of the first commercial rural country music groups. Perhaps the most remarkable of Maybelles many talents was her skill as a guitarist and she revolutionized the instruments role by developing a style in which she played melody lines on the bass strings with her thumb while rhythmically strumming with her fingers. Her innovative technique, to this day known as the Carter Scratch, Maybelle briefly reunited with former Carter Family member, Sara Carter, during the 1960s folk music craze, with Sara singing lead and Maybelle providing harmony as before. Maybelle Carter made occasional solo recordings during the 1960s and 1970s and her final such work, a two-record set released on Columbia Records, placed on Billboards best-selling country albums chart in 1973 when she was 64. Maybelle was also featured on The Nitty Gritty Dirt Bands 1972 recording Will the Circle Be Unbroken, Maybelle Carter died in 1978 after a few years of poor health, and was interred next to her husband, Ezra, in Hendersonville Memory Gardens, Hendersonville, Tennessee. All three of their daughters, The Carter Sisters – Helen, June, and Anita – are buried nearby in the same cemetery, Maybelle Carter was inducted as part of The Carter Family in the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1970. In 1993, her image appeared on a U. S. postage stamp honoring the Carter Family, in 2001 she was initiated into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor. She would rank No.8 in CMTs 40 Greatest Women of Country Music in 2002, in 2005, she was portrayed by Sandra Ellis Lafferty in the Johnny Cash biographical film Walk the Line. She was the subject of her granddaughter Carlene Carters 1990 song Me and her death was the subject of Johnny Cashs song Tears in the Holston River. In 2010, Lipscomb University in Nashville named the stage in Collins Alumni Auditorium after her, in 2007 Carter was honored as one of the Library of Virginias Virginia Women in History because of her musical career. Maybelle Carter at Find a Grave Carters biography at the Library of Virginia Wolfe, in The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Will You Miss Me When Im Gone, the Carter Family and Their Legacy in American Music
11.
Appalachia
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Appalachia is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia. As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people, sociological studies in the 1960s and 1970s helped to re-examine and dispel these stereotypes. While endowed with abundant natural resources, Appalachia has long struggled, by 1990, Appalachia had largely joined the economic mainstream, but still lagged behind the rest of the nation in most economic indicators. Since Appalachia lacks definite physiographical or topographical boundaries, there has been disagreement over what exactly the region encompasses. The most commonly used definition of Appalachia is the one initially defined by the Appalachian Regional Commission in 1965. When the Commission was established, counties were added based on economic need, in 1921, John C. Campbell published The Southern Highlander and His Homeland in which he modified Frosts map to include 254 counties in 9 states. A landmark survey of the region in the decade by the United States Department of Agriculture defined the region as consisting of 206 counties in 6 states. In 1984, Karl Raitz and Richard Ulack expanded the ARCs definition to include 445 counties in 13 states, although they removed all counties in Mississippi and added two in New Jersey. The name was altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe. Pánfilo de Narváezs expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15,1528, now spelled Appalachian, it is the fourth oldest surviving European place-name in the U. S. After the de Soto expedition in 1540, Spanish cartographers began to apply the name of the tribe to the mountains themselves. The first cartographic appearance of Apalchen is on Diego Gutiérrez map of 1562, le Moyne was also the first European to apply Apalachen specifically to a mountain range as opposed to a village, native tribe, or a southeastern region of North America. The name was not commonly used for the mountain range until the late 19th century. A competing and often more popular name was the Allegheny Mountains, Alleghenies, in the early 19th century, Washington Irving proposed renaming the United States either Appalachia or Alleghania. In northern U. S. dialects, the mountains are pronounced /æpəˈleɪtʃənz/ or /æpəˈleɪʃənz/, the cultural region of Appalachia is pronounced /æpəˈleɪʃə/, also /æpəˈleɪtʃə/, all with a third syllable like lay. In southern U. S. dialects, the mountains are called the /æpəˈlætʃənz/, and this pronunciation is favored in the core region in central and southern parts of the Appalachian range. The occasional use of the sh sound for the ch in the last syllable in northern dialects was popularized by Appalachian Trail organizations in New England in the early 20th century, Native American hunter-gatherers first arrived in what is now Appalachia over 16,000 years ago. The earliest discovered site is the Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Washington County, several other Archaic period archaeological sites have been identified in the region, such as the St. Albans site in West Virginia and the Icehouse Bottom site in Tennessee
12.
Keep On the Sunny Side
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Keep On the Sunny Side is a popular American song originally written in 1899 by Ada Blenkhorn with music by J. Howard Entwisle. The song was popularized in a 1928 recording by the Carter Family, a recording of the song with The Whites was featured in the 2000 movie O Brother, Where Art Thou. A variant, Stay On The Sunny Side, is sung as a campfire song. It features only the chorus, with altered lyrics, with knock-knock jokes being told between choruses. In 1899 Ada Blenkhorn was inspired to write the Christian hymn by a used by her nephew. Blenkhorns nephew was disabled and always wanted his wheelchair pushed down the side of the street. The Carter Family learned of the song from A. P. Carters uncle who was a music teacher, Keep on the Sunny Side became their theme song on the radio in later years. A. P. Carters tombstone has a record of the song embedded in it. In later years, the Carter Family treated Keep on the Sunny Side as a song of sorts. June Carter Cash also recorded a version for her solo album, Wildwood Flower. Theres a dark and a side of life, Theres a bright. Keep on the side, always on the sunny side, Keep on the sunny side of life, It will help us every day, it will brighten all the way. Tho the storm in its fury break today, Crushing hopes that we cherished so dear, Storm and cloud will in time away, The sun again will shine bright. Let us greet with a song of each day, Tho the moments be cloudy or fair, Let us trust in our Savior always. Henry Date, E A Hoffman, T C OKane, William Warren Bentley, pentecostal Hymns, Number Three, a Winnowed Collection for Evangelistic Services, Young Peoples Societies and Sunday Schools. Chicago, Hope Pub. Co. p.28
13.
A. P. Carter Store
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A. P. Carter Store is a historic general store museum located at Maces Spring, Scott County, Virginia. It was built in 1945, and is a one-story, frame building with a cross-gable roof, the store is most notable for its association with the Carter Family, a traditional American folk music group that recorded between 1927 and 1956. It was occupied by an operated by Alvin Pleasant A. P. Delaney Carters. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 and it is now open weekly before concerts as a museum operated by the Carter Family Fold
14.
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
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Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world’s most extensive musical collections. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world’s largest and most active popular music research centers, through CMF, industry leaders raised money to build the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which opened on April 1,1967. Located at the head of Music Row, the museum was erected on the site of a small Nashville city park, at this point, artifacts began to be displayed and a small library was begun in a loft above one of the museum’s galleries. At the outset, CMA staff had run the museum, but by 1972 the museum acquired its own small staff, which has steadily increased to over 150 full-time professionals. Building expansion took place in 1974,1977, and 1984 to store and display the museum’s growing collection of costumes, films, historic cars, musical instruments, and other artifacts. To become more accessible, in May 2001 the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum moved to a new,130,000 square feet facility in the heart of downtown Nashville’s arts and entertainment district. In 2014, the museum unveiled a $100 million expansion, doubling its size to 350,000 square feet of galleries, archival storage, education classrooms, retail stores, and special event space. The story is revealed through artifacts, photographs, and text panels, recorded sound, vintage video, sing Me Back Home is enhanced by numerous, rotating limited-engagement exhibits. In addition to the galleries, the museum has the 776-seat CMA Theater, the Taylor Swift Education Center, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum has developed multiple platforms to make its collection accessible to a wider audience. From weekly instrument demonstrations to its flagship songwriting program for schools, Words & Music, the Country Music Hall of Fame honor was created in 1961 by the Country Music Association, the first inductees were Hank Williams, Jimmie Rodgers, and Fred Rose. Roy Acuff, the first living artist to join the Hall of Fame, was elected in 1962, the most recent inductees are Jerry Reed, Don Schlitz and Alan Jackson. Over the Hall of Fame’s history, the number of new members inducted each year has varied from one to twelve, the election procedure is as follows, A small CMA nominating committee drafts slates of candidates from each category, categories have been defined variously over the years. Award recipients are determined through a two-stage balloting process, the first round of voting narrows each category to five candidates, the second round selects winners. The large select committee of electors that votes on Hall of Fame membership is composed of CMA members who have participated in the music industry for at least ten years. New Hall of Fame members receive special recognition in ceremonies at the Country Music Hall of Fame, today the plaques are displayed in a seventy-foot-high rotunda at the museum’s enlarged downtown Nashville facility. The museum’s archival and library storage, allows for the cultivation of the museum’s collection, hundreds of historic musical instruments, featuring Mother Maybelle Carter’s Gibson L-5, Earl Scruggs’s banjo, Bob Wills’ fiddle, and Bill Monroe’s mandolin. Oral histories, scrapbooks, correspondence, fan club newsletters, sheet music, periodicals, iconic Vehicles, Elvis Presley’s 1960 “Solid Gold” Cadillac limousine, Webb Pierce’s 1962 Pontiac Bonneville convertible, and Jerry Reed’s 1980 Pontiac Trans Am from Smokey and the Bandit II. When viewed from the air, the forms a massive bass clef
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Public Broadcasting Service
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcaster and television program distributor headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid 2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. Founded by Hartford N. Gunn Jr, in 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations. Each station is charged with the responsibility of programming content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule
16.
Barter Theatre
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Barter Theatre, located in Abingdon, Virginia, opened on June 10,1933. It is the professional theatre in the nation. In 1933, when the country was in the middle of the Great Depression, many people could not afford to pay for theater tickets, back in Porterfields part of Virginia, farmers were stuck with crops they couldnt sell. That was when Porterfield came up with his genius of an idea, beginning with some twenty of his fellow actors, Robert Porterfield, founder of the theatre, offered admission by letting the local people pay with food goods, hence the name Barter. He said, With vegetables that you cannot sell you can buy a good laugh, the original ticket price for a play was 30 cents, or the equivalent in goods. Referring to the concept, an article in Life magazines July 31,1939, issue reported. Actors were kept busy, even when they did not have parts in current plays and they contributed to the theatres overall success by working on scenery, collecting props, directing and working in the cafeteria at the Barter Inn, where members of the troupe boarded. Barter Theatres first production was After Tomorrow by John Golden, an Associated Press news story reported that the production was played to a capacity audience that came laden with cakes, fruit, vegetables, poultry and a live pig. While remaining based in Abingdon, Barter Theatre has presented plays over a geographical area. In 1949, one of its companies produced Hamlet in Elsinore and that same year it had a touring company that did one-night stands in localities in Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina. Initially, the plays were performed in the Abingdon Opera House. In 1935, it moved to the campus of the defunct Stonewall Jackson College for Women, the 1939 article in Life reported that the actors received no pay but were fed well and were housed in the former colleges dormitories. The troupe produced plays in the auditorium on the campus, productions branched out into the surrounding area after three nights on campus, going on a ten-day tour of mountain towns and resorts in an ancient bus widey known as Bessie. The facility in which actors stayed became known as the Barter Inn, besides housing members of the theatre, the inn offered a limited number of reservations for the public, which provided an opportunity for people to eat with the actors in the inns cafeteria. In 1950, novelist James Hilton purchased several acres of adjoining the Barter Theater. To protect the view from the Barter Inn after the property had been advertised as being available for building sites, in 1996, a $1.7 million renovation of the building was completed. The depth of the stage was increased from 28 feet to 60 feet, New lighting and sound systems were installed, and the heating and air-conditioning systems were upgraded. The balcony was extended to more seats and a better view from that level
17.
Abingdon, Virginia
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Abingdon is a town in Washington County, Virginia, United States,133 miles southwest of Roanoke. The population was 8,191 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Washington County and is a designated Virginia Historic Landmark. The town encompasses several historically significant sites and features an arts and crafts scene centered on the galleries. The region was long the territory of varying cultures of peoples, including the Chisca. Between 1748 and 1750, Dr. Thomas Walker surveyed the land where the town of Abingdon is situated and it was on the Great Road that Colonel William Byrd III ordered cut through the wilderness on to Kingsport, Tennessee. In 1760, the famed frontiersman Daniel Boone named the area Wolf Hills, the site of the attack is on Courthouse Hill. In the twenty-first century, the town sponsored an art event, in which artists created 27 wolf sculptures. Most were later sold at an auction to raise money for Advance Abingdon, during Lord Dunmores War, Joseph Black built Blacks Fort in 1774 to protect local settlers in the region from attacks by the Cherokee of the Lower Towns. It consisted of a log stockade, with a few log cabins inside and they retreated to the fort in 1776 when attacked by the war leader Dragging Canoe and his Chickamauga Cherokee forces. Hoping to push out the colonists, the Cherokee had allied with the British in the American Revolutionary War, the settlement was known as Black’s Fort prior to being named Abingdon. Black, Briggs and Walker donated the 120 acres of land upon which the town was laid out. It was at the intersection of two great Indian trails, which had followed ancient animal migration trails through the mountains and it was a prime location as a trade center and access point to the west and south. In 1776 the community of Blacks Fort was made the county seat of the newly formed Washington county, in 1778, Blacks Fort was incorporated as the town of Abingdon, said to be named for the ancestral home of Martha Washington in Oxfordshire, England. Possible namesakes for the town include Jake Dores home in Abington, Pennsylvania, or Lord Abingdon, Martha Washington College, a school for women, operated in Abingdon from 1860 to 1932 in a former private residence. Since 1935 the building has occupied and operated as a hotel. The Barter Theatre, the theatre of Virginia, was opened in Abingdon in 1933 during the Great Depression. Abingdon is the final stop along the Virginia Creeper Trail, which allows pedestrian, cyclist and this trail is 35 miles long, extending from White Top Mountain through Damascus, Virginia, with the trailhead in Abingdon. The Historical Society of Washington County, Virginia, located in Abingdon, serves as a genealogy center
18.
All I Intended to Be
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All I Intended to Be is the 25th studio album from Emmylou Harris and her third release on Nonesuch Records. It was released in the United States on June 10,2008, the song “Gold” features guest vocals by Dolly Parton and “Old Five and Dimers Like Me” is a duet between Harris and John Starling. The album was made #49 in Q’s 50 Best Albums of the Year 2008, the album has also been nominated for a Grammy Award in the field of Best Contemporary Folk / Americana Album at the 2009 Grammy Awards
19.
Emmylou Harris
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Emmylou Harris is an American singer and songwriter. She has released many albums and singles over the course of her career. Her work and recordings include work as a solo artist, a bandleader, an interpreter of other works, a singer-songwriter. Harris is from a military family. Her father, Walter Harris, was a Marine Corps officer and her father was reported missing in action in Korea in 1952 and spent ten months as a prisoner of war. Born in Birmingham, Alabama, Harris spent her childhood in North Carolina and Woodbridge, Virginia and she married fellow songwriter Tom Slocum in 1969 and recorded her first album, Gliding Bird. Instead, Hillman recommended her to Parsons, who was looking for a female vocalist to collaborate with on his first solo album, Harris toured as a member of Parsonss band, the Fallen Angels, in 1973, and the pair shone during vocal harmonies and duets. Later that year, Parsons and Harris worked on a studio album, Parsons died in his motel room near what is now Joshua Tree National Park on September 19,1973, from an accidental overdose of drugs and alcohol. Parsonss Grievous Angel was released posthumously in 1974, and three tracks from his sessions with Harris were included on another posthumous Parsons album, Sleepless Nights. One more album of recorded material from that period was packaged as Live 1973, Warner Brothers A&R representative Mary Martin introduced Harris to Canadian producer Brian Ahern, who produced her major label debut album, Pieces of the Sky, released in 1975 on Reprise Records. It also featured Bluebird Wine, a composition by a young Texas songwriter, Rodney Crowell, two singles were released, Too Far Gone, which initially charted at No. 73, and Harriss first big hit, If I Could Only Win Your Love, a duet with Herb Pedersen, executives of Warner Bros. Records told Harris they would agree to record her if she would get a hot band. Harris did so, enlisting guitarist James Burton and pianist Glen Hardin, Burton was a renowned guitarist, starting in Ricky Nelsons band in the 1950s, and Hardin had been a member of the Crickets. Other Hot Band members were drummer John Ware, pedal steel guitarist Hank DeVito, singer-songwriter Crowell was enlisted as a rhythm guitarist and duet partner. Harriss first tour schedule originally dovetailed around Presleys, owing to Burton, the Hot Band lived up to its name, with most of the members moving on with fresh talent replacing them as they continued on to solo careers of their own. Elite Hotel, released in December 1975, established that the created by Pieces of the Sky was well-founded. Unusual for country albums at the time, which revolved around a hit single. Elite Hotel was a No.1 country album and also did well as a crossover success with the rock audience
20.
Cups (song)
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Cups is a version of the 1931 Carter Family song When Im Gone, usually performed a cappella with a cup used to provide percussion, as in the cup game. It was first performed this way in a YouTube video by Lulu, composition of the song is credited to A. P. Carter and Luisa Gerstein of Lulu and the Lampshades. The song became popular after it was covered by Anna Kendrick in the 2012 film Pitch Perfect and that version also became the official theme song of the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup tournament. The original song When Im Gone was written by A. P. Carter, the song was reworked in 1937 by J. E. Mainer. Over the years it has been recorded by people including Mainers Mountaineers. It can also be heard in the film Dan in Real Life, Lulu and the Lampshades were the first to perform the song using the cup game for percussion. Their video went viral after a Reddit posting, prompting dozens of other budding musicians to cover versions of the song using the Cup Clap technique. It was soon dubbed The Cup Song, though the song had been popular online for years, mainstream success came when it was incorporated into the film Pitch Perfect in 2012. In the film it is performed by the character, Beca Mitchell during an audition for a college a cappella group. The single version was extended by an additional minute, prior to the singles release, covers of the song as well as tutorials on how to do the song went viral. Kendrick has stated that she learned the song and its cup percussion from watching and doing many times on Reddit prior to being cast in Pitch Perfect, and it was therefore written into the film. Prior to the release as a single in March 2013. Afterward, the single was released and the song began a slow, in its 32nd week on the chart, the song reached number 6, its peak position to date. By October 2013, all versions of the song had sold 2.5 million downloads in the US. On May 4,2013, Cups returned to the top 50 of the ARIA Charts at a new peak of number 44 and it originally made it to number 48 in January 2013. The songs music video was shot the week of March 2013. It was released on April 13,2013 on Anna Kendricks Vevo channel, as of September 2016 it had over 300 million views. She puts the buns in the oven, sets a timer, and dusts her hands off with a fan, before pausing a moment
21.
Anna Kendrick
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Anna Cooke Kendrick is an American actress and singer. She began her career as an actor in theater productions. Her first prominent role was in the 1998 Broadway musical High Society and she made her film debut in the musical comedy Camp. Kendrick rose to prominence for her role in The Twilight Saga. She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Up in the Air and she achieved further fame for playing the protagonist in the 2012 musical comedy Pitch Perfect and the 2015 sequel, Pitch Perfect 2. Kendrick has also featured in the comedy-drama 50/50, the crime-drama End of Watch, the musical-fantasy Into the Woods, in 2016, Kendrick published her memoir, Scrappy Little Nobody. Anna Cooke Kendrick was born on August 9,1985, in Portland, Maine, the daughter of Janice, an accountant, and William Kendrick and she is of English, Irish, and Scottish descent. Her maternal grandparents were Ronald and Ruth Cooke and she has an older brother, actor Michael Cooke Kendrick, who appeared in the 2000 film Looking for an Echo. She attended Deering High School in Portland before entering the entertainment business, Kendrick started her career as a child, auditioning for theater productions in New York City. When she was 12, she played a role in the 1998 Broadway musical High Society. Her performance earned her a Theater World Award, as well as nominations for Featured Actress in a Musical at the Drama Desk Awards and she went on to play a supporting role in the 2003 New York City Opera production of Stephen Sondheim’s musical A Little Night Music. Kendrick made her debut in the musical comedy Camp. Her performance as the nerdy Fritzi Wagner earned her a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance and she went on to play an ambitious high school debater in Rocket Science, for which she earned a subsequent Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Supporting Female. Kendrick rose to prominence in 2008 for the fantasy romance Twilight, based on Stephenie Meyer’s novel of the same name, Kendrick played Jessica Stanley, the best friend of protagonist Bella Swan. In 2009, she appeared in the comedy The Marc Pease Experience, played her first leading role in the crime thriller Elsewhere and she then starred alongside George Clooney in director Jason Reitmans Up in the Air. Her performance as a college graduate was praised by critics. She was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at several ceremonies, including the Academy Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2010, Kendrick reprised her role of Jessica Stanley in The Twilight Saga, later that year, she appeared in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, in which she played the sister of the title character
22.
Pitch Perfect
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Pitch Perfect is a 2012 American musical comedy film directed by Jason Moore. The plot follows Barden Universitys all-girl a cappella group, The Barden Bellas, as they compete against another a cappella group from their college to win Nationals, the film is loosely adapted from Mickey Rapkins non-fiction book, titled Pitch Perfect, The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory. Filming concluded in December 2011, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the film premiered in Los Angeles on September 24,2012. Released on September 28,2012 in the United States, the received positive reviews from critics. It became a hit and earned over $115 million worldwide. It is the first film in the series and was followed by two sequels, Pitch Perfect 2 and Pitch Perfect 3. At a 2011 national a cappella competition, Barden Universitys all-female a cappella group and they are publicly humiliated, losing the competition. After some persuasion from Chloe Beale the co-leader of the Bellas along with Aubrey, Aubrey does not initially approve of recruiting Beca, but yields nonetheless due to a desperate need for members and Becas talent. Beca joins alongside a group of women who do not fit the Bellas typical mold, Cynthia-Rose, Stacie Conrad, Lilly Onakuramara. Jesse is also revealed to have joined the Bellas all-male rival group, the Treblemakers, in spite of their old set list, the group manages to place second, which sends them to the semi-finals. Unfortunately, disaster strikes for Beca when the Treblemakers cause an uproar with an old a capella group after the competition, the Bellas try to intervene, but Beca accidentally smashes a window with the trophy, which alerts a police officer standing outside who then arrests her. This infuriates Beca, which turns her budding friendship with Jesse sour, in the meantime, Beca suggests to the Bellas to try to be more daring, but Aubrey insists that they will win with the repertoire the group has always used in the past. Even though the audience seemed to enjoy Becas remix, the Bellas come in third in the competition behind the Treblemakers, Aubrey becomes furious with Beca, who in turn quits, with the Bellas losing on their chance to advance due to their third place ranking. They re-form after spring break, with the exception of Beca. During rehearsals, Chloe stands up against Aubreys stubbornness, the group starts to fall apart, which sparks a fight. Meanwhile, Beca tries to apologize to Jesse, which he declines, Beca then apologizes to the Bellas for her actions during the semi-finals and asks to have another chance, which Aubrey eventually allows. After having a group heart-to-heart conversation, the Bellas decide to adopt Becas more modern, Aubrey and Chloe relinquish their leadership to Beca. Meanwhile, Treblemakers leader Bumper leaves after being offered a job as a singer for John Mayer
23.
A. P. Carter Homeplace
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A. P. Carter Homeplace is a historic home located at Maces Spring, Scott County, Virginia. It is a small, one-story, half-dovetailed log cabin, with a room on the first floor. The house is most notable for its association with, a traditional American folk music group that recorded between 1927 and 1956 and it is the birthplace of Alvin Pleasant A. P. Delaney Carter of the Carter Family. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976
24.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
25.
Janette Carter
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Janette Carter was the last surviving child of A. P. and Sara Carter, of Carter Family musical fame. In 1976, she and community members built an 880-seat amphitheater, today, the Carter Family Fold attracts more than 50,000 visitors a year. She had three children from her first husband, Donald William, Rita Janette, and James Delaney, the surviving two reside in her hometown of Maces Spring, Virginia, which is nestled in Poor Valley at the foot of Clinch Mountain. She was awarded the Bess Lomax Hawes NEA National Heritage Award in 2005 for her advocacy for the performance. In 2006 she died and was buried next to her mother, Sara Carter Bayes, official Carter Family Fold Website Janette Carter at Find A Grave
26.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
27.
Charles Davis Tillman
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Charles Davis Tillman —also known as Charlie D. Tillman, Charles Tillman, Charlie Tillman, and C. D. Tillman—was a popularizer of the gospel song. He had a knack for adopting material from sources and flowing it into the mix now known as southern gospel. In 1887 he focused his career more on his church and musical talents, singing first tenor in a male quartet. In 1889 Tillman was assisting his father with a tent meeting in Lexington, the elder Tillman lent the tent to an African American group for a singing meeting on a Sunday afternoon. It was then that young Tillman first heard the spiritual The Old Time Religion and then quickly scrawled the words, Tillman published the work to his largely white church market in 1891. Tillman was not first in publishing the song, an honor which goes to G. D, pike in his 1873 Jubilee Singers and Their Campaign for Twenty Thousand Dollars. As published by Tillman, the song contains verses not found in Pikes 1873 version and these possibly had accumulated in oral tradition or/and were augmented by lyrics crafted by Tillman. More critically, perhaps, Tillmans published version of the tune has a cadence which may have helped it gain wider currency. Tillmans emendations have characterized the song ever since, in the culture of all southerners irrespective of race, the refrain was worded by Georgia Baptist preacher M. E. Abbey. The combination became one of the most popular and frequently recorded songs of all time, on January 14,2012, Brad Paisley performed a 4/4 rendition as guest on Garrison Keillors Prairie Home Companion. Members of the Western Writers of America chose the song as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. Besides The Old Time Religion and Life’s Railway to Heaven the Cyber Hymnal lists other Tillman works, including My Mothers Bible as well as Ready and When I Get to the End of the Way. Wayne W. Daniel pays particular notice to Tillmans The Great Judgment Morning and he set it to music and published it in a songbook under the title The Judgment. Bearing the alternate title The Great Judgment Morning, the song subsequently was published extensively in southern gospel songbooks and it was written anonymously as Nomad by Rev. B. H. Shadduck, PhD, in the Salvation Armys War Cry publication in 1893. Notwithstanding the sentimentality, My Mothers Bible emerged in a number of generally stately hymnals, including the Broadman Hymnal edited by Baylus Benjamin McKinney and Christian Hymns. Ready to suffer grief or pain had a British author in the tradition of the Keswick Hymn-Book, Tillman first published the British lyrics with his tune in Tillmans Revival No.4 in Atlanta in 1903. The British lyrics are in five quatrains, Tillman moved the original first quatrain into the refrain of his version and altered the words to wed better to the repeated nature of a refrain. He printed the song with a reference to 2 Samuel 15,15, in conveying this background, William Jensen Reynolds observes that the Southern Baptist Hymnal Committee decided to name the tune TILLMAN
28.
National Park Service
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It was created on August 25,1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. As of 2014, the NPS employs 21,651 employees who oversee 417 units, the National Park Service celebrated its centennial in 2016. National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior, the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior and they wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service, Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3,1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933, the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasnt until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service, the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery, Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States national parks, Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no government to manage it. Yosemite National Park began as a park, the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership, at first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, the National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service
29.
Find a Grave
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Find a Grave is a website that allows the public to search and add to an online database of cemetery records. It is owned by Ancestry. com, the worlds largest for-profit genealogy company, the site was created in 1995 by Salt Lake City resident Jim Tipton to support his hobby of visiting the burial sites of celebrities. He later added an online forum, Find a Grave was launched as a commercial entity in 1998, first as a trade name and then incorporated in 2000. The site later expanded to include graves of non-celebrities, in order to allow visitors to pay respect to their deceased relatives or friends. In 2013, Tipton sold Find a Grave to Ancestry. com, burial information is a wonderful source for people researching their family history. In a September 30,2013, press release, Ancestry, as of March 2017, Find a Grave contained over 159 million burial records and 75 million photos. The website contains listings of cemeteries and graves from around the world, american cemeteries are organized by state and county, and many cemetery records contain Google Maps and photographs of the cemeteries and gravesites. Individual grave records may contain dates and places of birth and death, biographical information, cemetery and plot information, photographs, Interment listings are added by individuals, genealogical societies, and other institutions such as the International Wargraves Photography Project. Contributors must register as members to submit listings, called memorials, the submitter becomes the manager of the listing but may transfer management. Only the current manager of a listing may edit it, although any member may use the features to send correction requests to the listings manager. Managers may add links to other listings of deceased spouses, parents, members may post requests for photos of a specific grave, these requests will be automatically sent to other members who have registered their location as being near that grave. Find a Grave also maintains lists of memorials of famous persons by their claim to fame, such as Medal of Honor recipients, religious figures, Find a Grave exercises editorial control over these listings. Canadian Headstones Interment. net National Cemetery Administrations Nationwide Gravesite Locator Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness Tombstone tourist Colker, web site answers grave concerns about stars. Web site attracts millions of grave-seekers, Find VIPs who R. I. P. through online cemetery. Genealogy, Find a Grave tremendous on many different levels, terre Haute, Indiana, Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. Archived from the original on May 14,2011, tip, Find a Grave has info youre dying to know. Tracking Down Relatives, Visiting Graves Virtually, media related to Images from Find A Grave at Wikimedia Commons Official website
30.
Anita Carter
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The trio joined the Grand Ole Opry radio show in 1950, opened shows for Elvis Presley, and joined The Johnny Cash Show in 1971. As a solo artist, and with her family, Carter recorded for a number of labels including RCA Victor, Cadence, Columbia, Audiograph, United Artists, Liberty and Capitol. Born in Maces Spring, Virginia, she scored two Top Ten hits in 1951 with Down The Trail of Achin Hearts with Hank Snow at No.2 and she reached the Top Ten again in 1968 with I Got You with Waylon Jennings at No.4. Other solo releases charted as well, Carter recorded two folk albums in the 1960s. In 1962, she recorded a song co-written by her sister June, after the song failed to make the charts, Cash recorded it as Ring Of Fire in March 1963 with the horns and the Carter Sisters. The revised song went on to wide international popularity and became one of the biggest hits of his career. She appears in a clip, currently on YouTube, in a duet with Hank Williams. Carter married fiddler Dale Potter in 1950, session musician Don Davis in 1953 and she had two children, Lorrie Frances and Jay Davis. Carter suffered from arthritis for many years, and the drugs used to treat it severely damaged her pancreas, kidneys. She died on July 29,1999, at the age of 66 and she was under hospice care at the home of Johnny and June Carter Cash in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Her interment was in Hendersonville Memory Gardens in Hendersonville, Tennessee
31.
June Carter Cash
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Valerie June Carter Cash was an American singer, songwriter, actress, dancer, comedian, and author who was a member of the Carter Family and the second wife of singer Johnny Cash. Prior to her marriage to Cash, she was known as June Carter. She played the guitar, banjo, harmonica, and autoharp, Carter Cash won five Grammy Awards and was inducted into the Christian Music Hall of Fame in 2009. She was ranked number 31 in CMTs 40 Greatest Women in Country Music in 2003, June Carter Cash was born Valerie June Carter in Maces Spring, Virginia, to Maybelle Carter and Ezra Carter. She was born into country music and performed with the Carter Family from the age of 10, the new group first aired on radio station WRNL in Richmond, Virginia, on June 1. Doc and Carl —Maybelles brother and cousin, respectively, known as The Virginia Boys, joined them in late 1945. June, then 16, was a co-announcer with Ken Allyn and did the commercials on the shows for Red Star Flour, Martha White. For the next year, the Carters and Doc and Carl did show dates within driving range of Richmond, through Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, June later said she had to work harder at her music than her sisters, but she had her own special talent—comedy. A highlight of the shows was her Aunt Polly comedy routine. Carl McConnell wrote in his memoirs that June was a natural-born clown and she attended John Marshall High School during this period. After Doc and Carl dropped out of the business in late 1946, Maybelle. After a while there, they moved to WNOX in Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1949, Mother Maybelle and the Carter Sisters, with their lead guitarist, Atkins, were living in Springfield, Missouri, and performing regularly at KWTO. Atkins reputation as a player had begun to spread. Finally, in 1950, Opry management relented and the group, along with Atkins, here the family befriended Hank Williams and Elvis Presley, and June met Johnny Cash. June and her sisters, with mother Maybelle and aunt Sara joining in time to time. With her thin and lanky frame, June Carter often played a comedic foil during the groups performances alongside other Opry stars Faron Young and Webb Pierce. While June Carter Cash may be best known for singing and songwriting, she was also an author, dancer, actress, comedian, philanthropist, director Elia Kazan saw her perform at the Grand Ole Opry in 1955 and encouraged her to study acting. She studied with Lee Strasberg and Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York, June was also Momma James in The Last Days of Frank and Jesse James
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