1.
Puckeridge
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Puckeridge is a hamlet in East Hertfordshire, England with a population of 3,561. The earliest known settlement was founded by the Catavellauni, Celts from north-eastern France, the Celts began to arrive around 250 BC. The Belgae arrived around 180 BC, a Roman town existed just to the north of the existing village and the village is at the cross roads of two major Roman roads, Ermine Street and Stane Street. By 200AD the Romans had built a town, at the north of the current village and it was a regional capital and was also the start point for the roads to St Albans and Baldock – all important pre-Roman Celtic centres. Ad Fines had a temple dedicated to Minerva. It also had at least two houses on the banks of the River Rib. The town survived until the end of the 5th century, the neighbouring villages of Standon and Braughing are recorded in the Domesday Book but Puckeridge is not although it was probably in existence. It survived the Black Death in the 14th century, a number of charities were established in Puckeridge in the 17th century, which gave grants of land that enabled the expansion of the village. The village developed and thrived because it was on the route between London and Cambridge, Samuel Pepys records that he stopped at the Falcon. Eventually the coming of the railway in the 19th century led to a decline in the fortune of the many Taverns and Inns in the village, the village is now a popular place to live close to good road networks leading into and around London. The village shares its name with HMS Puckeridge, a Hunt class destroyer which was lost to enemy action during World War II, the village houses three schools, small convenience stores and a pub with a mixture of old and relatively new houses. Near Puckeridge, there was Puckeridge DECCA tower, a tower radiator used for DECCA
2.
A10 road (England)
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The A10 is a major road in England. Its southern end is at London Bridge in the London Borough of Southwark, from London to Royston it chiefly follows the line of Roman Ermine Street. Within the City of London, the route of the A10 comprises King William Street, Gracechurch Street, Bishopsgate and it then becomes Shoreditch High Street, Kingsland Road, Kingsland High Street and Stoke Newington Road. It runs through Stoke Newington as Stoke Newington High Street and then becomes Stamford Hill, in July 2013, the Tottenham Hale gyratory was removed and the A10 now follows the route of Tottenham High Road in both directions. North of Tottenham, the A10 leaves its historical route of Tottenham High Road/Hertford Road to join the Great Cambridge Road via Bruce Grove, the Roundway is the southern end of a long dual carriageway section of the A10, which extends to just south of Buntingford. This dual carriageway section bisects the London Borough of Enfield, skirting the Enfield fringes of Enfield Town before crossing the M25 motorway at junction 25, near Waltham Cross. Until the late 1970s, the Great Cambridge Road passed through the towns of Broxbourne, Hoddesdon, since then, an all-purpose road from Cheshunt by-passes these towns. The Kingsmead Viaduct takes the A10 high over the Lea Valley between Hertford and Ware and the Hertford East Branch Line railway. North of Ware, a further scheme was opened in late 2004, taking the A10 around the Hertfordshire villages of Wadesmill, Thundridge, High Cross. The bypass would have opened sooner, but the lime-stabilised subsoil heaved, a substantial portion of the road surface had to be relaid. Further north, there is another section of 1970s dual carriageway road between Puckeridge and Buntingford, the contract for which was awarded to Meres Construction Ltd in April 1972, Buntingford was by-passed in the 1980s, however this is only single carriageway. From Buntingford, the runs through the villages of Chipping, Buckland. A10 traffic is signposted to travel north on the M11, skirting round the top of Cambridge on the A14, however, the former course of the A10 turns into the A1309 and heads for the city centre. The A10 reappears to the north of Cambridge at the Milton Interchange of the A14 and heads north, bypassing Ely and its northern section runs along the valley of the River Great Ouse. Where the A10 bisects Cheshunt as a dual carriageway, it is prone to traffic congestion. However, in the wake of protests against a scheme in Wanstead, this was dropped. Society for All British Road Enthusiasts entry for the A10 Road to Nowhere – A10
3.
A11 road (England)
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The A11 is a major trunk road in England. It also multiplexes/overlaps with the A14 on the Newmarket bypass, All this part has been declassified and is now a minor road. Thus the A11 now starts at Aldgate, just inside the boundary of the City of London. The first stretch is Aldgate High Street, passing south of Aldgate tube station, traffic is one way round the Aldgate one-way system. East of Aldgate station, the A11 enters the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and it becomes Whitechapel High Street, again part of the Aldgate one-way system. The A11 passes through Whitechapel, past Whitechapel tube station and the Royal London Hospital, next, it becomes Bow Road, passing Bow Road tube station and Bow Church DLR station. There is a dual carriageway flyover over the Bow Interchange roundabout, however, at the end of the flyover, the A11 crosses into the London Borough of Newham and becomes a western extension to the A118. Following the opening of the A12 extension in 1999, the A11 was re-numbered to make it seem an important road. This is the limit of the downgraded section. The A11 number wont reappear until Stump Cross in deepest Essex, the road enters Cambridgeshire, with the road number A11 finally re-appearing at M11 Junction 9A, and the A11 is now a trunk road. It roughly follows the route of a Roman road for the remainder of its length, the A11 formerly went through Newmarket, that stretch is now the A1304. The Newmarket bypass, opened to traffic in July 1975, is a dual carriageway, the western end is the A11, but most of its length is a multiplex/overlap with the A14. The A11 re-appears north-east of Newmarket, and remained a dual carriageway until Barton Mills, the road bypasses Barton Mills before entering Norfolk in the Thetford Forest, passing the 113-foot-tall Elveden War Memorial. This section of the road opened as a carriageway on 12 December 2014. This completes the dualling of the road between Norwich and London. The upgrading of the section of single carriageway between Barton Mills and Thetford means the road is dual carriageway all the way to Norwich. The road continues northeast bypassing Thetford, Attleborough and Wymondham, the A11 originally ran through the centre of all three towns giving rise to congestion which frequently became the focus of delays on the route. It also passes the Snetterton Circuit motor racing venue, on entering Norwich, it becomes single carriageway again and is called Newmarket Road
4.
M11 motorway
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The M11 motorway is a 52-mile motorway that runs north from the North Circular Road in South Woodford in northeast London to the A14, northwest of Cambridge, England. Originally proposed as early as 1915, various plans were considered throughout the 1960s, the motorway was opened in stages, with the first stage opening in June 1975, and the completed motorway becoming fully operational in February 1980. The M11 gives access to Bishops Stortford and the only service station via Junction 8. This is followed immediately by the recently constructed Junction 8A, which provides a link to the improved A120 that links to Stansted Airport. From Junction 8 the motorway has two lanes in both directions all the way to Junction 14 where the motorway terminates. The motorway is illuminated at the terminus near Junction 4, at Junction 6, and also at the approach to Junction 8/8A. All four of these sections use modern high pressure sodium lighting, the older, yellow, low-pressure sodium lighting originally used at junctions 4 and 6 was replaced in 2005. The numbering of the M11 junctions is unusual, as 1–3 are neither used nor shared with another road and this means that southbound drivers reaching the end of the M11 have to use the A12 & A11 to reach central London. Plans for an Eastern Avenue in London had been proposed as early as 1915, and it was opposed by a number of groups, including the Hackney Society and local residents as represented by their member of parliament in 1962. By 1966, the Ministry of Transport was planning a longer road, the road from South Woodford to Islington would have been designated as the M12. There were three proposed routes from the inner to outer ringway at the base of the current M11, under one scheme, south of South Woodford a connection would have been made with the western end of a proposed M12 towards Colchester. These proposals also made the case for an M15 motorway for the Ringway 2, part of the unbuilt route of a southern section of the M11 is seen from a sliproad from the North Circular to the M11 which travels over a bridge over bare land. It was announced in March 1975 that from Junction 8 to the northern terminus and this was another way of stating that, following a change in government policy, this section would comprise two rather than three lanes in each direction. An official plan to add north-facing connections at Junction 5 in Debden, plans were abandoned in March 2009 when the Secretary of State for Transport announced that no changes would be made to this section of motorway before 2021. The motorway was opened in stages, the stretch between Junctions 7 and 8 opened in 1975, and that between Junctions 4 and 7 in 1977. The stretch from Junctions 8 to 9 opened in 1979, that between Junctions 9 and 14 in 1980, and the full length becoming fully operational in February 1980. Budgets were tight during the 1970s when the road was built, the motorways first, and only, service station, Birchanger Green Services at Junction 8, opened in 1996. The plans for a station at this site were officially dropped in 1980
5.
A130 road
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The A130 is a major road in England linking Little Waltham, near Chelmsford, the county town of Essex, with Canvey Island in the south of that county. It is a route for most of its length, only losing that status south of the A13 junction at Sadlers Farm roundabout as it nears its terminus on Canvey Island. It was originally a much longer cross-country route, the present route can be divided into three main sections, plus an overlap with the A12. Here, the A12 multiplexes/overlaps with the A130 for a few miles round the edge of Chelmsford. The second section starts a few miles to the south, the A1114 road is the old road heading back into town, but the A130 road reappears heading south away from the Chelmsford area as a new dual carriageway opened as recently as 2002. This is a secret motorway complete with shoulders, but classified as A-road. The new road here more or less follows the path as the World War II GHQ Line hence the many pillboxes visible alongside the carriageway between the Howe Green and the A132 junctions. An older section of dual carriageway extends as far south as the A13 at the Sadlers Hall Farm, as with the A13 from London, the primary route section of the A130 ends here too. South of the Sadlers Farm roundabout, the leg of the A130 continues as a non-primary single-carriageway route into Canvey Island on the River Thames. Canvey Way is a causeway connecting mainland with island, and connects with the road through the island. The A130 was a longer route. It originally started on the old A10 just south of Cambridge at Trumpington, the section between Trumpington and Stump Cross became A1301, whilst the section between there and Great Dunmow became an extension of the B184. The A11 was also reclassified to minor A-roads and B-roads at this time, in early 2008, the section between Great Dunmow and Little Waltham was declassified to become an extension of the B1008, itself a product of earlier re-routing. During the mid-1980s, the A12 Chelmsford Bypass opened and this led to the A130 multiplexing with the former for a few miles to the north and east of Chelmsford. In more recent times, a new road between the village of Howe Street and the Chelmsford suburb of Springfield, Essex Regiment Way, directs traffic away from the northern suburbs. At the southern end, the route was extended as far as the A13 by the 1970s, the partially dual carriageway section between Chelmsford and the A127 was replaced by a new road in the first part of the 2000s. The older road is now unclassified through the village of Rettendon, roads x 10 entry on the SABRE website South East England road photos
6.
A12 road (England)
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The A12 is a major road in England. It runs north-east /south-west between London and the town of Lowestoft in Suffolk. A section of the road between Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth became the A47, and the part of the unsigned Euroroute E30. Unlike most A roads, a significant portion of the A12 has junction numbers as if it were a motorway, the 84 km section of the A12 through Essex has sections of dual two lanes and dual three lanes with eight changes in width between the M25 to Ipswich. It was named as Britains worst road because of potholes and regular closures due to roadworks in a 2007 survey by Cornhill Insurance, the A12 is covered by the Highways Agency A12 and A120 Route Management Strategy. This section in London was rerouted to run on Eastern Avenue by the mid-1940s, and extended to follow the current route from Blackwall Tunnel along the East Cross Route, the M11 link road in 1999. The route from London to Essex has long been important, with Old Ford being the location of an ancient Celtic crossing of the River Lea. The crossing of the Lea moved to its current location at Bow around 1110 when Matilda, wife of Henry I, a map from 1766 shows a route from London to Great Yarmouth which follows much of the current A12. The Ipswich to South Town and Bungay Turnpike Trust was established in 1785, the trust was wound up in 1872 following the arrival of the East Suffolk Line which was fully operational between the two towns in 1859. Following the demise of the Turnpike trust, responsibility reverted to parish responsibility until the new county took over in 1889. A new section of the A12, known as the M11 link road or A12 Hackney-M11 Link Road, was built in the early 1990s in the face of the major M11 link road protest and finally opened in October 1999. The section of road had originally proposed in 1903 in a Royal Commission on London Traffic. A public inquiry had been held in September 1961 and a further three public inquiries, a Parliamentary Bill and a High Court challenge had been required before the work started, initiated in 2000, the London to Ipswich Multi-modal study reported its conclusions late in 2002. The bascule bridge in Lowestoft, built in 1972, was refurbished in spring 2008, Essex County Council carried out its own inquiry into the road in 2008. Work on a £12. 4m scheme for the a new junction on the A12 at Cuckoo Farm and it was promoted by Essex County Council who prepared plans in 2001. and received funding from the Community Infrastructure Fund. It opened on 16 December 2010, the Eastern Avenue was built in the 1920s as a bypass for the section between Romford and Ilford, meeting what was the A11 at Leytonstone. It was numbered A106 until the 1930s when it became part of the A12, the 5-mile long Brentwood bypass was opened in November 1965. A bypass for Chelmsford was first included in the programme in 1968
7.
Harwich
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Harwich /ˈhærɪtʃ/ is a town in Essex, England and one of the Haven ports, located on the coast with the North Sea to the east. It is in the Tendring district, nearby places include Felixstowe to the northeast, Ipswich to the northwest, Colchester to the southwest and Clacton-on-Sea to the south. It is the northernmost coastal town within Essex, the town became a naval base in 1657 and was heavily fortified, with Harwich Redoubt, Beacon Hill Battery, and Bath Side Battery. Harwich today is contiguous with Dovercourt and the two, along with Parkeston, are referred to collectively as Harwich. The towns name means settlement, from Old English here-wic. The town received its charter in 1238, although there is evidence of earlier settlement – for example, a record of a chapel in 1177, because of its strategic position, Harwich was the target for the invasion of Britain by William of Orange on 11 November 1688. However, unfavourable winds forced his fleet to sail into the English Channel instead, due to the involvement of the Schomberg family in the invasion, Charles Louis Schomberg was made Marquess of Harwich. Writer Daniel Defoe devotes a few pages to the town in A tour thro the Whole Island of Great Britain, visiting in 1722, he noted its formidable fort and harbour of a vast extent. The town, he recounts, was known for an unusual spring rising on Beacon Hill. The locals also claimed that the spring is said to turn wood into iron. Harwich Dockyard was established as a Royal Navy Dockyard in 1652 and it ceased to operate as a Royal Dockyard in 1713. The Royal Navy is no longer present in Harwich but Harwich International Port at nearby Parkeston continues to offer regular services to the Hook of Holland in the Netherlands. Many operations of the container port at Felixstowe and of Trinity House. The port is famous for the phrase Harwich for the Continent, seen on road signs, at least three pairs of lighthouses have been built over recent centuries as leading lights, to help guide vessels into Harwich. The earliest pair were wooden structures, the High Light stood on top of the old Town Gate, in 1818 these were replaced by stone structures, designed by John Rennie Senior, which can still be seen today. They were owned by General Rebow of Wivenhoe Park, who was able to charge 1d per ton on all cargo entering the port, for upkeep of the lights. They were in turn replaced by the pair of cast iron lights at nearby Dovercourt, these too remain in situ, the extant medieval structures are largely private homes. The house featured in the image of Kings Head St to the left is unique in the town and is an example of a sailmakers house, thought to have been built circa 1600
A10 road
A1184 road
A1250 road
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M11 motorway Junction 8
A130 road
A131 road
A12 road Junctions 25 and 29
A1232 road
A133 road
A136 road
