1.
Thornaby-on-Tees
–
Thornaby-on-Tees is a royal charter town, civil parish and former borough within the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the bank of the River Tees,3 miles southeast of Stockton-on-Tees and 4 mi southwest of Middlesbrough. It has a population of 24,741 according to the 2011 census, the name Thornaby came into existence about 800 AD when the land was given by Halfdene, King of the Danes, to Thormod, one of his noblemen, hence Thormods-by – Thormods farmstead. There are other signs of Thornaby being an older settlement. Traces of prehistoric man have been found, the earliest being an axe,8 inches long, dating back to the Mesolithic Period. In 1926, a dugout canoe said to date from about 1600 –1400 BC was found in the mud under 8 feet of water opposite Thornaby High Wood, an arrowhead of the Neolithic Period was found in a garden on Thornaby Village Green. During the Battle of Hastings, one of William the Conquerors noblemen, Robert I de Brus, marched north with a garrison of men, William gave him those lands to control including Thornaby and Middlesbrough. The then King of Denmark, Sweyn, on 9 September 1069 defeated the Normans at York by killing the garrison of 3,000 men. William swore an oath to take revenge on Sweyn by destroying every house and dwelling in the lands under Sweyns rule, leaving all the land in the north east of Yorkshire barren and bare. In the Domesday Book Thornaby is mentioned five times, Thornabys first mention in the Domesday Book states, - Robert Malet has these lands and it appears that they remained undeveloped until the early 19th century as Thurnaby waaste is mentioned in a poem by Tennyson called The Northern Farmer. Over the centuries there have been a number of different spellings of the name Thornaby including Turmozbi, Tormozbi, Tormozbia, the form Thornaby first appears in 1665 and refers to old Thornaby village near the River Tees. In 1825, Thornaby, centred around St Peters Church and the old village green was gradually overshadowed by the newly named town of South Stockton which was 2 mi away. South Stockton was on the Yorkshire side of the river Tees opposite Stockton-on-Tees and it was not until the local government act of 1863 that the district of South Stockton officially came into being. In 1825 South Stockton became the site of William Smiths pottery, Stockton Council made two attempts to take over the local board of South Stockton, first in 1869 and again in 1883, but without success. On 6 October 1892 South Stockton and Old Thornaby merged into one to form the borough of Thornaby-on-Tees. The Anglican parish church on the green is of 12th-century origin. The unusual dedication to St. Peter ad Vincula is derived from the ancient Basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome, the building, with a simple nave and a bell turret with two bells, was originally dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. Grace Pace, the mother of Captain James Cook, was baptised at St. Peters in 1702 and it is said that Robert de Thormodbi, wounded in the Crusades at Acre, swore to raise a shrine to the Virgin Mary if he survived his wounds
2.
A19 road
–
From Sunderland northwards, the route was formerly the A108. In the past the route was known as the East of Snaith-York-Thirsk-Stockton-on-Tees-Sunderland Trunk Road, most traffic joins the A19, heading for Teesside, from the A168 at Dishforth Interchange. It then passes the Pavilion exhibition centre, much of the course of the southern section of the A19 runs through the old Yorkshire coalfield, with evidence of old slag-heaps and colliery buildings. It passes through Toll Bar and the primary school and it passes through Askern, a former mining village. It meets the B1220 for Carcroft and goes through Owston, passing the Owston Park Lodge, here it passes the Askern Hotel, Red Lion Hotel and Askern Service Station and goes over a level crossing. There is also a lake, St Peters church and a greyhound stadium. There is a turn for Norton. There are some long straights north of here, and the surrounds are flat as the road heads towards the M62. It enters North Yorkshire and the district of Selby where it crosses the River Went near Walden Stubbs, there are some crossroads at Balne Moor, and it passes through Whitley Thorpe and Whitley and the George & Dragon. It meets the M62 at junction 34, from the M62, the village of Eggborough has been bypassed in recent years, with the new road travelling from this roundabout to near the power station to the right. The £44m six mile A63 Selby bypass, to the south of the town opened on 11 June 2004, before this happened, all the traffic, headed straight towards the centre of Selby, over a level-crossing and on to a busy traffic-light junction with the A63 from Leeds. The A19 took the major of the concurrency through the centre, whilst crossing the old toll bridge. The road is still the A19 through Selby, but the bypass is the A63, however, north-bound traffic follows the A63. The £5m 5-mile Riccall and Barlby bypass opened in October 1987 and this provided better junctions with the A63 and A163. The A63 and A19 meet at a roundabout near a large pickle factory and it heads towards Riccall where the road is much straighter after the bypass, it is following what was the East Coast Main Line before the Selby Diversion was built. Where the road leaves the old railway, the Trans Pennine Trail follows along the old track, at Escrick, it enters the Vale of York, and passes the BP York Road Garage, the Parsonage Hotel and the church of St Helen. Next is Deighton, passing the White Swan Inn, then it heads towards Crockey Hill and it meets the A64 near the headquarters of Persimmon plc. The York Northern By-Pass as the A1237 is a substitute for the A19 through York – this road is engineered and has frequent roundabouts
3.
A172 road (Great Britain)
–
The A172 is a major road in North Yorkshire, and the unitary authority of Middlesbrough, England. It runs from Ingleby Arncliffe to Middlesbrough, Marton Road is that part of the length of the A172 that links Middlesbrough to Ladgate Lane. Marton Road itself runs from the centre of Middlesbrough, starting at around the site of the old St. Johns Church, along its route the road passes several sites of local interest, including the James Cook University Hospital, and Stewart Park. The A172 changes its name to Stokesley Road at Marton Crossroads, the road can be used to join the A19 north to Newcastle and Sunderland and south. The road also joins the A174 to the towns of Redcar, Saltburn. The road can become congested and is famous locally for the Marton Crawl which happens during peak times, the Marton Crawl can take anything up to 20 minutes to get from Middlesbrough town centre to Marton itself. There are a number of bus services operate along part or all of the road. Amongst these are,27,28,29 and 63, after the junction with Stainton Way, the name changes to Dixons Bank. Pannierman Lane is that part of the road that is part of the Nunthorpe by-pass, and continues to Stokesley
4.
A171 road
–
The A171 is a road in England that links the North Yorkshire towns of Middlesbrough and Scarborough. Locally it is known as The Moor Road, the road is mostly single carriageway but has some sections of dual carriageway. Just outside Guisborough it heads into the North York Moors National Park, as it passes the village of Charltons, it rises up at a 15% incline through two 90° turns up to Low Moor, this hill is named Birk Brow. The road then wends its way through the moorland of the North York Moors park past Scaling Dam. The bridge was built in 1980 at an projected cost of £1 million and it then heads due south through Burniston and Scalby before finishing in Scarborough at a junction with the A64 on Falsgrave Road. The route is served by Arriva bus service X93, during the summer part of the timetable the service is roughly one an hour in each direction. A Park and Ride facility was opened at the junction with the B1460 outside of Whitby in 2014, the park has space for 450 vehicles and buses run every 15 minutes to and from the town between the hours of 10 am and 7 pm. At the roundabout junction with the A169 is a monument to the first German aircraft shot down over England in World War II. 3 Hawker Hurricane aircraft of 43 Squadron, RAF Acklington shot down a Heinkel HE111 at Bannial Flat Farm just north of what is now the two A roads junction
5.
Whitby
–
Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in the Borough of Scarborough and English county of North Yorkshire. It is located within the boundaries of the North Riding of Yorkshire. Situated on the east coast of Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, Whitby has a maritime, mineral. Its East Cliff is home to the ruins of Whitby Abbey, where Cædmon, the fishing port developed during the Middle Ages, supporting important herring and whaling fleets, and was where Captain Cook learned seamanship. Tourism started in Whitby during the Georgian period and developed further on the arrival of the railway in 1839, Jet and alum were mined locally. Whitby Jet, which was mined by the Romans and Victorians, the earliest record of a permanent settlement is in 656, when as Streanœhealh it was the place where Oswy, the Christian king of Northumbria, founded the first abbey, under the abbess Hilda. The Synod of Whitby was held there in 664, in 867, the monastery was destroyed by Viking raiders. Another monastery was founded in 1078 and it was in this period that the town gained its current name, Whitby. The abbey ruin at the top of the East Cliff is the towns oldest and most prominent landmark, other significant features include the swing bridge, which crosses the River Esk and the harbour, which is sheltered by the grade II listed East and West piers. The towns maritime heritage is commemorated by statues of Captain Cook and William Scoresby, the town also has a strong literary tradition and has featured in literary works, television and cinema, most famously in Bram Stokers novel Dracula. As a result, tourism and some forms of fishing remain the mainstay of its economy and it is the closest port to a proposed wind farm development in the North Sea,47 miles from York and 22 miles from Middlesbrough. According to the 2011 UK census, the town had a population of 13,213, Whitby was called Streanæshalc, Streneshalc, Streoneshalch, Streoneshalh, and Streunes-Alae in Lindissi in records of the 7th and 8th centuries. Prestebi, meaning the habitation of priests in Old Norse, is an 11th century name and its name was recorded as Hwitebi and Witebi, meaning the white settlement in Old Norse, in the 12th century, Whitebi in the 13th century and Qwiteby in the 14th century. A monastery was founded at Streanœhealh in AD657 by King Oswiu or Oswy of Northumbria, as an act of thanksgiving, after defeating Penda, at its foundation, the abbey was an Anglo-Saxon double monastery for men and women. Its first abbess, the royal princess Hild, was venerated as a saint. The abbey became a centre of learning and here Cædmon the cowherd was miraculously transformed into a poet whose poetry is an example of Anglo-Saxon literature. The abbey became the royal nunnery of the kingdom of Deira. The Synod of Whitby, in 664, established the Roman date of Easter in Northumbria at the expense of the Celtic one, the monastery was destroyed between 867 and 870 in a series of raids by Vikings from Denmark under their leaders Ingwar and Ubba
6.
Roads in the United Kingdom
–
Roads in the United Kingdom form a network of varied quality and capacity. Road distances are shown in miles or yards and UK speed limits are indicated in miles per hour or by the use of the speed limit symbol. Some vehicle categories have various lower maximum limits enforced by speed limiters, enforcement of UK road speed limits increasingly uses speed guns, automated in-vehicle systems and automated roadside traffic cameras. A unified numbering system is in place for Great Britain, whilst in Northern Ireland, the earliest specifically engineered roads were built during the British Iron Age. The road network was expanded during the Roman occupation, some of these survive and others were lost. New roads were added in the Middle Ages and from the 17th century onwards, certain aspects of the legal framework remain under the competence of the United Kingdom parliament. Although some roads have much older origins, the network was subject to development from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. From then, construction of roads has become controversial with direct action campaigns by environmentalists in opposition. In the UK, vehicles drive on the left and on multi-lane carriageways drivers are expected to keep to the left lane except when overtaking, in Great Britain, the Highway Code applies to drivers. In Northern Ireland, the Highway Code for Northern Ireland applies, UK speed limits are shown in mph. With a few exceptions, they are in multiples of 10, unless a lower speed limit is posted on a road, the national speed limit applies, which varies between class of vehicles and the type of road. In a built-up area, unless signs indicate otherwise, a limit of 30 miles per hour applies, other limits are shown in the table. For a road to be classed as a carriageway, the two directions of traffic flow must be physically separated by a central reservation. Roads in the UK are classified as M, A, or B roads, as well as categories of more minor roads, for internal purposes. These numbers follow a zonal system, there is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers in Northern Ireland. The majority of the major routes are motorways, and are designed to carry long distance traffic. The next category is the A roads, which form the route network. A primary route is defined as, primary destinations are usually cities and large towns, to which, as a result of their size, a high volume of traffic is expected to go
7.
Middlesbrough
–
Middlesbrough is a large industrial town on the south bank of the River Tees in North Yorkshire, north-east England, founded in 1830. The local council, an authority, is Middlesbrough Borough Council. The 2011 Census recorded the total resident population as 138,400. Middlesbrough is part of the larger area of Teesside which had an overall population of 376,333 at the 2011 Census. Middlesbrough became a county borough within the North Riding of Yorkshire in 1889, in 1968, the borough was merged with a number of others to form the County Borough of Teesside, which was absorbed in 1974 by the county of Cleveland. In 1996, Cleveland was abolished, and Middlesbrough Borough Council became an authority within North Yorkshire. RGs Erimus was chosen as Middlesbroughs motto in 1830 and it recalls Fuimus the motto of the Norman/Scottish Bruce family, who were lords of Cleveland in the Middle Ages. The towns coat of arms is a lion, from the arms of the Bruce family, a star, from the arms of Captain James Cook. The importance of the church at Middleburg, later known as Middlesbrough Priory, is indicated by the fact that, in 1452. After the Angles, the area home to Viking settlers. The name Mydilsburgh is the earliest recorded form of Middlesbroughs name and dates from the Anglo-Saxon era, in 1801, Middlesbrough was a small farm with a population of just 25. During the latter half of the 19th century, however, it experienced rapid growth, the Stockton and Darlington Railway had been developed to transport coal from Witton Park Colliery and Shildon in County Durham, to the River Tees in the east. It had always been assumed by the investors that Stockton as the then lowest bridging point on the River Tees would be suitable to take the largest ships at the required volume. As a result, in 1829 he and a group of Quaker businessmen bought the Middlesbrough farmstead and associated estate, some 527 acres of land, and established the Middlesbrough Estate Company. Through the company, the set about the development of a new coal port on the banks of the Tees nearby. By 1830 the S&DR had been extended to Middlesbrough and expansion of the town was assured, the town of Middlesbrough was born. New businesses quickly bought up premises and plots of land in the new town and soon shippers, merchants, butchers, innkeepers, joiners, blacksmiths, by 1851 Middlesbroughs population had grown from 40 people in 1829 to 7,600. The first coal shipping staithes at the port were constructed just to the west of the site earmarked for the location of Middlesbrough, the port was linked to the S&DR on 27 December 1830 via a branch that extended to an area just north of the current Middlesbrough railway station
A19 road
A172 road
A171 road
A1053 road
A1042 road
A1085 road
A173 road
A1044 road
A1032 road
