1.
Teignmouth
–
Teignmouth is a town and civil parish in Teignbridge in the English county of Devon, situated on the north bank of the estuary mouth of the River Teign about 14 miles south of Exeter. It has a population of 14,749, in 1690, it was the last place in England to be invaded by a foreign power. Today, its port still operates and the remains a popular seaside holiday location. The first record of Teignmouth, Tengemuða, meaning mouth of the stream, was in 1044, there were originally two villages, East and West Teignmouth, separated by a stream called the Tame, which emptied into the Teign through marshland by the current fish quay. Neither village is mentioned in the Domesday Book, but East Teignmouth was granted a market by charter in 1253, the Tame now runs under the town in culverts and is only visible higher up the town as Brimley Brook, joined by smaller streams such as the Winterbourne. Documents indicate that Teignmouth was a significant port by the early 14th century and it was attacked by the French in 1340 and sent seven ships and 120 men to the expedition against Calais in 1347. Its relative importance waned during the 15th century, and it did not figure in a record of 1577. This may have due to silting up of the harbour caused by tin mining on Dartmoor. During the 17th century, in common with other Channel ports, Teignmouth ships suffered from raids from Dunkirkers and it is possible that smuggling was the towns most significant trade at this time, though cod fishing in Newfoundland was also of great importance. A petition to the Lord Lieutenant from the described the incident. After examining creditable persons the Justices of the Peace concluded that, by the late horrid invasion there were within the space of 12 houres burnt downe and consumed 116 dwelling houses. As a result, the Crown issued a brief that authorised the collection of £11,000 for the aid of the town. Churches from as far afield as Yorkshire contributed, and the collections enabled the development of the port. This was the last invasion of England, and French Street with its museum is named in memory of the occasion. In the 1600s and 1700s there are records of a windmill on the Den - an area that was then a large sand dune, by 1759 this windmill was demolished. In the late 18th century, privateering was common in Teignmouth, in 1779 the French ship LEmulation with a cargo of sugar, coffee and cotton was offered for sale at Rendles Great Sale Room in the town. Teignmouth people fitted out two privateers, the Dragon with 16 guns and 70 men, and the Bellona, described as carrying 16 guns,4 cohorns and 8 swivels. The Bellona set sail on her first voyage in September 1779, the Newfoundland fisheries continued to provide the main employment into the early 19th century and, fortuitously for the town, as the fisheries declined the prospect of tourism arose
2.
A379 road
–
The A379 is a road in the English county of Devon. It links points on the edges of that countys two principal cities, Exeter and Plymouth, by an indirect and largely coastal route. The A38 provides a faster and more inland route between Exeter and Plymouth, whilst the A380 provides a similarly faster route between Exeter and the Torbay area. However the A379 serves a number of smaller coastal communities. The indented nature of the South Devon coast means that the road is out of sight of the sea, but the many rivers and estuaries are crossed by bridges and, in one case. At its northeastern end, the A379 has two branches and two starting points, one branch starts with a junction with the M5 motorway at Clyst St Mary, whilst the other branch starts with a junction with the A38 at Kennford. From the junction of the two branches, some 3 miles south of Exeter city centre, the A379 heads south parallel to the estuary of the River Exe, beyond Starcross, the road continues through the coastal resorts of Dawlish and Teignmouth. Leaving Teignmouth, the A379 crosses the estuary of the River Teign on the historic Shaldon Bridge, the road then continues into the large resort of Torquay, where it meets the A3022 road. The two road designations share the physical road through the Torbay area, although only the A3022 is signed. At Paignton the two roads diverge, and the A379 follows a route through Goodrington before briefly rejoining the A3022 at Churston. From Churston, the A379 bypasses Kingswear before crossing the Paignton and this tolled vehicular ferry carries the road across the river and into the picturesque harbour town of Dartmouth. From here the A379 continues via Stoke Fleming and then along the coast at Slapton, here the road runs behind the beach, between the sea and the Slapton Ley lagoon. Turning inland, it proceeds to the town of Kingsbridge at the head of the Kingsbridge Estuary. From Kingsbridge, the A379 passes through the villages of Aveton Gifford, where it crosses the River Avon, the villages of Yealmpton, on the River Yealm, and Brixton follow. The road then runs into the suburbs of Plymouth, bypassing Plymstock before crossing the estuary of the River Plym on the Laira Bridge, the A379 ends on the west side of the Plym, joining the A374 just over 1 mile east of Plymouth city centre. Apart from short stretches of dual carriageway at either end and in Torquay, the A379 is a single carriageway road, like all roads in England of any significance, it is sealed throughout. The A379 crosses the River Dart using the Higher Ferry, a car ferry that until 2009 had a capacity of just 18 cars, a new ferryboat with a capacity of 32 cars came into service in June 2009. The alternative Lower Ferry can also be used, although this involves negotiating the narrow streets of Kingswear village, a roads in Zone 3 of the Great Britain numbering scheme SABRE information on the A379
3.
Salcombe
–
Salcombe is a popular resort town in the South Hams district of Devon, south west England. The town is close to the mouth of the Kingsbridge Estuary and it lies within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The town is home to a traditional shellfish fishing industry. The town is part of the ward of Salcombe and Malborough. There are a number of shipwrecks off Salcombe, one is of a Bronze Age ship, one of only three known in Britain, which had weapons and jewellery made in what is now France. The Salcombe Cannon Wreck is of a 17th-century ship that contained 400 Moroccan gold coins, in 1936 a Finnish four-masted barque, Herzogin Cecilie ran aground on the Ham Stone and was subsequently beached at Starehole Bay, near Bolt Head. Also off Salcombe is HMS Untiring which is a Second World War submarine that was sunk in 1957 as a sonar target, a description of the South Hams is given in the 9th century charter S298. This does not show Salcombe but its area is part of Badestone, Salcombe first appears in the records in 1244, on the boundaries of Batson and West Portlemouth. In 1570, there were 56 mariners while two years later another survey shows five ships under 60 tons at Salcombe, in 1566 there were ten seine nets at Salcombe while in the 1580s Salcombe fishermen travelled to Padstow annually for the new herring fishery. While there they rented cottages and storehouses, during the English civil war the town sided with the Royalists and held out against the Roundheads. The ruins of Fort Charles remain towards the south of the town and it held out from January to May 1646 and was the last Royalist stronghold. This fort was built for Henry VIII to defend the estuary and it was slighted on the orders of Parliament. There is little record of the town between 1650 and 1750, but it is thought that the inhabitants lived by fishing and smuggling, in 1764, the first holiday home, The Moult, was built in Salcombe. In the 19th century, Salcombe was a centre for shipping in the fruit trade. Salcombe vessels sailed to Iberia, the Mediterranean and the Caribbean as well as to the Azores, the fruit cargoes were oranges and lemons from the Azores, and pineapples from the Bahamas and West Indies. Other cargoes brought back included sugar, rum, coconuts and shaddocks, in addition wood such as ebony and mahogany was brought for furnishing ships. Salcombe and Kingsbridge were busy ship building places, producing the Salcombe schooner and this was a fast boat that could be sailed with few hands. However, almost half the fleet were lost with all hands, a mutual marine assurance association had been established in 1811 to insure Salcombe ships
4.
Roads in the United Kingdom
–
Roads in the United Kingdom form a network of varied quality and capacity. Road distances are shown in miles or yards and UK speed limits are indicated in miles per hour or by the use of the speed limit symbol. Some vehicle categories have various lower maximum limits enforced by speed limiters, enforcement of UK road speed limits increasingly uses speed guns, automated in-vehicle systems and automated roadside traffic cameras. A unified numbering system is in place for Great Britain, whilst in Northern Ireland, the earliest specifically engineered roads were built during the British Iron Age. The road network was expanded during the Roman occupation, some of these survive and others were lost. New roads were added in the Middle Ages and from the 17th century onwards, certain aspects of the legal framework remain under the competence of the United Kingdom parliament. Although some roads have much older origins, the network was subject to development from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. From then, construction of roads has become controversial with direct action campaigns by environmentalists in opposition. In the UK, vehicles drive on the left and on multi-lane carriageways drivers are expected to keep to the left lane except when overtaking, in Great Britain, the Highway Code applies to drivers. In Northern Ireland, the Highway Code for Northern Ireland applies, UK speed limits are shown in mph. With a few exceptions, they are in multiples of 10, unless a lower speed limit is posted on a road, the national speed limit applies, which varies between class of vehicles and the type of road. In a built-up area, unless signs indicate otherwise, a limit of 30 miles per hour applies, other limits are shown in the table. For a road to be classed as a carriageway, the two directions of traffic flow must be physically separated by a central reservation. Roads in the UK are classified as M, A, or B roads, as well as categories of more minor roads, for internal purposes. These numbers follow a zonal system, there is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers in Northern Ireland. The majority of the major routes are motorways, and are designed to carry long distance traffic. The next category is the A roads, which form the route network. A primary route is defined as, primary destinations are usually cities and large towns, to which, as a result of their size, a high volume of traffic is expected to go
5.
Newton Abbot
–
Newton Abbot is a market town and civil parish on the River Teign in the Teignbridge District of Devon, England, with a population of 25,556. Newton Abbot holds a historic Cheese and Onion Fayre in honour of Saint Leonard, it was held from 5 to 7 November. The town grew rapidly in the Victorian era as it was home to the South Devon Railway locomotive works. This later became a steam engine shed and was retained to service British Railways diesel locomotives. The town has a nearby, the most westerly racecourse in Britain. Traces of Neolithic people have found at Berrys Wood Hill Fort near Bradley Manor. This was a hill fort that enclosed about 11 acres. Milber Down camp was built before the 1st century BC and was briefly occupied by the Romans. The remains of a Norman motte-and-bailey castle, known as Castle Dyke, are on Highweek Hill, a village grew up around the castle, first called Teignwick, and later Highweek – the village on the high ground. Another settlement developed on the low ground around the River Lemon, the New Town of the Abbots was given the right to hold a weekly market on Wednesdays sometime between 1247 and 1251. By 1300 the two settlements were renamed as Newton Abbot and Newton Bushel, on the strength of the market it quickly became a successful thriving town and a good source of income for the Abbots. Over the river on the Highweek side another weekly market was created and this one ran on Tuesdays and, because the Bushel family were the landowners this community, became known as Newton Bushel. Over the next 200 years Newton Bushel ran more annual fairs, a number of mills were set up, Newton Bushel was also a convenient place for travellers to stay. Torre Abbey was dissolved in 1539 and ownership of Wolborough was granted to John Gaverock who built himself a new house at Forde, the twin markets of Newton Abbot and Newton Bushel continued until they were merged in 1633 as a Wednesday weekly market under the ownership of Bradley Manor. By 1751 there was also a smaller Saturday market and three annual fairs—a cattle fair on 24 June, a cheese and onion fair in September, the markets continued to expand so in 1826 a new market was built. Over the next 50 years the buildings became dilapidated so a new market was built in 1871. The buildings included a market, a corn exchange and a public hall—the Alexandra. The river Lemon was also covered over, further enlargement took place in 1938 as a new cattle market and corn exchange were built
6.
Totnes
–
Totnes is a market town and civil parish at the head of the estuary of the River Dart in Devon, England within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is about 22 miles south southwest of the city of Exeter and is the centre of the South Hams District Council. Totnes has a recorded history, dating back to AD907 when its first castle was built. Indications of its wealth and importance are given by the number of merchants houses built in the 16th and 17th centuries. Today, the town is a centre for music, art, theatre. It has an alternative and New Age community, and is known as a place where one can live a bohemian lifestyle. Their combined populations at the 2011 census was 8,076, set into the pavement of Fore Street is the Brutus Stone, a small granite boulder onto which, according to local legend, Brutus first stepped from his ship. As he did so, he was supposed to have declaimed, Here I stand, and this town shall be called Totnes. The stone is far above the highest tides and the tradition is not likely to be of great antiquity, also according to the Historia, Ambrosius Aurelius and his brother Uther Pendragon landed at Totnes to win back the throne of Britain from the usurper Vortigern. The site was chosen because it was on an ancient trackway which forded the river at low tide, between the reigns of Edgar and William II Totnes intermittently minted coins. Juhel did not retain his lordship for long, however, as he was deprived of his lands in 1088 or 1089, the name Totnes comes from the Old English personal name Totta and ness or headland. Before reclamation and development, the areas around this hill were largely marsh or tidal wetland. By 1523, according to a tax assessment, Totnes was the second richest town in Devon, in 1553, King Edward VI granted Totnes a charter allowing a former Benedictine priory building that had been founded in 1088 to be used as Totnes Guildhall and a school. In 1624, the Guildhall was converted to be a magistrates court, until 1887, the Guildhall was also used as the town prison with the addition of prison cells. It remained a court until 1974. Totnes borough charter was granted by King John, probably around 1206, at any rate, Totnes lost its borough status in local government reorganisation in 1974. Totnes was served by Totnes electoral borough from 1295 until the act of 1867. In August 2009, Totnes became the first constituency to select the Conservative PPC through a primary that was organised by the local Conservative Association
A379 road
A383 road
A380 road
A382 road
A385 road
A3122 road
