1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Pink Floyd
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Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music, Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals, Nick Mason on drums, Roger Waters on bass and vocals, and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals. Guitarist David Gilmour joined in December 1967, Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and conceptual leader, devising the concepts behind their albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals, The Wall. The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall became two of the albums of all time. Following creative tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979, followed by Waters in 1985, Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, Wright rejoined them as a session musician and, later, a band member. The three produced two more albums—A Momentary Lapse of Reason and The Division Bell —and toured through 1994, Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The final Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River, was recorded without Waters, Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. By 2013, the band had more than 250 million records worldwide. Roger Waters met Nick Mason while they were both studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street and they first played music together in a group formed by Keith Noble and Clive Metcalfe with Nobles sister Sheilagh. Richard Wright, an architecture student, joined later that year. Waters played lead guitar, Mason drums, and Wright rhythm guitar, the band performed at private functions and rehearsed in a tearoom in the basement of the Regent Street Polytechnic. They performed songs by the Searchers and material written by their manager and songwriter, Mason moved out after the 1964 academic year, and guitarist Bob Klose moved in during September 1964, prompting Waters switch to bass. Sigma 6 went through several names, including the Meggadeaths, the Abdabs and the Screaming Abdabs, Leonards Lodgers, in 1964, as Metcalfe and Noble left to form their own band, guitarist Syd Barrett joined Klose and Waters at Stanhope Gardens. Barrett, two younger, had moved to London in 1962 to study at the Camberwell College of Arts. Waters and Barrett were childhood friends, Waters had often visited Barrett, Noble and Metcalfe left the Tea Set in late 1963, and Klose introduced the band to singer Chris Dennis, a technician with the Royal Air Force. In December 1964, they secured their first recording time, at a studio in West Hampstead, through one of Wrights friends, Wright, who was taking a break from his studies, did not participate in the session. When the RAF assigned Dennis a post in Bahrain in early 1965, later that year, they became the resident band at the Countdown Club near Kensington High Street in London, where from late night until early morning they played three sets of 90 minutes each
3.
Abbey Road Studios
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Abbey Road Studios is a recording studio at 3 Abbey Road, St Johns Wood, City of Westminster, London, England. It was established November 1931 by the Gramophone Company, a predecessor of British music company EMI, Abbey Road Studios is most notable as being the 1960s venue for innovative recording techniques adopted by the Beatles, Pink Floyd, the Hollies, Badfinger and others. One of its earliest world-famous-artist clients was Paul Robeson, who recorded December 1931, towards the end of 2009, the studio came under threat of sale to property developers. However, the British Government protected the site, granting it English Heritage Grade II listed status in 2010, originally a nine-bedroom Georgian townhouse built in 1831 on the footpath leading to Kilburn Abbey, the building was later converted to flats where the most flamboyant resident was Maundy Gregory. In 1931, the Gramophone Company acquired the premises and converted it into studios, pathé filmed the opening of the studios when Sir Edward Elgar conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in recording sessions of his music. In 1934, inventor of stereo sound, Alan Blumlein, recorded Mozarts Jupiter Symphony which was conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham at the studios, the neighbouring house is also owned by the studio and used to house musicians. During the mid-20th century, the studio was used by leading British conductor Sir Malcolm Sargent. The Gramophone Company amalgamated with Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI and it was under this name that in 1936 cellist Pablo Casals became the first to record Johann Sebastian Bachs Cello Suites No.1 &2 at the command of EMI head Fred Gaisberg. The recordings went on to spur a revolution among Bach aficionados, in 1958, Studio Two at Abbey Road became a centre for rock and roll music when Cliff Richard and the Drifters recorded Move It there, and later pop music material. The Beatles named their 1969 album Abbey Road, after the street where the studio is located, the studio was renamed Abbey Road Studios in 1970 after the Beatles album had made it famous. Iain Macmillan took the cover photograph outside the studios, with the result that the nearby zebra crossing has become a place of pilgrimage for Beatles fans. It has been a tradition for visitors to pay homage to the band by writing on the wall in front of the even though it is painted over every three months. December 2010, the crossing at Abbey Road was given a Grade II listed status. Pink Floyd recorded most of their late 1960s to mid-1970s albums here, the Shadows named their Live at Abbey Road album after the studio, with the cover spoofing the Beatles album. The chief mastering engineer at Abbey Road was Chris Vinyl Blair, in 1979, EMI commissioned the British jazz fusion band Morrissey-Mullen to record Britains first digitally recorded single record at Abbey Road Studios. From July 18 to September 11,1983, the public had an opportunity to see inside the legendary Studio Two where The Beatles made most of their records. While a new mixing console was being installed in the control room, the soundtrack to the video had a number of recordings that were not made commercially available until the release of The Beatles Anthology project over a decade later. The Red Hot Chili Peppers used a photograph of the walking across the zebra crossing naked on the front of The Abbey Road E. P. which was released in 1988
4.
De Lane Lea Studios
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De Lane Lea Studios is a recording studio, currently based in Dean Street, Soho, London, England, UK. After De Lane Lea, these studios were taken over by Lee Lighting which then, many years later and it is now home to shows like The X Factor. Major Jacques De Lane Lea, a French intelligence attaché for the British government, the studios were adapted according to the demands of the market and expanded significantly on various sites in the 1960s and ’70s. Music recording increased dramatically, and the growth of commercial radio, De Lane Lea now specialises in sound post-production for cinema and television. Recently the studios have used for films by directors such as Nick Park, Tim Burton, Mike Newell, Guillermo del Toro. Warner Bros purchased the studios in November 2012, De Lane Lea Studios discography at Discogs De Lane Lea Studios at the Internet Movie Database
5.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
6.
Psychedelic rock
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Many psychedelic groups differ in style, and the label is often used indiscriminately. Musically, the effects may be represented via novelty studio tricks, electronic or non-Western instrumentation, disjunctive song structures, some of the earlier 1960s psychedelic rock musicians were based in folk, jazz, and the blues, while others showcased an explicit Indian classical influence called raga rock. In the 1960s, there existed two main variants of the genre, the whimsical British pop-psychedelia, and the harder American West Coast acid rock. While acid rock is often deployed interchangeably with the psychedelic rock, it can also refer more specifically to the heavier. The genre bridged the transition from early blues- and folk-based rock to rock and hard rock. Since the late 1970s it has revived in various forms of neo-psychedelia. The term psychedelic was first coined in 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond as a descriptor for hallucinogenic drugs in the context of psychedelic psychotherapy. As the countercultural scene developed in San Francisco, the acid rock. In the popular music of the early 1960s, it was common for producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with form, arrangements, unnatural reverb. Some of the best known examples are Phil Spectors Wall of Sound production formula, there was no transition to be made. You go from things like Flying Purple People Eater to I Am the Walrus, music critic Richie Unterberger says that attempts to pin down the first psychedelic record are therefore nearly as elusive as trying to name the first rock & roll record. Some of the far-fetched claims include the instrumental Telstar and the Dave Clark Fives massively reverb-laden Any Way You Want It, the first mention of LSD on a rock record was the Gamblers 1960 surf instrumental LSD25. American folk singer Bob Dylan was an influence on mid 1960s rock music. He led directly to the creation of rock and the psychedelic rock musicians that followed. Molly Longman of mic. com writes that, in terms of bridging the relationship between music and hallucinogens, the Beatles and the Beach Boys were the eras most pivotal acts. The considerable success enjoyed by these two bands allowed them the freedom to experiment with new technology over entire albums. In Unterbergers opinion, the Byrds, emerging from the Californian folk scene, with their ominous minor key melodies, hyperactive instrumental breaks, and use of Gregorian chants. In the songs lyric, the requests, Take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship
7.
Columbia Graphophone Company
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The Columbia Graphophone Company was one of the earliest gramophone companies in the United Kingdom. As Columbia Records, it became a label in the 1950s and 1960s. This in turn was absorbed by the Parlophone Records unit of Warner Music Group, in 1922, Columbia Phonograph, as the American Columbia Records was then known, sold its UK subsidiary Columbia Graphophone. However, in 1925 Columbia Graphophone bought its former parent for $2.5 million, in 1926 Odeon Records and Parlophone Records were acquired. On 21 April 1931, the Gramophone Company and the Columbia Graphophone Company merged and formed a new company, Electric, American anti-trust laws forced EMI to sell its American Columbia operations. Under EMI, English Columbias output was mainly licenced recordings from American Columbia until 1951 when American Columbia switched British distribution to Philips Records, led by avuncular A&R man Norrie Paramor, the label was arguably the most successful in Britain in the rock era prior to the beat boom. In the mid 1960s, English Columbia added an audiophile imprint called Studio 2 Stereo, during that time, the Columbia Graphophone Company was absorbed into the Gramophone Company with the label maintaining its identity. EMI has engaged in litigation with CBS regarding the importing of American records bearing the Columbia imprint into areas where EMI owned the Columbia name, EMI decided to reserve the HMV label for classical repertoire and had transferred HMVs remaining pop acts to Columbia and Parlophone by 1967. EMI began to replace the Columbia label with the eponymous EMI Records in January 1973, the last Columbia single was issued in 1989. EMI sold its remaining interest in the Columbia name in 1990 to Sony Music Entertainment, the formal reassignment of British registered trade marks, including the magic notes logo, from EMI took place in 1993. Today, Sony Music prefers using the eye logo for the Columbia Records trade mark in the UK. However, the magic notes logo is used, usually to give a retro feel. The Columbia name was still on some EMI releases between 1973 and 1990, but it had ceased acting as a fully functioning label. In Australia and Germany, EMI continued using the Columbia label throughout the 1970s and to at least 1980, through its ownership of the former Columbia/EMI catalogue, Parlophone Records new owner Warner Music Group assumed Columbias artist roster and catalogue. New reissues bear the Parlophone imprint
8.
Tower Records
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Tower Records was a retail music chain based in Sacramento, California. It currently exists as a franchise and an online music store. From 1960 until 2006, Tower operated retail stores in the United States, Tower. com was purchased by a separate entity and was not affected by the retail store closings. The corporate name was MTS Inc. but this was compared to the much more widely recognized Tower Records. In 1960, Russell Solomon opened the first Tower Records store on Watt Avenue, in Sacramento and he named it for his fathers drugstore, which shared a building and name with the Tower Theater, where Solomon first started selling records. By 1976, Solomon had opened Tower Books, Posters, and Plants at 1600 Broadway, in 1995, Tower. com opened, making the enterprise one of the first retailers to move online. Seven years after its founding, Tower Records expanded to San Francisco, opening a store in what was originally a store at Bay Street. The Tower Records stores in Japan split off from the chain and are now independent. In New York City, Tower Records operated a suite of stores on and it was a noted hangout for teenagers from the wider metropolitan area. The Tower Records Annex was in the building, but located in the back at the southwest corner of East 4th and Lafayette Streets, and stocked items that were older. The third store, Tower Video located on the southeast corner of East 4th and Lafayette Streets, specialized in video and, for a while, the second floor of this location also sold books. Their location on the Upper West Side, near Lincoln Center on 66th Street, the Nashville location on West End Avenue was in a former Packard dealership. The old showroom floor in front was devoted to CDs, cassettes, the area in the back housed videocassette sales and rentals, PC and console games and music paraphernalia. The strip mall next door contained a separate Tower Books, the location was famous for their late-night Monday events that culminated at midnight on Tuesday when staff started ringing up sales of new releases. Because of the proximity to Music Row, country music stars could occasionally be seen performing or shopping there. As part of a 2002 settlement with 41 states over CD price fixing Tower Records, along with retailers Musicland and Trans World Entertainment and it is estimated that between 1995 and 2000 customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million and up to $5 per album. In 2005, the company began using scan and listen stations in its stores and these stations allowed customers to listen to audio samples from CDs and to search for particular songs, albums and artists. This model of listening station is used at the Arizona-based chain Zia Records
9.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
10.
Norman Smith (record producer)
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Norman Hurricane Smith was an English musician, record producer and engineer. Smith was born in Edmonton, Middlesex, and served as an RAF glider pilot during World War II, after an unsuccessful career as a jazz musician, Smith joined EMI as an apprentice sound engineer in 1959. He was the engineer on all of the EMI studio recordings by the Beatles until 1965, the last Beatles album he recorded was Rubber Soul, and Smith engineered the sound for almost 100 Beatles songs in total. John Lennon first bestowed upon Smith the nickname of Normal, Lennon did so as a humorous reference to Smiths very unhurried and unflappable nature. While working with The Beatles on 17 June 1965, he was offered £15,000 by the music publishing company, Dick James Music. In early 1967, he working with a new group, Pink Floyd, producing their first, second, and fourth studio albums The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, A Saucerful of Secrets. During the sessions for the song Remember a Day, drummer Nick Mason became agitated that he could not come up with the drum part for the song. Smith, however, knew what he wanted with the drums, in 1968, Smith produced one of the first rock concept albums, the Pretty Things S. F. He produced early recordings by Barclay James Harvest, including their album Once Again, in 1971, Smith, using a recording artist pseudonym of Hurricane Smith, had a UK No.2 hit with Dont Let It Die. This recording was a demo of a song that he had written with the hope that John Lennon would record it, when he played it for fellow record producer Mickie Most, Most was impressed enough to tell him to release it as it was. In 1972, he enjoyed a hit with Oh, Babe, What Would You Say. which became a US No.1 Cash Box. It reached No.4 in the UK Singles Chart, also included on Smiths self-titled debut album was a third hit single, a cover version of Gilbert OSullivans Who Was It. Some recordings followed, such as My Mother Was Her Name, Beautiful Day, Beautiful Night, however, his subsequent attempts at producing successful recordings proved elusive. Capitalising on his solo recording efforts, Smith undertook two tours of the then thriving north of England cabaret circuit, complete with band and dancers. Smith enlisted the help of session drummer Peter Boita who fixed a band for Smith which was made up of the temporarily disbanded Bob Miller. This line-up went on to record the last album Smith made for EMI Records, Razzmahtazz Shall Inherit The Earth, which was released in 1973. Fans of Aston Villa F. C. also consider this tune as their unofficial club theme and it was performed by the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra on 6 June 2008. In 2004, Smith released a new CD, From Me To You, featuring new recordings of his biggest self-penned hits, Dont Let It Die and Oh, Babe, included in the liner notes were messages from Sir Paul McCartney and members of Pink Floyd
11.
The Piper at the Gates of Dawn
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The Piper at the Gates of Dawn is the debut studio album by English rock band Pink Floyd, and the only one made under founding member Syd Barretts leadership. It was produced by Beatles engineer Norman Smith and released in 1967 by EMI Columbia in the United Kingdom and Tower in the United States, in August, the release of the album in the US was timed with the bands tour of the US. In the UK, no singles were released from the album, the US version of the album has a rearranged track list, and contains the UK non-album single, See Emily Play. Two of the songs, Astronomy Domine and Interstellar Overdrive, became long-term mainstays of the bands live set list. Since its release, the album has been hailed as one of the best psychedelic rock albums. In 1973, it was packaged with the second album, A Saucerful of Secrets. In 2012, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn was voted 347th on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Architecture students Roger Waters, Nick Mason and Richard Wright and art student Syd Barrett had performed under various names since 1962. They turned professional on 1 February 1967 when they signed with EMI and their first single, a song about a kleptomaniac transvestite titled Arnold Layne, was released on 11 March to mild controversy, as Radio London refused to air it. About three weeks later the band were introduced to the mainstream media, the band returned to Sound Techniques studio to record their next single, See Emily Play, on 18 May. The single was released almost a month later, on 16 June, Pink Floyd picked up a tabloid reputation for making music for LSD users. Contrary to this image, only Barrett was known to be taking LSD, authors Ray B. Browne, the bands record deal was relatively poor for the time, a £5,000 advance over five years, low royalties and no free studio time. However, it did include album development and EMI, unsure of exactly what kind of band they had signed, gave them free rein to record whatever they wanted. They were obliged to record their first album at EMIs Abbey Road Studios in London, overseen by producer Norman Smith, balance engineer Pete Bown, who had mentored Smith, helped ensure that the album had a unique sound, through his experimentation with equipment and recording techniques. Bown, assisted by studio manager David Harris, set up microphones an hour before the sessions began, bowns microphone choices were mostly different from those used by Smith to record the Beatles EMI sessions. Because of Barretts quiet voice, he was placed in an isolation booth to sing his parts. Automatic double tracking was used to add layers of echo to the vocals, the album featured an unusually heavy use of echo and reverberation to give it its own unique sound. The album is made up of two different classes of songs, lengthy improvisations from the live performances and shorter songs that Barrett had written
12.
More (soundtrack)
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It is the first album by the band to be released by Capitol internationally. The film More was made in Luxembourg in 1969 and was directed by Barbet Schroeder, More is a psychedelic rock soundtrack album that contains some acoustic folk ballads, a genre that appeared sparsely on later works. It also contains some of the bands heaviest recordings, such as The Nile Song and Ibiza Bar, as well as instrumental tracks, featuring their experimental. This is Pink Floyds first full album without founder member Syd Barrett, More was recorded at Pye Studios, Marble Arch, London and engineered by Brian Humphries. It is the album in the bands discography not to have a lead vocal from Roger Waters during his tenure in the band. Two songs can be heard in the film that were not included on the album, Seabirds, in 1987, the album was issued on CD. A digitally remastered CD was released in 1995 in the UK and 1996 in the US, since 1995, the new edition changed the title to just Music from the Film More. This was the last of three Pink Floyd albums to be released in the United States by the Tower Records division of Capitol Records, the 1973 US reissue was released on Harvest Records. Although the CD restores the original United Kingdom title in all countries, it is represented differently on the spine, for the Pink Floyd Records 2016 re-issue, the name reverted to Soundtrack from the film More which was released 3 June 2016
13.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
14.
Let There Be More Light
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Let There Be More Light is the opening track on Pink Floyds second album A Saucerful of Secrets. It was also released in edited form as the fourth American single by the group, the song is written by Roger Waters. It begins with a bass line before the vocals start. The first, gentler vocals are performed by Rick Wright with Waters whispering, the last two minutes of the song mark the first appearance of a guitar solo by Gilmour on a Pink Floyd album. Let There Be More Light describes the descent of a fantastical spacecraft at RAF Mildenhall. From 1950, RAF Mildenhall primarily supported US Air Force operations, the song shares the theme of benevolent extraterrestrial intervention in human affairs with the 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still and Arthur C. The first verse relates the realisation of an apparent prophecy that something will be done when a mighty ship / Descending on a point of flame / Made contact with the race at Mildenhall. The second verse opens with the repeated refrain Now. is the time to be aware, before referring to Carters father, in the third verse, the outer lock of the spacecraft opens to reveal in flowing robes. Lucy In The Sky, causing the servicemen to sigh in wonder, the fourth and final verse begins with the question Did. / Never, ever will they ascend, before Lucy In The Sky, toes glowing, summons his cosmic powers and lets the psychic emanations flow. A rare US-only single release contains edited versions of this song. Pink Floyd performed the live from 1968–69, often as an encore. This song was planned as a B-side to an edit of one of Pink Floyds later songs, Money, for 7 December 1981, but for unknown reasons, the release was cancelled by EMI
15.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
16.
Tower Records (record label)
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Tower Records was an American record label from 1964 to 1970. For this reason Tower is often associated with the rock phenomenon of the 1960s. Named after Capitols headquarters building, Tower was formed as a subsidiary to Capitol in 1964, in its early years, it released recordings by British invasion artists like Freddie and the Dreamers, and Tom Jones. It also gave Nilsson his first national releases, Towers first single was Car Party/Outta Gas by The Sunrays, a California pop group produced and managed by Murry Wilson, father of Beach Boys Brian, Dennis and Carl. Tower labels from 1964 to approximately 1968 had a solid brownish-orange color and this design was used for both singles and albums. Starting sometime around late 1968 or early 1969 the design was changed to a multicolored stripe label, and again, the stripe label lasted until Tower ceased operations sometime around 1970. Tower releases have numerous small variations of label type for stereo and mono releases. Minor label variations also sometimes make it possible to determine which of the three Capitol Records factories manufactured each copy, in 1965, Tower made a bit of a risky move by releasing You Turn Me On by Ian Whitcomb, a song that was considered racy by some. Other Tower hits that year included I Live For The Sun by The Sunrays and Dirty Water, in 1966, the label gained what could be called a future cult status, becoming one of the premiere purveyors of what would later be called garage rock. While not releasing recordings from this genre exclusively, it seemed their greatest chart successes came from garage bands, Tower released the first recordings by Pink Floyd in the U. S. in 1967 without success after acquiring the rights from EMIs UK Columbia label. Tower released three Pink Floyd albums, the five Pink Floyd singles on Tower have become the most valuable and sought-after of the labels recordings. Tower released the single See Emily Play three times between July 1967 and late 1968, but each time it failed to reach the top 40. Two other Pink Floyd singles, Flaming and Let There Be More Light are especially rare and were not released at all in the U. K, after the Tower label was dissolved the Pink Floyd albums were re-issued on another Capitol/EMI subsidiary, Harvest Records and later Capitol Records. Several singles by The Chocolate Watch Band were released also in 1967, mississippi sunshine pop group Eternitys Children placed Tower back on the charts with Mrs. Bluebird in the summer of 1968. A&R man Mike Curb joined the label in 1968, Curb had a hand in releasing several soundtracks on the Tower label, most notably, Wild in the Streets, featuring Towers last major hit, Max Frost and the Troopers The Shape of Things To Come. Capitol shut down Tower Records in 1970, in 1992, the original label was used as part of EMIs Legends Of Rock And Roll series of CDs for their Best Of Freddie And The Dreamers compilation. 1965 until 1970, when he was moved to the roster of Towers parent label, Capitol. At some point during Curless tenure with Tower, rhey also acquired Curless earliest recordings, which he had made for the Event and Tiffany labels, and re-issued them in a string of Compilation LPs
17.
Syd Barrett
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Roger Keith Syd Barrett was a British musician, composer, singer-songwriter, and painter. Best known as a member of the band Pink Floyd, Barrett was the lead singer, guitarist. Barrett was excluded from Pink Floyd in April 1968 after David Gilmour took over as their new guitarist, Barrett was musically active for less than ten years. With Pink Floyd, he recorded four singles, their debut album, Barrett began his solo career in 1969 with the single Octopus from his first solo album, The Madcap Laughs. The album was recorded over the course of a year with five different producers, nearly two months after Madcap was released, Barrett began working on his second and final album, Barrett, produced by Gilmour and featuring contributions from Richard Wright. Two years later, he left the industry, retired from public life. In 1988, an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes, Opel, was released by EMI with Barretts approval, Barretts innovative guitar work and exploration of experimental techniques such as dissonance, distortion and feedback influenced many musicians. His recordings are noted for their strongly English-accented vocal delivery. After leaving music, Barrett continued with painting and dedicated himself to gardening, Pink Floyd wrote and recorded several tributes to him, most notably the 1975 album Wish You Were Here, which included Shine On You Crazy Diamond, as homage to Barrett. Syd Barrett was born as Roger Keith Barrett in the English city of Cambridge to a family living at 60 Glisson Road. Barrett was the fourth of five children and his father, Arthur Max Barrett, was a prominent pathologist and he was related to Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, through Maxs maternal grandmother Ellen Garrett, who was Elizabeths cousin. In 1951 his family moved to 183 Hills Road, Barrett played piano occasionally, but usually preferred writing and drawing. He got a ukulele at 10, a banjo at 11, a year after he got his first acoustic guitar, he bought his first electric guitar and built his own amplifier. He used both names interchangeably for several years and his sister Rosemary stated, He was never Syd at home. He would never have allowed it and he was a Scout with the 7th Cambridge troop and went on to be a patrol leader. At one point at Morley Memorial Junior School he was taught by Roger Waters mother, later, in 1957, he attended Cambridgeshire High School for Boys. His father died of cancer on 11 December 1961, less than a month before Barretts 16th birthday, also on this day, Barrett had left the entry in his diary for this date blank. By this time, his brothers and sisters had left home, eager to help her son recover from his grief, Barretts mother encouraged the band in which he played, Geoff Mott and The Mottoes, a band which Barrett formed, to perform in their front room
18.
David Gilmour
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David Jon Gilmour, CBE is an English singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He joined the rock band Pink Floyd as guitarist and co-lead vocalist in 1968, effectively as a replacement for founder Syd Barrett. Pink Floyd subsequently achieved success with the concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals. Following the departure of founder member, Roger Waters, Gilmour assumed leadership of Pink Floyd in 1985. As a member of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, in 2005, Gilmour was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services to music. He was awarded with the Outstanding Contribution title at the 2008 Q Awards, in 2011, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 14 in their list of the greatest guitarists of all time. Additionally, Gilmour was voted number 36 in the greatest voices in rock by Planet Rock listeners in 2009 and he has married twice and is the father of eight children. David Jon Gilmour was born on 6 March 1946, in Cambridge, England. His father, Douglas Gilmour, eventually became a lecturer in zoology at the University of Cambridge. At the time of Gilmours birth they lived in Trumpington, Cambridgeshire, but in 1956, after several relocations, Gilmours parents encouraged him to pursue his interest in music, and in 1954 he bought his first single, Bill Haleys Rock Around the Clock. His enthusiasm for music was stirred the following year by Elvis Presleys Heartbreak Hotel and he then borrowed one from his neighbour, but never gave it back. Soon afterward, he started teaching himself to using a book. At age 11, Gilmour began attending the Perse School on Hills Road, Cambridge, while there he met future Pink Floyd guitarist Syd Barrett and bass guitarist Roger Waters, who attended Cambridgeshire High School for Boys, which was also situated on Hills Road. In 1962, Gilmour began studying A-Level modern languages at Cambridge Technical College, despite not finishing the course, he eventually learnt to speak fluent French. Barrett was also a student at the college, and he spent his lunchtimes practising guitar with Gilmour, in late 1962, Gilmour joined the blues rock band Jokers Wild. They recorded an album and a single at Regent Sound Studio, in west London. In August 1965, Gilmour busked around Spain and France with Barrett and some other friends and they were not very successful, getting arrested on one occasion and living a virtually hand-to-mouth existence, which resulted in Gilmour requiring treatment in a hospital for malnutrition. He and Barrett later trekked to Paris, where they camped outside the city for a week, during that time Gilmour worked in various places, most notably as the driver and assistant for fashion designer Ossie Clark
19.
Nick Mason
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Nicholas Berkeley Nick Mason is an English musician and composer, best known as the drummer of progressive rock group Pink Floyd. Mason was the only Pink Floyd member to be featured on one of their albums. It is estimated that as of 2010, the group have sold over 250 million records worldwide, despite solely writing only a few Pink Floyd songs, Mason has co-written some of Pink Floyds most popular compositions such as Echoes and Time. He competes in racing events, such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans. On 26 November 2012, Mason received an Honorary Doctor of Letters from the University of Westminster at the ceremony of the School of Architecture. He later studied at the Regent Street Polytechnic, where he teamed up with Roger Waters, Bob Klose and Rick Wright in 1964 to form Pink Floyds predecessor, Mason has been the drummer on every Pink Floyd album. The only Pink Floyd songs whose composition is credited solely to Mason are The Grand Viziers Garden Party Parts 1–3, the one-off song by the band titled Nicks Boogie was named after him. He does, however, sing lead vocals on two unreleased but heavily bootlegged tracks, Scream Thy Last Scream, penned by original leader Syd Barrett, in live performances of the song Sheep, he did the spoken section. Despite legal conflicts over ownership of the name Pink Floyd, which began when Waters left the group in 1986 and lasted seven years, Waters. On 12 May 2007, Mason joined Waters again on stage at Earls Court to play The Dark Side of the Moon. Again, on 12 May 2011, Mason was featured, along with David Gilmour, on the encore Outside the Wall at a concert by Waters, Gilmour also performed on Comfortably Numb that night. In July 2005, Mason, Gilmour, Wright, and Waters played together on stage for the first time in 24 years, a four-song set was played at the Live 8 concert in London. Mason also joined Gilmour and Wright for the encore during Gilmours show at the Royal Albert Hall, London, on 31 May 2006 and he also stated in 2006 that Pink Floyd have not officially disbanded yet. However, on the Profiles album Mason released with Rick Fenn in 1985 and he can be seen playing a vibraphone in the promo video for Lie for a Lie, but it is unknown if he actually played on the recording. Mason has also said that he took some failed piano and violin lessons as a child before taking up drums, Mason has occasionally worked with other musicians, notably as a drummer and producer for Steve Hillage, Robert Wyatt, The Damned and Gong. He also drummed for Michael Mantler, Masons book, Inside Out, A Personal History of Pink Floyd, was published in the UK in October 2004. It is also available, abridged, as a 3-CD audio book, an updated edition was published, in paperback, in 2011. He performed in the ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games on 12 August 2012
20.
Pat Boone
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Charles Eugene Pat Boone is an American singer, composer, actor, writer, television personality, motivational speaker, and spokesman. He was a pop singer in the United States during the 1950s. He sold over 45 million records, had 38 top-40 hits, Boone still holds the Billboard record for spending 220 consecutive weeks on the charts with one or more songs each week. At the age of 23, he began hosting a half-hour ABC variety television series, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, many musical performers, including Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Bailey, and Johnny Mathis, made appearances on the show. His cover versions of rhythm and blues hits had an effect on the development of the broad popularity of rock. Elvis Presley was the act for a 1955 Pat Boone show in Cleveland. As an author, Boone had a bestseller in the 1950s. In the 1960s, he focused on music and is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. He continues to perform and speak as a speaker, a television personality. Boone was born in Jacksonville, Florida, the son of Margaret Virginia, Boone was reared primarily in Nashville, Tennessee, a place he still visits. His family moved to Nashville from Florida when Boone was two years old and he attended and graduated in 1952 from David Lipscomb High School in Nashville. His younger brother, whose name is Nick Todd, was also a pop singer in the 1950s and is now a church music leader. In a 2007 interview on The 700 Club, Boone claimed that he is the grandson of the American pioneer Daniel Boone. He is a cousin of two stars of Western television series, Richard Boone of CBSs Have Gun – Will Travel and Randy Boone, of NBCs The Virginian, pats siblings were notified and have acknowledged that the research one by The Boone Society is true. In November 1953, when he was 19 years old, Boone married Shirley Lee Foley, daughter of country music great Red Foley and his wife and they have four daughters, Cheryl Lynn, Linda Lee, Deborah Ann, and Laura Gene. Starting in the late 1950s, Boone and his family were residents of Leonia, in college, he primarily attended David Lipscomb College, later Lipscomb University, in Nashville. He graduated in 1958 from Columbia University School of General Studies magna cum laude and also attended North Texas State University, now known as the University of North Texas, in Denton and he began recording in 1954 for Republic Records. His 1955 version of Fats Dominos Aint That a Shame was a hit and this set the stage for the early part of Boones career, which focused on covering R&B songs by black artists for a white American market
21.
Dick Clark
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Richard Augustus Wagstaff Dick Clark Jr. was an American radio and television personality, as well as a cultural icon who remains best known for hosting American Bandstand from 1957 to 1987. He also hosted the game show Pyramid and Dick Clarks New Years Rockin Eve, Clark was also well known for his trademark sign-off, For now, Dick Clark — so long. As host of American Bandstand, Clark introduced rock & roll to many Americans, the show gave many new music artists their first exposure to national audiences, including Ike and Tina Turner, Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, Stevie Wonder, Talking Heads and Simon & Garfunkel. Episodes he hosted were among the first in which blacks and whites performed on the same stage, singer Paul Anka claimed that Bandstand was responsible for creating a youth culture. Due to his youthful appearance and his fame as the host of American Bandstand. In his capacity as a businessman, Clark served as Chief Executive Officer of Dick Clark Productions and he also founded the American Bandstand Diner, a restaurant chain modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe. In 1973, he created and produced the annual American Music Awards show, Clark suffered a stroke in December 2004. With speech ability still impaired, Clark returned to his New Years Rockin Eve show a year later on December 31,2005, subsequently, he appeared at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2006, and every New Years Rockin Eve show through the 2011–12 show. Clark died on April 18,2012 of an attack at the age of 82 following a medical procedure. Clark was born and raised in Mount Vernon, New York, to Richard Augustus Clark and his only sibling, older brother Bradley, was killed in the Battle of the Bulge during World War II. Clark attended A. B. Davis High School in Mount Vernon, at age 10, Clark decided to pursue a career in radio. In pursuit of that goal, he attended Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York, graduating in 1951 with a degree in advertising, while at Syracuse, he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. In 1945, Clark began his working in the mailroom at WRUN, an AM radio station in Rome, New York. Almost immediately, he was asked to fill in for the vacationing weatherman, while attending Syracuse, Clark worked at WOLF-AM, then a country music station. After graduation, he returned to WRUN for a time where he went by the name Dick Clay. After that, Clark got a job at the television station WKTV in Utica and his first television-hosting job was on Cactus Dick and the Santa Fe Riders, a country-music program. He would later replace Robert Earle as a newscaster, Clark was principal in pro broadcasters operator of 1440 KPRO in Riverside, California, from 1962 to 1982. In the 1960s, he was owner of KGUD AM/FM in Santa Barbara, in 1952, Clark moved to Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, where he took a job as a disc jockey at radio station WFIL, adopting the Dick Clark handle
22.
American Bandstand
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American Bandstand is an American music-performance show that aired in various versions from 1952 to 1989 and was hosted from 1956 until its final season by Dick Clark, who also served as producer. Freddy Boom Boom Cannon holds the record for most appearances at 110, the shows popularity helped Dick Clark become an American media mogul and inspired similar long-running music programs, such as Soul Train and Top of the Pops. Clark eventually assumed ownership of the program through his Dick Clark Productions company and this incarnation was an early predecessor of sorts of the music video shows that became popular in the 1980s, featuring films that are themselves the ancestors of music videos. As WFIL grew financially and the account became important, Stewart wasnt needed and was eventually dropped from the program. Tony Mammarella was the producer with Ed Yates as director. The short Snader and Official music films continued in the term, mainly to fill gaps as they changed dancers during the show—a necessity. On July 9,1956, Horn was fired after a drunk-driving arrest, as WFIL and he was also reportedly involved in a prostitution ring and brought up on morals charges. Horn was temporarily replaced by producer Tony Mammarella before the job went to Dick Clark permanently, in late spring of 1956, the ABC television network asked their O&Os and affiliates for programming suggestions to fill their 3,30 p. m. time slot. Clark decided to pitch the show to ABC president Thomas W. Moore, One show from this first season is now in the archives of Chicagos Museum Of Broadcast Communications. Studio B measured 80x42x24, but appeared smaller due to the number of props, television cameras and it was briefly shot in color in 1958 when WFIL-TV began experimenting with the then-new technology. WFIL went back to the TK-10s two weeks later when ABC refused to carry the signal and management realized that the show lost something without the extra cameras. Clark would often interview the teenagers about their opinions of the songs being played, the segment gave rise, perhaps apocryphally, to the phrase Its got a good beat and you can dance to it. In one humorous segment broadcast for years on retrospective shows, comedians Cheech, featured artists typically performed their current hits by lip-syncing to the released version of the song. During this time, there were shows that were not hosted by Clark. From 1969 to 1974, Bandstand Theme, a rock instrumental written by Mike Curb. From 1974 to 1977, there was a newer, orchestral version of Bandstand Boogie, arranged and performed by Joe Porter. From 1977 to the end of its ABC run in 1987, the opened and closed with Barry Manilows rendition of Bandstand Boogie. This version introduced lyrics written by Manilow and Bruce Sussman, referencing elements of the series, the previous theme was retained as bumper music
23.
Apples and Oranges (song)
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Apples and Oranges is the third United Kingdom single by Pink Floyd and the final one written by Syd Barrett. The B-side was Paint Box written by Richard Wright, the song is about a girl whom the narrator meets at the supermarket. It is one of a handful of songs by Pink Floyd which deal directly with love, the song was recorded shortly before the bands US tour, on 26 and 27 October. Pink Floyd, along with Barrett, mimed the song on their first US televised performances on The Pat Boone Show, Barrett kept his lips closed during the first performance but mimed competently on the latter show, of which footage survives. After Barrett was replaced by David Gilmour, the recorded a promotional film in Belgium in a fruit market with Roger Waters lip synching. This was the groups first single failed to break into the UK charts. Waters blamed the singles performance on Norman Smith, Apples and Oranges was destroyed by the production. When the single failed to reach the charts, Barretts reply was that he couldnt care less, both sides of the single were mixed in stereo, but the single was issued in mono, which was very muddy and probably contributed to its lack of success. The stereo mix of Paint Box first appeared on the Relics compilation, the other four early UK singles were issued in mono originally. Arnold Layne, See Emily Play, It Would Be So Nice, mono and stereo mixes of Apples and Oranges and the mono mix of Paint Box are included in the 40th Anniversary Deluxe Edition release of The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. Its a happy song, and its got a touch of Christmas and its about a girl who I saw just walking round town, in Richmond. — Syd Barrett NME hailed it as the most psychedelic single the Pink Floyd have come up with, however, it was pretty hard to get a hold of
24.
Roger Waters
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George Roger Waters is an English singer, songwriter, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason, keyboardist Rick Wright and guitarist, singer, and songwriter Syd Barrett. Waters initially served as the groups bassist, but following the departure of Barrett in 1968, he became their lyricist, conceptual leader. Pink Floyd subsequently achieved success with the concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals. By the early 1980s, they had one of the most critically acclaimed and best-selling acts in the history of popular music, as of 2013. Amid creative differences within the group, Waters left in 1985 and began a dispute with the remaining members over their intended use of the bands name. They settled out of court in 1987, and nearly eighteen years passed before he performed them again. Waters solo career has included three albums, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, Radio K. A. O. S. In 1990, he staged one of the largest and most extravagant rock concerts in history, The Wall – Live in Berlin, with an official attendance of 200,000. As a member of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and that same year he released Ça Ira, an opera in three acts translated from Étienne and Nadine Roda-Gils libretto about the French Revolution. Later that year, he reunited with Pink Floyd bandmates Mason, Wright and David Gilmour for the Live 8 global awareness event and he has toured extensively as a solo act since 1999 and played The Dark Side of the Moon in its entirety for his world tour of 2006–2008. In 2010, he began The Wall Live and in 2011 Gilmour, as of 2013, the tour is the highest-grossing of all time by a solo artist. George Roger Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary and Eric Fletcher Waters, in Great Bookham, Surrey. His father, the son of a miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian. In the early years of the Second World War, his father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. He later changed his stance on pacifism, joined the Territorial Army and was commissioned into the 8th Battalion and he was killed five months later on 18 February 1944 at Aprilia, during the Battle of Anzio, when Roger was five months old. He is commemorated at the Cassino War Cemetery, on 18 February 2014, Waters unveiled a monument to his father and other war casualties in Aprilia, and was made an honorary citizen of Anzio. Following her husbands death, Mary Waters, also a teacher, Roger Waters earliest memory is of the V-J Day celebrations
25.
EMI
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EMI was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records. EMI also had a publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing—also based in London with offices globally. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, other members of the Sony consortium include the Estate of Michael Jackson, The Blackstone Group, and Abu Dhabi–owned investment fund Mubadala Development Company. The new vertically integrated company produced sound recordings as well as recording, the companys gramophone manufacturing led to forty years of success with larger-scale electronics and electrical engineering. He was killed in 1942 whilst conducting flight trials on an experimental H2S radar set, post-war, the company resumed its involvement in making broadcasting equipment, notably providing the BBCs second television transmitter at Sutton Coldfield. It also manufactured broadcast television cameras for British television production companies as well as for the BBC, the commercial television ITV companies also used them alongside cameras made by Pye and Marconi. Exports of this piece of equipment were low, however, the company was also for many years an internationally respected manufacturer of photomultipliers. This part of the business was transferred to Thorn as part of Thorn-EMI, in 1958 the EMIDEC1100, the UKs first commercially available all-transistor computer, was developed at Hayes under the leadership of Godfrey Hounsfield, an electrical engineer at EMI. In 1973 EMI was awarded a prestigious Queens Award for Technological Innovation for what was called the EMI scanner. After brief, but brilliant, success in the imaging field, EMIs manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies. Subsequently, development and manufacturing activities were sold off to companies and work moved to other towns such as Crawley. Emihus Electronics, based in Glenrothes, Scotland, was owned 51% by Hughes Aircraft, of California, US and it manufactured integrated circuits electrolytic capacitors and, for a short period in the mid-1970s, hand-held calculators under the Gemini name. Early in its life, the Gramophone Company established subsidiary operations in a number of countries in the British Commonwealth, including India, Australia. Over 150,000 78-rpm recordings from around the world are held in EMIs temperature-controlled archive in Hayes, in 1931, the year the company was formed, it opened the legendary recording studios at Abbey Road, London. During the 1930s and 1940s, its roster of artists included Arturo Toscanini, Sir Edward Elgar, during this time EMI appointed its first A&R managers. These included George Martin, who brought the Beatles into the EMI fold. When the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1931, at this point RCA had a majority shareholding in the new company, giving RCA chair David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board
26.
The Salvation Army
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The Salvation Army is a Christian Protestant church and international charitable organisation structured in a quasi-military fashion. The organisation reports a membership of over 1.5 million, consisting of soldiers, officers. Its founders Catherine and William Booth sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute and it is present in 127 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief and humanitarian aid to developing countries. The theology of the Salvation Army is derived from that of Methodism although it is distinctive in institution, the Armys doctrine is typical of evangelical Protestant denominations. The Armys purposes are the advancement of the Christian religion, of education, the relief of poverty, and other charitable objects beneficial to society or the community of mankind as a whole. The Army was founded in 1865 in London by one-time Methodist circuit-preacher William Booth as the East London Christian Mission, in 1878 Booth reorganised the mission, becoming its first General and introducing the military structure which has been retained to the present day. The current world leader of The Salvation Army is General André Cox, the Salvation Army was founded in Londons East End in 1865 by one-time Methodist Reform Church minister William Booth and his wife Catherine as the East London Christian Mission. The name The Salvation Army developed from an incident on 19 and 20 May, William Booth was dictating a letter to his secretary George Scott Railton and said, We are a volunteer army. Bramwell Booth heard his father and said, Volunteer, Im no volunteer, Im a regular. Railton was instructed to cross out the volunteer and substitute the word salvation. The Salvation Army was modelled after the military, with its own flag and its own hymns, often with words set to popular, Booth and the other soldiers in Gods Army would wear the Armys own uniform, for meetings and ministry work. He became the General and his ministers were given appropriate ranks as officers. When William Booth became known as the General, Catherine is known as the Mother of The Salvation Army, William preached to the poor, and Catherine spoke to the wealthy, gaining financial support for their work. She also acted as a minister, which was unusual at the time. William Booth described the approach, The three ‘Ss’ best expressed the way in which the Army administered to the down and outs, first, soup, second, soap. In 1880, the Salvation Army started its work in three countries, Australia, Ireland, and the United States. When the first official officers arrived in Australia and the United States, they found groups of Salvationists already waiting for them and started working with each other. The Booths did not include the use of sacraments in the Armys form of worship, other beliefs are that its members should completely refrain from drinking alcohol, smoking, taking illegal drugs and gambling
27.
Brian Wilson
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Brian Douglas Wilson is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer best known for being the multi-tasking leader and co-founder of the rock band the Beach Boys. After signing with Capitol Records in 1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits for the group, in the mid-1960s, Wilson composed, arranged and produced Pet Sounds, considered one of the greatest albums ever made. The intended follow-up to Pet Sounds, Smile, was canceled for various reasons, as he suffered repeated nervous breakdowns, Wilsons contributions to the Beach Boys diminished, and his erratic behavior led to tensions with the band. He remains a member of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Incorporated, Wilsons work with the Beach Boys helped raise pop music to the level of high art. Wilson effectively set a precedent that allowed bands and artists to enter a recording studio and his songs became inextricably tied with the zeitgeist of the early 1960s, and he helped develop the sound of the wistful Flower Power era that proceeded. In later years, Wilson was regarded as a godfather to an era of musicians who were inspired by his melodic sensibilities, chamber pop orchestrations. His honors include being inducted into the 1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and winning Grammy Awards for Brian Wilson Presents Smile and The Smile Sessions. In lists published by Rolling Stone, Wilson ranked 52 for the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2008 and 12 for the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015. In 2012, music publication NME ranked Wilson number 8 in its 50 Greatest Producers Ever list and he is an occasional actor and voice actor, having appeared in television shows, films, and other artists music videos. His life was portrayed in the 2014 biopic Love & Mercy, Brian Douglas Wilson was born on June 20,1942, at Centinela Hospital in Inglewood, California, the son of Audree Neva and Murry Wilson. He was the eldest of three boys, his brothers were Dennis and Carl. He has English, Swedish, Dutch, German, and Irish ancestry, when Brian was two, the family moved from Inglewood to 3701 West 119th Street in nearby Hawthorne, California. Murry Wilson said, He was very clever and quick, I just fell in love with him. At about age two, Brian heard George Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue, which had an emotional impact on him. A few years later, he was discovered to have diminished hearing in his right ear. The exact cause of hearing loss is unclear, though theories range from him simply being born partially deaf to a blow to the head from his father, or a neighborhood bully. While Brians father Murry was ostensibly a reasonable provider, he was often abusive, a minor musician and songwriter, he also encouraged his children in this field in numerous ways. At an early age, Brian was given six weeks of lessons on a toy accordion and, at seven and eight, at Hawthorne High School, Brian was on the football team as a quarterback, played baseball and was a cross-country runner in his senior year
28.
The Beach Boys
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The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
29.
Melody Maker
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Melody Maker was a British weekly pop/rock/disco music newspaper, one of the worlds earliest music weeklies. It was founded in 1926, largely as a magazine for dance band musicians, by Leicester-born composer, publisher Lawrence Wright, in 2000 it was merged into long-standing rival New Musical Express. Originally the Melody Maker concentrated on jazz, and had Max Jones, one of the leading British proselytizers for that music and it was slow to cover rock and roll and lost ground to the New Musical Express, which had begun in 1952. MM began its Melody Maker LP charts in November 1958, two years after the Record Mirror published the first UK Albums Chart, MM had larger and more specialised advertising, soon-to-be well-known groups would advertise for musicians. It ran pages devoted to minority interests like folk and jazz, a 1968 Melody Maker poll named John Peel best radio DJ, attention which John Walters revealed may have helped Peel keep his job despite concerns at BBC Radio 1 about Peels style and record selection. Melody Maker supported glam rock and progressive rock in the 1970s, Coleman had been insistent that the paper should look like The Daily Telegraph, but Williams wanted the paper to look more contemporary. He commissioned a design, but this was rejected by Coleman. During this period Melody Maker was described as the journal. In January 1972, in a moment for rock journalism. It was during this interview that Bowie claimed, Im gay, OH YOU PRETTY THING ran the headline, and swiftly became part of pop mythology. Bowie later attributed his success to this interview, stating that, Yeah and it was that piece by Mick Watts. During his tenure at the paper, Watts also toured with and interviewed artists including Syd Barrett, Waylon Jennings, Pink Floyd, Bob Dylan, in 1980, after a strike which had taken the paper out of publication for a period, Williams left MM. Several journalists, such as Chris Bohn and Vivien Goldman, moved to NME, Coleman left in 1981, the papers design was updated, but sales and prestige were at a low ebb through the early 1980s, with NME dominant. While MM continued to devote most space to rock and indie music, it covered techno, rap and post rock, two of the papers writers, Push and Ben Turner, went on to launch IPC Medias monthly dance music magazine Muzik. The paper printed harsh criticism of Ocean Colour Scene and Kula Shaker, in 1992, they gave a French rock band called Darlin a negative review calling them a daft punky thrash. Darlin eventually became the music duo Daft Punk. The magazine retained its large classified ads section, and remained the first call for musicians wanting to form a band, Suede formed through ads placed in the paper. In early 1997, Allan Jones left to edit Uncut and he was replaced by Mark Sutherland, formerly of NME and Smash Hits, who thus fulfilled boyhood dream and stayed on to edit the magazine for three years
30.
University of Southampton
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The University of Southampton is a public research university located in Southampton, England. The origins of the university back to the founding of the Hartley Institution in 1862 following a legacy to the Corporation of Southampton by Henry Robinson Hartley. In 1902, the Institution developed into the Hartley University College awarding degrees from the University of London, on 29 April 1952, the institution was granted a Royal Charter to give the University of Southampton full university status, allowing it to award its own degrees. The university has seven teaching campuses, in addition, the university operates a School of Art based in nearby Winchester and an international branch in Malaysia offering courses in Engineering. Each campus is equipped with its own library facilities, the University of Southampton currently has 17,485 undergraduate and 7,390 postgraduate students, making it the largest university by higher education students in the South East region. The university owns and operates a sports ground at nearby Wide Lane for use by students, besides being recognised as one of the leading research universities in the UK, Southampton has also achieved consistently high scores for its teaching and learning activities. It additionally has one of the highest proportions of income derived from activities in Britain. As of 2015, Southampton is one of the few universities to achieve a top 20 UK position in the most established national and international rankings, in the 2016 edition of U. S. News & World Report, Southampton is placed in the top 10 of British Universities. Southampton is a member of the European University Association, the Association of Commonwealth Universities and is an institution of the Worldwide Universities Network. The university consistently ranks in the top 5 in Engineering programs in England, the University of Southampton has its origin as the Hartley Institution which was formed in 1862 from a benefaction by Henry Robinson Hartley. Hartley had inherited a fortune from two generations of successful wine merchants, at his death in 1850, he left a bequest of £103,000 to the Southampton Corporation for the study and advancement of the sciences in his property on Southamptons High Street, in the city centre. Hartley was a straggler, who had little liking of the new age docks. He did not desire to create a college for many but a centre for Southamptons intellectual elite. After lengthy legal challenges to the Bequest, and a debate as to how best interpret the language of his Will. On 15 October 1862, the Hartley Institute was opened by the Prime Minister Lord Palmerston in a civic occasion which exceeded in splendor anything that anyone in the town could remember. After initial years of struggle, the Hartley Institute became the Hartley College in 1883. This move was followed by increasing numbers of students, teaching staff, in 1902, the Hartley College became the Hartley University college, a degree awarding branch of the University of London. This was after inspection of the teaching and finances by the University College Grants Committee, an increase in student numbers in the following years motivated fund raising efforts to move the college to greenfield land around Back Lane in the Highfield area of Southampton
31.
It Would Be So Nice
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It Would Be So Nice is a 1968 song by the rock band, Pink Floyd, written by the keyboard player/singer Richard Wright. It was the single released by the group. Its B-side, Julia Dream, was written by the bass guitarist Roger Waters and was also re-released on The Early Singles, according to a newspaper story published in 1968, there are two versions of the original single with slightly different lyrics. The story goes that the first lyric had a reference to the London evening newspaper. This was said to be banned by the BBC because of a strict no-advertising policy which did not allow the mention of any product by name. The group was forced to spend time and expense to record a special version for the BBC which changed the lyric to Daily Standard. This version is the one that has been reissued on LP. It is unknown how many of the Evening Standard discs, if any, despite the added publicity the single received very little airplay and failed to enter the UK Singles Chart. Waters own compositional efforts, however, were more promising. Julia Dream, the singles B-side, crystallized much the problem, though the band evidently wanted to maintain the Syd Barrett aesthetic. Nick Mason was even more vocal than Waters in his dislike for the song, Mason, Fucking awful, at that period we had no direction. We were being hustled about to hit singles. Theres so many people saying its important you start to think it is important and it is possible on an LP to do exactly what we want to do. Roger Waters, Live bookings seem to depend on whether or not you have a record in the Top Ten, I dont like It Would Be So Nice. I dont like the song or the way its sung, in fact what you do is exactly what was done - you make as much press out of it as possible. You ring up the Evening Standard and say, Did you know that the BBC wont play our record because it mentions your paper, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
32.
BBC Radio
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BBC Radio is an operational business division and service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The service provides national radio stations covering the majority of genres, as well as local radio stations covering local news, affairs. It also oversees online audio content, of the national radio stations, BBC Radio 1,2,3,4 and 5 Live are all available through analogue radio as well as on DAB Digital Radio and internet services through RealMedia, WMA and BBC iPlayer. The remaining stations, BBC Radio 1Xtra,4 Extra,5 Live Sports Extra and 6 Music, all of the BBCs national radio stations broadcast from bases in London, usually in or near to Broadcasting House in Marylebone. However, the BBCs network production units located in Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, the BBCs radio services began in 1922. Today radio broadcasting still makes up a part of the corporations output - the title of the BBCs listings magazine, Radio Times. On 1 January 1927 the British Broadcasting Company was succeeded in control of the airwaves by the British Broadcasting Corporation. John Reith, who had been the managing director of the commercial company. He expounded firm principles of centralised, all-encompassing radio broadcasting, stressing programming standards and these he set out in his autobiography, Broadcast Over Britain, influencing modern ideas of public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom. To this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate, although no other broadcasting organisation was licensed in the UK until 1973, commercial competition soon opened up from overseas. The English language service of Radio Luxembourg began in 1933 as one of the earliest commercial radio broadcasting to Britain. The IBC began leasing time on transmitters in continental Europe and then reselling it as sponsored English-language programming aimed at audiences in Britain and it was an important forerunner of pirate radio and modern commercial radio in the United Kingdom. The onset of World War II silenced all but one of the original IBC stations, at the start of the Second World War it was renamed The Overseas Service but is now known as the BBC World Service. Beginning in 1964 the first in what became a fleet of 10 offshore pirate radio stations began to ring the British coastline, by 1967 millions were tuning into these commercial operations and the BBC was rapidly losing its radio listening audience. The British government reacted by passing the Marine Offences Act, which all, One of the stations called Radio London was so successful that the BBC was told to copy it as best they could. This led to an overhaul by Frank Gillard the BBCs Director of Radio of the BBC output creating the four analogue channels that still form the basis of its broadcasting today. The creator of BBC Radio One told the press that his family had been fans of Radio London, the BBC hired many out-of-work broadcasting staff who had come from the former offshore stations. Tony Blackburn who presented the very first BBC Radio One morning show had previously presented the morning show on Radio Caroline
33.
Top Gear (radio show)
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Top Gear was a radio show known for its specially recorded sessions in addition to playing records. It began life in the mid-1960s and was revived with a rock focus in 1967. The programme was first broadcast on 16 July 1964, produced by Bernie Andrews, the name, Top Gear, had been chosen after a national competition. The winning entry had been submitted by a woman called Susan Warne. The guests on that first show included The Beatles, Mark Wynter and it was revived, and evolved into a progressive music show, in the early years of BBC Radio 1, with the same format of records and specially recorded sessions. In 1971, the merged with the Sounds of the Seventies strand. It was still introduced by Peel, and moved from its slot to two evenings a week. It ended when the BBC, facing a financial crisis, was forced to make cutbacks in the Radio One schedules. On this show, Peel spoke of how influential and fashionable the programme had been in its heyday and he continued to be influential, hosting similar programmes of records and sessions for the BBC until his death in 2004. Selling the sixties, the pirates and pop music radio
34.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
35.
Interstellar Overdrive
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Interstellar Overdrive is an instrumental composition written and performed by Pink Floyd. The song was written in 1966, and is listed on their album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, released in 1967. The song originated when guitarist Syd Barrett heard the bands manager Peter Jenner humming a song, musically sharing the same theme with Astronomy Domine, the piece was recorded in several takes between March and April 1967. Other versions of the track appear on various bootleg recordings, the piece has been covered by acts such as T. Rex, Pearl Jam, Hawkwind, the Melvins, and Simon House. Interstellar Overdrive was one of the very first psychedelic instrumental improvisations recorded by a rock band and it was seen as Pink Floyds first foray into space rock, although band members would later disparage this term. Interstellar Overdrive originated when early Pink Floyd manager Peter Jenner was trying to hum a song he could not remember the name of, guitarist and vocalist Syd Barrett followed Jenners humming with his guitar and used it as the basis for the principal melody of Interstellar Overdrive. Bassist Roger Waters once told Barrett that the songs riff reminded him of the tune from Steptoe. Around the time the song was written, Barrett was also inspired by AMM and their guitarist Keith Rowe, the free-form section was inspired by Frank Zappas free-form freak-outs and The Byrds Eight Miles High. Interstellar Overdrive shares an emphasis on chromaticism with Astronomy Domine, the main theme descends chromatically from B to G, before resolving to E, all chords major. The opening hook of the piece is a distorted, descending riff, played by Barrett, its composer, with Waters on bass. Nick Masons drums then kick in, and after the riff repeats itself a bit, the track turns into improvisation, including modal improvisations, flourishes on the Farfisa organ, the song gradually becomes almost structureless and in free-form tempo, punctuated only by strange guitar noises. Eventually, however, the entire band restates the main theme, Waters once called the song an abstract piece. A bass riff in the later evolved into another Pink Floyd song, Let There Be More Light. The stereo version of the song has an organ moving from speaker to speaker, the effect is lost on the version of the song. However, the organ is very prominent during the first 50 seconds of the mono version—along with some special effects—but inaudible in the mix until the improvised section. So Interstellar Overdrive was the weird shit. and again, hats off to Norman for letting them do that, a delay effect was created by producer Norman Smith by superimposing a second version of the song over a previous version. Smith played the drum roll on the song, the studio recording on The Piper at the Gates of Dawn is the one that most listeners are familiar with, yet several other versions survive from both the recording studio and the stage. It was first recorded as a demo on 31 October 1966 and this version was used as the audio sound to the film San Francisco, which was made by a friend of Barretts, Anthony Stern
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