1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Duran Duran
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Duran Duran are an English new wave and synthpop band formed in Birmingham in 1978. The band grew from alternative sensations in 1982 to mainstream pop stars by 1984, by the end of the decade, membership and music style changes challenged the band before a resurgence in the early 1990s. The group were a band in the MTV-driven Second British Invasion of the US. They have placed 14 singles in the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart and 21 in the Billboard Hot 100, when they first emerged, they were generally considered part of the New Romantic scene, along with bands such as Spandau Ballet. Soon they would shed this image, using fashion and marketing to build a more refined and they were also awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The video age catapulted Duran Duran into the mainstream with the introduction of the 24-hour music channel MTV, many of their videos were shot on 35 mm film, which gave a much more polished look than was standard at the time. They also collaborated with film directors to take the quality a step further. In 1984, the band were early innovators with video technology in their stadium shows. These five members featured the most commercially successful line-up, the reunion of the original five members in the early 2000s created a stir among the bands fans and music media. Andy Taylor left the once again in mid-2006, and guitarist Dom Brown has since been working with the band as a session player. John Taylor and Nick Rhodes formed Duran Duran in Birmingham, England in 1978, at the club they were doing jobs such as John working the door and with Nick deejaying for £10 a night. They began rehearsing and regularly playing at the venue, There were many nearby nightclubs, and the one significant one, where bands such as The Sex Pistols and The Clash played gigs, was called Barbarellas. They would go on to name the band after a character from Barbarella, the character, played by Milo OShea, is named Dr. Durand Durand. The bands first singer was Stephen Duffy, Simon Colley soon joined Taylor, Rhodes and Duffy. Colley was the original bass player, as John Taylor was the guitarist at this point. This was the first complete line-up of the band played live shows. For drums and percussion, a drum machine belonging to Rhodes was used. Colley left the prior to the addition of Andy Taylor
3.
A View to a Kill (soundtrack)
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A View to a Kill is the soundtrack for the film of the same name, the 14th installment in the James Bond film series. The theme song A View to a Kill, was written by John Barry and Duran Duran, a View to a Kill is the most successful Bond theme to date. In 1986 Barry and Duran Duran were nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The single was released in May 1985, and on July 13 it hit one on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. On May 25, it made it to two in the UK Singles Chart, also a record for Bond themes until Writings on the Wall by Sam Smith made it to number one in 2015. The b-side was an instrumental piece orchestrated by John Barry, titled A View To A Kill, the song was the last track that the original five members of Duran Duran recorded together until 2001. The singer ends the video with a parody of James Bond, the film features Vivaldis The Four Seasons, which is performed during the reception that 007 attends undercover at Zorins stud in France. In the remastered CD edition, the 3rd track is incorrectly labeled May Day Jumpers on the back of the case, composer John Barry utilizes four leitmotifs on the soundtrack, that recurs in two or more of the tracks listed. One is pinned to the songs by Duran Duran, one is pinned to henchwoman May Day, one is pinned to the action set-pieces. Such themes were occasionally reused, such as his 007 theme, originally composed for From Russia With Love, the action theme composed for this film is easily a memorable as those secondary themes he used in You Only Live Twice, Diamonds Are Forever among others. A View To A Kill Theme 1, a View to a Kill “Set-piece Theme”2. Golden Gate Fight May Day Motif 3, Golden Gate Fight Pegasus’ Theme 5
4.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
5.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
6.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
7.
Synthpop
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Synth-pop is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the Krautrock of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestras success opened the way for bands such as P-Model, Plastics. The development of polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI. This, its adoption by the acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV. Synth-pop is sometimes deployed interchangeably with electropop, but electropop may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places emphasis on a harder. In the late 1980s duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was successful on the US dance-charts. Some artists and bands were criticised for gender bending, Synth-pop was defined by its primary use of synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but, many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic progression to speak of. Early synth-pop has been described as eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing, using droning electronics with little change in inflection, common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban anomie, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow. Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras, thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound. Lyrics were generally optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism. According to music writer Simon Reynolds, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its emotional, at times operatic singers such as Marc Almond, Alison Moyet and Annie Lennox. Because synthesizers removed the need for groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation. Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style influenced by other genres. Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, the portable Minimoog, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance was widely adopted by progressive rock musicians such as Richard Wright of Pink Floyd and Rick Wakeman of Yes
8.
EMI Records
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The label was later launched worldwide. Records Ltd. legal entity was created in 1957 as the record manufacturing and it oversaw EMIs various labels, including The Gramophone Co. Ltd. Columbia Graphophone Company, and Parlophone Co. Ltd, in July 1965, the standalone EMI Record companies were extracted from E. M. I. Records Ltd. and folded into The Gramophone Company Ltd, on 1 July 1973, The Gramophone Co. Ltd. was renamed EMI Records Ltd. Records Ltd. was wound down and its activities were absorbed into EMI Records Ltd, earlier, on 1 January 1973, all of The Gramophone Company Ltd. pop labels had been rebranded as EMI. EMI Records then signed new acts that became global successes, Kraftwerk, Renaissance, Queen, Olivia Newton-John, Iron Maiden, Kate Bush, Sheena Easton, Pink Floyd, in 1997, EMI Records American division was folded into Virgin Records. In 2010, EMI Records opened a music division, EMI Records Nashville, which includes on its roster Troy Olsen, Alan Jackson, Kelleigh Bannen. EMI Records Nashville is a label to the Capitol Nashville unit of Universal Music Group. EMI Christian Music Group was renamed Capitol Christian Music Group, EMI Classics was sold to Warner Music Group on February 2013. After EU regulatory approval, EMI Classics was absorbed into Warner Classics on July 2013, abbey Road Studios List of record labels
9.
Capitol Records
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Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra
10.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
11.
John Barry (composer)
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John Barry Prendergast, OBE was an English composer and conductor of film music. He composed the scores for 11 of the James Bond films between 1963 and 1987, and also arranged and performed the James Bond Theme to the first film in the series, in 1999, he was appointed OBE at Buckingham Palace for services to music. Born in York, Barry spent his years working in cinemas owned by his father. During his national service with the British Army in Cyprus, Barry began performing as a musician after learning to play the trumpet, upon completing his national service, he formed his own band in 1957, The John Barry Seven. He later developed an interest in composing and arranging music, making his début for television in 1958. He came to the notice of the makers of the first James Bond film Dr. No and this started a successful association between Barry and Eon Productions which lasted for 25 years. He received many awards for his work, including five Academy Awards, two for Born Free, and one each for The Lion in Winter, Dances with Wolves and Out of Africa. He also received ten Golden Globe Award nominations, winning once for Best Original Score for Out of Africa in 1986, Barry completed his last film score, Enigma, in 2001 and recorded the successful album Eternal Echoes the same year. He then concentrated chiefly on live performances and co-wrote the music to the musical Brighton Rock in 2004 alongside Don Black and he was made a Fellow of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2005. Barry was married four times and had four children and he moved to the United States in 1975 and lived there for the remainder of his life until his death in 2011. Barry was born John Barry Prendergast, in York, England, and was the son of an English mother and his mother was a classical pianist. His father, John Xavier Jack Prendergast, from Cork, was a projectionist during the silent film era, who later owned a chain of cinemas across northern England. As a result of his fathers work, Barry was raised in and around cinemas in northern England and he stated that this childhood background influenced his musical tastes. Barry was educated at St Peters School, York, and also received lessons from Francis Jackson. Serving in the British Army, Barry spent his national service playing the trumpet, the career breakthrough for Barry was the BBC television series Drumbeat, when he appeared with the John Barry Seven. He was employed by EMI from 1959 until 1962 arranging orchestral accompaniment for the singers, including Adam Faith, he also composed songs. When Faith made his first film, Beat Girl, Barry composed, arranged and conducted the score and his music was later released as the UKs first soundtrack album. Barry also composed the music for another Faith film, Never Let Go, orchestrated the score for Mix Me a Person, in 1962, Barry transferred to Ember Records, where he produced albums as well as arranging them
12.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
13.
Bernard Edwards
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Bernard Edwards was an American bass player, singer, songwriter and record producer, both as a member of the funk/disco band Chic and on his own projects. Edwards, who was born in Greenville, North Carolina, and grew up in Brooklyn, New York City, the two formed the Big Apple Band and then united with drummer Tony Thompson to eventually form Chic together with singer Norma Jean Wright. With Chic, Edwards created era-defining hits such as Dance, Dance, Dance, Everybody Dance, Le Freak, I Want Your Love, Edwards also worked with Nile Rodgers to produce and write for other artists, using Chic to perform everything musically and vocally except lead vocals. Those productions with Norma Jean Wright, Sister Sledge, Sheila and B. Devotion, Diana Ross, Johnny Mathis, Debbie Harry and Fonzi Thornton led to more such as Saturday, Hes The Greatest Dancer, We Are Family, Spacer, Upside Down, Im Coming Out. In the song We Are Family, Kathy Sledge gives Edwards a brief shout-out, singing Yeah, come on Bernard, play. play your funky bass, boy. As a lone songwriter/producer, he gave Diana Ross her Top 15 hit, Telephone off of her 1985 platinum Swept Away album released on RCA and Ross international label, Capitol-EMI. Edwards released an album in 1983, and in 1985 he was instrumental in the formation of the supergroup Power Station. The bands first album was produced by Edwards and featured Chic drummer Tony Thompson, Edwards followed this by producing Robert Palmers hit album Riptide. He continued to produce throughout the 1980s and 90s. Among others, he worked with Diana Ross, Adam Ant, Rod Stewart, Grayson Hugh, Air Supply, ABC, Edwards was the father of multi-platinum record producer Bernard Focus. Edwards, Jr. who has produced songs for Jennifer Lopez, Beyoncé, Busta Rhymes, Bishop Lamont, Tony Yayo, Edwards teamed up with Nile Rodgers again for the Chic reunion in the early 1990s and released the album Chic-Ism in 1992. In 1996 Nile Rodgers was named JT Superproducer of the Year in Japan, just before the concert at the Budokan Arena in Tokyo, Edwards fell ill, but despite Rodgers insistence, refused to cancel the gig. He managed to perform but had to be helped at times, at one point, Edwards blacked out for a few seconds before resuming his playing. Rodgers assumed the absence of bass was an improvisation and did not learn the truth until after the show. After the concert, Nile went to check on Bernard and asked how he was doing, to which he replied Im fine and this was the last time Nile spoke to Bernard. Edwards retired to his room where he was later found dead by Rodgers. The cause of death was ruled to be pneumonia, Edwards final performance was later issued as the album Live at the Budokan
14.
The Wild Boys (song)
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The Wild Boys is the twelfth single by Duran Duran, released in October 1984. The song was the studio track on the live album Arena, and was produced by Nile Rodgers. It was recorded at the end of July 1984 at Maison Rouge studios in London and it peaked at #2 on the UK Singles Chart, and also reached the top position in Germany, Italy and on the Canadian CHUM Chart. It became the bands biggest charting single in Australia, reaching #3, the bands parent album, Arena, was certified Double Platinum in the United States. He suggested that the band create a modern soundtrack for the film in the same way that Queen would later provide a rock soundtrack for Mulcahys 1986 movie Highlander. Singer Simon Le Bon began writing some lyrics based on Mulcahys quick synopsis of the book, the single was issued with six separate collectible covers – one featuring each individual band member and one of the band collectively. The video for The Wild Boys was directed by Russell Mulcahy, the choreography of dance routines was undertaken by Arlene Phillips, including intricate stunts and fire effects added to the cost. Mulcahy meant the video to be a teaser for his full-length Burroughs film, demonstrating his vision to the studios he was wooing. He was given a tube to breathe through and the issue was promptly fixed, Le Bon himself has dismissed this story in more than one interview as an urban myth, claiming nothing of the sort happened. The Wild Boys was named Best British Video at the 1985 BRIT Awards, the 8,0012 Wilder Than Wild Boys extended mix, the only official contemporaneous remix, is actually the full length version. It continues after the album/single versions fade out with another instrumental section and this mix was also used for the full length promo video. The original single B-side, Cracks In The Pavement, was recorded at the 5 March 1984 show at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto and this is the same concert where the video for The Reflex was filmed. The Wild Boys –4,14 Cracks In The Pavement –4,00 Track 2 recorded live at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto,5 March 1984. Also released in sleeves featuring individual band members The Wild Boys –8,00 The Wild Boys –4,16 Cracks In The Pavement –4,08 Track 3 recorded live at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto,5 March 1984. The Wild Boys –4,14 Cracks In The Pavement –4,00 Track 2 recorded live at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto,5 March 1984. The Wild Boys –8,00 The Wild Boys –4,16 Cracks In The Pavement –4,08 Track 3 recorded live at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto,5 March 1984. The Wild Boys –4,16 Cracks In The Pavement –4,08 The Wild Boys –8,00 Track 2 recorded live at Maple Leaf Gardens, a sample of the phrase Boys was used as part of the Girls. Chorus on the bands 1989 megamix single Burning the Ground, the song has long been the entrance music used by mixed martial arts legend Mirko Filipović
15.
Notorious (Duran Duran song)
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Notorious is the 14th single by Duran Duran. It was released internationally by EMI on 20 October 1986, Notorious was the first single issued from the album Notorious, and the first released by Duran Duran as a 3-piece band after the departure of Roger and Andy Taylor. It was a worldwide, reaching #7 in the UK, and #2 on the US Billboard Hot 100, behind Walk Like an Egyptian by The Bangles. Notorious marked the debut of the new streamlined trio version of Duran Duran, as Andy Taylor, in fact, the acrimonious nature of Andy Taylors departure was reflected in the song to a certain degree. According to songwriter Simon Le Bon, the lyric Who really gives a damn for a bandit was a direct dig at the guitarist. As a trio, the band had enlisted the help of Nile Rodgers to take over production duties and his funk influences can be heard throughout the single - for example, the tempo and the use of The Borneo Horns brass section. Rodgers also played the guitar on the single, the video was shot in black and white Super-8 with a hand-held camera, with quick cuts and changes of zoom and focus. It featured the band performing the song on a sound stage. The young model Christy Turlington appeared in scenes with the band. A still photo from this location was used as the cover of the album Notorious, for the first time, the B-side to the 7 single was not an original recording, Winter Marches On was an unaltered version of the Notorious album track. Before this, Duran Duran had always provided either completely original songs or previously unheard remixes on the B-side, as a first for the band, Notorious was released as two separate 12 singles. The first had a Nile Rodgers produced Extended Mix while the featured a remix by The Latin Rascals. This version is available on the Disconet Dance Classics Volume 3 CD, by the next night, CHOM had received enough requests for the song that it supplanted Amanda from the #1 spot on the stations nightly countdown show, The Top Six At Six. Appears at the end of the trailer for the film Notorious The Notorious B. I. G. s 1999 posthumous rap hit Notorious B. I. G, chic perform the song during their concert with Kimberly Davis and Folami on lead vocals
16.
Greatest (Duran Duran album)
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Greatest is a greatest hits compilation album released in 1998 by the band Duran Duran. Greatest was an update of the 1989 tenth anniversary album, Decade. The new release included songs from their eponymous album through 1997s Medazzaland. To coincide with the release of the Greatest album in the United Kingdom and this track was originally released as a single in North America in 1997 to promote the Medazzaland album. As of 2008, the collection had sold 1.3 million copies in the United States, to date, a full collection of Duran Durans singles on one album still hasnt been released. Is There Something I Should Know and it was not released on DVD at the time. The video album, Greatest was certified platinum by the RIAA on January 29,2004, Planet Earth Girls on Film The Chauffeur Hungry Like the Wolf Save a Prayer Rio Is There Something I Should Know. A) Girls on Film, Plays alternately after watching the long uncensored version, b) Union of the Snake, Go to the Union of the Snake in the sub menu, then press the left arrow-button to access an icon, then press play/enter. C) New Moon on Monday, After playing the default, first version, return to the title, a) Planet Earth, Select the Duran Duran album shot, then the Planet Earth single shot. Highlight the bottom pack shot, and press left arrow button on remote and this will take you to a hot spot, press play/enter. B) A Day in the Life featurette 2,26, Select the Rio album shot, highlight My Own Way single shot, then press right arrow key which will highlight a hot spot. C) Girls on Film, Select the Duran Duran album shot, then the Girls on Film single shot, go to the word Play at bottom and press play/enter. D) Midsummer Nights Tube Feature, Select the Seven album shot, highlight the word next, e) Wild Boys Interview, Select the Arena album shot, then the Wild Boys single shot. Highlight the word play, press up arrow key which will highlight a hot spot, f) View to a Kill Interview, Select the View to a Kill single shot, highlight the word play, press right arrow to highlight a hot spot. From the main menu, enter the Galerie by selecting the A in the word GREATEST, a) Liberty album Electronic Press Kit, Select the Liberty album shot, highlight the Serious single shot, press up arrow key. This will take you to a hot spot, press play/enter, the EPK contains the full length video for Violence of Summer b) Serious, Select the Liberty album shot, then the Serious single shot. Highlight the word album, press right arrow key and this will take you to a hot spot, press play/enter. This may not work on some DVD players, selecting the title serious as a track will also play the multi-angle video
17.
The Reflex
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The Reflex is the eleventh single by Duran Duran, released worldwide on 16 April 1984. The song was remixed for single release and was the third and last to be taken from their third album Seven. The Reflex became the bands most successful single and it was their second single to top the UK Singles Chart, after Is There Something I Should Know. in 1983, topping the chart on 5 May, and would prove to be their last UK no.1. The single entered the charts in America on 21 April 1984 at no,46, became Duran Durans first of two singles to hit no.1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 on 23 June 1984, and was a huge hit internationally. It was also the first of two songs that kept Dancing in the Dark by Bruce Springsteen out of the top spot, the remixes for both the 7 and 12 singles were created by Nile Rodgers, of Chic fame. It was his first work with the band, and he would go on to produce The Wild Boys single as well as the album Notorious. Producer Ian Little recalled the sound Nick Rhodes came up with on his Roland Jupiter-8 keyboard. whenever I hear that steel-drum part it always brings a smile to my face because its so out of tune. Steel drums always are, but it was right in terms of rhythm. So a wood-block sound was mixed in to make it even more percussive and, successfully, the video for The Reflex was shot during the Sing Blue Silver tour at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario on 5 March 1984. Director Russell Mulcahy filmed some of the footage in the indoor arena that afternoon. The Reflex is primarily a video, accurately portraying Duran Durans Sing Blue Silver tour performance style. At one point, a appears to pour out of the video screen above the stage to soak the audience. The computer graphics used to achieve this were typical at the time, keyboard enthusiasts have taken special note of the Fairlight CMI that Nick Rhodes operated with a light pen in this video, and throughout the tour. In addition to the 4,26 single remix, the 12 also included a remix of The Reflex. The live b-side Make Me Smile is a cover of a Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel song, recorded 16 November 1982 at Hammersmith Odeon in London, with lead Rebel Steve Harley joining the band onstage. A second live b-side released on the US single, New Religion, was recorded 7 February 1984 at The Forum in Los Angeles and this is not the same live version that appears on the Arena album. The Reflex –4,20 Make Me Smile –4,54 The Reflex –6,35 The Reflex –4,20 Make Me Smile –4,54 The Reflex –4,25 New Religion –4,52 The Dance Mix-Edited is the version as the regular 7. The Reflex –6,35 The Reflex –4,25 The Dance Mix-Edited is the version as the regular 7
18.
Ordinary World
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Ordinary World is the first single from Duran Durans self-titled 1993 album, better known as The Wedding Album. The single reached number one on the U. S, Hot 100 Airplay, the Mainstream Top 40 and the Canadian Singles Chart. It also peaked at three in the Billboard Hot 100, No.2 on the U. S. Alternative rock chart and number six on the UK Singles Chart, the song won an Ivor Novello Award in May 1994. Lead vocalist Simon Le Bon later sang the song with Luciano Pavarotti, to children affected by war in Bosnia. By the early 1990s, Duran Durans popularity had faded and their album Liberty had proved a commercial failure, its two singles failing to make a significant showing on British or American charts. It was not until Capitol leaked Ordinary World to a station in Jacksonville. The single proved so popular that Capitol had to push the US release date up, the keyboards in the song were arranged and performed by Nick Rhodes and John Jones. The drums were played by Steve Ferrone at Maison Rouge, the guitar solo that characterizes this song was arranged and performed by Warren Cuccurullo, former player with Frank Zappa. His instrumental rock trio version became a staple of his shows and was included on one of his solo albums Roadrage. The music video was filmed by director Nick Egan at Huntington Gardens in San Marino, California, Simon LeBon later performed the song with Pavarotti at a WarChild benefit. The performance was released on video as Pavarotti & Friends. The lyrics to Ordinary World were written by Simon Le Bon as the second of a trilogy of songs for his late friend David Miles, the others being Do You Believe in Shame. and Out of My Mind. In a retrospective review of Ordinary World, AllMusic journalist Donald A. Guarisco described Simon LeBons vocal as being rich in emotion but tastefully restrained. Ordinary world is one of two Cucorullo-era songs which were played when Duran Duran did their reunion tour, both Andy Taylor and Roger Taylor insisting on playing it, cuccorullo was brought in to teach Andy Taylor how to play it. It has remained in the set list ever since and my Antarctica, a song from the bands previous album Liberty, featured as the main B-side of the Ordinary World single. Many other older singles were used as B-sides. To capitalise on the success of Ordinary World and the new Duran Duran fans it was finding and this mini-Decade was spread over the two CD singles released during the campaign
19.
All Time High
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All Time High is a 1983 single release by Rita Coolidge introduced as the theme song for the James Bond film Octopussy. All Time High marked the return of regular James Bond theme composer John Barry after his absence from the For Your Eyes Only soundtrack, the lyrics were written by Tim Rice and recording and mixing of the track is credited to Stephen Short. The soundtrack for Octopussy was recorded five days in early April 1983. The movies peculiar title negated the possibility of its song being based on its title. Instead Barry suggested that Rice submit six potential song titles, Rice was provided with a copy of the script for Octopussy and also viewed the shooting of some scenes from the movie at Pinewood Studios, Rice visiting Pinewood in mid-December 1982. However, on March 29,1983 Rita Coolidge was revealed at the singer, thats the voice I want for the movie. in the studio was still finishing the song. We were waiting for the lyrics as the track had already been done. All Time High was used as catch phrase in the promotion for its parent movie with posters advertising Octopussy as James Bonds all time high. Generally unmentioned in reviews for Octopussy, All Time High was cited by The Washington Post as inane. its silly Tim Rice lyrics sung with deadly lethargy by Rita Coolidge, in the US All Time High reached #36 on the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1983. Adult contemporary radio was more receptive, with All Time High spending four weeks at #1 as ranked by Billboard magazine. Coolidge had previously topped the Adult Contemporary chart in 1977 with Were All Alone, in the UK, All Time High rose no higher than #75 and remains the lowest charting James Bond theme. Additionally All Time High afforded Coolidge chart placements in Australia - #80, Canada - #38, New Zealand - #26, the track was also ranked at #48 in the annual hit parade tally for 1983 in Brazil. However Octopussy failed to accrue any Academy Award nominations, 1The Man with the Golden Gun by Lulu failed to chart in 1974 - at that time the chart was limited to the Top 50 - and Moonraker by Shirley Bassey fell short of the Top 75 in 1979. However Coolidge did state in 2006, It is a wonderful song, All Time High was not originally featured on Never Let You Go, the Rita Coolidge album released in October 1983 although it does occur on some pressings. Since 1998, All Time High has been included on several Coolidge anthology releases including a 2001 retrospective on Spectrum Records entitled All Time High, in 2012 Tim Rice described All Time High as not one of the most exciting Bond songs. just a nice, dreamy ballad. However, in 2006, when asked Which song has been the biggest earner in terms of royalties. Rice had first mentioned Dont Cry for Me Argentina, Can You Feel the Love Tonight and A Whole New World, then added, a dance version was recorded in 2006 by Kelly Llorenna. The song was referenced and then performed by Mark Wahlberg and Norah Jones in the film Ted, outline of James Bond List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1983 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
20.
The Living Daylights (song)
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The Living Daylights is a song performed by Norwegian pop group A-ha for the 1987 James Bond film of the same name. It was written by guitarist Pål Waaktaar, after first appearing in the context of the film, a revised version was included in the bands Stay on These Roads studio album, which came out in 1988. John Barry was listed on the credits as co-writer and producer, a second version of the song, re-worked by A-ha in 1988, later appeared on their third album, Stay on These Roads. The band prefers their version of the song to Barrys, when interviewed on a late-night show in 1987, Barry said that he found working with the band exhausting secondary to the bands insistence on using their own version of the song for release. In an interview with Hotrod Magazine, keyboardist Magne Furuholmen said that fight with Barry left an unpleasant aftertaste. Apparently, he compared us to Hitlerjugend in a newspaper interview, Waaktaar stated that although Barry produced the track, he never contributed to the songwriting process and should not have been credited as so. However, Waaktaar has also said, I loved the stuff he added to the track, I mean, it gave it this sort of really cool string arrangement. Thats when it, for me, started to sound like a Bond thing, the Living Daylights was released in the summer of 1987. The song peaked at five in the United Kingdom and number one in Norway. In live performances, Paul Waaktaar often included the main James Bond Theme in his guitar solo, evan Cater of Allmusic said the song was a strong sample of Seven and the Ragged Tiger-influenced Europop, enhanced by Morten Harkets powerhouse falsetto vocals. South African heavy metal band The Narrow released a version in 2005. The music video, which was directed by Steve Barron, was shot at the 007 Stage in London and it features various scenes from the film projected on to the band as they perform in an empty 007 stage. The Living Daylights -4,04 The Living Daylights -4,36 The Living Daylights -6,48 The Living Daylights -4,04 The Living Daylights -4,36 Track 1 is also known as Extended Version. Also released as a 12 picture disc Like other Bond themes before it, synthpop band, Pet Shop Boys also recorded a song for the film that was optioned to the studio. The duo later reworked the song they submitted into This Must Be the Place I Waited Years to Leave, James Bond music Outline of James Bond Music video for The Living Daylights Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
21.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
22.
James Bond
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The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz, published in September 2015, additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny. The character has also adapted for television, radio, comic strip, video games. As of 2017, there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series, the most recent Bond film, Spectre, stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond, he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also two independent productions of Bond films, Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again. In 2015, the franchise was estimated to be worth $19.9 billion, the Bond films are renowned for a number of features, including the musical accompaniment, with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions, and two wins. Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bonds cars, his guns, the films are also noted for Bonds relationships with various women, who are sometimes referred to as Bond girls. Ian Fleming created the character of James Bond as the central figure for his works. Bond is an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond is known by his number,007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. Among those types were his brother, Peter, who had involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway. Aside from Flemings brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bonds make up, including Conrad OBrien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill Biffy Dunderdale. The name James Bond came from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies. He further explained that, When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be a dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened. When I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, is the dullest name I ever heard. On another occasion, Fleming said, I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting, like Peregrine Carruthers. Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is certainly good-looking. Rather like Hoagy Carmichael in a way and that black hair falling down over the right eyebrow
23.
A View to a Kill
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A View to a Kill is the fourteenth spy film of the James Bond series, and the seventh and last to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Although the title is adapted from Ian Flemings short story From a View to a Kill, in A View to a Kill, Bond is pitted against Max Zorin, who plans to destroy Californias Silicon Valley. The film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson and it was the third James Bond film to be directed by John Glen, and the last to feature Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny. Christopher Walken was also praised for portraying a classic Bond villain, MI6 agent James Bond is sent to Siberia to locate the body of 003 and recover a microchip originating from the Soviet Union. Upon his return, Q analyses the microchip and establishes that it is a copy of one designed to withstand an electromagnetic pulse, Bond visits Ascot Racecourse to observe the companys owner, Max Zorin. Zorins horse wins a race but proves hard to control, Sir Godfrey Tibbett, a racehorse trainer and MI6 agent, believes that Zorins horse was drugged, although tests proved negative. Through Tibbett, Bond meets with French private detective Achille Aubergine who informs Bond that Zorin is holding a horse later in the month. During their dinner at the Eiffel Tower, Aubergine is assassinated by Zorins bodyguard May Day, Bond and Tibbett travel to Zorins estate for the horse sale. Bond is puzzled by a woman who rebuffs him and finds out that Zorin has written her a check for $5 million, at night, Bond and Tibbett break into Zorins laboratory and learn that he is implanting adrenaline-releasing devices in the horses. Zorin identifies Bond as an agent, has May Day assassinate Tibbett, General Gogol of the KGB confronts Zorin for killing Bond without permission and reveals that Zorin was initially trained and financed by the KGB but has now gone rogue. Later, Zorin unveils to a group of investors his plan to destroy Silicon Valley which will give him—and the potential investors—a monopoly over the microchip industry, Bond then investigates a nearby oil rig owned by Zorin and while there finds KGB agent Pola Ivanova recording Zorins conversation. Ivanovas partner Klolktoff is caputred and killed trying to place limpet mines on the rig. They go to her place where Bond is able to steal the recording, Bond tracks down the woman that Zorin attempted to pay off, State Geologist Stacey Sutton, and discovers that Zorin is trying to purchsae her familys oil business. The two travel to San Francisco City Hall to review Zorins submitted plan, Bond and Sutton survive the fire, but when the police prepare to arrest Bond for the murders of Howe and Chuck, he and Sutton escape in a fire truck. A larger bomb is also in the mine to destroy a lock that prevents the two faults from moving at the same time. Once the bombs are in place, Zorin and his security chief Scarpine flood the mines which kills the mine workers, Sutton escapes while Bond fights May Day. When May Day realizes that Zorin has abandoned her, she helps Bond remove the bomb by putting the device onto a handcar. The bomb then explodes which kills May Day, Zorin, who had escaped in his airship with Scarpine and Mortner, abducts Sutton as Bond grabs hold of the airships mooring rope
24.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
25.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
26.
Live Aid
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Live Aid was a dual-venue concert held on 13 July 1985, and an ongoing music-based fundraising initiative. The original event was organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for relief of the ongoing Ethiopian famine. Billed as the jukebox, the event was held simultaneously at Wembley Stadium in London, England, United Kingdom and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On the same day, concerts inspired by the initiative happened in countries, such as the Soviet Union, Japan, Austria, Australia. It was one of the largest-scale satellite link-ups and television broadcasts of all time, the 1985 Live Aid concert was conceived as a follow-on to the successful charity single Do They Know Its Christmas. Which was also the brainchild of Geldof and Ure, in October 1984, images of millions of people starving to death in Ethiopia were shown in the UK in Michael Buerks BBC News reports on the 1984 famine. Bob Geldof saw the report, and called Midge Ure from Ultravox, in the hope of raising money for famine relief. Geldof then contacted colleagues in the industry and persuaded them to record the single under the title Band Aid for free. On 25 November 1984, the song was recorded at Sarm West Studios in Notting Hill, London, Geldof then set his sights on staging a huge concert to raise further funds. The idea to stage a charity concert to raise funds for Ethiopia originally came from Boy George. George and Culture Club drummer Jon Moss had taken part in the recording of Do They Know Its Christmas, and in December 1984 Culture Club were undertaking a tour of the UK, which culminated in six nights at Wembley Arena. George was so overcome by the occasion he told Geldof that they should consider organising a benefit concert and its a logical progression from the record, but the point is you dont just talk about it, you go ahead and do it. It was clear from the interview that Geldof had already had the idea to hold a dual venue concert and how the concerts should be structured, The show should be as big as is humanly possible. Theres no point just 5,000 fans turning up at Wembley, we need to have Wembley linked with Madison Square Gardens and it would be great for Duran to play three or four numbers at Wembley and then flick to Madison Square where Springsteen would be playing. While hes on, the Wembley stage could be ready for the next British act like the Thompsons or whoever. In that way lots of acts could be featured and the rights, tickets. Its not an idea, and certainly one worth exploiting. Among those involved in organising Live Aid were Harvey Goldsmith, who was responsible for the Wembley Stadium concert, and Bill Graham, the concert grew in scope, as more acts were added on both sides of the Atlantic
27.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
28.
Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival
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It was co-founded by Paul Tollett and Rick Van Santen in 1999, and is organized by Goldenvoice, a subsidiary of AEG Live as of 2001. The event features many genres of music, including rock, indie, hip hop, across the grounds, several stages continuously host live music. The main stages are the, Coachella Stage, Gobi Tent, Mojave Tent, Outdoor Theatre, and Sahara Tent, the festivals origins trace back to a 1993 concert that Pearl Jam performed at the Empire Polo Club while boycotting venues controlled by Ticketmaster. After no event was held in 2000, Coachella returned on an annual basis beginning in April 2001, in 2002, the festival reverted to a two-day format. Coachella was expanded to a day in 2007 and eventually a second weekend in 2012, it is currently held on consecutive three-day weekends in April. Organizers began permitting spectators to camp on the grounds in 2003, Coachella showcases popular and established musical artists, as well as emerging artists and reunited groups. Coachella is one of the largest, most famous, and most profitable music festivals in the United States, the 2016 festival sold 198,000 tickets and grossed $94.2 million. On November 5,1993, Pearl Jam performed for almost 25,000 fans at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, the site was selected because the band refused to play in Los Angeles as a result of a dispute with Ticketmaster. Around 1997, Goldenvoice was struggling to book concerts against larger companies, Tollett said, We were getting our ass kicked financially. We were losing a lot of bands, and we couldnt compete with the money. As a result, the idea of a festival was conceived. While attending the 1997 Glastonbury Festival, Tollett began to brainstorm ideas for a festival of his own with multiple venues. His intent was to book artists who were not necessarily chart successes, Maybe if you put a bunch of them together. Press coverage leading up to the inaugural Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival was dominated by Woodstock 1999, a festival in July 1999 that was marred by looting, arson, violence, and rapes. Goldenvoices insurance costs increased 40% as a result and they faced uncertainty regarding Coachellas tickets, organizers were already aiming to provide a high-comfort festival experience for Coachella but rededicated themselves to those efforts after Woodstock 1999. Advertisements boasted free water fountains, ample restrooms, and misting tents, on October 9–10,1999, the inaugural Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival was held. Headlining the event were Beck, the Chemical Brothers, Tool, Morrissey, originally, promoters had hoped to make the event three days and even considered the UK band Massive Attack as the third-day headliner. The organizers strived to recreate European music festivals with small crowds in a setting with plenty of turntables
29.
Simon Le Bon
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Simon John Charles Le Bon is an English musician, best known as the lead singer, lyricist and musician of the band Duran Duran and its offshoot, Arcadia. Simon John Charles Le Bon was the son of John Le Bon and Ann-Marie of Huguenot descent. His mother encouraged his talent when he was six years old by entering him in a screen test for a Persil washing powder TV advert. He was a member of the church choir from a young age. Simon went to Pinner County Grammar School, the school that Elton John attended some years earlier. He also attended Nower Hill High School, the school his mother attended. He worked as a porter at Northwick Park Hospital Accident and Casualty. He appeared in a few commercials and also in several theatre productions including Tom Browns Schooldays in the West End of London. Duran Duran was founded by childhood friends John Taylor and Nick Rhodes along with singer/songwriter Stephen Duffy in 1978, the band went through a long succession of lineup changes after Duffys departure, but finally settled on a guitarist and drummer. The band had a pop sound flavoured with disco, funk and electronics, built on a solid rock rhythm section. Le Bons ex-girlfriend, Fiona Kemp, introduced him to the band in May 1980, after listening to the songs the band had already composed together, Le Bon spent some time fitting one of his poems to one of the instrumentals, and found they had a good match. The bands first album, Duran Duran, was released in 1981, three more albums followed in quick succession, Rio, Seven and the Ragged Tiger and the live album Arena. Each album release was accompanied by heavy media promotion and a concert tour. By mid-1984, the band were ready for a break, Duran Durans only other work that year was an appearance on the 1984 Band Aid charity single, Do They Know Its Christmas. Following the departures of Roger Taylor and Andy Taylor, Le Bon, Rhodes and John Taylor continued on as Duran Duran, recording and releasing Notorious and Big Thing. The group added guitarist Warren Cuccurullo and drummer Sterling Campbell and recorded the album Liberty, Duran Duran had a resurgence in popularity in 1993 with The Wedding Album, featuring the top-10 single Ordinary World. Several months into the worldwide concert tour supporting this album, Le Bon suffered a torn vocal cord. In 1995, Duran Duran released the covers album Thank You, and Le Bon had the chance to some of his favourite artists
30.
John Taylor (bass guitarist)
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Nigel John Taylor is an English musician and actor, who is best known as the bass guitarist and co-founder of the new wave band Duran Duran. Duran Duran were one of the most popular bands in the world during the 1980s due to their music videos that played in heavy rotation in the early days of MTV. Taylor played with Duran Duran from its founding in 1978 until 1997 and he recorded a dozen solo releases through his company Trust The Process over the next four years, had a lead role in the movie Sugar Town, and made appearances in a half dozen other film projects. He rejoined Duran Duran for a reunion of the five members of the group in 2001 and has remained with the group since. Taylor was also a member of two supergroups, The Power Station and Neurotic Outsiders, John Taylor grew up in Hollywood, a suburb of Birmingham, England. In his early teen years, he discovered music, choosing Roxy Music as his favourite band and his first band was called Shock Treatment. In 1978, Taylor and school friend Nick Rhodes formed Duran Duran with Stephen Duffy while attending the School of Foundation Studies & Experimental Workshop Birmingham Polytechnic and he stopped using the name Nigel, and has been known throughout his professional career as John Taylor. Duran Duran released their first album in 1981, and went on to success in the early 1980s. Duran Durans early music tended to prominently feature Taylors melodic bass lines, following the model of funk, contrary to popular belief, Taylor does not play bass on the Band Aid charity single Do They Know Its Christmas. The bassline on that tracks was played on an OSCar synthesiser, as Duran Duran became famous in the early 1980s, Taylors individual celebrity grew. His picture was a staple of teen magazines, and he won numerous popularity polls, including appearances on People Magazines annual list of Sexiest People. He lived a lavish lifestyle with homes in London and Paris, and owned several cars and he dated fashion models, such as Bond girl Janine Andrews and Face of the 80s Renee Simonsen. In 1985, after recording the theme to the Bond movie A View to a Kill. With the guidance of producer Bernard Edwards, they released one album, The Power Station, which produced the hit singles Some Like It Hot and the T. Rex cover song Bang a Gong. That year, Taylor also launched his first solo effort, recording the single I Do What I Do. for the soundtrack to the movie 9½ Weeks and he also wrote some instrumental music for the movies score with collaborator Jonathan Elias. Taylor recorded an amount of unreleased solo material on the side. On 24 December 1991, Taylor married 19-year-old Amanda De Cadenet and he moved from England to Los Angeles, California to help further his wifes acting career, as well as to escape constant attention from the British tabloids. Taylors marriage declined even as Duran Durans star rose with the success of 1993s Duran Duran, in late 1994, Taylor sought treatment for his substance abuse, and has remained sober since
31.
Albert R. Broccoli
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Albert Romolo Broccoli, nicknamed Cubby, was an American film producer who made more than 40 motion pictures throughout his career. Most of the films were made in the United Kingdom and often filmed at Pinewood Studios, co-founder of Danjaq, LLC and Eon Productions, Broccoli is most notable as the producer of many of the James Bond films. He and Harry Saltzman saw the films develop from relatively low-budget origins to large-budget, high-grossing extravaganzas, and Broccolis heirs continue to produce new Bond films. Albert R. Cubby Broccoli was born in the borough of Queens, New York City and he acquired his nickname after his cousin, mobster Pat DiCicco, began calling him Kabibble, eventually shortened to Kubbie and adopted by Broccoli as Cubby. The family later bought a farm in Smithtown, New York, on Long Island, at the beginning of the 1950s, Broccoli moved once more, this time to London, where the British government provided subsidies to film productions made in the UK with British casts and crews. Together with Irving Allen, Broccoli formed Warwick Films that made a prolific, Saltzman and Broccoli produced the first Bond movie, Dr. No, in 1962. Their second, From Russia with Love, was a success and from then on the films grew in cost, action. With larger casts, more difficult stunts and special effects, and a dependence on exotic locations. Nonetheless, by the mid-1960s, Broccoli had put all of his energies into the Bond series. Saltzman and Broccoli had differences over Saltzmans outside commitments, but in the end it was Saltzman who withdrew from Danjaq, while Saltzmans departure brought the franchise a step closer to corporate control, Broccoli lost relatively little independence or prestige in the bargain. From then until his death, the credits sequence to every EON Bond film would begin with the words Albert R. Broccoli Presents. In 1966, Albert was in Japan with other producers scouting locations to film the next James Bond film You Only Live Twice, Albert had a ticket booked on BOAC Flight 911. He cancelled his ticket on that day so he could see a ninja demonstration, Flight 911 crashed after clear air turbulence. In 1940, at the age of 31, he married actress Gloria Blondell and they later divorced amicably in 1945 without having had children. In 1951, he married Nedra Clark, widow of the singer Buddy Clark, and they adopted a son, Tony Broccoli, after which Nedra became pregnant. She died in 1958, soon giving birth to their daughter. In 1959, Broccoli married actress and novelist Dana Wilson and they had a daughter together, Barbara Broccoli, and Albert Broccoli became a mentor to Danas teenage son, Michael G. Wilson. Broccoli insisted on keeping his family close to him when possible, consequently, the children grew up around the Bond film sets, and his wifes influence on various production decisions is alluded to in many informal accounts
32.
Knightsbridge
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Knightsbridge is a residential and retail district in West London, south of Hyde Park. It is identified in the London Plan as one of two international centres in London, alongside the West End. Knightsbridge was a hamlet located primarily in the parish of St Margaret and it also extended into the parishes of Kensington and Chelsea. It was therefore divided between local authorities from an early time. In the time of Edward I, the manor of Knightsbridge appertained to the abbey of Westminster and it was named after a crossing of the River Westbourne, which is now an underground river. It is recorded that the citizens of London met Matilda of England at the Knights Bridge in 1141, the exhibition was very popular, with over 250,000 visitors during its early months. Japanese artisans illustrated the manners, customs, and art-industries of their country, attired in their national, magnificently decorated and illuminated Buddhist temple. Five o’clock tea in the Japanese tea-house, W. S. Gilbert and his wife attended the exhibition, which is said to have inspired him to write The Mikado. When the Mikado requests of Ko-Ko the address of his son after Ko-Ko tells the Mikado that Nanki-Poo has gone abroad, the original bridge was where one of the old roads to the west that crossed the River Westbourne. The allusion may simply be to a place where cnihtas congregated, bridges, however there is possibly a more specific reference to the important cnihtengild in 11th century London and to the limits of its jurisdiction. Cniht in the pre Norman days did not have the meaning of a minor noble. There are however other claims of the origins,1. According to a topographer named Norden, the bridge was known as ‘Stonebridge’ until a knight called Sir Knyvett was attacked while walking across the bridge late at night. The knight managed to better his attackers and ‘slew the master thief with his own hand’ and this tale of Sir Knyvett’s valour supposedly gave a new name to the bridge. A claim that the bridge may have used by wealthy residents. A claim that the area was used as a place for local youths – where ‘knight’ was a slang term for ‘lad’. Even the original name of the area has come under scrutiny with some claiming it was called ‘Knightsbrigg’ while others believe it was ‘Kynesbrigg’, Knightsbridge is east of Exhibition Road and west of Sloane Street. South of this area, the district fades into Chelsea while Belgravia lies to the east, the district also has banks that cater to wealthy individuals
33.
Cover version
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A cover version can also refer to a rerecording of a song by the original artist or performers under a different record company. Originally, Billboard and other magazines that track the popularity of artists and hit tunes measured the sales success of the published tune. Later, they tracked the airplay that songs achieved, some versions being more successful recording than the original song. Before the onset of rock n roll in the 1950s, songs were published and several records of a song might be out by singers of the day. The Hendrix version, released six months after Dylans original, became a Top 10 single in the UK in 1968 and was ranked 48th in Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The term cover goes back decades when cover version originally described a version of a tune recorded to compete with the recently released version. The Chicago Tribune described the term in 1952, trade jargon meaning to record a tune that looks like a hit on someone elses label. Examples of records covered include Paul Williams 1949 hit tune The Hucklebuck, both crossed over to the popular Hit Parade and had numerous hit versions. In fact, one of the objects of publishing sheet music was to have a composition performed by as many artists as possible. In previous generations, some artists made very successful careers of presenting revivals or reworkings of once-popular tunes, musicians now play what they call cover versions of songs as a tribute to the original performer or group. Using familiar material is an important method of learning music styles, until the mid-1960s most albums, or long playing records, contained a large number of evergreens or standards to present a fuller range of the artists abilities and style. Artists might also perform interpretations of a favorite artists hit tunes for the pleasure of playing a familiar song or collection of tunes. A cover band plays cover versions exclusively. Some tribute acts salute the Who, The Rolling Stones and many classic rock acts. Many tribute acts target artists who remain popular but no longer perform, many tribute bands attempt to recreate another bands music as faithfully as possible, but some such bands introduce a twist. Dread Zeppelin performs reggae versions of the Zeppelin catalog and Beatallica creates heavy metal fusions of songs by the Beatles, there are also situations in which a member of a tribute band will go on to greater success, sometimes with the original act they tribute. One notable example is Tim Ripper Owens who, once the singer of Judas Priest tribute band British Steel. Cover acts or bands are entertainers who perform a variety of crowd-pleasing cover songs for audiences who enjoy the familiarity of hit songs
34.
Alternative metal
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Alternative metal is a music genre that infuses heavy metal with influences from alternative rock and other genres not normally associated with metal. The term has been in use since the 1980s, although it came into prominence in the 1990s, other genres considered part of the alternative metal movement included rap metal and funk metal, both of which influenced another prominent subgenre, nu metal. Nu metal expands the alternative metal sound, combining its vocal stylings and downtuned riffs with elements of genres, such as hip hop, funk, hardcore. They also remarked that alternative metal was originally a style united by its nonconformist sensibility rather than any immediately classifiable sound, one of the main characteristics of alternative metal and its subgenres are heavily downtuned, mid-paced chug-like guitar riffs. However, funk metal bands use a more conventional riffing style influenced by 1980s thrash metal. Alternative metal features clean and melodic vocals, influenced by those of alternative rock, later bands frequently incorporated vocal styles that alternated between clean singing, growls and screaming. Examples include alternative metal bands associated with the nu metal movement, such as Korn and Deftones, jonathan Gold of the Los Angeles Times wrote in 1990 Just as rock has an alternative, wing-bands like the Replacements and Dinosaur Jr. -so does metal. Alternative metal is alternative music that rocks, and alternative metal these days can reach 10 times the audience of other alternative rock. Janes Addiction plays an intense brand of 70s-influenced arty metal, so does Soundgarden, in fact, the arty meanderings of Sab and the Zep themselves would be considered alternative metal. Houston Press has described the genre as being a compromise for people for whom Nirvana was not heavy enough but Metallica was too heavy. The first wave of metal bands emerged from many backgrounds, including hardcore punk, noise rock, Seattles grunge scene, stoner rock, sludge metal. These bands never formed a movement or scene, rather they were bound by their incorporation of traditional metal influences. Fudge Tunnels style of alternative metal included influences from both sludge metal and noise rock, other early bands in the genre also came from hardcore punk backgrounds. During the 1980s, alternative metal appealed mainly to rock fans. Several bands associated with the genre denied their status as metal bands, Helmet drummer John Stanier said We fell into the whole metal thing by accident, we always hated it when people mentioned metal in conjunction with us. Saby Reyes-Kulkarni of Pitchfork Media stated bands like Faith No More, Soundgarden, Primus, Helmet, the Rollins Band, and dozens more were initially marketed as quasi-metal acts. This was only possible in a climate where record labels, journalists, many established 1980s metal bands released albums in the 1990s that were described as alternative metal, including Anthrax, Metallica and Mötley Crüe. It resulted in a standardized sound among alternative metal bands, in contrast to the more eccentric
35.
Lostprophets
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Lostprophets /lɒstˈprɒfɪts/ was a band from Pontypridd, Wales formed in 1997. Founded by lead vocalist and lyricist Ian Watkins, bassist Mike Lewis, drummer Mike Chiplin and guitarist Lee Gaze and they were also part of the Cardiff music scene. Lostprophets released five albums, with their final release Weapons released on 2 April 2012. The band achieved two Top 10 hits on the UK Singles Chart, one single on the US Alternative Songs chart. Awards and nominations, and sold 3.5 million albums worldwide, in December 2012, Watkins was charged with multiple sexual offences against children. The band cancelled all tour dates, and the members announced the disbanding of Lostprophets in October 2013 before the end of Watkins trial. Watkins pleaded guilty to charges in November 2013, and in December 2013 was sentenced to 29 years imprisonment plus six years on licence. In June 2014, the members formed No Devotion with American singer Geoff Rickly as their lead vocalist. The band formed in 1997 in Pontypridd, Wales, Lostprophets formed with two members of Public Disturbance, which featured singer Ian Watkins on drums and guitarist Mike Lewis. Neither member initially left Public Disturbance, although Watkins left as soon as 1998, with Watkins on vocal duties and Lewis playing bass, the band also included guitarist Lee Gaze and Mike Chiplin on drums. Lostprophets started out as part of the fledgling South Wales scene playing gigs at venues across Wales including T. J. s in Newport, from there, they went on to tours on the UKs circuit. The band recorded three demos during this time, Here Comes the Party, Para Todas las Putas Celosas, which translates as For all the jealous whores and these were produced by Stuart Richardson, who joined the band as bassist for the latter recording. Mike Lewis at this point switched to rhythm guitar, the Fake Sound of Progress also included the addition of DJ Stepzak, who would remain with the band for around a year. All of the EPs are out of print, and are very rare, the band caught the attention of the two music publishers Kerrang. and Metal Hammer magazines both giving them glancing reviews. In 1999 they signed in with Independent label Visible Noise, the bands debut album The Fake Sound of Progress was released through Visible Noise in November. Recorded in less than two weeks for £4,000 the record drew on a range of influences, it would be re-released the following year through Columbia Records. The Fake Sound of Progress featured many references to 1980s pop-culture, another reference is the use of the VF-1 Valkyrie in Battroid mode from the 1982 anime The Super Dimension Fortress Macross as part of the album illustration. The band worked with renowned producer Michael Barbiero to remaster the album, during this period, Lostprophets built up a strong live following with support slots to popular acts such as Pitchshifter, Linkin Park and Deftones, as well as several headlining stints of their own
36.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
37.
Custard (band)
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Custard are an Australian indie rock band formed in 1990 in Brisbane, Australia. The band is known as Custaro due to frequent misreadings of its name. The band was known as Custard Gun and featured David McCormack on vocals and guitar, Paul Medew on bass, James Straker on guitar. After a few shows and line up changes Custard Gun morphed into Custard, custards first release was the four track vinyl EP Rockfish Anna, which was issued in November 1990. A fire breathing Elvis impersonator was part of the EPs launch festivities, custards debut album, Buttercup/Bedford, was recorded in 1991. It was meant to be released on CD in March 1992, unfortunately, the CDs never turned up on time for the album launch - forcing them to give away copies of the album away on cassettes to keep the punters happy. It wasnt until the end of 1992 that the band finally got their hands on the elusive CDs, by this time Custard had signed to Ra Records and had released their first major label CD - an EP called Gastanked. Gastanked did very well for the band, peaking at #41 on the ARIA singles chart and it was followed in 1993 by another EP, Brisbane, and two singles - Casanova and the double A-side Singlette/Flanelette. By this time the band was onto its third drummer - Shane Brunn had been replaced by Gavin Herrenberg, custards debut major label album Wahooti Fandango was issued in 1994. The video for the albums first single, Aloha Tambourinist, was the only Custard video to ever get played on Video Hits, the video, set on a beach, featured male models pretending to be Custard, while scantily clad women roll around in the sand. Wahooti Fandango was critically acclaimed, being nominated for Best Alternative Release at the 1995 ARIA awards, however, the bands breakthrough hit didnt come until October 1995, when they released Apartment, the first single lifted from Wisenheimer. Apartment received a high airplay on triple j, and was voted in at number 7 in the 1995 Hottest 100. At the time, it was the highest ever placing by an Australian band, Wisenheimer was recorded in San Francisco, being produced by Eric Drew Feldman. The album also spawned the singles Sunset Strip, Lucky Star, after Wisenheimer, Danny Plant was replaced by Glenn Thompson. From around 1995, Custard music video director Andrew Lancaster would sometimes play keyboard with the band at their live shows. On 24 November 1996, Custard performed on the forecourt of the Sydney Opera House as part of Crowded Houses Farewell To The World concert, alongside You Am I, estimates of the audience in attendance range from 100,000 to 250,000 people. 1996 and 1997 were big years for the band, touring Australia with Weezer, Frank Black, Beck and the Presidents of the USA, while in the USA the band also recorded album number 4, We Have the Technology. Nice Bird was the first single to be lifted from We Have the Technology, however, it was the final single, Music is Crap, that captured the publics attention
38.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
39.
Shirley Bassey
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In January 1959, Bassey became the first Welsh person to gain a No.1 single. In 2000, Bassey was made a Dame for services to the performing arts, in 1977 she received the Brit Award for Best British Female Solo Artist in the previous 25 years. Bassey has been called one of the most popular vocalists in Britain during the last half of the 20th century. Shirley Veronica Bassey was the sixth and youngest child of Henry Bassey and Eliza Jane Start and she grew up in the adjacent community of Splott. At the time, Tiger Bay was one of the largest ports in the world and was very multi-ethnic and her father was Nigerian, and her mother was English, from Teesside. Two of her mothers four children from previous relationships lived in the Bassey household, Eliza and Henrys second child died in infancy, so Shirley was born into a household of three sisters, two half-sisters, and one brother. Teachers and students alike at Moorland Road School noticed Basseys strong voice, even in the school choir the teacher kept telling me to back off till I was singing in the corridor. A classmate recalled her singing the refrain Cant help lovin that man of mine from Show Boat with such feeling that she made their teacher uncomfortable. After leaving Splott Secondary Modern School at age 14, Bassey found employment at a factory while singing in public houses and clubs in the evenings and on weekends. In 1953, Bassey signed her first professional contract, to sing in the variety show Memories of Jolson. She next took up an engagement in Hot from Harlem. Pregnant at 16 with her first child and unwilling to reveal the name of the childs father, in 1955, Bassey toured various theatres until she was noticed by the impresario Jack Hylton. He invited her to feature in Al Reads Such Is Life at the Adelphi Theatre in Londons West End, during the shows run, Philips record producer Johnny Franz spotted her on television, was impressed, and offered her a recording deal. Bassey recorded her first single, Burn My Candle, released in February 1956, owing to the suggestive lyrics, the BBC banned it, but it sold well enough nonetheless, backed with her powerful rendition of Stormy Weather. More singles followed, and in February 1957, Bassey had her first hit with The Banana Boat Song and she then made her American stage début in Las Vegas at El Rancho Vegas. In mid-1958, she recorded two singles that would become classics in the Bassey catalogue. As I Love You was released as the B-side of another ballad, Hands Across the Sea, it did not sell well at first, but after an appearance at the London Palladium sales began to pick up. In January 1959, As I Love You reached No.1 and stayed there for four weeks, it was the first No.1 single by a Welsh artist
40.
The Bond Collection
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Bassey Sings Bond, is a 1987 studio album by Shirley Bassey, notable for having been released without the artists consent, and subsequently withdrawn from sales by court order. In early 1987 Bassey announced that she was planning to record an album of James Bond themes, the album was due for release 1987 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Dr. No. She promoted it on the television show Live At The Palladium on May 3,1987, Bassey decided not to release the album, for reasons that remain unclear. Bassey sued in court, and on May 5,1995 a permanent injunction was obtained against Icon Entertainment to prevent further manufacture or sales of the album, all existing unsold copies were withdrawn from sale, and the CDs are now scarce. There were no singles issued from this album, a new album Bassey Sings Bond with new recordings of Bond songs was recorded for EMI and was to be released at the end of 2002. Again this project ran into problems shortly after recording and it has not been released, the vocal performance of You Only Live Twice recorded for this album was remixed in 2007 for the album Get the Party Started. arcor. de/bassey/info/trkl056. html
