1.
A Wilhelm Scream (EP)
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It is the follow-up to their critically acclaimed third full-length album Career Suicide and has thus far received very favourable reviews. However, on its date it was made available digitally and for physical sale as a tour edition digipak CD. Paper + Plastick has later stated that a 12 vinyl version and this is the bands first release since their signing with Paper + Plastick in June,2009. They departed with Nitro Records in relation to its slowly progressing demise, on November 10,2009, Punknews. org announced that the EP was available for tease preview streaming and purchase through the iTunes Store, ten days before its original release date. The release is known to have released by Shock Entertainment in Australia and Playfalse Records in Greece. The reason for this break from touring is because we took a crack at recording ourselves, is what Robinson informed. This five song EP is a mix of all the avenues the band have gone down since Mute Print–and we’ll be throwing them into the sets on these upcoming tours. In collaboration with A Wilhelm Scream and Paper + Plastick, the magazine exclusively pre-released the mentioned song in the article as mentioned earlier. Shock Records, A Wilhelm Screams Australian label, released the EP on CD in a digipak on November 20, the Australian edition features an additional bonus track, a cover of The Outfields Your Love. All lyrics written by Trevor Reilly, with the exception of #2 by Nuno Pereira and Reilly, all music composed by A Wilhelm Scream. fm Paper + Plastick Website Matt Bayles Website Derek Deal Website
2.
Barcelona
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Founded as a Roman city, in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona. Barcelona has a cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre. Particularly renowned are the works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean is located in Barcelona, the city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments. It is a cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe, 24th in the world. In 2008 it was the fourth most economically powerful city by GDP in the European Union, in 2012 Barcelona had a GDP of $170 billion, it is leading Spain in both employment rate and GDP per capita change. In 2009 the city was ranked Europes third and one of the worlds most successful as a city brand, since 2011 Barcelona has been a leading smart city in Europe. During the Middle Ages, the city was known as Barchinona, Barçalona, Barchelonaa. Internationally, Barcelonas name is abbreviated to Barça. However, this refers only to FC Barcelona, the football club. The common abbreviated form used by locals is Barna, another common abbreviation is BCN, which is also the IATA airport code of the Barcelona-El Prat Airport. The city is referred to as the Ciutat Comtal in Catalan. The origin of the earliest settlement at the site of present-day Barcelona is unclear, the ruins of an early settlement have been excavated in the El Raval neighbourhood, including different tombs and dwellings dating to earlier than 5000 BC. The founding of Barcelona is the subject of two different legends, the first attributes the founding of the city to the mythological Hercules. In about 15 BC, the Romans redrew the town as a castrum centred on the Mons Taber, under the Romans, it was a colony with the surname of Faventia, or, in full, Colonia Faventia Julia Augusta Pia Barcino or Colonia Julia Augusta Faventia Paterna Barcino. It enjoyed immunity from imperial burdens, the city minted its own coins, some from the era of Galba survive. Some remaining fragments of the Roman walls have incorporated into the cathedral. The cathedral, also known as the Basilica La Seu, is said to have founded in 343
3.
New Bedford, Massachusetts
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New Bedford is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 95,072. The city, along with Fall River and Taunton, make up the three largest cities in the South Coast region of Massachusetts, the Greater Providence-Fall River-New Bedford area is home to the largest Portuguese-American community in the United States. Their population is believed to have been about 12,000, while exploring New England, Bartholomew Gosnold landed on Cuttyhunk Island on May 15,1602. From there, he explored Cape Cod and the neighboring areas, however, rather than settle the area, he returned to England at the request of his crew. Europeans first settled New Bedford in 1652, English Plymouth Colony settlers purchased the land from chief Massasoit of the Wampanoag tribe. Whether the transfer of the land was legitimately done has been the subject of intense controversy, like other native tribes, the Wampanoags did not share the settlers concepts of private property. The tribe may have believed they were granting usage rights to the land, the settlers used the land to build the colonial town of Old Dartmouth. The name was suggested by the Russell family, who were prominent citizens of the community, the Dukes of Bedford, a leading English aristocratic house, also bore the surname Russell. The late-18th century was a time of growth for the town, New Bedfords first newspaper, The Medley, was founded in 1792. On June 12,1792, the set up its first post office. William Tobey was its first postmaster, the construction of a bridge between New Bedford and present-day Fairhaven in 1796 also spurred growth. In 1847 the town of New Bedford officially became a city, at approximately the same time, New Bedford began to supplant Nantucket as the nations preeminent whaling port, thanks to its deeper harbor and location on the mainland. Whaling dominated the economy of the city for much of the century, many families of the city were involved with it as crew and officers of ships. Until 1800, New Bedford and its communities were, by and large, populated by Protestants of English, Scottish. During the first half of the 19th century many Irish people came to Massachusetts, in 1818, Irish immigrants established the Catholic mission that built St. Marys Church. As the Portuguese community began to increase, they established the first Portuguese parish in the city, French Canadians also secured a foothold in New Bedford at about the same time, and they built the Church of the Sacred Heart in 1877. Similarly, Polish immigrants began arriving in the late 19th century, a number of Jewish families, arriving in the late 19th century, were active in the whaling industry, selling provisions and outfitting ships
4.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
5.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
6.
Abbreviation
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An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. It consists of a group of letters taken from the word or phrase, a contraction is an abbreviation, but an abbreviation is not necessarily a contraction. Acronyms and initialisms are regarded as subsets of abbreviations and they are abbreviations that consist of the initial letters or parts of words. Abbreviations have a history, created so that spelling out a whole word could be avoided. This might be done to time and space, and also to provide secrecy. Shortened words were used and initial letters were used to represent words in specific applications. In classical Greece and Rome, the reduction of words to single letters was common, in Roman inscriptions, Words were commonly abbreviated by using the initial letter or letters of words, and most inscriptions have at least one abbreviation. However, some could have more than one meaning, depending on their context, Abbreviations in English were frequently used from its earliest days. Manuscripts of copies of the old English poem Beowulf used many abbreviations, for example 7 or & for and, the standardisation of English in the 15th through 17th centuries included such a growth in the use of abbreviations. At first, abbreviations were sometimes represented with various suspension signs, for example, sequences like ‹er› were replaced with ‹ɔ›, as in ‹mastɔ› for master and ‹exacɔbate› for exacerbate. While this may seem trivial, it was symptomatic of an attempt by people manually reproducing academic texts to reduce the copy time, an example from the Oxford University Register,1503, Mastɔ subwardenɔ y ɔmēde me to you. And wherɔ y wrot to you the last wyke that y trouyde itt good to differrɔ thelectionɔ ovɔ to quīdenaɔ tinitatis y have be thougħt me synɔ that itt woll be thenɔ a bowte mydsomɔ. The Early Modern English period, between the 15th and 17th centuries, had abbreviations like ye for Þe, used for the word the, hence, by later misunderstanding, during the growth of philological linguistic theory in academic Britain, abbreviating became very fashionable. The use of abbreviation for the names of J. R. R. Tolkien and his friend C. S. Lewis, but before that, many Britons were more scrupulous at maintaining the French form. In French, the period follows a abbreviation if the last letter in the abbreviation is not the last letter of its antecedent. Like many other cross-channel linguistic acquisitions, many Britons readily took this up and followed this rule themselves, while the Americans took a simpler rule and applied it rigorously. Over the years, however, the lack of convention in some style guides has made it difficult to determine which two-word abbreviations should be abbreviated with periods and which should not. The U. S. media tend to use periods in two-word abbreviations like United States, many British publications have gradually done away with the use of periods in abbreviations
7.
Strung Out
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Strung Out is an American punk rock band from Simi Valley, California, formed in 1989. They are known mainly for their style, which fuses aspects of melodic punk rock, progressive rock. They have released eight albums on Fat Wreck Chords and appeared on numerous compilations and they have played on the Warped Tour and continue to tour internationally. The band formed in 1989 in Simi Valley, California, the original lineup consisted of vocalist Jason Cruz, guitarists Jake Kiley and Rob Ramos, bassist Jim Cherry and drummer Adam Austin. After releasing a self-titled 7 record, they one of the first bands to be signed to Fat Wreck Chords. Austin left the band in 1992 and was replaced by Brad Morrison who also left the band and was replaced on drums by Jordan Burns and their first album, Another Day in Paradise, was released in May 1994. Suburban Teenage Wasteland Blues followed in 1996, in 1998 they released The Skinny Years. Before We Got Fat, a compilation album of their pre-Fat Wreck Chords material. The band showed notable musical growth on their 1998 album Twisted by Design, the album established a mixture of the fast, poppy sound the band had established with Suburban Teenage Wasteland Blues but mixed it with more atonality and more abstract song structures. Bassist Jim Cherry was fired from the band in 1999 and went on to play in Pulley and Zero Down, in 2002 the band released their fourth full-length album An American Paradox, their first release to appear in the Billboard 200. The initial production run contained a song entitled Dont Look Back. A video was filmed for the song Cemetery and was included on punk rock video compilations. In 2003 they recorded and released an album as part of the Fat Wreck Chords Live in a Dive series. Exile in Oblivion, was released in 2004, with a video filmed for the song Analog, Strung Out released their sixth full-length album, Blackhawks Over Los Angeles on June 12,2007. In March 2009, Strung Out released a collection of rarities & B-sides entitled Prototypes, the album is the second such compilation from the band who previously compiled similar material on The Skinny Years, Before We Got Fat in 1998. On September 29,2009, Strung Out released their 7th studio album titled Agents of the Underground and this has a less political tone to it than their previous one, and it also combines more of the old fast sound with heavy metal influences. On July 19,2011, they released the compilation album Top Contenders, in contains remastered versions of 23 songs, and 3 new songs, City Lights, Saturday Night, and Here We Are. On August 2,2012, drummer Jordan Burns revealed to Punknews. org that Strung Out planned to release a new album, transmission. Alpha. Delta was announced as the title of the album, initially scheduled to be released in the summer of 2014. The album was delayed and released on March 24,2015, as of February 2017, Strung Out has begun working on a five to seven song acoustic EP, titled Black Out the Sky, which they hope to release this summer
8.
Hot Water Music
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Hot Water Music is a punk rock band from Gainesville, Florida. The members of the band are Chuck Ragan, Chris Wollard, Jason Black and they are represented by David Beno Benvenistes Velvet Hammer Music and Management Group. In late 2005, Hot Water Music stated they were going on a hiatus following Chuck Ragans departure, on May 13,2006 however, the hiatus became seemingly permanent and Hot Water Music officially disbanded. The three remaining members started a new project, The Draft, whose first album, In a Million Pieces, was released on September 12,2006. Chuck Ragan also continued with a more low-key music career, releasing material through No Idea Records and he is currently signed to the latter. The band members have participated in many side projects. The four most popular of these are Blacktop Cadence, Cros, Unitas, a collection of Hot Water Music work on No Idea records has been released, titled Till the Wheels Fall Off. It was released on CD and on LP, according to Jason Black in an interview with Alternative Press, the compilation will feature a song that hasnt come out anywhere. it was one of two that didnt make it. The bands name was taken from the collection of stories by Charles Bukowski of the same name. On October 22,2007, music website Punknews. org reported that a reunion of the band is currently in the works, Chuck Ragan also stated that he looked forward to playing with Hot Water Music again sometime in the future. He thinks that at this point. well be doing about six to eight shows, were shooting for January or February. On November 5,2008, Hot Water Musics official page, as well as their MySpace page, the announcement also stated that the official website will continue to be updated with news, as well as a collaborative discography of all their releases. They headlined the Eastpak Core Stage at Groezrock festival in Meerhout, Belgium on 9 May 2008, the band is continuing to play sporadically in the US. and Fucked Up. They also toured Australia with The Bouncing Souls and Dave Hause in December 2010, on June 15,2009, it was announced that drummer George Rebelo had joined Against Me. Dave Raun from Lagwagon was filling in for him, until Rebelo announced that he wanted to join Hot Water music again for touring and recording the follow up to The New What Next, Jason Black had played bass for New Jersey outfit Senses Fail from 2008-2012. Alongside Matt Smith of Strike Anywhere who still remains with the band, collins, Colorado to record their new full-length album with Bill Stevenson producing. On February 8,2012 it was announced that the album was in the mixing process, on February 12,2012, the band announced via Facebook that their album was finished and waiting to be released. On February 29,2012, it was announced that the new album will be titled Exister, a track listing of 13 tracks was also released
9.
Propagandhi
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Propagandhi is a Canadian punk rock band formed in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba in 1986 by guitarist Chris Hannah and drummer Jord Samolesky. The band is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba and completed by bassist Todd Kowalski. While their earlier work was aligned with the rock and skate punk tradition, in later years Propagandhi records have moved towards a heavier. In 1986, Samolesky and Hannah recruited original bassist Scott Hopper via a progressive thrash band looking for bass player flyer posted in a record shop. Hopper was replaced three years later by Mike Braumeister, which completed the first lineup to perform live, after the band established itself through several demos and larger shows, including one with Fugazi, Braumeister moved to Vancouver, and John K. Samson became the bands third bassist. In 1992, Propagandhi played a show with California punk rock band NOFX, impressed by their performance, NOFX front man Fat Mike signed them to his independent record label Fat Wreck Chords. The band later accompanied him to Los Angeles, where they recorded their album, How to Clean Everything, released in 1993. Y. P. 1, the three on Recess Records. In 1996, they recorded and released their album, Less Talk, More Rock. The title was ironic, as they had become known for lengthy song explanations. The album was more politicized than its predecessor, with song titles as Apparently. Fascist, Nailing Descartes to the Wall/ Meat Is Still Murder, and We Thought Nation-States Were a Bad Idea. Ramsey Kanaan, founder of the anarchist publishing company AK Press, partial proceeds of the album were donated to AK and other activist groups. After Less Talk, More Rocks release, Samson departed and formed The Weakerthans, Todd Kowalski, formerly of Propagandhis touring mates I Spy and the political grindcore band Swallowing Shit, replaced him. Hannah and Samolesky also founded the record label G7 Welcoming Committee Records, the label structured itself around the participatory economic proposals of Robin Hahnel and Michael Albert. The band issued Where Quantity Is Job No,1, a collection of EP and compilation tracks, demos, and live songs. In 2001, Propagandhi released their album, Todays Empires. The album was considered by some to be a departure from their previous works
10.
Strike Anywhere
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Strike Anywhere is an American punk rock band from Richmond, Virginia. Formed in 1999 after the demise of frontman Thomas Barnetts previous band, Inquisition and their music is characterized by fast tempos, catchy melodies, and emotionally charged vocals delivered via shouting and singing. They were also featured in the documentary Wake Up Screaming about the 2005 Vans Warped Tour, the band played their last show with guitarist Matt Sherwood in Auckland, New Zealand on March 17,2007, with Mark Miller replacing Sherwood. Since then, the band has continued its regimen of international touring, including the groups first South American tour, the band also did a European festival tour in Summer of 2008. Strike Anywhere is now signed with Bridge Nine Records, and in an interview, Barnett said Theres no celebrity culture, theres nothing but hard work and a love for art with Bridge 9. In an interview in December 2016, Barnett confirmed that the band is working on a fifth studio album planned for a 2017 release. Strike Anywhere lyrics touch on issues as police brutality, anti-capitalism, womens rights, animal rights. According to the notes for their album Change is a Sound, they support the vegetarian lifestyle, the living wage movement. With its 2006 release Dead FM, the band moved away from political slogans to address more sociological ideas about why these happen, vol.6 Keep Singing. com Unofficial YouTube Channel
11.
Benefits of Thinking Out Loud
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Benefits of Thinking Out Loud, released in 2001 through Tank Records, is the second full-length release from the Massachusetts based melodic hardcore band now known as A Wilhelm Scream. Originally recorded and released through Tank Records in 2001 under their at the current name. Oddly enough, the album was sold in DVD covers, not regular CD covers, the record has been described by the band to be their first serious approach. After signing with Jump Start Records in 2002, the new label reissued the album twice, first in 2002, the first reissue was done under the name Smackin Isaiah, in promotion of their signing, whilst the second under A Wilhelm Scream, promoting their name change. The 2003 reissue sold better than expected, leading to a repressing in 2004, the album artwork for the original and first reissue are identical, whilst the second reissue, though being very similar, has some alterations. The first obviously being which band name is featured, followed by location of the album title, before being sent off for print, the cover was changed in the way of the second reissue and has therefore never been printed. Additionally, photos and credits for John Carvalho were mysteriously removed from the notes after the first pressing. Lyrics by Trevor Reilly, with the exceptions of #3 by Reilly and Nuno Pereira, #8 by Reilly, Pereira and Jonathan Teves, #9 by Teves and #11 by Nicholas Pasquale Angelini
12.
Mute Print
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This album is the follow-up to a release that was done under their old name, Smackin Isaiah, entitled Benefits Of Thinking Out Loud. Seeing as it was released under their old name. Even though the artwork for the original and Japanese release are identical. The remaining one third on the left remains static no matter what page you have open, in August/early September, The Vinyl Collective Cooperative Label released a vinyl version of Mute Print. The vinyl was printed in two colours,333 black and 667 mustardy yellow, however, both unit holders and board members received a copy of the most limited version, only leaving 40 black ones for public sale. The label also released five test pressings, a pressing that is produced in quantities to evaluate the quality of the disc production. Test pressings are popular amongst vinyl collectors and are most commonly seen in blank, white sleeves, lyrics by Trevor Reilly, with the exception of #8 by Nuno Pereira
13.
Ruiner
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It received mostly very favourable reviews. Ruiner has been released four times, three times on CD and once on coloured 12 vinyl, two of the CD releases, the original and Japanese edition, as well as the 12 vinyl, were released through Nitro Records in the same year. The Australian tour edition was released through Shock Records a year later during A Wilhelm Screams first Australia tour, supporting Less Than Jake, despite the tour starting on October 31,2006 and the album being sold whilst on the tour, the official release date was November 11. The track listing for the Nitro Records releases are identical, whilst the Australian tour edition contains a Ruiner session b-side entitled Bodies and Suitcases and this song is by fault listed as Bodies as Suitcases on the albums track listing. Whilst working on album, there are known to have been two working titles in use. The first being the title of the album, which was Walden 3 and it was also revealed in the same interview that Bill Stevenson also participated with vocals and that Levesque did the piano parts in the song. The lemon referenced in the line of The King is Dead represents autoerotic asphyxiation. It refers to the practice of masturbating with a noose around your neck, with a slice in your mouth to wake you up when you pass out. All lyrics written by Trevor Reilly, except noted, all music composed by A Wilhelm Scream
14.
Lagwagon
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Lagwagon is a Californian punk rock band originally from Goleta, just outside Santa Barbara, California. They formed in 1990 and went on hiatus and reunited several times over the years and their name comes from the bands tour van, which can be seen on the back cover of their 1994 second album Trashed. The band has 10 releases through Fat Wreck Chords, seven albums, one EP, one live album. Lagwagon has never had, nor have they seemed to pursue, strong mainstream success and their moderate success reflected a growing interest in punk rock during the 1990s, along with fellow California bands Rancid, Green Day and The Offspring. The story about the name Lagwagon is that Joey’s mom was often late picking him and she drove a station wagon, which his brother dubbed the lagwagon. After signing to Fat Mikes label Fat Wreck Chords, Lagwagon released their album for the label, Duh. Frontman Joey Cape commented on how the album was made, Back then and it was less about the recording process and more about rehearsing. We recorded and mixed Duh in 4 days, theres something to be said for a budget. You have to have your shit together before you go into the studio, two years later, Lagwagon released Trashed, their second record on Fat, which turned out to be highly successful, leading to the eventual production of a video for Island of Shame. During this time, a number of bands, such as Green Day, The Offspring and Rancid, had hit the mainstream. Hoss, the third Lagwagon album, was released on November 21,1995, after two more albums, Double Plaidinum and Lets Talk About Feelings, the band went on indefinite hiatus in 2000, due to all members working on side projects. Lagwagon resurfaced in 2002, and released their sixth album Blaze the following year, in 2004, frontman Joey Cape released a split album with No Use for a Name vocalist Tony Sly featuring acoustic versions of songs by both bands. On November 1,2005, Lagwagon released Resolve, which is a homage to the life of Derrick Plourde, original drummer for Lagwagon, in 2008, Lagwagon released an EP titled I Think My Older Brother Used to Listen to Lagwagon. In January 2010, Joey Cape announced during an interview with Canadas Exclaim, magazine that Jesse Buglione had left Lagwagon, having been with the band since its foundation in 1990. However, Cape dismissed rumors of Lagwagon breaking up, Jesse Buglione confirmed his departure on Lagwagons official message board himself, as reported by sputnikmusic. com and punknews. org. Lagwagon toured with No Use for a Name that summer, in an interview with fasterlouder. com. au Joey Cape, revealed former RKL bassist Joe Raposo is Lagwagons new bassist. In a June 2011 interview with ExploreMusic however, Joey Cape said that didnt work out with Raposo. After first announcing Patrick Solem as the new player in August 2011
15.
Less Than Jake
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Less Than Jake is an American ska punk band from Gainesville, Florida, formed in 1992. The band consists of Chris DeMakes, Roger Lima, Vinnie Fiorello, Buddy Schaub, the group released its debut album, Pezcore, in 1995, following a series of independent seven-inch single releases. The bands subsequent two albums, Losing Streak and Hello Rockview, were released on major label, Capitol Records. The bands fifth studio album Anthem was the groups most commercially successful to date, featuring the singles, Shes Gonna Break Soon, in 2008 the band founded its own label, Sleep It Off Records, and released its seventh full-length album, GNV FLA. The band has stated its preference for EP releases, and independently issued Greetings from Less Than Jake and its counterpart. In late 2012, the band combined the two to create the album, Greetings and Salutations The bands eighth studio album, See the Light, was released on November 12,2013. The band entered the studio in 2016 to record their latest EP, titled Sound The Alarm, good Grief broke up when DeMakes moved north to attend the University of Florida. On July 13,1992, Less Than Jake was born, while Grief moved to New York City, DeMakes and Fiorello began writing songs on the weekends before Fiorello would join DeMakes at the University of Florida. When united, the pair decided they needed a bass player, Fiorello said, The bands name comes from Fiorellos dog, Jake, who was treated better than the rest of the household, so everything was less than Jake. After practicing with a different bass player for a couple of weeks, the band met Roger Lima, after Lima practiced with the band on guitar for a few hours, the band fired the current bass player and recruited him instead. Citing influence from Snuff, the band decided it wanted to add a horn section, in 1993, the group added its first horn player, Jessica Mills, and released its first 7-inch record, Smoke Spot, with the band members hand pressing all 300 records themselves. Soon after, trombone player Buddy Schaub joined the band, right before the bands first U. S. tour in June 1995 with Skankin Pickle, Schaub had already made plans to travel to Europe with his friends. The band found a replacement in saxophonist Derron Nuhfer, who filled in for Schaub during his absence. Derron eventually became a permanent member in August 1995, Less Than Jakes first full-length LP Pezcore debuted in August 1995, featuring such staples as Liquor Store and My Very Own Flag. Originally on Dill Records, the CD contained 21-tracks, including two covers of TV theme songs Jeffersons and Laverne and Shirley. The title of the stems from Roger and Vinnies unexplained fondness for Pez candy, clearly apparent in their reportedly sizable Pez dispenser collections. Ever since, Pez dispenser motifs have been a feature of Less Than Jakes merchandise. Shortly following the release of Pezcore, the band was signed to Capitol Records, the group debuted on the major label in 1996 with Losing Streak
16.
A Wilhelm Scream
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A Wilhelm Scream is a melodic hardcore band from New Bedford, Massachusetts formed in 1999. Many people have referenced Strung Out, Hot Water Music, Propagandhi and their name is a reference to the Wilhelm scream, a famous stock sound effect which is mainly used in films. The band previously went by the names Smackin Isaiah, Koen, the reason for the name changes from Koen to Smackin Isaiah to A Wilhelm Scream was really a matter of them adding new members, and progressing/maturing as a band. In 1993, drummer Trevor Reilly, guitarist John Carvalho and bassist Jonathan Teves formed the band Adams Crack, in 1994 Reilly and Carvalho started a side band with Nuno Pereira on vocals, and others. The side band played one show before disbanding, members from the two bands would merge into one, taking the name Koen. The line-up of Koen consisted of Pereira, Reilly, Teves, Carvalho, under the name Koen, the band released one cassette titled The Big Fall. this time with their sound evolving more into skate punk and ska. In 1997, the changed its name again, this time to Smackin Isaiah. Mat Demelo left the band shortly after, during this time, Reilly would switch between drumming and guitar duties, with an unknown drummer playing in the band for a brief amount of time. Nicholas Angelini was eventually tapped to play drums on a permanent basis, in 1998, Smackin Isaiah released another demo cassette, titled Gets Eaten Alive. The bands first CD release was on Tank Records, a label created by Carvalho. The CD was a release with the bands Moronique and Merrick. Soon after, the band released its album, The Way to a Girls Heart Is Through Her Boyfriends Stomach. The band considers this their first real release, as all the songs had been written after Angelini joined the band, in retrospect, they consider it their most cheerful record. It was reissued the following year on All About Records, but the band stayed with Tank Records to release its second album, during the albums recording, the band members had a strained relationship as they argued over its production. Six outtakes from the recording sessions were compiled onto an EP entitled The Champagne of Bands. We Know Sexy released by Fork in Hand Records, following its release, Carvalho left the band. With the band taking a serious approach on Benefits, they decided to once more change their name. Signing with new label Jump Start Records, they re-released Benefits of Thinking Out Loud under their new name, after touring the United States and Canada a few times, they then began recording their next album, Mute Print, with Jump Start
17.
Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
18.
Career Suicide (A Wilhelm Scream album)
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Career Suicide, released on October 9,2007 through Nitro Records, is the third studio album from the Massachusetts based melodic hardcore band A Wilhelm Scream. On August 9,2007, Career Suicide was announced for release, in August, the band supported Strung Out on their North American tour. The Horse and These Dead Streets were posted on the bands Myspace on October 2, the album was released on October 9,2007 In October, the group went on a US tour with Only Crime and The Swellers. It was also voted the best album of 2007 by Punknews. org readers, on September 17,2007 the final cut of the video for the song 5 to 9 was released via the Nitro Records webpage. On October 31,2007 a video for the song Die While Were Young was released via the Nitro Records webpage, the video features footage from the bands recent European tour. A video shooting for the song I Wipe My Ass With Showbiz was announced in a Myspace bulletin that detailed the video being shot at a location, as well as at a show in Manchester. This video was released on March 31,2008 through the blog on MySpace. A Wilhelm Scream Nuno Pereira - Vocals Trevor Reilly - Guitar, vocals Christopher Levesque - Guitar Brian J
19.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
20.
Electric guitar
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The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup, of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup, which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction. The signal generated by a guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker. The output of a guitar is an electric signal. Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitarists. Early proponents of the guitar on record included Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker. During the 1950s and 1960s, the guitar became the most important instrument in pop music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge that lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects. The sound of a guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, hammering on, using audio feedback, in a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In larger rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist, many experiments at electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins, hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge, however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups, the first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum frying pan was built by Harry Watson, commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation, in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker, and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company, in that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was issued in 1937. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts provided players a full 25 scale, with 17 frets free of the fretboard and it is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937, fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The need for the guitar became apparent during the big band era as orchestras increased in size, particularly when acoustic guitars had to compete with large
21.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
22.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
23.
Backing vocalist
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Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists. In some cases, a singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalists entry or to sing a counter-melody. Backing vocalists are used in a range of popular music, traditional music. Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts, in many rock and metal bands, the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments, such as guitar, electric bass, drums, or keyboards. In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups, backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing, in some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater, the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones. The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song, in pop and country songs, backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist. In hardcore punk or rockabilly, other members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus section of the songs. While some bands use performers whose sole on-stage role is performing backing vocals, two notable examples of band members who sang back-up are The Beach Boys and The Beatles. The Beach Boys were well known for their vocal harmonies, occasionally with all five members singing at once such as In My Room. All five members would sing lead, although most often Brian Wilson or Mike Love would sing lead with guitarists Carl Wilson and Al Jardine, examples of three-part harmonies by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison include Nowhere Man, Because, Day Tripper, and This Boy. Former guitarist John Frusciante of the Red Hot Chili Peppers sang nearly all backing vocals often singing some parts without accompaniment from lead vocalist Anthony Kiedis, the bands bassist Flea occasionally filled in for additional vocals. Frusciante usually sang one song by himself during concerts, another example is No Frontiers by The Corrs, which is sung by Sharon and Caroline. In the recording studio, some lead singers record their own backing vocals by overdubbing, one famous example is Freddie Mercury of Queen singing the first part of Bohemian Rhapsody himself by overdubbing. With the exception of a few songs on album, Dan Fogelberg, Eddie Rabbitt, David Bowie. Some bands, such as Hawthorne Heights and Finch have the backup singers do harsh vocals to highlight specific lyrics. Pop and R&B vocalists such as Diana Ross, Ariana Grande, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé Knowles, Brandy, Faith Evans, DAngelo, when they perform live, they may have backing vocalists that impersonate their voices. Some bands use backing vocals in order to contrast with the singer who may be performing an unusual vocal technique. In rap music, a rapper who chants and rhymes to support the main artist is often referred to as hype man
24.
Trumpet
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A trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register in the brass family, trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through almost-closed lips, producing a sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, there are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B♭, having a tubing length of about 1.48 m. Early trumpets did not provide means to change the length of tubing, most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets is more common in orchestral settings, each valve, when engaged, increases the length of tubing, lowering the pitch of the instrument. A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter, the earliest trumpets date back to 1500 BC and earlier. The bronze and silver trumpets from Tutankhamuns grave in Egypt, bronze lurs from Scandinavia, trumpets from the Oxus civilization of Central Asia have decorated swellings in the middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder. The Shofar, made from a ram horn and the Hatzotzeroth and they were played in Solomons Temple around 3000 years ago. They were said to be used to blow down the walls of Jericho and they are still used on certain religious days. The Salpinx was a straight trumpet 62 inches long, made of bone or bronze, Salpinx contests were a part of the original Olympic Games. The Moche people of ancient Peru depicted trumpets in their art going back to AD300, the earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in the modern sense, and the modern bugle continues this signaling tradition. Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages, the natural trumpets of this era consisted of a single coiled tube without valves and therefore could only produce the notes of a single overtone series. Changing keys required the player to change crooks of the instrument, the development of the upper, clarino register by specialist trumpeters—notably Cesare Bendinelli—would lend itself well to the Baroque era, also known as the Golden Age of the natural trumpet. During this period, a vast body of music was written for virtuoso trumpeters, the art was revived in the mid-20th century and natural trumpet playing is again a thriving art around the world. The melody-dominated homophony of the classical and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a role by most major composers owing to the limitations of the natural trumpet. Berlioz wrote in 1844, Notwithstanding the real loftiness and distinguished nature of its quality of tone, there are few instruments that have been more degraded. The attempt to give the trumpet more chromatic freedom in its range saw the development of the keyed trumpet, the symphonies of Mozart, Beethoven, and as late as Brahms, were still played on natural trumpets
25.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
26.
MusicBrainz
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MusicBrainz is a project that aims to create an open data music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the placed on the Compact Disc Database. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals to reach beyond a compact disc metadata storehouse to become an open online database for music. MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture at a minimum the album title, track titles, and these entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about the date and country. As of 26 July 2016, MusicBrainz contained information about roughly 1.1 million artists,1.6 million releases, end-users can use software that communicates with MusicBrainz to add metadata tags to their digital media files, such as MP3, Ogg Vorbis or AAC. As with other contributions, the MusicBrainz community is in charge for maintaining and reviewing the data, besides collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows looking up recordings by their acoustic fingerprint. A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, must be used for this, in 2000, MusicBrainz started using Relatables patented TRM for acoustic fingerprint matching. This feature attracted many users and allowed the database to grow quickly, however, by 2005 TRM was showing scalability issues as the number of tracks in the database had reached into the millions. This issue was resolved in May 2006 when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP, tRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008. In October 2009 MusicIP was acquired by AmpliFIND, some time after the acquisition, the MusicDNS service began having intermittent problems. Since the future of the free service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, the basis for AcoustID identification service, was started in February 2010 by a long-time MusicBrainz contributor Lukáš Lalinský, while AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and both are open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing the first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength in each of 12 pitch classes, storing these 8 times per second, additional post-processing is then applied to compress this fingerprint while retaining patterns. The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity, since 2003, MusicBrainzs core data are in the public domain, and additional content, including moderation data, is placed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA-2.0 license. The relational database management system is PostgreSQL, the server software is covered by the GNU General Public License. The MusicBrainz client software library, libmusicbrainz, is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, in December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the MetaBrainz Foundation, a non-profit group, by its creator Robert Kaye
