1.
Mati Klarwein
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Abdul Mati Klarwein was a painter best known for his works used on the covers of music albums. Mati Klarwein was born in Hamburg, Germany and his mother Elsa Kühne was an opera singer and his father Joseph Klarwein was a Brick Expressionist architect and later with the Bauhaus movement. His family was of Jewish origin and they fled to the British Mandate of Palestine when he was two old, after the rise of Nazi Germany. In 1948 when the territory became Israel, his family traveled to Paris, there Mati studied from 1949 to 1951 with Fernand Léger, and attended the art schools École des Beaux-Arts and Académie Julian. In 1956 he met Kitty Lillaz, and traveled with her around-the-world, including Tibet, India, Bali, North Africa, Turkey, Europe, in the early 1960s he settled for a while in New York City, meeting Jimi Hendrix. At a New York exhibition in 1961, organized by Lillaz for the unveiling of the painting Flight to Egypt Klarwein met Salvador Dali for the first time, the same year he met his wife Sofia Klarwein. Among other painters he met more often was Arik Brauer, in 1965, he obtained the French nationality, with the support of Mr. André Malraux. During his time in Saint-Tropez he met Ernst Fuchs, who would have an influence on his technique. Much of Klarweins most famous work is inspired by surrealism and pop culture and he also worked more conventionally across a variety of genres including still life, landscape, and portrait. Despite the hyperbole of this claim, it is true that people would immediately recognize his vivid, colorful style from album covers for Miles Daviss Bitches Brew. During the 60s Klarweins fame grew and some of the decades most progressive musicians used his artwork for their album covers, in his painting Grain of Sand, many disparate images are combined together in one massive, yet oddly coherent work. Klarweins painting Annunciation from 1961 was seen in reproduction by the musician Carlos Santana, in the following years Klarwein produced comparably striking designs for the covers of two Miles Davis albums, Bitches Brew and Live-Evil. His painting Zonked was originally planned as the image for Betty Daviss self-titled album. In 1971 his cover was on the album Last Days and Time by Earth, a cover he made for Jimi Hendrix was used on a single in 1974 and for a compilation in 2010. The association of his images with very successful and widely admired musicians of the time. Many of these paintings, and others, were included in Klarweins first book Milk n Honey, in 1971 he went to Hamburg and created set paintings for the film Herman Hesses Steppenwolf. In the mid-1970s, Klarwein began a series of paintings which he referred to as real-estate paintings or inscapes, in the late 1970s he collaborated with trumpeter Jon Hassell for a couple of albums on Brian Enos Ambient label, these albums used several of Klarweins inscapes on their covers. In the 80s, Klarwein begun to focus on landscape compositions, during the 1980s and 1990s, Klarwein would occasionally search for cheap paintings at flea markets and improve them, painting over them or adding things at his whim
2.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
3.
Santana (band)
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Santana is an American Latin rock band formed in San Francisco, California in 1966 by Mexican-American guitarist Carlos Santana. The band first came to public attention when their performance of Soul Sacrifice at Woodstock in 1969 provided a contrast to other acts on the bill. This exposure helped propel their first album, also named Santana, into a hit, in the years that followed, lineup changes were common. Carlos Santanas increasing involvement with guru Sri Chinmoy took the band into more esoteric music, though never quite losing its initial Latin influence. In 1998, Santana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, with Carlos Santana, Jose Chepito Areas, David Brown, Gregg Rolie, Mike Carabello, the band has earned nine Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards, the latter all in 2000. Carlos also won a Grammy Award as a solo artist in 1988, Santana has sold more than 90 million records worldwide, making them one of the worlds best-selling groups of all time. In 2013, Santana announced a reunion of the classic line-up for a new record, Santana IV and they are tied for having the most won Grammys in one night. The band was formed in 1966 in San Francisco as the Santana Blues Band with the help of Tom Fraser, the first established members were Carlos Santana, Marcus Malone, Rod Harper, Gus Rodriguez and Gregg Rolie. The groups first audition with this line up was at the Avalon Ballroom in the summer of 1967. Ahead of Woodstock, Bill Graham was asked to help with logistics, Bill agreed to lend his help only if a new band he was championing, an unknown band called Santana was added to the bill. Santana was announced as one of the performers at the Woodstock Festival, the band started recording their 1969 debut album Santana in May 1969 and finished it in a month. Later that month, they released their album, which peaked at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 pop chart with the single Evil Ways being a top 10 single in the US. Santana went on tour to promote their debut LP and started work on their next, work began in mid-April 1970 at Wally Heider Studios in San Francisco and was completed in early May 1970. From January to July 1971 Santana worked on Santana III, released in September 1971, the album also reached number 1 on the US Billboard 200. At the peak of the popularity, the album was the last to feature its classic Woodstock era line-up. Before recording their fourth album Caravanserai, there had been multiple line-up changes, bassist David Brown left in 1971 before recording started and was replaced by Doug Rauch and Tom Rutley. Percussionist Michael Carabello left Santana and was replaced with two percussionists, Armando Peraza and Mingo Lewis, keyboardist/vocalist Gregg Rolie was replaced by Tom Coster on a few songs. Caravanserai debuted at number 8 on the pop charts, despite not spawning a hit single,13 months after Caravanserai, Santana released Welcome
4.
Wally Heider Studios
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Wally Heider Studios was a recording studio in San Francisco, California between 1969 and 1980, started by recording engineer and studio owner Wally Heider. In 1978, Heider sold the studio and its name to Filmways, but remained as manager until 1980 when Filmways sold it to a composed of Dan Alexander, Tom Sharples. The three partners renamed the business Hyde Street Studios, which is still a recording studio as of 2013. Heider and his crew were well known for making excellent studio and remote location recordings. Two years earlier, in 1967, Heider had been involved in recording at the Monterey Pop Festival. The studios were built by Dave Mancini, who built his own studio in the San Fernando Valley. Heider planned four studios—A and B on the floor and C and D upstairs. However, studio B was never finished and instead became a game room and he designed the console with 24 channels and an 8-channel monitor and cue—replicated in both the Studio 3 setup in Los Angeles and the remote truck. Monitor speakers were Altec 604-Es with McIntosh 275 tube power amps and they completed Studio C first and it began operating in May 1969 with staff that included General Manager Mel Tanner, Booking Agent Ginger Mews, Technician Harry Sitam, and Staff Engineer Russ Gary. Its dimensions were similar to Heiders Studio 3 in Hollywood—though its control room, the walls were kept from being parallel with square gypsum devices that were used as mid-range sound diffusers and absorbers. At the Grateful Deads request, its doors were covered with airbrushed paintings. Studios A and D became operational a few months later, between 1969 and 1970, many other high-profile acts followed, including Harry Nilsson, Crosby Stills Nash and Young, the Steve Miller Band. Creedence Clearwater Revival recorded several albums in that room, and named their record, engineers and staff of that era also included Bill Halverson, Stephen Barncard, and Glyn Johns. While Crosby Stills Nash and Young were recording, studio D opened and it was an exact replica of Heiders Hollywood Studio 3. Among its first uses was to record Jerry Garcia’s steel guitar overdub for Teach Your Children, while the recording setup was kept intact in studio C. In that same period, Deane Jensen supervised installation of a new Quad Eight console in studio A. Santana, CBS Records had a priority lease on Studio D for a year, before eventually taking over Coast Recorders as their west coast recording facility. Wally Heider Recording,1604 N. Cahuenga Blvd, Hollywood also known as Wally Heiders Studio 3,6371 Selma Ave, Los Angeles also known as Filmways-Heider Recording,1604 N. Cahuenga Blvd
5.
Latin rock
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Latin rock is a term to describe a music subgenre consisting in melting traditional sounds and elements of Latin American and Caribbean folk with rock music. However, it is used in the English-language media to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish or Portuguese vocals. This fact lead into a controversy about the scope of the terminology, Latin rock should not be confused with Rock music from Latin America or Rock en español. Its also closely related to the Latin alternative scene an often used to refer the same phenomenon. Rock music originated from African-American rhythm and blues, also, there was some influence of the traditional Latin music on it. Caribbean rhythms like calypso were remarkable on surf music, and there were some rock, Latin Rock was born in the United States at late 1950s. In 1958 and adaptation of a Mexican folk song called “La bamba” by the rock artist Ritchie Valens. That same year, instrumental rock band The Champs released Tequila, also the rise of the chicano rock in California joined, although not all of them could be considered as early Latin rock artists since many of them lacked the Latin folk influences. In 1969, after the release of the album by Santana, Latin rock appeared in the US. They treated to describe the music style as a fusion of Latin American and Caribbean rhythms, soul, jazz, funk, blues, psychedelia and rhythm. The genre arrived also in Europe, with the Spaniards Barrabás, Dutch Massada, meanwhile, Reggae music achieved a great success around the world. This rhythm originated in Jamaica arose during the 1960s, evolving from ska, rocksteady, since its origins along with rock music and rhythm and blues with Jamaican folk rhythms, the Caribbean and Continental Latin America elements influenced the scene. Nevertheless, Reggae or Ska have never considered as part of the Latin Rock, on the other hand, Disco Music also influenced Latin rock during the 1970s. After punk eclosion at late 1970s, the genre also was influenced by other music styles. Some British punk and new acts like The Clash included elements that could be considered as latin in Sandinista. Other bands such as Bow Wow Wow, Gang Of Four, in Spain, Los Coyotes, Los Mestizos and Radio Futura, that had been emerged as new wave and post-punk acts, finally got influenced by Latin music at mid 1980s. Spain would go on producing some Latin acts like Macaco, Amparanoia or Jarabe de Palo, in France, bands like Les Negresses Vertes played a fusion of rock with World music including Latin elements. But Manu Chao was the success of the Latin rock in France with the band Mano Negra with a style that would be known later as Latin alternative
6.
Chicano rock
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Chicano rock is rock music performed by Mexican American groups or music with themes derived from Chicano culture. Chicano Rock, to an extent, does not refer to any single style or approach. Some of these groups do not sing in Spanish at all, Chicano rock is the distinctive style of rock and roll music performed by Mexican Americans from East L. A. and Southern California that contains themes of their cultural experiences. There are two undercurrents in Chicano rock, one is a devotion to the original rhythm and blues and country roots of Rock and roll. Chicano rock n roll star Ritchie Valens, was a Mexican-American singer and songwriter influential in the Chicano rock movement and he recorded numerous hits during his short career, most notably the 1958 hit La Bamba. Valens died at age 17 in a crash with fellow musicians Buddy Holly. The tragedy was later immortalized as the day the music died in the song American Pie, another characteristic is the openness to Latin American sounds and influences. Los Lobos in particular alternates between R&B/roots rock and the Tex-Mex/Latin rock style, the 1958 hit song Tequila. was written and sung by the saxophone player Danny Flores and performed by The Champs. Flores, who died in September 2006, was known as the Godfather of Latino Rock, groups like Ozomatli and Quetzal had led the new wave of Latin Rock groups that fuse multiple musical genres. Ozomatli has been mixing rock, hip-hop, funk, cumbia and they do not have a category for Ozomatli because they mix genres and music together to where they are one, much like how they have spread their music around the globe. Their song “City of Angels, ” has presented Latino rock on the lands of America and has spread in the state of California. Quetzal, the band from the barrios of East Los Angeles has been creating heartfelt Latin folk. The band combines rock, Afro-Cuban, country blues, and jazz elements to support the wide-ranging, bilingual, the retro-futuristic mix has garnered praise from critics the LA Times calls them a world-class act and support from such luminaries as Los Lobos. Quetzal simultaneously forges a sound that makes you dance and contemplate change, another musician to consider includes Robert Lopez aka El Vez-The Mexican Elvis. Robert Lopez aka El Vez started operating an art gallery called “La Luz de Jesus”, since Lopez’s impersonator did not meet his expectation El Vez was created. El Vez’s first performance was in Memphis, Tennessee on August 16,1989, Lopez started making karaoke tapes while running his gallery. Most of his music does not include sacred topics, but it doesn’t mean he doesn’t respect them. His goal is to blur the line between what is sacred and profane allowing him to have wide age range in his audience and he has been releasing albums since 1994 continuing to use satire and humor in his songs to express revolutionary views. His lyrics are like history lessons containing strong, clear, radical message. Some teachers and professors use his music to teach history, Dick Hugg and KRLA1110 played a big role in promoting this music
7.
Psychedelic rock
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Many psychedelic groups differ in style, and the label is often used indiscriminately. Musically, the effects may be represented via novelty studio tricks, electronic or non-Western instrumentation, disjunctive song structures, some of the earlier 1960s psychedelic rock musicians were based in folk, jazz, and the blues, while others showcased an explicit Indian classical influence called raga rock. In the 1960s, there existed two main variants of the genre, the whimsical British pop-psychedelia, and the harder American West Coast acid rock. While acid rock is often deployed interchangeably with the psychedelic rock, it can also refer more specifically to the heavier. The genre bridged the transition from early blues- and folk-based rock to rock and hard rock. Since the late 1970s it has revived in various forms of neo-psychedelia. The term psychedelic was first coined in 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond as a descriptor for hallucinogenic drugs in the context of psychedelic psychotherapy. As the countercultural scene developed in San Francisco, the acid rock. In the popular music of the early 1960s, it was common for producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with form, arrangements, unnatural reverb. Some of the best known examples are Phil Spectors Wall of Sound production formula, there was no transition to be made. You go from things like Flying Purple People Eater to I Am the Walrus, music critic Richie Unterberger says that attempts to pin down the first psychedelic record are therefore nearly as elusive as trying to name the first rock & roll record. Some of the far-fetched claims include the instrumental Telstar and the Dave Clark Fives massively reverb-laden Any Way You Want It, the first mention of LSD on a rock record was the Gamblers 1960 surf instrumental LSD25. American folk singer Bob Dylan was an influence on mid 1960s rock music. He led directly to the creation of rock and the psychedelic rock musicians that followed. Molly Longman of mic. com writes that, in terms of bridging the relationship between music and hallucinogens, the Beatles and the Beach Boys were the eras most pivotal acts. The considerable success enjoyed by these two bands allowed them the freedom to experiment with new technology over entire albums. In Unterbergers opinion, the Byrds, emerging from the Californian folk scene, with their ominous minor key melodies, hyperactive instrumental breaks, and use of Gregorian chants. In the songs lyric, the requests, Take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship
8.
Blues rock
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Blues rock is a fusion genre combining elements of blues and rock. It is mostly an electric ensemble-style music with similar to electric blues. From its beginnings in the early- to mid-1960s, blues rock has gone through several stylistic shifts and along the way inspired hard rock, Southern rock, Blues rock continues to be an influence, with performances and recordings by several popular artists. Blues rock started with rock musicians in the United Kingdom and the United States performing American blues songs. They typically recreated electric Chicago-style blues songs, such as those by Muddy Waters, Jimmy Reed, Howlin Wolf, and Albert King, at faster tempos and with a more aggressive sound common to rock. In the UK, the style was popularized by such as the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, and the Animals. In the US, Lonnie Mack, the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, in the US, Johnny Winter, the Allman Brothers Band, and ZZ Top represented a hard rock trend. Although around this time, AllMusic commented, the lines between rock and hard rock were barely visible, there was a return to more blues-influenced styles. Groups, such as the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion and the White Stripes, brought an edgier, more diverse style into the 2000s, Blues rock bands borrow the idea of an instrumental combo and loud amplification from rock & roll. It is also played at a fast tempo, again distinguishing it from the blues. The core blues rock sound is created by the guitar, bass guitar. Often bands also included a harmonica, usually called a harp, the electric guitar is usually amplified through a tube guitar amplifier or using an overdrive effect. While 1950s-era blues bands would still use the upright bass, the blues rock bands of the 1960s used the electric bass. Keyboard instruments, such as the piano and Hammond organ, are occasionally used. As with the guitar, the sound of the Hammond organ is typically amplified with a tube amplifier. Vocals also typically play a key role, although the vocals may be equal in importance or even subordinate to the guitar playing. As well, a number of rock pieces are instrumental-only. Blues-rock pieces often follow typical blues structures, such as blues, sixteen-bar blues
9.
Sony Music
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Sony Music Entertainment is an American music company owned by Sony. It is incorporated as a partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, in 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987 and renamed it Sony Music Entertainment in 1991, the buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is one of the Big Three record companies, being the second largest after Universal Music Group, in 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several record companies. In 1934, in the midst of Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company, ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off. ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label and Okeh its subsidiary label and this allowed ARCs leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to their former owner Warner Bros. which sold them to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward on the Columbia label and he was succeeded by James Conkling as head of Columbia Records. In 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name, Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label. Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953 and in 1956, Conkling left Columbia and he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. His successor, Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company, and in 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music. In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its international distributor Philips Records with the goal of starting its own global record company. Philips acquisition of US-based Mercury Records in 1961 paved the way for this, elsewhere, CBSs Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963. In 1964, Columbia set out acquiring record companies in countries for its CBS Records International Unit. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. In late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived and this label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Dates biggest success was Time of the Season by the Zombies, the label was discontinued in 1970
10.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
11.
Carlos Santana
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Carlos Santana audio is a Mexican and American musician who first became famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s with his band, Santana, which pioneered a fusion of rock and Latin American music. The bands sound featured his melodic, blues-based guitar lines set against Latin and African rhythms featuring percussion instruments such as timbales, Santana continued to work in these forms over the following decades. He experienced a resurgence of popularity and critical acclaim in the late 1990s, in 2003 Rolling Stone magazine listed Santana at number 20 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He has won 10 Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards, Santana was born in Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico. He learned to play the violin at age five and the guitar at age eight under the tutelage of his father and his younger brother, Jorge Santana, would also become a professional guitarist. Young Carlos was heavily influenced by Ritchie Valens at a time there were very few Mexicans in American rock. The family moved from Autlán de Navarro to Tijuana, the city on Mexicos border with California, Carlos stayed in Tijuana but later joined his family in San Francisco, graduating from James Lick Middle School, and in 1965 from Mission High School. Carlos was accepted at California State University, Northridge, and Humboldt State University, Santana was influenced by popular artists of the 1950s such as B. B. King, T-Bone Walker, and John Lee Hooker. Soon after he began playing guitar, he joined local bands along the Tijuana Strip where he was able to begin adding his own touch to 50s Rock n Roll. He was also introduced to a variety of new influences, including jazz and folk music. After several years spent working as a dishwasher in a diner and busking for spare change, in 1966 he gained prominence due to a series of accidental events, all happening on the same day. Santana was a frequent spectator at Bill Grahams Fillmore West, during a Sunday matinee show, Paul Butterfield was slated to perform there but was unable to do so as a result of being intoxicated. Santanas manager, Stan Marcum, immediately suggested to Graham that Santana join the impromptu band, during the jam session, Santanas guitar playing and solo gained the notice of both the audience and Graham. During the same year, Santana formed the Santana Blues Band, with street musicians David Brown, Marcus Malone. With their highly original blend of Latin-infused rock, jazz, blues, salsa and African rhythms, the bands early success, capped off by a memorable performance at Woodstock in 1969, led to him signing a recording contract with Columbia Records, then run by Clive Davis. Santana was signed by CBS Records and went into the studio to record their first album and they were not satisfied with the release and decided changes needed to be made. This resulted in the dismissal of drummer Bob Livingston, Santana replaced him with Mike Shrieve, who had a strong background in both jazz and rock. Percussionist Marcus Malone was forced to quit the band due to manslaughter charges
12.
Santana (1969 album)
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Santana is the debut studio album by Latin rock band Santana released in 1969. Over half of the length is composed of instrumental music. At the suggestion of manager Bill Graham, the band took to writing more songs for more impact. The album was destined to be a release, given a headstart by the bands seminal performance at the Woodstock Festival earlier that August. Although Jingo was not very successful, Evil Ways, the single taken from the album, was a U. S. The album peaked at #4 on the Billboard 200 pop album chart and it has been mixed and released in both stereo and quadraphonic. In a contemporary review for Rolling Stone, Langdon Winner panned Santana as a masterpiece of hollow techniques, village Voice critic Robert Christgau shared Winners sentiment in his unreconstructed opposition to the methedrine school of American music. A retrospective Rolling Stone review was enthusiastic, finding Santana thrilling. With ambition, soul and absolute conviction - every moment played straight from the heart, in 2003, the magazine ranked Santana number 150 on their list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Colin Larkin deemed it an excellent example of Latin rock in his Encyclopedia of Popular Music, all tracks written by the members of Santana except where noted. Writing credits and songs lengths are in accord with albums inner notes, note, Tracks 10–12 are from the studio sessions for the album recorded in May 1969
13.
Santana (1971 album)
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Santana is the third studio album by Santana. The bands second self-titled album, it is referred to as III to distinguish it from the bands 1969 debut album. The album was known as Man with an Outstretched Hand. The album featured two singles, Everybodys Everything, which hit #12 in October 1971, and No One to Depend On and this is the first album to feature 17-year-old Schon on guitar. The original album was recorded at Columbia Studios, San Francisco, Santana III was also the last Santana album to hit #1 on the charts until Supernatural in 1999
14.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
15.
Black Magic Woman
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In 1970, it became a hit by Santana, as sung by Gregg Rolie, reaching No.4 in the U. S. and Canadian charts, after appearing on their Abraxas album. In 2005 the song was covered by ex-Thin Lizzy guitarist Snowy White on his album The Way It Is, in 1996, the song was also covered by Gary Hoey on his album Bug Alley. Although not as popular as Santanas arrangement two years later, Black Magic Woman nevertheless became a popular blues rock hit peaking at No.37 in the UK Singles Chart. The song would often be preceded by a band member reminding the audience that it was a Fleetwood Mac song before it such a big hit for Santana. It is homophonic, the voice and lead guitar taking the lead roles, the song is set in common time, with the rhythm pushing on the upbeat, then breaking into a shuffle beat root -chord jam after the final verse. For most performances, it is played in standard, although to create a more faithful to the original recording. The haunting D minor triad from the 17 fret is played out on one guitar, Santanas version, recorded in 1970, is a medley with Gábor Szabós 1966 instrumental Gypsy Queen, a mix of jazz, Hungarian folk and Latin rhythms. The song became one of Santanas staples and one of their biggest hits, Abraxas reached #1 on the charts and hit quadruple platinum in 1986, partially thanks to Black Magic Woman. Gypsy Queen was omitted from 1974s Santanas Greatest Hits album, even radio stations usually play Black Magic Woman. After the introductory solo, which follows the chord progression as the verse, the song moves into an eight-bar piano solo on D minor. Rolie also performs a solo on the Hammond B3 Organ in the middle of the song, there is also a single edit that runs for 3,15. On some radio versions the piano solo is omitted, and Gypsy Queen is sometimes omitted, other longer versions have since been released, including one which runs for 8,56. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
16.
Oye Como Va
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The song also reached #11 on the Billboard Easy Listening survey and #32 on their R&B chart. However, the first sentence is actually Oye como va mi ritmo, the song has the classic rhythm and tempo of cha-cha-cha. It has similarities with Chanchullo by Israel Cachao López, the Latin Beat Magazine writes, Cachaos tumbaos for his 1937 composition of Rareza de Melitón inspired Tito Puentes signature tune Oye Como Va. On the original recording of the song the voice of Santitos Colon, Cachao can be heard playing contrabass in some of Tito Puentes live versions of Oye Como Va. The song has had many arrangements and remakes by a number of artists in various tempi, NPR included the song in its NPR100, The most important American musical works of the 20th century. The electric guitar part takes on Puentes flute melody, and the organ provides accompaniment, there are several guitar solos and an organ solo, all of which are rooted in rock and the blues but also contain licks similar to those of the original arrangement. The song was inducted into the Latin Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001, Tito Puente, speaking in the intro to his recording of Oye Como Va on the album Mambo Birdland, said Everybodys heard of Santana. He put our music, Latin rock, around the world, and Id like to thank him publicly cause he recorded a tune and he gave me credit as the composer of the tune. The version of the song on Mambo Birdland is a Santana-ized version and this song has been recorded by many Latin musicians in the last fifty three years, with Santanas version being the most widely recognized. The Joe Cuba Sextette and Cheo Feliciano, cambodian singer Chea Savoeun has covered this song in Khmer called Im Always Satisfied in 1972. Jazz vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson on his 1975 album, Montara, Latin rapper and singer Gerardo recorded the song on his 1991 debut album, Mo Ritmo. Celia Cruz covered the song on her album, Siempre Viviré, Mexican electronic/rock band Kinky covered the song for their 2004 album Oye Como Va. The jazz/funk band New Orleans Nightcrawlers covered the song on their 2000 album Live at the Old Point. The Salsa Brothers featuring OJT on My Electric Oye Como Va Eliane Elias, Brazilian singer and pianist, recorded the song in 2006,36 years after Santana, on Elias version, there are additional lyrics written by Elias. Julio Iglesias included the song in 1994 on his album Crazy, azúcar Moreno recorded the song on their 1990 album Bandido, and coupled it with Santanas 1971 song Guajira in a two-songs medley. 2 Live Crew sampled the song on the track Mamolapenga on their 1990 album Banned in the U. S. A, the Mexican group Banda M-1 recorded a cumbia version in 1994. Joe Strummer and The Latino Rockabilly War, Natalie Cole recorded the song in 2013,43 years after Santana, on her #1 and Latin Grammy nominated album Natalie Cole en Español. The song is referenced in the Syfy Channels Warehouse 13 series in the season episode Around the Bend
17.
Hermann Hesse
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Hermann Karl Hesse was a German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. His best-known works include Demian, Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game, each of which explores an individuals search for authenticity, self-knowledge, in 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. Hermann Karl Hesse was born on 2 July 1877 in the Black Forest town of Calw in Württemberg and his grandparents served in India at a mission under the auspices of the Basel Mission, a Protestant Christian missionary society. Hesses mother, Marie Gundert, was born at such a mission in India in 1842, in describing her own childhood, she said, A happy child I was not. As was usual among missionaries at the time, she was left behind in Europe at the age of four when her parents returned to India, Hesses father, Johannes Hesse, the son of a doctor, was born in 1847 in the Estonian town of Paide. Johannes Hesse belonged to the German minority in the Russian-ruled Baltic region, Hermann had five siblings, but two of them died in infancy. In 1873, the Hesse family moved to Calw, where Johannes worked for the Calwer Verlagsverein, maries father, Hermann Gundert, managed the publishing house at the time, and Johannes Hesse succeeded him in 1893. Hesse grew up in a Swabian Pietist household, with the Pietist tendency to insulate believers into small, furthermore, Hesse described his fathers Baltic German heritage as an important and potent fact of his developing identity. His father, Hesse stated, always seemed like a polite, very foreign, lonely. His fathers tales from Estonia instilled a sense of religion in young Hermann. An exceedingly cheerful, and, for all its Christianity, a merry world and we wished for nothing so longingly as to be allowed to see this Estonia. Where life was so paradisiacal, so colorful and happy, from childhood, Hesse appeared headstrong and hard for his family to handle. In a letter to her husband, Hermanns mother Marie wrote, The little fellow has a life in him, a strength, a powerful will, and, for his four years of age. How can he express all that, Hesse showed signs of serious depression as early as his first year at school. The fictional town of Gerbersau is pseudonymous for Calw, imitating the real name of the town of Hirsau. It is derived from the German words gerber, meaning tanner, Calw had a centuries-old leather-working industry, and during Hesses childhood the tanneries influence on the town was still very much in evidence. Hesses favorite place in Calw was the St. Nicholas-Bridge, which is why the Hesse monument was built there in 2002, all this instilled a sense in Hermann Hesse that he was a citizen of the world. His family background became, he noted, the basis of an isolation, young Hesse shared a love of music with his mother
18.
Demian
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Demian, The Story of Emil Sinclairs Youth is a Bildungsroman by Hermann Hesse, first published in 1919, a prologue was added in 1960. Demian was first published under the pseudonym Emil Sinclair, the name of the narrator of the story, but Hesse was later revealed to be the author. Emil Sinclair is a boy raised in a middle class home, amidst what is described as a Scheinwelt. Emils entire existence can be summarized as a struggle between two worlds, the world of illusion and the real world, the world of spiritual truth. Emil Sinclair is the protagonist of the novel, Sinclair is confused as to what his life is, and is going to be, and constantly seeks mentorship throughout the novel. He tends to need validation by a figure, and finds mentors in figures such as Pistorius, Demian. Sinclairs mother and father are the symbols of safety toward which Sinclair first finds refuge, franz Kromer is a bully, whose psychological torture leads Sinclair to meet Demian. Max Demian is a friend and a mentor of Sinclair. Demian leads Sinclair to his eventual self-realization, and may be considered Emils daemon, alfons Beck is the sarcastic and avuncular oldest boy at the boarding house where Sinclair enrolls after his confirmation. Beck serves as a mentor to Sinclair, and introduces Sinclair to the joys. Pistorius is a rector, an organist at a church. Pistorius teaches Sinclair how to look inside himself for spiritual guidance, Frau Eva is Max Demians mother. She steadily becomes Sinclairs ideal characterisation in life, first in his pictures and visions, since at least 1914, if not 1909, Hesse had been encountering the newly growing field of psychoanalysis as it moved through the German intellectual circles. During the 1910s Hesse felt that his psychological difficulties which he had had as a youth, in 1916–17 he underwent treatment through psychoanalysis with Dr. Josef Lang, a disciple of Carl Jung. Through his contact with Lang and later, in 1921, from having psychoanalysis done by Jung, Hesse became very interested in Jungian analysis, Demian is replete with both Jungian archetypes and Jungian symbolism. Such themes appear throughout Demian as semi-autobiographical reflections upon Hesses own exploration of Jungian philosophy, one of the major themes is the existence of opposing forces and the idea that both are necessary. The novel refers to the idea of Gnosticism, particularly the god Abraxas, according to Hesse, the novel is a story of Jungian individuation, the process of opening up to ones unconsciousness. Women play a role in the Jungian interpretation of Demian
19.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
20.
Robert Christgau
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Robert Thomas Christgau is an American essayist, music journalist, and self-proclaimed Dean of American Rock Critics. One of the earliest professional rock critics, he spent 37 years as the music critic and senior editor for The Village Voice. He has also covered popular music for Esquire, Creem, Newsday, Playboy, Rolling Stone, Billboard, NPR, Blender, and MSN Music, and is a visiting arts teacher at New York University. Christgau is known for his terse capsule reviews, first published in his Consumer Guide columns during his tenure at The Village Voice from 1969 to 2006 and he has written three books based on those columns, along with two collections of essays. He continued writing capsule reviews in MSN Music, Cuepoint, Christgau was born in Greenwich Village and grew up in Queens, the son of a fireman. He has said he became a rock and roll fan when disc jockey Alan Freed moved to the city in 1954. After attending a school in New York City, he left New York for four years to attend Dartmouth College. While at college his musical interests turned to jazz, but he returned to rock after moving back to New York. Christgau has said that Miles Davis 1960 album Sketches of Spain initiated in him one phase of the disillusionment with jazz that resulted in my return to rock and he was deeply influenced by New Journalism writers such as Gay Talese and Tom Wolfe. My ambitions when I went into journalism were always, to an extent, literary, Christgau initially wrote short stories, before giving up fiction in 1964 to become a sportswriter, and later, a police reporter for the Newark Star-Ledger. He became a writer after a story he wrote about the death of a woman in New Jersey was published by New York magazine. He was asked to take over the dormant music column at Esquire, after Esquire discontinued the column, Christgau moved to The Village Voice in 1969, and he also worked as a college professor. In early 1972, he accepted a job as music critic for Newsday. Christgau returned to the Village Voice in 1974 as music editor and he remained there until August 2006, when he was fired shortly after the papers acquisition by New Times Media. Two months later, Christgau became an editor at Rolling Stone. Late in 2007, Christgau was fired by Rolling Stone, although he continued to work for the magazine for three months. Starting with the March 2008 issue, he joined Blender, where he was listed as senior critic for three issues and then contributing editor, Christgau had been a regular contributor to Blender before he joined Rolling Stone. He continued to write for Blender until the magazine ceased publication in March 2009, in 1987, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of Folklore and Popular Culture to study the history of popular music
21.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
22.
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
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The Rolling Stone Album Guide, previously known as The Rolling Stone Record Guide, is a book that contains professional music reviews written and edited by staff members from Rolling Stone magazine. Its first edition was published in 1979 and its last in 2004, the guide can be seen at Rate Your Music, while a list of albums given a five star rating by the guide can be seen at Rocklist. net. The Rolling Stone Record Guide was the first edition of what would later become The Rolling Stone Album Guide and it was edited by Dave Marsh and John Swenson, and included contributions from 34 other music critics. It is divided into sections by musical genre and then lists artists alphabetically within their respective genres, Albums are also listed alphabetically by artist although some of the artists have their careers divided into chronological periods. Dave Marsh, in his Introduction, cites as precedents Leonard Maltins book TV Movies and he gives Phonolog and Schwanns Records & Tape Guide as raw sources of information. The first edition included black and white photographs of many of the covers of albums which received five star reviews and these titles are listed together in the Five-Star Records section, which is coincidentally five pages in length. The edition also included reviews for many artists including Lenny Bruce, Lord Buckley, Bill Cosby, The Firesign Theatre, Spike Jones. Comedy artists were listed in the catch-all section Rock, Soul, Country and Pop, which included the genres of folk, bluegrass, funk, traditional pop performers were not included, with the notable exceptions of Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole. Included too were some artists who might now be considered as world music. Big band jazz was handled selectively, with certain band leaders omitted, many other styles of jazz did appear in the Jazz section. The book was notable for the time in the provocative, in your style of many of its reviews. For example, writing about Neil Youngs song, Down by the River and his colleague, Dave Marsh, in reviewing the three albums of the jazz fusion group Chase, gave a one-word review, Flee. Good, a record of average worth, but one that might possess considerable appeal for fans of a particular style, mediocre, a record that is artistically insubstantial, though not truly wretched. Poor, a record where even technical competence is at question or it was remarkably ill-conceived, worthless, a record that need never have been created. Reserved for the most bathetic bathwater, Dave Marsh John Swenson Billy Altman Bob Blumenthal Georgia Christgau Jean-Charles Costa Chet Flippo Russell Gersten Mikal Gilmore Alan E. Like the first edition, it was edited by Dave Marsh and it included contributions from 52 music critics and featured chronological album listings under the name of each artist. In many cases, updates from the first edition consist of short, the only difference is that in addition to a rating, the second edition employs the pilcrow mark to indicate a title that was out of print at the time the guide was published. Many records had their ratings lowered as the book now offered a revisionist slant to rocks history and it included contributions from 16 music critics and featured alphabetical album listings under the name of each artist
23.
Annunciation
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Gabriel told Mary to name her son Yehoshua, meaning YHWH is salvation. According to Luke 1,26, the Annunciation occurred in the month of Elizabeths pregnancy with John the Baptist. Many Christians observe this event with the Feast of the Annunciation on 25 March, an approximation of the vernal equinox nine full months before Christmas. In England, this came to be known as Lady Day and it marked the new year until 1752. The 2nd-century writer Irenaeus of Lyon regarded the conception of Jesus as 25 March coinciding with the Passion, the Annunciation has been a key topic in Christian art in general, as well as in Marian art in the Catholic Church, particularly during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. A work of art depicting the Annunciation is sometimes called an Annunciation. 28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured,29 And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be. 30 And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary,31 And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS. 34 Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be,36 And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age, and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren. 37 For with God nothing shall be impossible,38 And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her,19 Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily. 21 And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS,35 In answer the angel said to her, Holy spirit will come upon you, and power of the Most High will overshadow you. And for that reason the one who is born will be called holy, manuscript 4Q246 of the Dead Sea Scrolls reads, shall be great upon the earth. O king, all people shall make peace, and all shall serve him and he shall be called the son of the Great God, and by his name shall he be hailed as the Son of God, and they shall call him Son of the Most High. It has been suggested that the similarity in content is such that Lukes version may in some way be dependent on the Qumran text, the Annunciation is described in the Quran, in Sura 003,045 verses 45–51,45 Behold. Muslim tradition holds that the Annunciation took place during the month of Ramadan, in Greek, the Annunciation is known as the Good Tidings or Evangelism. In the Orthodox Churches that use a new style Calendar, the feast is celebrated on March 25, in churches using the old style Julian calendar, the feast day is April 7. The traditional hymn for the feast of the Annunciation goes back to St Athanasius, indeed, the Divine Liturgy is celebrated on Great and Holy Friday only when the latter coincides with the feast of the Annunciation
24.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
25.
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time
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The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time is a 2003 special issue of American magazine Rolling Stone, and a related book published in 2005. The lists presented were compiled based on votes from selected rock musicians, critics, and industry figures, and predominantly feature American and British music from the 1960s and the 1970s. In 2012, Rolling Stone published an edition of the list drawing on the original. It was made available in bookazine format on newsstands in the US from April 27 to July 25, the new list contained 38 albums not present in the previous one,16 of them released after 2003. The accounting firm Ernst & Young devised a point system to weigh votes for 1,600 submitted titles, the list includes a few compilations, and greatest hits collections. The following authors contributed to the made of each album, An amended list was released in book form in 2005. The Complete Recordings would be reinstated to the list in the 2012 edition. E. M, the Rolling Stone 500 has also been criticised for being male-dominated, outmoded and almost entirely Anglo-American in focus. Following the publicity surrounding the list, rock critic Jim DeRogatis and this featured a number of generally younger critics arguing against the high evaluation of various great albums, some of which had been included in the list, including DeRogatis taking on Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, which had been Rolling Stones top choice
26.
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
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1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die is a musical reference book first published in 2005 by Universe Publishing. It compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of critics to be the most important, influential. The book was edited by Robert Dimery, a writer and editor who had worked for magazines such as Time Out. Each entry in the books list of albums is accompanied by an essay written by a music critic, along with pictures, quotes. Only albums consisting fully of original material by a particular artist were included, the most recent edition consists of a list of albums released between 1955 and 2016, part of a series from Quintessence Editions Ltd. The book is arranged chronologically, starting with Frank Sinatras In the Wee Small Hours, in February 2006, Publishers Weekly called the book a. bookshelf-busting testament to music geeks mania for lists and said it. is about as comprehensive a best-of as any sane person could want. They continued, For music lovers, it doesnt get much better, the 2006 version had an average rating of 3.92 stars out of 5 on Amazon. coms social cataloging website Goodreads, with 860 ratings as of April 30,2015. The same 2006 version had a rating of 3.5 stars out of 5 on Amazon. com. Most of the recommendations are rock and pop albums from the Western world. 1001 Albums also features selections from world music, rhythm and blues, blues, folk, hip hop, country, electronic music, and jazz. The rock and pop albums include such subgenres as punk rock, grindcore, heavy metal, alternative rock, progressive rock, easy listening, thrash metal, grunge and 1950s-style rock, classical and modern art music are excluded. These artists have the most albums in the 2016 edition,7 albums, The Beatles, Elvis Costello, Bob Dylan. 6 albums, Morrissey, The Rolling Stones,5 albums, The Byrds, Brian Eno, Led Zeppelin, Iggy Pop, Sonic Youth, Bruce Springsteen, Tom Waits, The Who. 4 albums, Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds, Leonard Cohen, Miles Davis, P. J. Harvey, The Kinks, Metallica, Joni Mitchell, Pink Floyd, Radiohead, steely Dan, The Talking Heads, U2, Stevie Wonder. Originally published in 2005, the book was revised in 2008,2011,2013, the 2011 edition includes 25 albums released from 2005 to 2009, with the same number of albums removed from the first edition to keep the total at 1001
27.
The Village Voice
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The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the countrys first alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf, Ed Fancher and Norman Mailer, since its founding, The Village Voice has received three Pulitzer Prizes, the National Press Foundation Award and the George Polk Award. Among news sources, The Village Voice is known for its combination of news reporting and arts & culture coverage. The Village Voice has hosted a variety of writers and artists, including writer Ezra Pound, cartoonist Lynda Barry. In addition to daily coverage through its website and a print edition that circulates in New York City. In the 1960s the offices were located at Sheridan Square, then, from the 70s through 1980, at 11th Street and University Place, in 1991 they moved to Cooper Square in the East Village, and in 2013, to the Financial District. John Wilcock wrote a column every week for the papers first ten years, another regular from that period was the cartoonist Kin Platt, who did weekly theatrical caricatures. Other prominent regulars have included Peter Schjeldahl, Ellen Willis, Tom Carson, Wayne Barrett, the Voice has published investigations of New York City politics, as well as reporting on national politics, with arts, culture, music, dance, film, and theater reviews. Writers for the Voice have received three Pulitzer Prizes, in 1981,1986 and 2000, almost since its inception the paper has recognized alternative theater in New York through its Obie Awards. The papers Pazz & Jop music poll, started by Robert Christgau in the early 1970s, is released annually, in 1999, film critic J. Hoberman and film section editor Dennis Lim began a similar Village Voice Film Poll for the year in film. In 2001 the paper sponsored its first music festival, Siren Festival, in 2011, the event moved to the lower tip of Manhattan and re-christened the 4knots Music Festival, a reference to the speed of the East Rivers current. Today, the Voice is known for its support for the civil rights of gays. However, early in its history, the newspaper had a reputation as having an anti-homosexuality slant, while reporting on the Stonewall riots of 1969, the newspaper referred to the riots as The Great Faggot Rebellion. Two reporters, Smith and Truscott, both used the words faggot and dyke in their articles about the riots, the newspaper changed their policy after the GLF petitioned the newspaper to do so. Over time, the Voice has changed its stance, and in 1982, as a testament to the Voices popularity in New York City, the paper is mentioned in the musical Rent during the song La Vie Boheme. The line states To riding your bike midday past the three suits, to fruits, to no absolutes, to Absolut, to choice, to The Village Voice. Seventeen alternative weeklies around the United States are owned by the Voices parent company Village Voice Media, in 2005, the Phoenix alternative weekly chain New Times Media purchased the company and took the Village Voice Media name. After The Village Voice was acquired by New Times Media in 2005, the Voice was then managed by two journalists from Phoenix, Arizona
28.
Samba
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It is recognized around the world as a symbol of Brazil and the Brazilian Carnival. Considered one of the most popular Brazilian cultural expressions, samba has become an icon of Brazilian national identity. The Bahian Samba de Roda, which became a UNESCO Heritage of Humanity in 2005, is the root of the samba carioca. Traditionally, the samba is played by strings and various instruments such as tamborim. Influenced by American orchestras in vogue since the Second World War and the impact of US music post-war, samba began to use trombones, trumpets, choros, flutes. Anonymous community artists, including painters, sculptors, designers, and stylists, make the clothes, costumes, carnival floats, there is also a great tradition of ballroom samba in Brazil, with many styles. The Samba National Day is celebrated on December 2, the date was established at the initiative of Luis Monteiro da Costa, an Alderman of Salvador, in honor of Ary Barroso. He composed Na Baixa do Sapateiro even though he had never been in Bahia, thus 2 December marked the first visit of Ary Barroso to Salvador. Initially, this day was celebrated only in Salvador, but eventually it turned into a national holiday, Samba is a local style in Southeastern Brazil and Northeast Brazil, especially in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador and Recife. The etymology of samba is uncertain, possibilites include, The Portuguese verb sambar, to do joiners work, and the Portuguese noun sambúco, a historic string instrument, a kind of harp or lyre. It is uncertain whether the African Semba dance is related to the Brazilian Samba, in only two Bantu languages does the verb-root semba mean dance, while in others it denotes unrelated things like hunger or cloth. According to Hiram Araújo da Costa, over the centuries, the festival of dances of slaves in Bahia were called samba. In Argentina, there is a dance called Zamba, a name seems to share etymological origins with the Samba. Early styles of samba - and specifically samba de roda - are traced back to the Recôncavo region of Bahia during the 17th century, and the informal dancing following a candomblé ceremony. Samba schools are large organizations of up to 5,000 people which compete annually in the Carnival with thematic floats, elaborate costumes, and original music. During the first decade of the 20th century, some songs under the name of samba were recorded, however, in 1917, Pelo Telefone was recorded, and it is considered the first true samba. The song was claimed to be authored by Ernesto dos Santos, best known as Donga, with co-composition attributed to Mauro de Almeida, actually, Pelo Telefone was created by a collective of musicians who participated in celebrations at the house of Tia Ciata. It was eventually registered by Donga and the Almeida National Library, Pelo Telefone was the first composition to achieve great success with the style of samba and to contribute to the dissemination and popularization of the genre
29.
Yoruba language
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Yoruba is a language spoken in West Africa. The number of speakers of Yoruba is approaching 30 million and it is a pluricentric language spoken principally in Benin and Nigeria, with communities in other parts of Africa, the Americas, and Europe. A variety of the language, Lucumi, is the language of the Santería religion of the Caribbean. Many Yoruba words are used in the Afro-Brazilian religion known as Candomblé, Yoruba is most closely related to the Itsekiri language and to Igala. The linguistic unity of the Niger–Congo family dates to deep prehistory, main article, Yoruboid languages The Yoruba group is assumed to have developed out of undifferentiated Volta–Niger populations by the 1st millennium BC. Settlements of early Yoruba speakers are assumed to correspond to those found in the wider Niger area from about the 4th century BC, especially at Ife. According to the Kay Williamson Scale, the following is the degree of relationship between Itsekiri and other Yoruboid dialects, using a word list of the most common words. A similarity of 100% would mean a total overlap of two dialects, while a similarity of 0 would mean two speech areas that have no relationship. The result of the wordlist analysis shows that Itsekiri bears the strongest similarity to the SEY dialects and most especially Ilaje and Ikale, at 80. 4% and 82. 3% similarity. Thus while the shows that Igala, with an overlap of 60% is a completely different language. The Yoruba dialect continuum itself consists of several dialects, the various Yoruba dialects in the Yorubaland of Nigeria can be classified into Five major dialect areas, Northwest, Northeast, Central, Southwest and Southeast. Clear boundaries cannot be drawn, peripheral areas of dialectal regions often having some similarities to adjoining dialects, north-West Yoruba Egba, Ibadan, Egbado/Yewa, Ọyọ, Western Ogun, Lagos/Eko. North-East Yoruba Yagba, Owe, Ijumu, Oworo, Gbede, Central Yoruba Igbomina, Ijesha, Ifẹ, Ekiti, Akurẹ, Ẹfọn. South-East Yoruba Ikale, Ilaje, Ondo City, Ọwọ, Idanre, Akoko, Remo, south-West Yoruba Ketu, Awori, Sakété, Ifè, Idasha, Ipokia/Anago. North-West Yoruba is historically a part of the Ọyọ Empire, ethnographically, traditional government is based on a division of power between civil and war chiefs, lineage and descent are unilineal and agnatic. South-East Yoruba was probably associated with the expansion of the Benin Empire after c, in contrast to NWY, lineage and descent are largely multilineal and cognatic, and the division of titles into war and civil is unknown. Linguistically, SEY has retained the /gh/ and /gw/ contrast, while it has lowered the nasal vowels /ịn/ and /ụn/ to /ẹn/ and /ọn/, the emergence of a plural of respect may have prevented coalescence of the two in NWY dialects. Central Yoruba forms an area in that the lexicon has much in common with NWY
30.
Nick Hornby
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Nicholas Peter John Nick Hornby is an English novelist, essayist, lyricist, and screenwriter. He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch and novels High Fidelity and About a Boy, Hornbys work frequently touches upon music, sport, and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists. His books have more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2013. In a 2004 poll for the BBC, Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture, Hornby was born in Redhill, Surrey, the son of Sir Derek Peter Hornby, the chairman of London and Continental Railways, and Margaret Audrey Hornby. He was brought up in Maidenhead, and educated at Maidenhead Grammar School and Jesus College, Cambridge and his parents divorced when he was eleven. Hornby published his first book in 1992, a collection of essays about American Writers such as Tobias Wolff and Ann Beattie, Hornbys second book, Fever Pitch, also published in 1992, is an autobiographical story detailing his fanatical support for Arsenal Football Club. As a result, Hornby received the William Hill Sports Book of the Year Award. In 1997, the memoir was adapted for film in the UK, and in 2005 an American remake was released, following Jimmy Fallons characters obsession with the Boston Red Sox, a baseball team. With the books success, Hornby began to publish articles in the Sunday Times, Time Out, High Fidelity — his third book and first novel — was published in 1995. The novel, about a record collector and his failed relationships, was adapted into a 2000 film starring John Cusack. Hugh Grant and Nicholas Hoult starred in the 2002 film version, in 1999, Hornby received the E. M. Forster Award of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Hornbys next novel, How to Be Good, was published in 2001, the female protagonist in the novel explores contemporary morals, marriage and parenthood. It won the W. H. Smith Award for Fiction in 2002, part of the money he earned with his next book, Speaking with the Angel in 2002, was donated to TreeHouse, a charity for children with autism, the disorder that affects Hornbys own son. He was editor of the book, which contained short stories written by his friends. He also contributed to the collection with the story NippleJesus, in 2003, Hornby wrote a collection of essays on selected popular songs and the emotional resonance they carry, called 31 Songs. Also in 2003, Hornby was awarded the London Award 2003, Hornby has also written essays on various aspects of popular culture, and in particular, he has become known for his writing on pop music and mix tape enthusiasts. Since 2003, he has written a book column, Stuff Ive Been Reading, for the monthly magazine The Believer. The Dirt, Shakespeare Wrote for Money, and More Baths Less Talking, Hornbys novel A Long Way Down was published in 2005, with a film version of this book released in 2014
31.
Songbook (Nick Hornby book)
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Songbook is a 2002 collection of 26 essays by English writer Nick Hornby about songs and the particular emotional resonance they carry for him. In the UK, Sony released a stand-alone CD, A Selection of Music from 31 Songs, the hardcover edition of Songbook, published in the US by McSweeneys and illustrated by Marcel Dzama, includes a CD with 11 of the songs featured in the book. The music varies from established classics like Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan to independents like Ani DiFranco, Top 40 pop like Nelly Furtado, and a few songs with special meaning only to Hornby. Song by song, Hornby delves into what makes music catchy or classic, the paperback edition of Songbook adds a few music-related essays by Hornby from other sources. After the release of Songbook, McSweeney accepted online submissions from authors writing about their songs in the same manner as Hornby. These submissions were posted to the McSweeney website, after Hornby mentioned he was a fan in Songbook, Ben Folds contacted him and Hornby wrote the song Thats Me Trying for William Shatners album Has Been. There are 31 songs, but only 26 essays, in a few instances, multiple songs are discussed within a single piece. / The Beatles – Rain Ani DiFranco – You Had Time / Aimee Mann – Ive Had It Paul Westerberg – Born for Me Suicide – Frankie Teardrop / Teenage Fanclub – Aint That Enough The J. V. V, living With Music, A Playlist by Nick Hornby
32.
Marks & Spencer
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Marks and Spencer plc is a major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of Westminster, London. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE100 Index and it specialises in the selling of clothing, home products and luxury food products. M&S was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds, the company also began to sell branded goods like Kelloggs Corn Flakes in November 2008. In recent years its clothing sales have fallen whilst food sales have increased after the axing of St. Michaels naming for their own brand. The company was founded by a partnership between Michael Marks, a Polish Jew from Słonim, and Thomas Spencer, a cashier from the English market town of Skipton in North Yorkshire. On his arrival in England, Marks worked for a company in Leeds, called Barran, in 1884 he met Isaac Jowitt Dewhirst while looking for work. Dewhirst lent Marks £5 which he used to establish his Penny Bazaar on Kirkgate Market, Dewhirst also taught him a little English. Dewhirsts cashier was Tom Spencer, a bookkeeper, whose wife, Agnes. In 1894, when Marks acquired a permanent stall in Leeds covered market, in 1901 Marks moved to the Birkenhead open market where he amalgamated with Spencer. The pair were allocated stall numbers 11 &12 in the aisle in 1903. The company left Birkenhead Market on 24 February 1923 and it also accepted the return of unwanted items, giving a full cash refund if the receipt was shown, no matter how long ago the product was purchased, which was unusual for the time. M&S staff raised £5,000 to pay for a Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft called The Marksman in 1941, by 1950, virtually all goods were sold under the St Michael label. M&S lingerie, womens clothes and girls uniform were branded under the St Margaret label until the whole range of general merchandise became St Michael. Simon Marks, son of Michael Marks, died in 1964, Israel Sieff, the son-in-law of Michael Marks, took over as chairman and in 1968, John Salisse became the company Director. A cautious international expansion began with the introduction of Asian food in 1974, M&S opened stores in continental Europe in 1975 and in Ireland four years later. The company put its emphasis on quality, including a 1957 stocking size measuring system. For most of its history, it also had a reputation for offering fair value for money, when this reputation began to waver, it encountered serious difficulties. Arguably, M&S has historically been an iconic retailer of British Quality Goods, the uncompromising attitude towards customer relations was summarised by the 1953 slogan, The customer is always and completely right
33.
Cold Case
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Cold Case is an American police procedural television series which ran on CBS from September 28,2003 to May 2,2010. The series revolved around a fictionalized Philadelphia Police Department division that specializes in investigating cold cases, on May 18,2010, CBS announced that the series had been canceled. The series aired in syndication, and also on Ion Television in the U. S. sleuth also aired the series occasionally. In 2011, the show aired on MyNetworkTV, rush was initially partnered with Detective Chris Lassing in the first five episodes and then with Detective Scotty Valens for the remainder of the series. They work under Lieutenant John Stillman and are assisted by other detectives from their squad—Nick Vera, Will Jeffries, usually, each episode would focus on a single investigation. All cases involved murders committed in Philadelphia, although investigations occasionally required travel outside the city, cases were also spread out over much of the previous century, with some as recent as a year or two old and others dating back to the 1910s. Generally, an investigation would begin when the received a new lead. In some cases, the lack of a body meant that it was unclear if a crime had even occurred. Over the course of the episode, the detectives would interview witnesses associated with the crime and these interviews were accompanied by flashback sequences to the time of the murder which dramatized the testimony. Witness testimony, even people who would later be revealed as the killer, was almost never false. At most the guilty party would lie by omission, leaving out critical details, the witness testimony was also generally presented in chronological order so that it formed a cohesive linear story for the audience. This was done with different actors as children or much younger selves especially if the year in question was well in the past. If it was judged that the character was not likely to have altered in appearance significantly except for weight and gray hair and this was not just with the guest actors themselves but sometimes with the detectives as well if they had any involvement in the original investigation. Detective Jeffries for example had flashbacks to himself as a child in two episodes and a detective in another. The scene would show the details with exceptions having to do with the utter heinousness of the motive of the crime such as rape or sexual assault. The police would be shown arresting the killer and walking them into custody, the killer and other characters in the story would be seen as flashing back to their younger selves and as now. The spirit of the victim would be either by Lilly. This would be accompanied by the playing of a song meant to symbolize the period in which the killing took place, through the flashbacks, the show examined many issues related to 20th century history, including, racism, homophobia, sexism, abortion, and police brutality
34.
Coen brothers
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Joel David Coen and Ethan Jesse Coen, collectively referred to as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody and their best-reviewed works include Fargo, The Big Lebowski, No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, True Grit, and Inside Llewyn Davis. The brothers write, direct, and produce their films jointly, although until The Ladykillers, Joel received sole credit for directing and they often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing film credits for editor under the alias Roderick Jaynes. The duo also won the Palme dOr for Barton Fink, and were nominated for Fargo, the Coen brothers have written a number of films that neither of the two directed. Ethan is also a writer of stories, theater. Their films No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, Joel and Ethan Coen were born and raised in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Their mother, Rena, was an art historian at St. Cloud State University, when they were children, Joel saved money from mowing lawns to buy a Vivitar Super 8 camera. Together, the brothers remade movies they saw on television, with a kid, Mark Zimering. Their first attempt was a romp entitled Henry Kissinger, Man on the Go, cornel Wildes The Naked Prey became their Zeimers in Zambia, which also featured Ethan as a native with a spear. Joel Coen has said, in regards to whether our background influences our film making, theres no doubt that our Jewish heritage affects how we see things. Joel and Ethan graduated from St. Louis Park High School in 1973 and 1976 and they both also graduated from Bard College at Simons Rock in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Joel then spent four years in the film program at New York University. Ethan went on to Princeton University and earned a degree in philosophy in 1979. His senior thesis was a 41-page essay, Two Views of Wittgensteins Later Philosophy, Joel has been married to actress Frances McDormand since 1984. They adopted a son from Paraguay, named Pedro McDormand Coen and she also did a voice-over in Barton Fink. Ethan married film editor Tricia Cooke in 1990 and they have two children, daughter Dusty and son Buster Jacob, who goes to Vassar College. Both couples live in New York, after graduating from New York University, Joel worked as a production assistant on a variety of industrial films and music videos. He developed a talent for film editing and met Sam Raimi while assisting Enda Ruth Paul in editing Raimis first feature film, in 1984, the brothers wrote and directed Blood Simple, their first commercial film together
35.
A Serious Man
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A Serious Man is a 2009 black comedy-drama film written, produced, edited and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. The film stars Michael Stuhlbarg as a Minnesota Jewish man whose life crumbles both professionally and personally, leading him to questions about his faith. In a prologue, a Jewish man in an unnamed 19th-century Eastern European shtetl tells his wife that he was helped on his way home by Reb Groshkover and she says Groshkover is dead and the man he invited must be a dybbuk. Groshkover arrives and laughs off the accusation, but she plunges an ice pick into his chest, bleeding, he exits their home into the snowy night. In 1967, Larry Gopnik is a professor of physics living in St. Louis Park and his wife, Judith, tells him that she needs a get so she can marry widower Sy Ableman, with whom she has fallen in love. Meanwhile, their son Danny owes twenty dollars for marijuana to an intimidating Hebrew school classmate and he has the money, but it is hidden in a transistor radio that was confiscated by his teacher. Daughter Sarah is always washing her hair and going out, Larrys brother, Arthur, sleeps on the couch and spends his free time filling a notebook with what he calls a probability map of the universe. Larry faces a vote on his application for tenure. Clive Park, a South Korean student worried about losing his scholarship, after he leaves, Larry finds an envelope stuffed with cash. When Larry attempts to return it, Clives father threatens to sue Larry either for defamation if Larry accuses Clive of bribery, at the insistence of Judith and Sy, Larry and Arthur move into a nearby motel. Judith empties the couples bank accounts, leaving Larry penniless, so he enlists the services of a divorce attorney, Larry learns Arthur faces charges of solicitation and sodomy. Larry turns to his Jewish faith for consolation and he consults two rabbis but his synagogues senior rabbi, Marshak, is never available. Larry and Sy are involved in separate, simultaneous car crashes, Larry is unharmed, but Sy dies. At Judiths insistence, Larry pays for Sys funeral, at the funeral, Sy is eulogized as a serious man. While her husband is away on business, Larry calls on his neighbor, Vivienne Samsky, whom he has seen sunbathing naked and he later dreams that he is having sex with her, but this turns into another nightmare. Larry is proud and moved by Dannys Bar Mitzvah, unaware that his son is under the influence of marijuana. During the service, Judith apologizes to Larry for all the recent trouble, Larrys department head compliments him on Dannys bar mitzvah and hints that he will receive tenure. The mail brings a $3,000 bill from Arthurs lawyer, Larry decides to amend Clives mark from F to C-, whereupon Larrys doctor calls, asking to see him immediately about the results of a chest X-ray
36.
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States, the Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D. C. it also maintains the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, which houses the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center. The Library of Congress claims to be the largest library in the world and its collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 450 languages. Two-thirds of the books it acquires each year are in other than English. The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for years in the temporary national capitals of New York. John J. Beckley, who became the first Librarian of Congress, was two dollars per day and was required to also serve as the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s, most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books. After a period of growth, another fire struck the Library in its Capitol chambers in 1851, again destroying a large amount of the collection. The Library received the right of transference of all copyrighted works to have two copies deposited of books, maps, illustrations and diagrams printed in the United States. It also began to build its collections of British and other European works and it included several stories built underground of steel and cast iron stacks. Although the Library is open to the public, only high-ranking government officials may check out books, the Library promotes literacy and American literature through projects such as the American Folklife Center, American Memory, Center for the Book, and Poet Laureate. James Madison is credited with the idea for creating a congressional library, part of the legislation appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress. And for fitting up an apartment for containing them. Books were ordered from London and the collection, consisting of 740 books and 3 maps, was housed in the new Capitol, as president, Thomas Jefferson played an important role in establishing the structure of the Library of Congress. The new law also extended to the president and vice president the ability to borrow books and these volumes had been left in the Senate wing of the Capitol. One of the only congressional volumes to have survived was a government account book of receipts and it was taken as a souvenir by a British Commander whose family later returned it to the United States government in 1940. Within a month, former president Jefferson offered to sell his library as a replacement
37.
National Recording Registry
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The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States. The registry was established by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, the legislative intent of the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 was to develop a national program to guard Americas sound recording heritage. The Act resulted in the formations of the National Recording Registry, The National Recording Preservation Board, beginning in 2002, the National Recording Preservation Board began selecting nominated recordings each year to be preserved. The first four yearly lists included 50 selections, however, since 2006,25 recordings have been selected annually. Thus, a total of 475 recordings have been preserved in the Registry as of 2017, each calendar year, public nominations are accepted for inclusion in that years list of selections to be announced the following spring. Those recordings on the Library of Congress National Recording Registry that are of a political nature will tend to overlap with the collection of the National Archives. The list shows overlapping items and whether the National Archives has an original or a copy of the recording, recordings may be a single item or group of related items, published or unpublished, and may contain music, non-music, spoken word, or broadcast sound. Recordings will not be considered for inclusion into the National Recording Registry if no copy of the recording exists, no recording should be denied inclusion into the National Recording Registry because that recording has already been preserved. No recording is eligible for inclusion into the National Recording Registry until ten years after the recordings creation, on January 27,2003, the following 50 selections were announced by the National Recording Preservation Board. In March 2004, the following 50 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board, in April 2005, the following 50 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board. In April 2006, the following 50 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board, on March 6,2007, the following 25 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board. On May 14,2008, the following 25 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board, on June 10,2009, the following 25 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board. On June 23,2010, the following 25 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board, on April 6,2011, the following 25 selections were announced. On May 23,2012, the following 25 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board, on March 21,2013, the following 25 selections were announced. On April 2,2014, the following 25 selections were announced, on March 25,2015, the following 25 selections were announced. On March 23,2016, the following 25 selections were announced, on March 29,2017, the following 25 selections were announced. As of 2014, the oldest recording on the list is Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinvilles Phonautograms which date back to 1853. The most recent is Fanfare for the Uncommon Woman by Joan Tower, performed by the Colorado Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Marin Alsop, which was released in 1999
38.
Instrumental
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An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics, or singing, although it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a Big Band setting. The music is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments, if the instrumental section highlights the skill, musicality, and often the virtuosity of a particular performer, the section may be called a solo. If the instruments are percussion instruments, the interlude can be called a percussion interlude or percussion break and these interludes are a form of break in the song. One example of a genre in which both vocal/instrumental and solely instrumental songs are produced is blues, another example of a genre in popular culture is Hip Hop, Pop, and R&B. Many upcoming or rising artists in Hip Hop, Pop, and R&B will find an instrumental online on a website, like www. beatsbytoon. com, an instrumental version of a song which otherwise features vocals is also known as a -1. The opposite of instrumental music, that is, music for voices alone, without any accompaniment instruments, is a cappella, an Italian phrase that means in the chapel. In early music, instruments such as trumpet and drums were considered outdoor instruments, a capella music exists in both Classical music choir pieces and in popular music styles such as doo wop groups and Barbershop quartets. Some recordings which include brief examples of the voice are typically considered instrumentals. An ominous statement at the end Inclusion of field recordings which may or may not contain non-lyrical words, a few songs categorized as instrumentals may even include actual vocals, if they appear only as a short part of an extended piece. Falling just outside that definition is Theme From Shaft by Isaac Hayes. com with a sample of each
39.
Peter Green (musician)
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Peter Green is a British blues rock guitarist. As the founder of Fleetwood Mac, he was inducted into the Rock, Greens songs, such as Albatross, Black Magic Woman, Oh Well, and Man of the World, appeared on the record charts, and several have been adapted by a variety of musicians. Green was a figure in the second great epoch of the British blues movement. B. B. King commented, He has the sweetest tone I ever heard, Eric Clapton and Jimmy Page have both praised his guitar playing, he is noted for his use of string bending, vibrato, and economy of style. Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Green at number 38 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and his tone on the instrumental The Supernatural was rated as one of the 50 greatest of all time by Guitar Player. In June 1996, Green was voted the third-best guitarist of all time in Mojo magazine, Peter Allen Greenbaum was born in Bethnal Green, London on 29 October 1946. He first played guitar in a band called Bobby Dennis and the Dominoes. He later stated that Hank Marvin was his hero and he played The Shadows song Midnight on the 1996 tribute album Twang. He went on to join rhythm and blues outfit the Muskrats, in 1966, Green played lead guitar in Peter Bardens band Peter Bs Looners, where he met drummer Mick Fleetwood. It was with Peter Bs Looners that he made his recording début with the single If You Wanna Be Happy with Jodrell Blues as a B-side and his recording of If You Wanna Be Happy was an instrumental cover of a song by Jimmy Soul. After three months with Bardens group, Green had the opportunity to fill in for Eric Clapton in John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers for three concerts, soon after, when Clapton left the Bluesbreakers, Green became a full-time member of Mayalls band. Mayall answered, Hes not with us anymore, he us a few weeks ago. I was in a shock of state but Mayall said, Dont worry, I said, Wait a minute, hang on a second, this is ridiculous. John said, He might not be now, but you wait. The latter was one of Greens first instrumentals, which would become a trademark. So proficient was he that his musician friends bestowed upon him the nickname The Green God, in 1967, Green decided to form his own blues band and left the Bluesbreakers. Greens new band, with former Bluesbreaker Mick Fleetwood on drums, bob Brunning was temporarily employed on bass guitar, as Greens first choice, Bluesbreakers bassist John McVie, was not yet ready to join the band. Within a month they played at the Windsor National Jazz and Blues Festival in August 1967 and were signed to Mike Vernons Blue Horizon label
40.
Tito Puente
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Ernesto Antonio Tito Puente was an American musician, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for dance-oriented mambo and Latin jazz compositions that endured over a 50-year career and he and his music appear in many films such as The Mambo Kings and Fernando Truebas Calle 54. He guest-starred on several shows, including Sesame Street and The Simpsons two-part episode Who Shot Mr. Burns. Tito Puente was born on April 20,1923, at Harlem Hospital Center in the New York borough of Manhattan and his family moved frequently, but he spent the majority of his childhood in the Spanish Harlem area of the city. Puentes father was the foreman at a razorblade factory, as a child, he was described as hyperactive, and after neighbors complained of hearing seven-year-old Puente beating on pots and window frames, his mother sent him to 25-cent piano lessons. By the age of 10, he switched to percussion, drawing influence from jazz drummer Gene Krupa and he later created a song-and-dance duo with his sister Anna in the 1930s and intended to become a dancer, but an ankle tendon injury prevented him pursuing dance as a career. When the drummer in Machitos band was drafted to the army, Tito Puente served in the Navy for three years during World War II after being drafted in 1942. He was discharged with a Presidential Unit Citation for serving in nine battles on the escort carrier USS Santee, the GI Bill allowed him to study music at Juilliard School of Music, where he completed a formal education in conducting, orchestration and theory. In 1969, he received the key to the City of New York from former Mayor John Lindsay, in 1992, he was inducted into the National Congressional Record, and in 1993 he received the James Smithson Bicentennial Medal from the Smithsonian. During the 1950s, Puente was at the height of his popularity, and helped to bring Afro-Cuban and Caribbean sounds like mambo, son, Puente was so successful playing popular Afro-Cuban rhythms that many people mistakenly identify him as Cuban. Dance Mania, possibly Puentes most well known album, was released in 1958, later, he moved into more diverse sounds, including pop music, bossa nova and others, eventually settling down with a fusion of Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz. In 1979, Puente won the first of five Grammy Awards for the albums A Tribute to Benny Moré, On Broadway, Mambo Diablo, in 1990, Puente was awarded the James Smithson Bicentennial Medal. He was also awarded a Grammy at the first Latin Grammy Awards, in 1995, he appeared as himself on the Simpsons episode Who Shot Mr. Burns. In early 2000, he shot the music documentary Calle 54 and he was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2003. Puentes son Richard Richie Puente was the percussionist in the 70s Funk Band Foxy, Puentes youngest son, Tito Puente Jr. Puentes granddaughter, Janeen Puente, is a singer and bandleader. Her band is known as the Janeen Puente Orchestra, on September 10,2007, a United States Post Office in Spanish Harlem was named after him at a ceremony presided by House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Charles Rangel and Rep. José Serrano. An amphitheatre was named in his honor at Luis Muñoz Marín Park, next to the Roberto Clemente Coliseum, in San Juan, Puente performed at the closing ceremonies at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. The timbales he used there are on display at the National Museum of American History in Washington D. C, in 1997, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts
41.
Gregg Rolie
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Gregg Alan Rolie is an American singer and keyboardist. Rolie served as singer of the bands Santana, Journey. He also helmed rock group The Storm, and currently performs with his Gregg Rolie Band, Rolie is a two-time inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, having been inducted both as a member of Santana in 1998 and as a member of Journey in 2017. Prior to Santana, Rolie played with a group called William Penn and his Pals while attending Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California, circa 1965. A year after graduating high school in 1965, Rolie joined Carlos Santana and others to form the Santana Blues Band. As a co-founding member of Santana, Rolie was part of the bands first wave of success, including an appearance at the Woodstock Music and Art Festival in 1969 and central roles in several hit albums. He is perhaps best known for being their lead vocalist, with his voice appearing on well-known Santana songs such as Black Magic Woman, Oye Como Va, No One To Depend On. He also became known for his skill on the Hammond B3 organ. However, persistent differences with Carlos Santana regarding the direction of the band led Rolie to leave at the end of 1971. In 1973 Rolie joined a new band with ex-Santana guitarist Neal Schon, starring in a lineup that featured Schon, Aynsley Dunbar, George Tickner, and Ross Valory, he was keyboardist for the bands first six albums. On Journey and Look into the Future, he was lead vocalist, after Steve Perry joined the band in 1977, Rolie sang co-lead vocals on several songs on the albums Infinity, Evolution, and Departure. After leaving Journey in 1980, Rolie released several solo albums and this album featured the song I Wanna Go Back, which later became a hit for Eddie Money, and included contributions from Carlos Santana, Peter Wolf, Neal Schon, and Craig Chaquico. A second solo effort, Gringo, was released in 1987, Rolie formed The Storm in 1991 with Steve Smith and Ross Valory of Journey. Despite this success, their album, recorded in 1993, was shelved, due to the industrys shifting focus to favor rap. It finally saw limited release in 1996, and in 1998, Rolie and other members of Santana, including Neal Schon, briefly reunited as Abraxas Pool. Besides Rolie and Wikso, Roots featured appearances by Neal Schon, Alphonso Johnson, Dave Amato, Adrian Areas, the Gregg Rolie Band saw Kurt Griffey taking over guitar duties and the addition of Wally Minko as a second keyboardist. They recorded a live CD at Sturgis called Rain Dance, which was released in 2009, in 2012–2014 he toured as a member of Ringo Starr and his All Starr Band performing Santana hits Black Magic Woman, Evil Ways and Everybodys Everything. The band also included Toto guitarist Steve Lukather, Todd Rundgren, Richard Page, Mark Rivera, on February 2,2013 Carlos Santana confirmed that he would reunite his classic lineup, most of whom played Woodstock with him in 1969
