Church of the Redeemer (Longport, New Jersey)
Church of the Redeemer, built in 1908, was a historic church at 20th and Atlantic Avenues in Longport, Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. It suffered a catastrophic fire in June 2012, was demolished. A re-creation of the church is under construction and scheduled to open in June 2014. Designed by the firm of Duhring, Okie & Ziegler, the building was the work of architect H. Louis Duhring, Jr. Duhring's father was a prominent Episcopal minister in Philadelphia, a friend of Joseph P. Remington, the donor of the land for the church; the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It was damaged in a fire on June 30, 2012; the fire was thought to be started when the church was struck by lightning from a storm connected with the June 2012 North American derecho severe-weather event. The surviving structure was deemed unsafe and demolished on July 2, 2012. National Register of Historic Places listings in Atlantic County, New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places property types
The U. S. National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of properties. Listed properties fall into one of five categories, though there are special considerations for other types of properties which do not fit into these five broad categories or fit into more specialized subcategories; the five general categories for NRHP properties are: building, object and structure. Listed properties fall into one of five categories, though there are special considerations for other types of properties which do not fit into these five broad categories or fit into more specialized subcategories; the five general categories for NRHP properties are: building, object and district. I When multiple like properties are submitted as a group and listed together, they are known as a Multiple Property Submission. Buildings, as defined by the National Register, are structures intended to shelter some sort of human activity. Examples include a house, hotel, church or similar construction.
The term building, as in outbuilding, can be used to refer to and functionally related units, such as a courthouse and a jail, or a barn and a house. Buildings included on the National Register of Historic Places must have all of their basic structural elements as parts of buildings, such as ells and wings; as such, the whole building is considered during the nomination and its significant features must be identified. If a nominated building has lost any of its basic structural elements, it is considered a ruin and categorized as a site; the National Register of Historic Places defines a historic district per U. S. federal law, last revised in 2004. According to the Register definition, a historic district is: "a geographically definable area, urban or rural, possessing a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, structures, or objects united by past events or aesthetically by plan or physical development. In addition, historic districts consist of non-contributing properties.
Historic districts possess a concentration, linkage or continuity of the other four types of properties. Objects, structures and sites within a historic district are thematically linked by architectural style or designer, date of development, distinctive urban plan, and/or historic associations." For example, the largest collection of houses from 17th and 18th century America are found in the McIntire Historic District in Salem, Massachusetts. Some NRHP-listed historic districts are further designated as National Historic Landmarks, termed National Historic Landmark Districts. All National Historic Landmarks are NRHP-listed. A contributing property is any building, object or site within the boundaries of the district which reflects the significance of the district as a whole, either because of historic associations, historic architectural qualities or archaeological features. Another key aspect of the contributing property is historic integrity. Significant alterations to a property can damage its physical connections with the past, lowering its historic integrity.
Objects are artistic in nature, or small in scale when compared to structures and buildings. Though objects may be movable, they are associated with a specific setting or environment. Examples of objects include monuments and fountains. Objects considered for inclusion on the NRHP, whether individually or as part of districts, should be designed for a specific location. Fixed outdoor sculpture, an example of public art, is appropriate for inclusion on the Register; the setting of an object is important in relation to the Register. It should be appropriate to roles, or character. In addition, objects that have been relocated to museums are not considered for inclusion on the Register. Sites may include discrete areas significant for activities in that location in the past, such as battlefields, significant archaeological finds, designed landscapes, other locations whose significance is not related to a building or structure. Sites possess significance for their potential to yield information in the future, though they are added to the Register under all four of the criteria for inclusion.
A sites need not have actual physical remains if it marks the location of a prehistoric or historic event, or if there were no buildings or structures present at the time of the events marked by the site. Site determination requires careful evaluation when the location of prehistoric or historic events cannot be conclusively determined. Structures differ from buildings, in that they are functional constructions meant to be used for purposes other than sheltering human activity. Examples include, a ship, a grain elevator, a gazebo and a bridge; the criteria of significance are applied to nominated structures in much the same fashion as they are for buildings. The basic structural elements must all be intact. An example would be a truss bridge being considered for inclusion. Said truss bridge is composed of metal or wooden truss and supporting piers. Structures that have lost their historic configuration or pattern of organization through demolition or deterioration, much like buildings, are considered ruins and classified as sites.
There are several other types of properties that do not fall neatly into the categories listed abo
Lucy the Elephant
Lucy the Elephant is a six-story elephant-shaped example of novelty architecture, constructed of wood and tin sheeting in 1881 by James V. Lafferty in Margate City, New Jersey five miles south of Atlantic City. Named Elephant Bazaar, Lucy was built to promote real estate sales and attract tourists. Today, Lucy is the oldest surviving roadside tourist attraction in America. In 1881, the U. S. Patent Office granted James V. Lafferty a patent giving him the exclusive right to make, use or sell animal-shaped buildings for a duration of seventeen years. Lafferty funded the design and construction of his first elephant-shaped building at South Atlantic City, now called Margate, he employed Philadelphia architects William J. Mason Kirby for the design. Lucy was modeled after "Jumbo the Elephant", the famous elephant with Barnum and Bailey's Greatest Show on Earth, constructed at a cost of $25,000 - $38,000. Named "Elephant Bazaar", the structure stands at 65 feet in height, 60 feet in length, 18 feet in width and weighs about 90 tons.
It is listed as the 12th tallest statue in the United States. Lucy was constructed with nearly one million pieces of wood, required 200 kegs of nails, 4 tons of bolts and iron bars. There are 22 windows placed throughout the structure. Lafferty brought potential real estate customers to view parcels of land from Lucy's howdah; the howdah offers unique views of Margate, Atlantic City's skyline, the beach, the Atlantic Ocean and it serves as an observation deck for modern day visitors during tours. The structure was sold to Anton Gertzen of Philadelphia in 1887 and remained in his family until 1970. Anton's daughter-in-law, Sophia Gertzen dubbed the structure "Lucy the Elephant" in 1902; the shape of Lucy's head is characteristic of an Asian Elephant, male elephants have tusks. The elephant was referred to as a male, but became known as a female.\ Through the first half of the 20th century, Lucy served as a restaurant, business office and tavern. The building was depicted on many souvenir postcards referred to as "The Elephant Hotel of Atlantic City."
Save Lucy Committee - By the 1960s, Lucy had fallen into disrepair and was scheduled for demolition. In 1969, Edwin T. Carpenter and a group of Margate citizens formed the Margate Civic Association, which became the Save Lucy Committee under Josephine Harron and Sylvia Carpenter, they were given a 30-day deadline to pay for its demolition. Various fund-raising events, the most successful a door-to-door canvass by volunteers, raised money. On July 20,1970 Lucy was moved about 100 yards to the west-southwest to a city owned lot and refurbished; the move took about seven hours. The building's original wooden frame was buttressed new steel, the deteriorated howdah was replaced with a replica. A plug of green glass set into the howdah platform refracts light into Lucy's interior. In 1972, Lucy appeared in the movie The King of Marvin Gardens, starring Jack Nicholson and Bruce Dern. In 1976, Lucy was designated a National Historic Landmark, during the United States Bicentennial celebration. In 1980, Lucy can be seen in the opening of the five time Oscar nominated film, Atlantic City, starring Burt Lancaster and Susan Sarandon.
In 1983, Lucy is shown on a postcard with a picture in the opening credits of the film, National Lampoon's Vacation. In 1986, Lucy appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. Mr. Rogers was shown taking a short tour of Lucy; every July 20, the building's birthday is celebrated with children's games and much fanfare. The Jardin the Paris Elephant, a real-life large elephant structure inspired by “Elephantine Colossus”, is featured as the location of the boudoir of Nicole Kidman's character in the 2001 film Moulin Rouge' In 2006, The television series, Weird U. S. shown on The History Channel featured Lucy in an episode. In 2006, Lucy was struck by lightning. In November, 2006, the building was prominently featured in an advertisement for Proformance Insurance. Lucy was featured in an episode of the 2009 television show Life After People, which illustrated how the environment would take over the structure without people to maintain Lucy. In a 2011 episode of Boardwalk Empire, which takes place in Atlantic City, Agent Van Alden mentions "a hotel shaped like an elephant" among the local attractions.
In October, 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall near Margate. Lucy remained unscathed, although the surge reached the building's toes and a small booth in the parking lot was blown over. Lucy was featured in Stay Close by Harlan Coben. On June 14, 2014, The Travel Channel's Monumental Mysteries featured Lucy the Elephant in an episode. April 18, 2015: Lucy was featured in the Bill Griffith daily comic strip "Zippy the Pinhead". In 2015, Lucy was featured in the opening credits of the film Vacation, similar to the original 1983 film, National Lampoon's Vacation. On July 23, 2016, Lucy announced her candidacy for President of the United States at a celebration for her 135th birthday. In 2016, Lucy had 135,000 visitors at the site; the Elephantine Colossus or Elephant Hotel, at Coney Island amusement park in Brooklyn, New York, stood 122 feet tall twice the size of Lucy, with seven floors of rooms, legs 60 feet in circumference. With the exception of the number and relative size of the windows, the design of the
Capt. John Jeffries Burial Marker
Capt. John Jeffries Burial Marker is an historic burial monument in the cemetery at Scullville Bible Church in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey, along County Route 559 near Somers Point, it was built in 1887 and added to both the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Capt. Jeffries is known for his association with the ship Twenty One Friends, following an incident at sea, floated without crew across the Atlantic Ocean for two years before being claimed and returned to service; the Capt. John Jeffries burial marker is 15 feet tall and the largest marker in the Scullville Bible Church cemetery; the church was built in 1866 and, at the time of his death, was named Palestine Bible Protestant Church. The monument is made of marble and stands on a square brick base 4 feet on each side, it is located in the Jeffries family plot behind the church, surrounded by other local-area family plots, many of which date back to the 19th century. The square center section features an inscription, above that a bas-relief engraving of the ship associated with Jeffries—and the source of his historical fame—the Twenty One Friends.
Another smaller section above bears the initials “J. J.” and a draped urn is carved at the top of the monument. The center inscription reads: Capt. John Jeffries. Born Nov. 15, 1829. Died March 17th 1887. A member of the K. of P. The Jeffries family can trace its genealogy back to 18th-century European settlers of Rhode Island. John Jeffries Sr. from Egg Harbor earned a pension for his service during the American Revolutionary War. The family owned land where Patcong Creek empties into Great Egg Harbor River, it was here they built a two-storey plantation house; the area became known as Jeffries Landing and was an active port as well as becoming a popular destination area for bathers. The settlement that formed inland, north of Jeffries Landing, came to be called Jeffers named after the family. In the early 1900s, Jeffers was renamed honoring a different family, the Sculls. Where Patcong Creek meets Great Egg Harbor River is still called Jeffries Landing. John Sr. and his wife, had three sons, one of whom was John Jeffries Jr..
In 1819 John Jeffries Jr. was named wharf master at Jeffries Landing, responsible for collecting the wharfage of 30 cents per day to dock there. In 1829, John Jr.’s wife, gave birth to John III, who would grow up to become a sea captain. Capt. John Jeffries III lived along English Creek, upstream from Jeffries Landing along the Great Egg Harbor River, he was married to Hannah Barrett Jeffries. The family name can be seen spelled different ways; some evidence of this can be found within the penned family plot in Scullville Bible Church cemetery. On one side of the Captain, his wife Hannah “Jeffers” is buried and on the other side, his young son Samuel J. “Jeffers”. In between stands the monument to Capt. John “Jeffries”; the banks of Great Egg Harbor River, from Mays Landing to Somers Point, were an ideal environment for shipbuilding in the century following the American Revolutionary War due to natural resources in the area. These resources included lumber from pine and cedar as well as bog ore; the waterways were deep enough for ships up to 2000 tons.
Sawmills and blast furnaces were available in the area. What was not used to build ships was exported in their holds. One shipwright during this time was Capt. Samuel Gaskill of Mays Landing. In 1872, Capt. Gaskill built a three-masted schooner for Capt. Jeffries; the ship was financed by a group of 21 Philadelphia Quakers and named the Twenty One Friends. In 1885, returning to Philadelphia with a full load of lumber from Brunswick, the Twenty One Friends was rammed by the John D. May off the coast of Cape Hatteras. Capt. Jeffries abandoned the vessel; the ship and cargo were left to the mercy of the sea. Capt. Jeffries’ concern for the safety of his men was appropriate. After the collision, the ghost ship was sighted on both sides of the Atlantic over the next two years, it came ashore in Ireland, where its cargo was salvaged and it was employed as a fishing vessel. The Twenty One Friends remained in service until 1914; the Jeffries monument represents not only the life of a sea captain from the Great Egg Harbor River, but an industry along that river during the 19th century.
There are few remaining relics from the marine and shipbuilding industries that mark this region's history during that time. In addition, the monument has been singled out for its intricate carvings, which helped achieve its NRHP status. National Register of Historic Places listings in Atlantic County, New Jersey National Historic Preservation Act Capt. John Jeffries Burial Marker at Find a Grave
Belcoville Post Office
Belcoville Post Office is located in the Belcoville section of Weymouth Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1918 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 14, 2008. National Register of Historic Places listings in Atlantic County, New Jersey
Cone
A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines connecting a common point, the apex, to all of the points on a base, in a plane that does not contain the apex. Depending on the author, the base may be restricted to be a circle, any one-dimensional quadratic form in the plane, any closed one-dimensional figure, or any of the above plus all the enclosed points. If the enclosed points are included in the base, the cone is a solid object. In the case of a solid object, the boundary formed by these lines or partial lines is called the lateral surface. In the case of line segments, the cone does not extend beyond the base, while in the case of half-lines, it extends infinitely far. In the case of lines, the cone extends infinitely far in both directions from the apex, in which case it is sometimes called a double cone. Either half of a double cone on one side of the apex is called a nappe.
The axis of a cone is the straight line, passing through the apex, about which the base has a circular symmetry. In common usage in elementary geometry, cones are assumed to be right circular, where circular means that the base is a circle and right means that the axis passes through the centre of the base at right angles to its plane. If the cone is right circular the intersection of a plane with the lateral surface is a conic section. In general, the base may be any shape and the apex may lie anywhere. Contrasted with right cones are oblique cones, in which the axis passes through the centre of the base non-perpendicularly. A cone with a polygonal base is called a pyramid. Depending on the context, "cone" may mean a convex cone or a projective cone. Cones can be generalized to higher dimensions; the perimeter of the base of a cone is called the "directrix", each of the line segments between the directrix and apex is a "generatrix" or "generating line" of the lateral surface. The "base radius" of a circular cone is the radius of its base.
The aperture of a right circular cone is the maximum angle between two generatrix lines. A cone with a region including its apex cut off by a plane is called a "truncated cone". An "elliptical cone" is a cone with an elliptical base. A "generalized cone" is the surface created by the set of lines passing through a vertex and every point on a boundary; the volume V of any conic solid is one third of the product of the area of the base A B and the height h V = 1 3 A B h. In modern mathematics, this formula can be computed using calculus – it is, up to scaling, the integral ∫ x 2 d x = 1 3 x 3. Without using calculus, the formula can be proven by comparing the cone to a pyramid and applying Cavalieri's principle – comparing the cone to a right square pyramid, which forms one third of a cube; this formula cannot be proven without using such infinitesimal arguments – unlike the 2-dimensional formulae for polyhedral area, though similar to the area of the circle – and hence admitted less rigorous proofs before the advent of calculus, with the ancient Greeks using the method of exhaustion.
This is the content of Hilbert's third problem – more not all polyhedral pyramids are scissors congruent, thus volume cannot be computed purely by using a decomposition argument. The center of mass of a conic solid of uniform density lies one-quarter of the way from the center of the base to the vertex, on the straight line joining the two. For a circular cone with radius r and height h, the base is a circle of area π r 2 and so the formula for volume becomes V = 1 3 π r 2 h; the slant height of a right circular cone is the distance from any point on the circle of its base to the apex via a line segment along the surface of the cone. It is given by r 2 + h 2, where r is the radius of the base and h is the height; this can be proved by the Pythagorean theorem. The lateral surface area of a right circular cone is L S A = π r l where r is the radius of the circle at the bottom of the cone and l is the slant height of the cone; the surface area of the bottom c
National Park Service
The National Park Service is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. It was created on August 25, 1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act and is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior; the NPS is charged with a dual role of preserving the ecological and historical integrity of the places entrusted to its management, while making them available and accessible for public use and enjoyment. As of 2018, the NPS employs 27,000 employees who oversee 419 units, of which 61 are designated national parks. National parks and national monuments in the United States were individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior; the movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior.
They wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service. On August 25, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed a bill that mandated the agency "to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations." Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS. On March 3, 1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933; the act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasn't until that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, made use of this power. Deputy Director Horace M. Albright had suggested to President Roosevelt that the historic sites from the American Civil War should be managed by the National Park Service, rather than the War Department.
President Roosevelt issued two Executive orders to make it happen. These two executive orders not only transferred to the National Park Service all the War Department historic sites, but the national monuments managed by the Department of Agriculture and the parks in and around the capital, run by an independent office. In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service and went to work on bringing park facilities up to the standards that the public expected; the demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, a ten-year effort to upgrade and expand park facilities for the 50th anniversary of the Park Service. New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded. In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery and unique natural features to making parks accessible to the public.
Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and National Recreation Areas. Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States' national parks, which have grown in number over the years to 60. Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no state government to manage it, so the federal government assumed direct control. Yosemite National Park began as a state park. Yosemite was returned to federal ownership. At first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the civilian staff was replaced by the U. S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Mather petitioned the federal government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, the National Park Service, to manage all national parks and some national monuments.
Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. The agency was given authority over other protected areas, many with varying designations as Congress created them; the National Park System includes. The title or designation of a unit need not include the term park; the System as a whole is considered to be a national treasure of the United States, some of the more famous national parks and monuments are sometimes referred to metaphorically as "crown jewels". The system encompasses 84.4 million acres, of which more than 4.3 million acres remain in private ownership. The largest unit is Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska. At 13,200,000 acres, it is over 16 percent of the entire system; the smallest unit in the system is Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial, Pennsylvania, at 0.02 acre. In addition to administering its units and other properties, the National Park Service provides technical and financial assistance to several "affiliated areas" authorized by Congress.
The largest affiliated area is New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve at 1,164,025 acres. The smallest is Benjamin Franklin National Memorial at less than 0.01 acres. Although all units of the Nat
