Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, c. 864 or 865–925 or 935 CE, often known as (al-)Razi or by his Latin name Rhazes, also rendered Rhasis, was a Persian physician, philosopher and alchemist who lived during the Islamic Golden Age. He is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of medicine, and also wrote on logic, astronomy and grammar. He is also known for his criticism of religion, especially with regard to the concepts of prophethood and revelation. However, the religio-philosophical aspects of his thought, which also included a belief in five "eternal principles", are fragmentary and only reported by authors who were often hostile to him.
Portrait of Rhazes
Depiction of al-Razi in a 13th-century manuscript of a work by Gerard of Cremona
al-Razi examining a patient (miniature painting by Hossein Behzad, 1894–1968)
Doctor performing uroscopy (from a Latin translation of a work by al-Razi, 1466)
Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" Also known as "Arabian medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.
Folio from an Arabic manuscript of Dioscorides, De materia medica, 1229
16th century manuscript of the Al-Tibb al-Nabawi (Treatise on Prophetic Medicine) created for Ottoman emperor Suleiman the Magnificent
The Byzantine embassy of John the Grammarian in 829 to Al-Ma'mun (depicted left) from Theophilos (depicted right)
Scholars discuss medicine, from a medieval Islamic manuscript
