The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry; the award is traditionally presented by the previous year's Best Actor winner. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, Sunrise. Nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories. At that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. However, during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930, only one of those films was cited in each winner's final award though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots; the following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a specific performance in a single film.

Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was limited to five nominations per year. One actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Since its inception, the award has been given to 77 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards with four Oscars. With 17 nominations, Meryl Streep is the most nominated in this category, resulting in two wins. At age 21, Marlee Matlin became the youngest actress to win this award for Children of a Lesser God and at the age of 80, Jessica Tandy became the oldest winner in this category for Driving Miss Daisy; as of the 2020 ceremony, Renée Zellweger is the most recent winner in this category for her portrayal of Judy Garland in Judy. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31. For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.

Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31. All Academy Award acting nominees Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role César Award for Best Actress Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Oscars.org The Academy Awards Database Oscar.com

The 2002 Long Beach, California mayoral election was held on April 9, 2002 and June 4, 2002 to elect the mayor of Long Beach, California. It saw the reelection of Beverly O'Neill to an unprecedented third term. O'Neill had to run as a write-in. In the runoff she faced write-in Norm Ryan. Municipal elections in California are non-partisan. Dan Baker, Long Beach city councilman Ray Grabinski, 7th District Long Beach city councilman and candidate for mayor in 1994 Bob Livingstone Beverly O'Neill, incumbent mayor, term-limited Norm Ryan, former city council candidate John Stolpe David P. Wong

1968 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 1968. President: Ferdinand Marcos Vice President: Fernando Lopez House Speaker: José Laurel, Jr. Chief Justice: Roberto Concepcion Congress: 6th March 18 – Jabidah massacre takes place when Army soldiers murdered a number of Moro recruits through machine gunfire in Corregidor Island in retaliation to the planned invasion of Sabah. August 2 – The 1968 Casiguran earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX. The earthquake's epicenter was located in Aurora; this was deemed the most destructive earthquake in the Philippines prior to the 1990 Luzon earthquake. October 12–27 – The Philippines participated in the 1968 Summer Olympics with 49 competitors in ten sports. December 26-The CPP is founded under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism by Joma Sison December 18 – ABS-CBN opens its present-day headquarters, the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center on Bohol Avenue, Quezon City, the most advanced broadcast facility in the country during that time.

April 13 – Lani Mercado and incumbent Mayor of Bacoor April 23 – Juan Miguel Zubiri, Filipino Representative and senator May 12 – Herbert Bautista, incumbent mayor of Quezon City May 21 – Julie Vega, child actress and singer June 21 – Jett Pangan, singer June 29 – Robbie Guevara, director, producer July 7 - Dingdong Avanzado and actor July 15 – Julius Babao September 3 – Grace Poe November 9 – Janice de Belen November 15 - Teodoro Casiño, journalist and politician November 20 - Princess Punzalan December 11 - Eula Valdez February 21 – Vicente Duterte, Filipino politician and lawyer, father of the 16th President of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte February 11 – Efren Reyes, Sr. Filipino actor May 8 – Telesforo Trinidad, Filipino fireman in the United States Navy and recipient of the Medal of Honor September 20 – Higino A. Acala, Sr. Filipino lawyer