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United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
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Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
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Alexandre Desplat
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Alexandre Michel Gérard Desplat is a French film composer. Fox, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, The Kings Speech, Moonrise Kingdom, Argo, Rise of the Guardians, Zero Dark Thirty, Godzilla, The Imitation Game, and Unbroken. Desplat was born in Paris, to a French father and a Greek mother who met at the University of California, after their marriage, they moved back to France, where Alexandre was born. Alexandre is the brother of Marie-Christine, also known as Kiki, who is leading jazz band Certains lAiment Chaud. At the age of five, he began playing piano and he also became proficient on trumpet and flute. He studied with Claude Ballif, Iannis Xenakis in France and Jack Hayes in the U. S. Desplat swiftly became skilled, Desplats musical interests were wide, listening to a mix of the French symphonists like Ravel and Debussy, jazz and even more exotic world music. He was also influenced by South American and African artists, among whom were Carlinhos Brown and Ray Lema. Being a big fan of films, Desplat set his sights on becoming a composer from an early age. He worked on his first film Le souffleur in 1986, when recording the music for his first film, he met violinist Dominique Lemonnier who became his favorite soloist, artistic director and wife. Desplat worked on many films throughout his career since the 1980s, and his big Hollywood break came in 2003 with the soundtrack for the film Girl with a Pearl Earring. Fox, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, The Ghost Writer, Daniel Auteuils remake of La Fille du Puisatier, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, and The Grand Budapest Hotel. Desplat has composed songs that have been sung in films by such artists as Akhenaton, Kate Beckinsale, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Valérie Lemercier, Miosotis. He has also written music for the theatre, including pieces performed at the Comédie Française, Desplat has conducted performances of his music played by the London Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Munich Symphony Orchestra. Desplat has also given Master Classes at La Sorbonne in Paris, in 2007, he composed the scores for Philip Pullmans Golden Compass, Zach Helms directorial debut Mr. Magoriums Wonder Emporium with American composer Aaron Zigman, and the Ang Lee movie Lust, Caution. He won the 2007 BMI Film Music Award,2007 World Soundtrack Award,2007 European Film Award and he also won the Silver Berlin Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for Best Film Music in The Beat that My Heart Skipped. In 2008, Desplat received his second Oscar nomination for David Finchers Curious Case of Benjamin Button, Desplat received his third Oscar nomination and a BAFTA nomination for Fantastic Mr. Fox in 2010, both of which were won by Michael Giacchino for Up. In early 2011, Desplat began to write the music to Harry Potter and he reunited with director David Yates, who offered Desplat the opportunity to score the second part after his work on the Part 1 soundtrack in 2010 enchanted everyone in the control room. Desplats soundtrack sequel to the 2008 film Largo Winch was released in 2011 and was well received, Desplats 2011 projects included The Tree of Life, directed by Terrence Malick, A Better Life, La Fille du Puisatier, Roman Polanskis Carnage, and George Clooneys Ides of March
4.
The Shape of Water
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The Shape of Water is a 1994 novel by Andrea Camilleri, translated into English in 2002 by Stephen Sartarelli. It is the first novel in the internationally popular Inspector Montalbano series, the episode was almost entirely shot in Sampieri, the location of the factory Fornace Penna, so-called La Mánnara. Silvio Luparello, an engineer, developer and aspiring politician from an aristocratic construction family dies of an attack while having sex with his nephew. This he does by attempting to cast Cardamones Swedish daughter-in-law Ingrid as Luparellos lover, the film version starts off the morning after the death at the outdoor brothel, with two surveyors working as garbage collectors. Rizzo rebuffs the garbage men, much to their surprise as he is known to be Luparellos friend, meanwhile, one of the garbage men finds Ingrids very valuable solid gold jewel-encrusted necklace, planted by Rizzos Ingrid look-alike as part of the frame-up. The handbag with her initials in which she kept the necklace was also planted at the brothel in case somebody walked off with the necklace. Montalbano then destroys the evidence against her and makes sure that Rizzo pays a reward for the necklace. The story wraps up with Montalbano playing God by ignoring a gun that he finds in the house, thus giving Giorgio the opportunity to revenge his uncles betrayal by beating up. In the end though Giorgio, too, dies - in a car accident - after previously having had one due to a seizure that required him to wear a neck brace
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One Hundred Men and a Girl
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One Hundred Men and a Girl is a 1937 American musical comedy film directed by Henry Koster and starring Deanna Durbin. Through persistence, charm, and a few misunderstandings, they are able to get famed conductor Leopold Stokowski to lead them in a concert, which leads to a radio contract. One Hundred Men and a Girl was the first of two motion pictures featuring Leopold Stokowski, and is one of the films for which Durbin is best remembered as an actress. John Cardwell, a player, is only one of a large group of unemployed musicians. Patsy soon learns the truth, and also learns that her father, desperate for rent money, has used some of the cash in a Ladys evening bag he has found, to pay his debts. The irrepressible and willful Patsy seeks an interview with Mrs. Frost, whose bag it was, Mrs. Frost, a society matron and wife of rich radio station owner John R. Frost, lightheartedly offers to sponsor an orchestra of unemployed musicians. Taking her at her word, Patsy and her father recruit 100 musicians, rent a garage space, realizing that Patsy took her seriously, Mrs Frost flees to Europe. Mr. Patsy, undaunted, sets out to none other than Leopold Stokowski to be that conductor. By mistake, Patsy conveys the story to a music critic that Stokowski will conduct an orchestra of unemployed musicians. When the story breaks, Frost protests his embarrassment to his friends, Frost immediately signs the one-hundred-man orchestra to a contract, though Patsy tries to tell them that Stokowski has not agreed. Stokowski is astonished and offended at the news, but Patsy enters Stokowskis palatial house surreptitiously and she apologizes to him, and insists that he listen to the players. The conductor is so moved by their performance of Liszts Hungarian Rhapsody No.2 that he postpones a European tour and agrees to the engagement. The concert is a success for everyone, especially when Patsy, called upon to make a speech. This might explain why the city in which the film is set, ballerina who taught ballet in postwar Japan, as a stand-in for Deanna Durbin in this film. Of all the elements of the film, Deanna Durbins ability to sing, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In addition, Charles Previn, in his role as head of the department for Universal Pictures. Previns scoring consisted of using two songs and a carefully chosen selection of music from classical symphonic works and operas. The other three awards for which this film was nominated were Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Original Story
6.
14th Academy Awards
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The 14th Academy Awards honored American film achievements in 1941 and was held in the Biltmore Bowl at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California. The ceremony is now considered notable, in retrospect, as the year in which Citizen Kane failed to win Best Picture, ford won his third award for Best Director, becoming the second to accomplish three wins in that category, and the first to win in consecutive years. Most public attention was focused on the Best Actress race between sibling rivals Joan Fontaine in Alfred Hitchcock’s Suspicion and Olivia de Havilland for Hold Back the Dawn, fontaine’s victory was the only time an actress won for a performance in an Alfred Hitchcock film. This was also the first year in which documentaries were included, the first Oscar for a documentary was awarded to Churchills Island. The Little Foxes established a new high of nine nominations without winning a single Oscar and its mark was matched by Peyton Place in 1957, and exceeded by The Turning Point and The Color Purple, both of which received 11 nominations without a win. Citizen Kane was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture, a portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio. Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface
7.
57th Academy Awards
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The 57th Academy Awards were presented March 25,1985 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Jack Lemmon, the big winner at the ceremony was Milos Formans Amadeus, which had received 11 nominations and won 8 awards including Best Picture and Best actor for F. Murray Abraham. As of the 87th Academy Awards, Amadeus is the most recent film to two lead actor nominations. The winner of Best Supporting Actor was also significant, haing S. Ngor and Harold Russell are the only two non-professional actors to win Academy Awards for acting. Seventy-seven-year-old Peggy Ashcroft won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in A Passage to India, making her the oldest winner in that category. This ceremony marks the first time that multiple black nominees would win an Oscar, additionally, it was the first and only time that all five nominated songs topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger, james Stewart for his fifty years of memorable performances. For his high ideals both on and off the screen, with the respect and affection of his colleagues. National Endowment for the Arts in recognition of its 20th anniversary and its commitment to fostering artistic and creative activity. David L. Wolper The River – Kay Rose The following persons, listed in order of appearance, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
8.
53rd Academy Awards
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The 53rd Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1980, were presented March 31,1981, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies, which were presided over by Johnny Carson, were scheduled for the previous day but were postponed due to the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan. David Lynchs The Elephant Man and Martin Scorseses Raging Bull, with 8 nominations each, had the most nominations of this years films and their nominations included Best Picture, Best Actor and Best Director. Michael Apteds Coal Miners Daughter received 7 nominations while Ordinary People, the years winner of acting categories also marked as the closest span ever between the four winners, all of whom were under 40 when they won the award. In addition, Hutton was the youngest ever Best Supporting Actor winner and his award was one of four that Ordinary People won, more than any other movie, the movie also won Best Picture, Best Director for Robert Redford, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Alvin Sargent. The lack of recognition for Christopher Tuckers make-up work on The Elephant Man prompted the creation of the Academy Award for Best Makeup, Best Supporting Actress nominee Eva Le Gallienne was born in 1899, which made her the last acting nominee to be born in the nineteenth century. As of 2017, this is the earliest Oscars for which all five directing nominees are still living, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Henry Fonda The Empire Strikes Back The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
9.
54th Academy Awards
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The 54th Academy Awards were presented March 29,1982 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson, Chariots of Fire was the surprise winner of the Best Picture Oscar. It was the first time in 13 years that a British film won the Academys top honor, next years winner, Gandhi, was also a British production. Henry Fonda won his only competitive Oscar this year, as Best Actor for On Golden Pond, at 76 years of age, Fonda became the oldest winner in the Best Actor category in Academy history. The only other nomination he received in his career was Best Actor for his performance in The Grapes of Wrath 41 years earlier – a record gap between acting nominations. His co-star, Katharine Hepburn, won her fourth Best Actress award and this years nominations also marked the second time that three different films were nominated for the Top Five Academy Awards, Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress and Screenplay. The three films were On Golden Pond, Atlantic City and Reds, however, none of them won the Best Picture prize, losing to Chariots of Fire. This also marked the first year that the award for Best Makeup was presented and this was the last year until the 2005 Oscars where all five Best Picture nominations were also nominated for Best Director. Reds was the last film to gain nominations in all four acting categories until Silver Linings Playbook matched that feat at the 85th Academy Awards ceremony in 2013 and this is also the most recent ceremony for which the four acting award winners are all now deceased. Chariots of Fire became the last film to win Best Picture, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, blast from the Past, The Oscars of 1982, a January 2007 Entertainment Weekly article looking back at the 54th Academy Awards ceremony
10.
39th Academy Awards
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The 39th Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1966, were held on April 10,1967 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California. They were hosted by Bob Hope, both were adaptations of stage dramas. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger, however, the dispute was settled three hours before the ceremony was scheduled to begin. Bob Hopes opening monologue makes many references to this, and he claims that as late as 30 minutes before broadcast it was whether the telecast would go on. Vanessa Redgrave and Lynn Redgrave were both nominated for Best Actress and this was the first time in 25 years that two sisters were nominated in that category. This was the time in the history of the Academy Awards that all Best Actress nominees were born outside of the United States. Patricia Neal, making her first Hollywood appearance since a stroke of two years before, received a standing ovation from the audience. Californias governor, Ronald Reagan, was among the guests in the audience and he was a longtime Academy member and supporter. Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolfs 13 nominations constitute the first and, as of 2012 and it is also the first instance of a film receiving an acting nomination for every credited cast member. Mitzi Gaynors performance of the song Georgy Girl is often cited as being one of the most heralded performances on an Oscar broadcast, the following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers
11.
40th Academy Awards
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The 40th Academy Awards honored film achievements of 1967. The Best Picture nominees were a group of films reflecting the chaos of their era. The event was the first one since the 1948 awards show to feature clips from the Best Picture nominated films. This years nominations also marked the first time three different films were nominated for the Top Five Academy Awards, Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress. The three films were Bonnie and Clyde, The Graduate and Guess Whos Coming to Dinner, however, the winner of Best Picture was producer Walter Mirisch and director Norman Jewisons thriller/mystery film, In the Heat of the Night. The Graduate is, as of the 88th Academy Awards, the last film to win Best Director, due to an all-out push by Academy President Gregory Peck,18 of the 20 acting nominees were present at the ceremony. Only Katharine Hepburn and the late Spencer Tracy, who was nominated posthumously, were missing, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Gregory Peck Alfred Hitchcock Arthur Freed was presented for distinguished service to the Academy, prior to the postponement, Jack Lemmon was announced as a replacement for Poitier, and Shirley Jones for Davis, but once the event was delayed, the original quartet returned. Alfred Hitchcocks acceptance speech is on record for the shortest in Academy Awards history and this was the only year in which two films received nominations in all four acting categories. Legendary film composer John Williams received his first nomination for scoring Valley of the Dolls and he would go on to receive 49 more nominations, winning 5. The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers
12.
41st Academy Awards
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The 41st Academy Awards were presented on April 14,1969 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be staged at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, for the first time since the 11th Academy Awards, there was no host. Became the first—and so far, the film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. By contrast, the year would see the only X-rated film to win Best Picture. Would also be the last British film to win Best Picture until Chariots of Fire in 1982, the year was notable for the first—and so far, only—tie for Best Actress. Katharine Hepburn in The Lion in Winter and Barbra Streisand in Funny Girl shared the award. Hepburn also became the actress and third performer overall to win an acting Oscar two years in a row, after Luise Rainer in 1936 and 1937, and Spencer Tracy in 1937 and 1938. The previous year, Hepburn had won Best Actress for Guess Whos Coming to Dinner, as the special effects director and designer for 2001, A Space Odyssey, Stanley Kubrick was the recipient of the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects this year. It was the only Oscar he would ever win, cliff Robertsons performance in Charly was met with a generally mixed reception from critics and audiences. At the ceremony, Young Americans was announced as the Documentary Feature winner, on May 7,1969, the film was disqualified because it had played in October 1967, thus making it ineligible for a 1968 award. Journey Into Self, the first runner-up, was awarded the Oscar on May 8,1969. Controversy was created on Oscar night when Johnny Carson and Buddy Hackett announced in a sketch on the evenings Tonight Show, would be the winner for Best Picture and that Jack Albertson would win for Best Supporting Actor. Columnist Frances Drake claimed that most observers believed Carson and Hackett were playing a practical joke or happened to make a lucky guess. As Carson recalled it on the air later, it created a huge controversy. The Academy later hired Carson five times to host the ceremony, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger
13.
42nd Academy Awards
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The 42nd Academy Awards were presented April 7,1970 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. This was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be broadcast via satellite to an international audience, mexico and Brazil were the sole countries to broadcast the event live. This is currently the highest rated of the televised Academy Awards ceremonies, the ceremonys ratings record, as of 2017, remains unbroken thanks to the emergence of the Super Bowl as the biggest annual event of awards season. Midnight Cowboy became the first – and so far, the only – X-rated film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, the previous year had seen the only G-rated film to win Best Picture, Oliver. This was the last time until the 68th Academy Awards where none of the four acting winners had appeared in Best Picture nominees and this was the first time where every acting nomination, as well as every major nominated film were in color. The Chilean television rights to the Oscars were sold by ABC International to Televisión Nacional de Chile while the Brazilian rights were sold to TV Tupi, the latter countrys rights to the TV broadcast of the Oscars were moved to a joint venture of TV Bandeirantes and TV Record. Starting in 1974, the Brazilian TV rights to the Oscars were sold by NBC to Rede Globo, an early attempt to change the Academy Awards presentations start time to 1 p. m. to fit European television audiences was rejected by AMPAS executives. Since at the television standards conversion was difficult, about 50 other countries did not broadcast the event live. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. J
14.
43rd Academy Awards
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The 43rd Academy Awards were presented April 15,1971, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. With her Best Supporting Actress win, Helen Hayes became the first performer to win Oscars in both lead and supporting categories and she also has the record of having the biggest gap between acting wins. The documentary film Woodstock got three Oscar nominations, making it the most nominated documentary film in Oscar history. This was the time since the 2nd Academy Awards that all five nominees for Best Actress were first-time nominees. Also, this was the first time since the 7th Academy Awards in which none of the nominees for the Academy Award for Best Actor had a nomination in that category. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger
15.
48th Academy Awards
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The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29,1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau, Robert Shaw, George Segal, Goldie Hawn and this year, ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC, and continues to broadcast them today. Miloš Formans One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest made a sweep of the major categories, Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director. It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep, following It Happened One Night in 1934 and this record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004, and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis. Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation, at age 80, George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee, a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989. For males, Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer, who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82, jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture. Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing, acting, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Mary Pickford Mervyn LeRoy Jules C. Stein The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, 33rd Golden Globe Awards 1975 in film 18th Grammy Awards 27th Primetime Emmy Awards 28th Primetime Emmy Awards 29th British Academy Film Awards 30th Tony Awards 48th Academy Awards at IMDb
16.
67th Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 23 categories honoring the films released in 1994. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates, comedian David Letterman hosted the show for the first time. Forrest Gump won six awards, including Best Picture, the telecast garnered more than 48 million viewers in the United States, making it the most watched Oscars telecast since the 55th Academy Awards in 1983. Forrest Gump earned the most nominations with thirteen and it was the most nominated film since 1966s Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. and the fifth film to earn that many nominations. Bullets over Broadway, The Shawshank Redemption, Pulp Fiction tied for second with seven each, the winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 27,1995. For only the time in Oscar history, three of the four acting winners were previous winners. The 11th ceremony held in 1939 previously accomplished this feat and he also was the sixth person to win Best Actor twice. Best Supporting Actress winner Dianne Wiest became the first person to win two acting Oscars for performances in films directed by the same person and she first won in that same category for her role in Woody Allens 1986 film Hannah and Her Sisters. Franz Kafkas Its a Wonderful Life and Trevors joint win in the Best Live Action Short category marked the fifth occurrence of a tie in Oscar history, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger. Michelangelo Antonioni Quincy Jones Clint Eastwood The following individuals, in order of appearance and she added that her role in the upcoming movie Bogus would jeopardize her busy schedule. Producer Gil Cates hired actor, comedian, and Late Show host David Letterman as host of the 1995 ceremony, Cates explained his decision to hire the late night talk show host saying, Hes punctual, hes well groomed, and he knows how to keep an audience awake. As with previous ceremonies he produced, Cates centered the show around a theme, even with television, its not a community experience unless you have a very big family. So its unique to movies and theater, and its this very human thing, in tandem with the theme, the ceremonys opening number featured a montage produced by Chuck Workman featuring scenes of humorous moments from a variety of both comedic and non-comedic films. During that segment, actors Tim Curry, Kathy Najimy, several collections of film clips were shown throughout the broadcast highlighting various aspects of comedy such as troupes and dialogue. Several other people were involved with the production of the ceremony. Bill Conti served as director and conductor for the event. Production designer Roy Christopher designed a new stage for the ceremony which featured a proscenium which was designed to resemble the iris of a camera. Moreover, Christopher commented that the motif was inspired by the iris shot prominently featured in several comedic films
17.
72nd Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, the AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by husband-and-wife producing team Richard, Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the seventh time. He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 70th ceremony held in 1998. Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on March 4, American Beauty won five awards, including Best Picture. The telecast garnered almost 47 million viewers in the United States, the nominees for the 72nd Academy Awards were announced on February 15,2000, at 5,38 a. m. PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Robert Rehme, president of the Academy, American Beauty received the most nominations with eight total, The Cider House Rules and The Insider tied for second with seven nominations each. The winners were announced during the ceremony on March 26,2000. Sam Mendes was the person to win Best Director for his directorial debut. Best Actor winner Kevin Spacey became the performer to win acting Oscars in both lead and supporting categories. By virtue of her father Jon Voights Best Lead Actor win for 1978s Coming Home, Best Supporting Actress winner Angelina Jolie, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger. Andrzej Wajda Warren Beatty The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers, in view of the new millennium, the Academy sought to both shorten the telecast and give the ceremony a new look. Husband–and–wife producers Richard D. Zanuck and Lili Fini Zanuck were recruited to oversee the production of the 2000 ceremony, AMPAS president Robert Rehme explained the decision to hire the Zanucks saying, With this new producing team in place, I look forward to a whole new perspective. This marked the first occurrence that a woman was tapped for producing duties at the Oscars, despite Richard and Lilis promises to make changes to the ceremony, they hired actor and veteran Oscar host Billy Crystal to host the ceremony for the seventh time. Production of the ceremony was reported to be far more ambitious, the columns were used to display images of previous Oscar appearances as presenters took the stage, nomination packages, and reaction shots of the acting nominees as the winner was being announced. Several other people were involved in the production of the ceremony, Actor Peter Coyote, who served as announcer for the telecast, was often seen before commercial breaks live behind the stage. Musical directors Burt Bacharach, Don Was, and Rob Shrock composed a soundtrack that substituted for a live orchestra during most of the ceremony. In addition, Bacharach rounded up musicians that included Garth Brooks, Queen Latifah, choreographer Kenny Ortega supervised the Blame Canada musical number. At the time of the announcement on February 15, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees was $521 million with an average of $104 million per film
18.
44th Academy Awards
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The 44th Academy Awards were presented April 10,1972 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Helen Hayes, Alan King, Sammy Davis, Jr. one of the highlights of the evening was the appearance of Betty Grable, battling cancer at the time, who made one of her last public appearances. She appeared along with one of her men from the 1940s, singer Dick Haymes. This was the first time in the history of the Awards in which the nominees were shown on superimposed pictures while being announced, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Charlie Chaplin received an award at this ceremony, for the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century. Chaplin, who had living in self-imposed exile in Switzerland for twenty years, came back to the United States to re-market his older films. When introduced to the audience, Chaplin received a standing ovation. The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers, 29th Golden Globe Awards 1971 in film 14th Grammy Awards 23rd Primetime Emmy Awards 24th Primetime Emmy Awards 25th British Academy Film Awards 26th Tony Awards
19.
47th Academy Awards
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The 47th Academy Awards were presented April 8,1975 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Sammy Davis, Jr. Bob Hope, Shirley MacLaine and this was the last year NBC aired the ceremonies before ABC secured broadcasting rights, which they still hold to this day. The success of The Godfather Part II was notable, it received twice as many Oscars as its predecessor and duplicated its feat of three Best Supporting Actor nominations. Between the two of them, father and son Carmine and Francis Ford Coppola won four awards, with Carmine winning for Best Original Score and Francis for Picture, Director, and Adapted Screenplay. This was the only Oscars where all nominees in one category were released by the same studio, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Jean Renoir Howard Hawks Arthur B, krim The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. 32nd Golden Globe Awards 1974 in film 17th Grammy Awards 26th Primetime Emmy Awards 27th Primetime Emmy Awards 28th British Academy Film Awards 29th Tony Awards
20.
68th Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Quincy Jones, Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the second time, having previously presided over the 66th ceremony in 1994. Braveheart won five awards, including Best Director for Mel Gibson, the telecast garnered almost 45 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 68th Academy Awardswere announced on February 13,1996, PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater by president of the Academy, and the music producer Quincy Jones. Braveheart led all nominees with ten nominations, Apollo 13 came in second with nine, the winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 25,1996. Braveheart was the film to win Best Picture with no acting nominations. With her Best Supporting Actress win for Mighty Aphrodite, Mira Sorvino became the second actress to win the aforementioned category for a performance in a film directed by Woody Allen. Best Adapted Screenplay winner Emma Thompson was the first person to win Oscars for both acting and screenwriting and she had previously won Best Actress for her performance in the 1992 film Howards End. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger, chuck Jones Kirk Douglas John Lasseter for Toy Story The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. As a result of the reception of David Lettermans stint as host from the preceding years ceremony, veteran film. In November 1995, AMPAS recruited music producer and Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award recipient Quincy Jones as producer of the 1996 ceremony, Jones immediately selected actress and comedian Whoopi Goldberg to host the ceremony. One segment that was staged during the ceremony was a fashion show showcasing the nominees for Best Costume Design. Initially, actor Jack Nicholson was approached to introduce the segment along with models Naomi Campbell, however, actor Pierce Brosnan accepted the role of presenter of the segment and award after Nicholson declined those respective duties. Several other people and elements were involved with the production of the ceremony. Jeff Margolis served as director for the program, Actress and talk show host Oprah Winfrey interviewed several nominees and other attendees during a seven-minute red carpet arrival segment shown at the beginning of the telecast. Musician and saxophonist Tom Scott served as director for the ceremony. Choreographer Jamie King supervised the performances of the Best Song nominees, Babe, the pig from the eponymous film, and Miss Piggy participated in a comedy sketch during the proceedings. Beginning with this ceremony, the AMPAS music branch divided the category of Best Original Score into two categories, Best Dramatic Score and Best Musical or Comedy Score
21.
71st Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates, actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the third time. She first hosted the 66th ceremony held in 1994 and had last hosted the 68th ceremony in 1996, Shakespeare in Love won seven awards including Best Picture. The telecast garnered nearly 46 million viewers in the United States, Shakespeare in Love earned the most nominations with thirteen, Saving Private Ryan came in second place with eleven. The winners were announced during the ceremony on March 21,1999. Life Is Beautiful was the second film nominated simultaneously for Best Picture, moreover, its seven nominations were the most for a foreign language film, to date. Best Actor winner Roberto Benigni was the person to direct himself to an acting Oscar win. Laurence Olivier first achieved this feat for his performance in 1948s Hamlet and he also became the fourth individual to earn acting, directing, screenwriting nominations for the same film. In addition, Benigni was the performer to win an Oscar for a non-English speaking role. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger, elia Kazan Norman F. Jewison The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers. In June 1998, Academy president Robert Rehme announced that the show would be held on a Sunday for the first time in history, AMPAS and network ABC hoped to capitalize on the high television ratings and viewership that benefit programs airing on that particular day of the week. The Academy also stated that the move to Sunday would ease concerns about traffic gridlock, the following January, Gil Cates was selected as producer of the telecast. He immediately selected Oscar-winning actress Whoopi Goldberg as host of the 1999 ceremony, Cates explained his decision to bring back Goldberg as host saying, The audience adores Whoopi and that affection, plus Whoopis extraordinary talent makes her a terrific host for the show. In a statement, Goldberg expressed that she was honored and excited to be selected to emcee the telecast commenting, who would have thought that I would be hosting the last Oscar telecast of the century. Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony and its related events, bill Conti served as musical director for the festivities. For the first time, the Academy produced its own pre-show that preceded the main telecast, produced by Dennis Doty, the half-hour program was hosted by actress Geena Davis and CNN reporter Jim Moret. At the time of the announcement on February 9, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees was $302 million with an average of $60.4 million per film. Saving Private Ryan was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $194.2 million in box office receipts
22.
45th Academy Awards
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The 45th Academy Awards were presented March 27,1973, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles, honoring the best films of 1972. The ceremonies were presided over by Carol Burnett, Michael Caine, Charlton Heston, chaplin had received honorary Academy Awards in 1929 and 1972. Cabaret, Bob Fosses adaptation of the Broadway stage musical, set a record for the most Oscars won without winning Best Picture, Best Picture winner The Godfather received only three Academy Awards. This year was the first time that two African American women received nominations for Best Actress and this was also the first year when all the Oscar winners were brought out on stage at the end of the ceremony. This was also the first year that the Best Picture award was presented last, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Charles S. Boren Edward G. Robinson It was initially announced, on February 12,1973, that The Godfather received 11 nominations, more than any other film that year. This was reduced to 10 nominations after a new vote by the Academys music branch, following a controversy over whether Nino Rotas score for The Godfather was eligible for the nomination it received. For the re-balloting, members of the music branch chose from six films, The Godfather, John Addisons score for Sleuth won this new vote, and thus replaced Rotas score on the official list of nominees. The nominations in the category of Best Original Song were not announced in February with the rest of the nominations and it was later reported that the Academy had been considering whether Curtis Mayfields song Freddies Dead from the film Super Fly should be eligible. The song was ruled ineligible for a nomination because its lyrics were not sung in the film, Academy governor John Green was quoted as saying, Times have changed. In the old days Hollywood made 30 or 40 musicals a year, now there are hardly any, and most of the eligible songs are themes. Both the lyric and the music must be heard on the track to be eligible. The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers, 30th Golden Globe Awards 1972 in film 15th Grammy Awards 24th Primetime Emmy Awards 25th Primetime Emmy Awards 26th British Academy Film Awards 27th Tony Awards
23.
46th Academy Awards
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The 46th Academy Awards were presented on April 2,1974, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by John Huston, Diana Ross, Burt Reynolds, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. The 46th Academy Awards ceremony is perhaps best remembered as the ceremony in which a streaker named Robert Opel ran across the stage naked while flashing a peace sign with his hand. In response, host David Niven jokingly quipped, The only laugh that man will ever get in his life is by stripping off, first-time nominee George Lucas made his debut at the Academy Awards with his nostalgic teen drama American Graffiti. It was nominated for Best Picture, Director & Original Screenplay, Editor, jack Lemmon won his second career Oscar that night, his first was for 1955s Mister Roberts. As he accepted the award, he announced that In recent years, especially, katharine Hepburn made her first and only appearance at the ceremony to present The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award to her longtime friend Lawrence Weingarten. Whenever she won an Oscar, she always had either the presenter or another associated with her film accept it on her behalf. Upon taking the stage, she received an ovation, to which she replied Im living proof that a person can wait forty-one years to be unselfish. Coincidentally, Debbie Reynolds, Elizabeth Taylor and Connie Stevens, who were all ex-wives of Eddie Fishers and this was Susan Haywards last public appearance before she died of brain cancer in 1975. At 10 years,148 days of age, Tatum ONeal won Best Supporting Actress for her role in Paper Moon and she became the youngest winner of an Oscar, a feat unmatched to this day. During the ceremony, the whole in memoriam tribute was for legendary producer Samuel Goldwyn and he is the only person to have an Academy Awards ceremony dedicated solely to him. Longtime film veteran/comedian Groucho Marx was presented with an Honorary Academy Award for his contributions to the cinema, julia Phillips became the first female producer to win for Best Picture. With Tatum ONeal being 10 years old and John Houseman being 71 years old, the following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers
24.
49th Academy Awards
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The 49th Academy Awards were presented March 28,1977, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Richard Pryor, Jane Fonda, Ellen Burstyn and this Academy Awards ceremony is notable for Peter Finch becoming the first posthumous winner of an Oscar for acting, a feat matched only by Heath Ledger 32 years later. Beatrice Straight set another record by becoming the actor with shortest performance ever in a film to win an acting Oscar, with five minutes. As of the 89th Academy Awards, Network remains the last film to receive five acting nominations, and it was also the third and, to date, last film to receive three nominations in lead acting categories. It was the eleventh of fifteen films to receive nominations in all four acting categories and this years Academy Awards is also notable for the first ever female nominee for Best Director, Lina Wertmüller for Seven Beauties. To date, three female directors have been nominated, Jane Campion for The Piano in 1993, Sofia Coppola for Lost in Translation in 2003. Barbra Streisand received her second Academy Award, composing music for the love theme Evergreen, no honorary awards were given this year. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger, pandro S. Berman The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. 34th Golden Globe Awards 1976 in film 19th Grammy Awards 28th Primetime Emmy Awards 29th Primetime Emmy Awards 30th British Academy Film Awards 31st Tony Awards
25.
50th Academy Awards
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The 50th Academy Awards were held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California on April 3,1978. The ceremonies were presided over by Bob Hope, who hosted the awards for the nineteenth, the awards show was also notable for a very politically charged acceptance speech by Vanessa Redgrave. The Turning Point set the record for the most nominations without a win, previously held by Peyton Place and The Little Foxes and this record, later tied by The Color Purple, still stands as of 2017. Annie Hall was the last Best Picture winner to be nominated for just five awards until The Departed 29 years later in 2006, jason Robards became the fourth actor to win back-to-back Oscars, following Luise Rainer, Spencer Tracy, and Katharine Hepburn. For the first and only time to date, both Best Actor and Best Actress winners won for roles in two different romantic comedies. The animated opening sequence, as well as promos for the Awards show, were designed by British graphic designer Harry Marks, Marks also designed animated sequences for the top nominated categories, which werent used for the final telecast. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger, after complaints that their signing was incomprehensible, it was revealed the girls were not deaf and had been taught rudimentary signing specifically for the performance. This prompted protests from the Alliance for Deaf Artists, sammy Davis, Jr. Online -75 Years of Oscar -1978 IMDb, Academy Awards, USA,1978 filmsite. org,1977 Academy Awards Winners and History Redgraves Zionist Hoodlums Speech Shocks Hollywood
26.
51st Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 22 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Jack Haley Jr. comedian and talk show host Johnny Carson hosted the show for the first time. The Deer Hunter won five awards including Best Picture, special Delivery, Superman, Teenage Father and Thank God Its Friday with one. The ceremony, held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Downtown Los Angeles, Jack Elliott and Allyn Ferguson served as musical directors for the telecast. Singers Sammy Davis Jr. and Steve Lawrence performed a medley called Oscars Only Human which was composed of songs that were not nominated for Best Original Song. It was also remembered for being the public appearance of Oscar-winning actor John Wayne. On June 11, two months after the ceremony, he died from complications from cancer at age 72. The nominees for the 51st Academy Awards were announced on February 20,1979, the Deer Hunter and Heaven Can Wait tied for the most nominations with nine each. The winners were announced during the ceremony on April 9. Furthermore, Beatty was the first person since Orson Welles to earn acting, directing, producing, with Jon Voight and Jane Fondas respective wins in the Best Actor and Best Actress categories, Coming Home was the fourth film to win both lead acting awards. Best Supporting Actress winner Maggie Smith became the person to win an Oscar for playing an Oscar loser. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger
27.
52nd Academy Awards
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The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14,1980, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry—the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever—and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas and this was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013. Ironically, their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger
28.
55th Academy Awards
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The 55th Academy Awards were presented April 11,1983 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Liza Minnelli, Dudley Moore, Richard Pryor, the awards were dominated by the Best Picture winner Gandhi, which won eight awards out of its eleven nominations. Louis Gossett Jr. became the first African-American actor to win Best Supporting Actor for his performance as the tough and principled drill sergeant Emil Foley in An Officer, meryl Streep won her first Best Actress award. She had been nominated the year before for The French Lieutenants Woman, Streep had previously won the Best Supporting Actress award in 1979 for Kramer vs Kramer. This marked the first of 28 consecutive years where a Barbara Walters interview special aired before the ceremony, Walters had previously aired an interview special in 1981 and in subsequent years, her special aired prior to the Academys formal broadcast of celebrities walking the red carpet. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger, mickey Rooney Walter Mirisch The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
29.
56th Academy Awards
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The 56th Academy Awards were presented April 9,1984 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson, the Best Supporting Actress winner this year was unique. Tompkins becomes the first African-American to be nominated in Best Costume Design, james L. Brooks won three Academy Awards this year, winning as producer, director and writer of Best Picture winner Terms of Endearment. Of its other eight nominations, two were for Best Actress, Shirley MacLaine won over Debra Winger in that category, the movie won five Oscars, the fifth being Jack Nicholsons second career Oscar. The performance occurred over the credits to the broadcast. The Award for Best Makeup was not given this year, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. As a result, Foote made sure he was present for the ceremony when he was nominated for Tender Mercies, he won that Oscar as well, the following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
30.
Walt Disney Animation Studios
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Founded on October 16,1923, it is a division of The Walt Disney Studios. The studio has produced 56 feature films, from Snow White and it was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929. The studio was dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934. In 1983, Walt Disney Productions named its film studio Walt Disney Pictures. In 2006, Walt Disney Feature Animation took on its current name, the studio also pioneered the art of storyboarding, which is now a standard technique used in both animated and live-action filmmaking. Walt Disney Animation Studios continues to produce films using both traditional animation and computer-generated imagery, at the present, Andrew Millstein is the general manager of the studio for day-to-day business affairs, under the direction of Edwin Catmull and John Lasseter who also oversee Pixar. Kansas City, Missouri, natives Walt Disney and Roy O, in February 1924, the studio moved next door to office space of its own at 4649 Kingswell Avenue. Disney refused, and as Universal owned the rights to Oswald rather than Disney, most of Disneys staff was hired away by Mintz to move over, once Disneys Oswald contract was done in mid-1928. The first two Mickey Mouse cartoons, Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho, were previewed in limited engagements during the summer of 1928, the Mickey Mouse series of sound cartoons, distributed by Powers through Celebrity Productions, quickly became the most popular cartoon series in the United States. A second Disney series of cartoons, the Silly Symphonies. Powers in return signed away Ub Iwerks, who began producing cartoons at his own studio, columbia distributed Disneys shorts for two years before the Disney studio entered a new distribution deal with United Artists in 1932. The result was the Silly Symphony Flowers and Trees, the first film released in full Technicolor. Flowers and Trees was a success, and all Silly Symphonies were subsequently produced in Technicolor. In 1934, Walt Disney gathered several key members and announced his plans to make his first feature animated film. In the course of teaching the classes, Graham and the created or formalized many of the techniques and processes that became the key tenets. During the production of Snow White, work had continued on the Mickey Mouse, Mickey Mouse switched to Technicolor in 1935, by which time the series had added several major supporting characters, among them Mickeys dog Pluto and their friends Donald Duck and Goofy. Donald, Goofy, and Pluto would all be appearing in series of their own by 1940, the Silly Symphonies, which garnered seven Academy Awards, ended in 1939. The success of Snow White allowed Disney to build a new, larger studio on Buena Vista Street in Burbank, Walt Disney Productions had its initial public offering on April 2,1940, with Walt Disney as president and chairman and Roy Disney as CEO
31.
62nd Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates, Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the first time. Driving Miss Daisy won four awards including Best Picture and Best Actress for Jessica Tandy, the telecast garnered more than 40 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 62nd Academy Awards were announced on February 14,1990, PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Karl Malden, president of the Academy, and the actress Geena Davis. Driving Miss Daisy received the most nominations with nine total, Born on the Fourth of July came in second with eight, winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 26,1990. Driving Miss Daisy became the film to win Best Picture without a Best Director nomination. At age 80, Jessica Tandy became the oldest winner of competitive acting Oscar at the time, kenneth Branagh was the fifth person nominated for Best Lead Actor and Best Director for the same film. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double-dagger, akira Kurosawa Howard W. Koch The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers. The committee later determined that Carrs biggest mistake was allowing the opening number to run for 12 minutes. Producer and former Directors Guild of America president Gilbert Cates, who headed the committee, newly elected AMPAS president Karl Malden also commented on the last years telecast, Some of the people in the Academy felt the show got a little out of control. In September 1989, Cates was chosen as producer of the 1990 telecast, the following January, actor and comedian Billy Crystal was chosen as host of the ceremony. We are extremely pleased to have Billy host the show, Cates said in a press release justifying his choice and his unique talents and his ability to handle the unexpected will be important assets this year. Cates christened the show with the theme Around the World in 3 1/2 Hours commenting that it would a party thrown around the world and he also explained, The world is changing, and hopefully the awards show is changing, matching the changes in the world. In tandem with the theme, several presenters announced the winners from various international locales such as Buenos Aires, London, Moscow. Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony, documentary filmmaker Chuck Workman assembled a montage saluting 100 Years at the Movies that was shown at the beginning of the telecast. Film composer and musician Bill Conti served as director for the ceremony. Dancer and singer Paula Abdul supervised the Best Song nominee performances, singer Diana Ross performed the Oscar-winning song Over the Rainbow in a tribute to the 50th anniversary of The Wizard of Oz. At the time of the announcement on February 14, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees at the US box office was $244 million with an average of $48.9 million
32.
The Little Mermaid (1989 film)
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The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Based on the Danish fairy tale of the name by Hans Christian Andersen. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and it also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance. Announced by Disney back in May 2016, a film adaptation is currently in the works. Ariel, a mermaid princess, is dissatisfied with underwater life in the kingdom of Atlantica and is curious about the human world. One night, Ariel, Flounder, and an unwilling Sebastian travel to the surface to watch a celebration for the birthday of Prince Eric on a ship. Ariel instantly becomes enamored with Eric, the birthday celebration is cut short by a violent storm which destroys the ship and tosses Eric overboard. Ariel rescues him and brings him to shore and she sings to him, but immediately leaves just as he regains consciousness to avoid being discovered. Fascinated by the memory of her voice, Eric vows to find who saved and sang to him, when Triton discovers Ariels love for Eric, Triton confronts her in the grotto and destroys most of the artifacts with his trident. After Triton leaves, two eels named Flotsam and Jetsam convince Ariel to visit Ursula the sea witch, Ursula tricks Ariel into making a deal to transform her into a human for three days in exchange for Ariels voice, which Ursula puts in a nautilus shell. Within these three days, Ariel must receive the kiss of love from Eric. If Ariel gets Eric to kiss her, she will remain a human permanently, otherwise, she will transform back into a mermaid, Ariel accepts and is then given human legs and brought to the surface by Flounder and Sebastian. Eric finds Ariel on the beach and takes her to his castle, Ariel spends time with Eric, and at the end of the second day, they almost kiss but are thwarted by Flotsam and Jetsam. Angered at their escape, Ursula sets a trap for Eric and Ariel, she disguises herself as a beautiful young woman named Vanessa. Discovering that Vanessa is actually Ursula in disguise, Scuttle informs Ariel of Ursulas plan to marry Eric while Sebastian informs Triton about Ursulas actions, assisted by her friends, Ariel stops Erics wedding to Ursula, destroying the nautilus shell around Ursulas neck and restoring Ariels voice. Realizing that Ariel is the girl who saved his life, Eric rushes to kiss her, Triton furiously confronts Ursula and demands Ariels release, but the deal is inviolable. Ursula tricks Triton into taking Ariels place as Ursulas prisoner, giving up his trident, Ariel is released as Triton is transformed into a polyp. Ursula steps forward as the new queen, but before she can use the trident, Ursula attempts to kill Eric, but inadvertently kills Flotsam and Jetsam in the process
33.
Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)
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Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. To become a prince again, Beast must win her love in return, otherwise, he will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Walt Disney first attempted unsuccessfully to adapt Beauty and the Beast into an animated film during the 1930s and 1950s. Following the success of The Little Mermaid, Walt Disney Pictures decided to adapt the fairy tale, Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg eventually dismissed Purdums idea and ordered that the film be a musical similar to The Little Mermaid instead. The film was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, with a screenplay by Linda Woolverton story first credited to Roger Allers, lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken wrote the films songs. Ashman, who served as the films executive producer, died of AIDS-related complications eight months before the films release. The film was a box office success, grossing $425 million worldwide and it won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for its title song. In April 1994, Beauty and the Beast became Disneys first animated film to be adapted into a Broadway musical, the success of the film spawned two direct-to-video follow-ups, Beauty and the Beast, The Enchanted Christmas and Belles Magical World. This was followed by a television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle. An IMAX version was released in 2002 that included Human Again, after the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King, the film was reissued in 3D in 2012. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being culturally, historically, a live-action remake of the film was released on March 17,2017. Somewhere in France, an enchantress, disguised as an old beggar, offers an enchanted rose to a prince in exchange for shelter in his castle from the bitter cold. For his callousness, the enchantress transforms him into a beast to match his character and she gives him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, along with the rose. To break the spell, the prince must learn to love another, if he fails, he will remain a beast forever. Ten years later, a woman, Belle, is bored of her village life. Because of her nonconformist ideals, she is ridiculed by everyone except her father Maurice, the bookseller. Despite being popular with the townsfolk, Gaston is determined to marry Belle, Maurice and his horse Phillipe get lost in the forest while traveling to a fair to present his newest invention, a wood-chopping machine. When Phillipe abandons Maurice, he comes across the Beasts castle, inside, he meets Lumière the candlestick, Cogsworth the clock, Mrs. Potts the teapot, and her son Chip the teacup
34.
Aladdin (1992 Disney film)
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Aladdin is a 1992 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Aladdin is the 31st Disney animated feature film, and was part of the Disney film era known as the Disney Renaissance. The film was directed by John Musker and Ron Clements, and is based on the Arab-style folktale Aladdin, the voice cast features Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin, Jonathan Freeman, Frank Welker, Gilbert Gottfried, and Douglas Seale. Lyricist Howard Ashman first pitched the idea, and the screenplay went through three drafts before then-Disney Studios president Jeffrey Katzenberg agreed to its production. The animators based their designs on the work of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld, the musical score was written by Alan Menken and features six songs with lyrics written by both Ashman and Tim Rice, who took over after Ashmans death. Aladdin was released on November 25,1992 and was the most successful film of 1992, earning over $217 million in revenue in the United States, the film also won many awards, most of them for its soundtrack. A peddler sets up shop in the sultanate of Agrabah. Jafar, the Grand Vizier of the Sultan, and his parrot Iago, Jafar identifies a street urchin named Aladdin as worthy. Aladdin and his pet monkey, Abu, cross paths with Princess Jasmine, Aladdin and Jasmine become friends and fall in love, but Jafar has Aladdin apprehended, tricking Jasmine into thinking that he has been decapitated. Disguised as an old man, Jafar frees Aladdin and Abu, taking them to the Cave, inside, Aladdin befriends a magic carpet. Abu greedily tries to steal a jewel, despite the Cave’s warning, trapped in the Cave, Aladdin rubs the lamp, releasing Genie, who was trapped inside. Genie explains that Aladdin has become his master and he will grant him three wishes, Aladdin tricks the Genie into freeing them from the Cave without utilizing a wish, and then uses his first to become a prince to be near Jasmine. Jafar, on Iago’s suggestion, plots to become Sultan by marrying Jasmine, Aladdin parades into the city as “Prince Ali of Ababwa. ”However, Jasmine is unimpressed with Aladdin’s bravado. Despite his friends advising him to tell Jasmine the truth, Aladdin refuses, believing she would never fall “for some street rat. ”He takes Jasmine on a flight on the magic carpet, where she deduces his identity, though Aladdin convinces her that he dresses as a peasant to escape the stresses of royal life. Aladdin returns Jasmine home, only to be attacked by the guards on Jafar’s orders and nearly drowned. Jafar tries to hypnotize the Sultan into agreeing to his marriage to Jasmine, only for Aladdin to appear, Jafar flees, but notices Aladdin has the lamp, realizing who he is. Learning he will become Sultan, Aladdin has second thoughts about freeing the Genie, believing that without him, Iago steals the lamp, and Jafar becomes the Genie’s new master. Jafar orders the Genie to brainwash Jasmine into falling in love with him, Jasmine feigns interest to distract Jafar and allow Aladdin to get the lamp, but he is cornered
35.
The Lion King
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The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film, produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film, the story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeares Hamlet. The film was produced during a known as the Disney Renaissance. The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts and its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer. Development of The Lion King began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney, and Peter Schneider while promoting Oliver & Company in Europe. Thomas Disch wrote a treatment, and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director. Production began in 1991 concurrently with Pocahontas, which wound up attracting most of Disneys top animators, when Hahn joined the project, he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten. Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences were produced at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida, computer animation was also used in several scenes, most notably in the wildebeest stampede sequence. The Lion King garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, in the Pride Lands of Africa, a lion rules over the animal kingdom from Pride Rock. King Mufasas newborn son, Simba, is presented to the animals by Rafiki. Mufasa shows young Simba the Pride Lands and explains to him the responsibilities of kingship, Mufasas younger brother, Scar, covets the throne and plots to eliminate Mufasa and Simba so he may become king. He tricks Simba and his best friend Nala—to whom Simba is betrothed—into exploring a forbidden elephants graveyard, Mufasa is alerted to the danger by his majordomo, the hornbill Zazu, and rescues the cubs. Though angry with Simba, Mufasa forgives him and explains that the kings of the past watch over them from the night sky. Scar sets a trap for his brother and nephew, luring Simba into a gorge and he informs Mufasa of Simbas peril, knowing the king will rush to save his son. Mufasa saves Simba but ends up hanging perilously from the edge and is betrayed by Scar. Scar convinces Simba that the tragedy was Simbas own fault and advises him to flee the kingdom and he orders the hyenas to kill the cub, but Simba escapes. Scar tells the pride that both Mufasa and Simba were killed in the stampede and steps forward as the new king, allowing a large pack of hyenas to live in the Pride Lands
36.
Disney Renaissance
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From 2000-06, Disney Animation went through a slump, downsizing, and conversion to computer animation, due to competition from CGI films made from Pixar and DreamWorks Animation. With Disneys acquisition of Pixar in 2006, it was expected that Disney Animation would be shut down, after the deaths of Walt and Roy O. Disney, The Walt Disney Studios were left in the hands of Donn Tatum, Card Walker, and Ron Miller. The films released over a period following this change of management did not perform as well commercially as their prior counterparts. With 17% of the now gone, production on The Fox. Don Bluth Productions produced The Secret of NIMH in 1982, Disney made major organizational changes in the 1980s after narrowly escaping a hostile takeover attempt from Saul Steinberg. Michael Eisner, formerly of Paramount Pictures, became CEO in 1984, thus, most of the Disney Renaissance actually took place in a rather ordinary industrial park in Glendale, the Grand Central Business Centre. After the box office failure of the 1985 PG-rated feature The Black Cauldron, going against a thirty-year studio policy, the company founded a television animation division which was much cheaper than theatrical animation. In the interest of saving what he believed to be the core business. In 1986, Disney released The Great Mouse Detective, while Don Bluth released An American Tail, an American Tail outperformed Mouse Detective, and became the higher-grossing film on its first release. Despite An American Tails greater level of success, The Great Mouse Detective was still enough to instill executive confidence in Disneys animation department. The film was a critical and commercial success, winning three Academy Awards for technical achievements and renewing interest in animated cartoons. Other than the itself, Spielberg also helped Disney produce three Roger Rabbit shorts. It won two Academy Awards for Best Original Song and for Best Original Score, earning a nomination for Best Original Song for Kiss the Girl. The Rescuers Down Under was released one year later and was the first canon sequel produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, the film garnered mainly positive reception, but was not as financially successful as The Little Mermaid. Beauty and the Beast, often considered to be one of the greatest of all Disney animated features, beauty and the Beast did win the Golden Globe Award for Best Picture and two Academy Awards, for Best Original Score and Best Original Song. Beauty and the Beast also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound, Aladdin and The Lion King followed in 1992 and 1994, respectively, with both films having the highest worldwide grosses of their respective release years. Both films won Academy Awards for Best Original Song and Best Original Score, Aladdin also earned an additional Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song and nominations for Best Sound and Best Sound Effects Editing, for a total of five nominations. The Lion King earned two additional Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, giving it a total of four Academy Award nominations, howard Ashman wrote several songs for Aladdin before his death, but only three were ultimately used in the film
37.
Forrest Gump
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Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson, the film differs substantially from Winston Grooms novel, including Gumps personality and several events that were depicted. Principal photography took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, extensive visual effects were used to incorporate the protagonist into archived footage and to develop other scenes. A comprehensive soundtrack was featured in the film, using music intended to pinpoint specific time periods portrayed on screen and its commercial release made it a top-selling soundtrack, selling over twelve million copies worldwide. In 1995 it won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director for Robert Zemeckis, Best Actor for Tom Hanks, Best Adapted Screenplay for Eric Roth, Best Visual Effects, and Best Film Editing. It also garnered other awards and nominations, including Golden Globes, Peoples Choice Awards. Since the films release varying interpretations have made of the films protagonist. In 1996, a restaurant, Bubba Gump Shrimp Company. The scene of Gump running across the country is referred to when real-life people attempt the feat. In 2011, the Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The plot is delivered in a number of flashbacks in the narrative of Forrest Gump as he sits at a bus stop with a suitcase full of mementos in Savannah. He initiates conversation with a stranger and recalls his childhood in Greenbow, Forrest is raised by a single mother who runs a bed and breakfast for travelling folk including at one point a young Elvis Presley, and has to wear leg braces to fix a crooked back. Despite having a diminished intellect, Forrest is admitted to school after his mother agrees to have sex with the principal. On his first day of school, Forrest meets Jenny Curran, the children bond, finding in each other a confidante and kindred spirit. With Jennys encouragement, Forrest runs away from a group of bullies, struggling until his leg braces break off and he features in the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door and listens to George Wallace. He then meets President John F. Kennedy as a member of the NCAA All-American team and they are sent to Vietnam under Lieutenant Dan Taylor. After four months of patrolling in rain, Bubba is killed during their first encounter, Lieutenant Dan sustains major injuries and loses both his legs. Forrest is wounded in the buttocks while saving members of his platoon—including Lieutenant Dan—and is awarded the Medal of Honor, while recovering from his wounds, Forrest discovers an aptitude for ping-pong, eventually playing against the Chinese in ping-pong diplomacy
