1.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
2.
13th Academy Awards
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The 13th Academy Awards honored American film achievements in 1940. This was the first year that sealed envelopes were used to keep secret the names of the winners which led to the phrase, May I have the envelope. The accounting firm of Price Waterhouse was hired to count the ballots, for the first time, the award for Best Screenplay was split into two separate categories, Best Original Screenplay and Best Adapted Screenplay. Independent producer David O. Selznick, who had produced the previous years big winner Gone with the Wind, also produced the Best Picture winner in 1940, Rebecca –, Selznick was the first to produce two consecutive winners of the Best Picture Oscar. The films studio – United Artists – was the last of the film studios to win the Best Picture Oscar. Rebecca was the first American-made film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, Hitchcock had two films nominated for Best Picture, the other being Foreign Correspondent. Two other directors also had two films in the running this year, Sam Wood and John Ford, pinocchio was the first animated film to take home competitive Oscars, for both Best Score and Best Song, starting a long tradition of animated films winning in these categories. The Thief of Bagdad received the most Oscars of the evening, winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. Bob Hope Colonel Nathan Levinson For the first time, names of all winners remained secret until the moment they received their awards, franklin D. Roosevelt gave a six-minute direct radio address to the attendees from the White House. It is the first time an American president participated in the event
3.
Jordan Peele
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Jordan Haworth Peele is an American actor, comedian, and filmmaker. He is best known for starring in the Comedy Central sketch series Key & Peele, in 2014, he also had a recurring role in the first season of the FX anthology series Fargo. His directorial debut horror film Get Out was released in 2017 to critical acclaim, Peele was born in New York City, New York. His father is black, and his mother Lucinda Williams is white and he attended the Computer School in I. S.44 for Junior High School and went on to attend The Calhoun School for high school, graduating in 1997. He then went on to attend Sarah Lawrence College as a member of the class of 2001, Peele began dating Chelsea Peretti in 2013. They became engaged in November 2015, and, in April 2016, Peretti announced that she, in February 2017, they announced that they were expecting their first child. Peele regularly performed at Boom Chicago in Amsterdam and The Second City in Chicago and he and Nicole Parker were well known for their musical duets at Boom Chicago. He portrayed a character called Danish Supermodel Ute during his time at Boom Chicago. Peele appeared on the Comedy Bang, Bang. podcast as disqualified American Idol singer Jermaine Jones alongside Gillian Jacobs of Community. In 2003, Peele joined the cast of MADtv for its ninth season, around the time Keegan-Michael Key joined the cast as a featured performer, it was assumed that Key would be chosen over Peele. The two of them ultimately were cast together after showing great comedic chemistry, Peele performed celebrity impersonations, which included favorites Caroll Spinney, Ja Rule, James Brown, Flavor Flav, Justin Guarini, Montel Williams, Morgan Freeman, and Forest Whitaker. Peele was absent from the first four episodes of his season on MADtv. He made a cameo in Weird Al Yankovics video White & Nerdy with MADtv co-star Keegan-Michael Key, Peele was nominated for a 2008 Emmy for his song Sad Fitty Cent, a music video parody about 50 Cent lamenting over his rivalry with Kanye West. The lyrics were, according to the video, written by Peele. Peele auditioned to be a castmember for Saturday Night Live when SNL producers were looking for someone to play Barack Obama, Peele remained at MADtv, and the role went to Fred Armisen until September 2012, when Jay Pharoah took over the role. After five seasons on MADtv, Peele left the cast at the end of the 13th season, in 2010, Peele co-starred in the FOX comedy pilot The Station and appeared with a recurring role in the Adult Swim series Childrens Hospital. He had a role in the David Wain-directed comedy Wanderlust. Peele and his former MADtv castmate and friend Keegan-Michael Key starred in their own Comedy Central sketch series Key & Peele, in 2016, the pair starred in and produced their first film Keanu
4.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
5.
Screenplay
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A screenplay or script is a written work by screenwriters for a film, video game, or television program. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing, in them, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of the characters are also narrated. A screenplay written for television is also known as a teleplay, the format is structured in a way that one page usually equates to one minute of screen time. In a shooting script, each scene is numbered, and technical direction may be given, in a spec or a draft in various stages of development, the scenes are not numbered, and technical direction is at a minimum. The standard font for a screenplay is 12 point,10 pitch Courier Typeface, the major components are action and dialogue. The action is written in the present tense, the dialogue are the lines the characters speak. Unique to the screenplay is the use of slug lines, a slug line, also called a master scene heading, occurs at the start of every scene, and is usually made up of three parts. Part one states whether the scene is set inside outside, or both, Part two states location of the scene. Part three, separated from Part two by a hyphen, refers to the time of the scene, each slug line begins a new scene. In a shooting script, the lines are numbered consecutively. These scene numbers serve as mile-post markers in a script and this allows any part of the script to be referred to by scene number. In the United States letter size paper and Courier 12 point are mandatory, the tab settings of the scene elements, which constitute the screenplays layout. The dialogue must be centered and the names must be capitalized, a script usually begins with FADE IN, followed by the first scene description. It might get more specific, e. g. FADE IN ON AN ECU of Ricky as he explains the divorce to Bob, a script will usually end with FADE TO BLACK, though there are variables, like CUT TO BLACK for abrupt endings. The style consists of a grammar that is specific to screenplays and this grammar also consists of two aspects, A prose that is manifestation-oriented, i. e. focuses largely on what is audible and what is visible on screen. This prose may only supply interpretations and explanation if clarity would otherwise be adversely affected, American screenplays are printed single-sided on three-hole-punched paper using the standard American letter size. They are then together with two brass brads in the top and bottom hole. The middle hole is left empty as it would make it harder to quickly read the script
6.
John Steinbeck
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John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. was an American author of 27 books, including 16 novels, six non-fiction books, and five collections of short stories. He is widely known for the comic novels Tortilla Flat and Cannery Row, the multi-generation epic East of Eden, the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Grapes of Wrath is considered Steinbecks masterpiece and part of the American literary canon. In the first 75 years after it was published, it sold 14 million copies, the winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature, he has been called a giant of American letters. His works are widely read abroad and many of his works are considered classics of Western literature, most of Steinbecks work is set in southern and central California, particularly in the Salinas Valley and the California Coast Ranges region. His works frequently explored the themes of fate and injustice, especially as applied to downtrodden or everyman protagonists, Steinbeck was born on February 27,1902, in Salinas, California. He was of German, English, and Irish descent, johann Adolf Großsteinbeck, Steinbecks paternal grandfather, shortened the family name to Steinbeck when he immigrated to the United States. The family farm in Heiligenhaus, Mettmann, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, is still named Großsteinbeck and his father, John Ernst Steinbeck, served as Monterey County treasurer. Johns mother, Olive Hamilton, a school teacher, shared Steinbecks passion for reading and writing. The Steinbecks were members of the Episcopal Church, although Steinbeck later became agnostic, Steinbeck lived in a small rural town, no more than a frontier settlement, set in some of the worlds most fertile land. He spent his summers working on ranches and later with migrant workers on Spreckels sugar beet farms. There he learned of the aspects of the migrant life and the darker side of human nature. He explored his surroundings, walking across local forests, fields, while working at Spreckels Sugar Company, he sometimes worked in their laboratory, which gave him time to write. He had considerable mechanical aptitude and fondness for repairing things he owned, Steinbeck graduated from Salinas High School in 1919 and went on to study English Literature at Stanford University near Palo Alto, leaving, without a degree, in 1925. He travelled to New York City where he took odd jobs while trying to write, when he failed to publish his work, he returned to California and worked in 1928 as a tour guide and caretaker at Lake Tahoe, where he met Carol Henning, his first wife. They married in January 1930 in Los Angeles, where, with friends, the elder Steinbecks gave John free housing, paper for his manuscripts, and from 1928, loans that allowed him to write without looking for work. When those sources failed, Steinbeck and his wife accepted welfare, whatever food they had, they shared with their friends. Carol became the model for Mary Talbot in Steinbecks novel Cannery Row, in 1930, Steinbeck met the marine biologist Ed Ricketts, who became a close friend and mentor to Steinbeck during the following decade, teaching him a great deal about philosophy and biology. Ricketts, usually quiet, yet likable, with an inner self-sufficiency
7.
Raymond Chandler
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Raymond Thornton Chandler was a British-American novelist and screenwriter. In 1932, at the age of forty-four, Chandler became a fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Great Depression. His first short story, Blackmailers Dont Shoot, was published in 1933 in Black Mask and his first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939. In addition to his stories, Chandler published seven novels during his lifetime. All but Playback have been made into motion pictures, some more than once, in the year before his death, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on March 26,1959, in La Jolla, Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature. He is considered to be a founder of the school of detective fiction, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain. The protagonist of his novels, Philip Marlowe, like Hammetts Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with private detective, both were played in films by Humphrey Bogart, whom many consider to be the quintessential Marlowe. Some of Chandlers novels are considered important literary works, and three have been considered masterpieces, Farewell, My Lovely, The Little Sister, and The Long Goodbye, Chandler was born in 1888 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Florence Dart and Maurice Benjamin Chandler. He spent his years in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, living with his mother and father near his cousins and his aunt. Chandlers father, a civil engineer who worked for the railway. To obtain the best possible education for Ray, his mother, originally from Ireland, moved them to the area of Upper Norwood in the London Borough of Croydon, another uncle, a successful lawyer in Waterford, Ireland, supported them while they lived with Chandlers maternal grandmother. Raymond was a first cousin to the actor Max Adrian, a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Chandler was classically educated at Dulwich College, London and he spent some of his childhood summers in Waterford with his mothers family. He did not go to university, instead spending time in Paris, in 1907, he was naturalized as a British subject in order to take the civil service examination, which he passed. He then took an Admiralty job, lasting just over a year and his first poem was published during that time. Chandler disliked the servility of the service and resigned, to the consternation of his family, and became a reporter for the Daily Express. He was unsuccessful as a journalist, but he published reviews, an encounter with the slightly older Richard Barham Middleton is said to have influenced him into postponing his career as writer
8.
Alain Robbe-Grillet
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Alain Robbe-Grillet was a French writer and filmmaker. He was one of the figures most associated with the Nouveau Roman trend of the 1960s, along with Nathalie Sarraute, Michel Butor, Alain Robbe-Grillet was elected a member of the Académie française on 25 March 2004, succeeding Maurice Rheims at seat No.32. He was married to Catherine Robbe-Grillet, Alain Robbe-Grillet was born in Brest to a family of engineers and scientists. He was trained as an agricultural engineer, during the years 1943 and 1944, Robbe-Grillet participated in compulsory labor in Nuremberg, where he worked as a machinist. In 1945, Robbe-Grillet completed his diploma at the National Institute of Agronomy, later, his work as an agronomist took him to Martinique, French Guinea, Guadeloupe, and Morocco. He died in Caen after succumbing to heart problems, Robbe-Grillets first published novel was The Erasers, which was issued by Les Éditions de Minuit in 1953. After that, he dedicated himself full-time to his new occupation and his early work was praised by eminent critics, such as Roland Barthes and Maurice Blanchot. Around the time of his novel, he became a literary advisor for Les Éditions de Minuit. After publishing four novels, in 1961, he worked with Alain Resnais, writing the script for Last Year in Marienbad, in 1963, Robbe-Grillet published For a New Novel, a collection of previously-published theoretical writings concerning the novel. From 1966 to 1968, he was a member of the High Committee for the Defense, in addition, Robbe-Grillet also led the Centre for Sociology of Literature at the Université Libre de Bruxelles from 1980 to 1988. From 1971 to 1995, Robbe-Grillet was a professor at New York University, although Robbe-Grillet was elected to the Académie française in 2004, in his eighties, he never was formally received by the Académie because of disputes regarding the Académies reception procedures. His writing style has been described as realist or phenomenological or a theory of pure surface, methodical, geometric, and often repetitive descriptions of objects replace the psychology and interiority of the character. Timelines and plots are fractured, and the novel resembles the literary equivalent of a cubist painting. Yet his work is characterized by its ability to mean many things to many different people. His second novel, The Erasers, superficially resembles a detective novel, the detective is seeking the assassin in a murder that has not yet occurred, only to discover that it is his destiny to become that assassin. His next and most acclaimed novel is The Voyeur, first published in French in 1955, the Voyeur relates the story of Mathias, a traveling watch salesman who returns to the island of his youth with a desperate objective. Importantly, the murder, if such a thing exists, is absent from the text. The narration contains little dialogue, and a timeline of events
9.
Edward Bond
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Edward Bond is an English playwright, theatre director, poet, theorist and screenwriter. He is the author of some fifty plays, among them Saved, edward Bond was born on 18 July 1934 into a lower-working-class family in Holloway, North London. As a child during World War II he was evacuated to the countryside but was present during the bombings on London in 1940 and 1944 and his first contact with theatre was music-hall, where his sister used to be sawn in two in a conjurors sideshow. At fourteen, with his class he saw a performance of Shakespeares Macbeth by Donald Wolfit which was revelatory and he later explained that this performance was the first time he had been presented with traumatic experiences comparable to his own in a way he could apprehend and give meaning to. At fifteen, he left school only a very basic education. Bond then educated himself, driven by an eagerness for knowledge. After various jobs in factories and offices, he did his national service in the British Army occupation forces in Vienna between 1953 and 1955, during his time in the army he discovered the naked violence hidden behind normal social behaviour, and decided to start writing. Back in London, he educated himself in theatre while working, saw everything he could on stage and he was especially impressed by the performances of the Berliner Ensemble in the summer of 1956. In June 1958, after submitting two plays to the Royal Court Theatre he was invited to join its newly formed writers group. This is a naturalistic drama set in contemporary Essex which shows, through a set of tragic circumstances. Bonds next play, Saved became one of the best known cause célèbres in 20th century British theatre history, among them, one character, Len, persistently tries to maintain links between people violently tearing each other to pieces. The play shows the causes of violence and opposes them with individual freedom. This would remain the major theme throughout Bonds work, the play was directed by William Gaskill, then artistic director of the Royal Court. The Theatres Act 1843 was still in force and required scripts to be submitted for approval by the Lord Chamberlains Office, Saved included a scene featuring the stoning to death of a baby in its pram. The Lord Chamberlain sought to censor it, but Bond refused to alter a word and he was firmly backed by Gaskill and the Royal Court although threatened with serious trouble. An active campaign sought to overturn the prosecution, with a passionate defence presented by Laurence Olivier, the court found the English Stage Society guilty and they were given a conditional discharge. Bond and the Royal Court continued to defy the censor, and in 1967 produced a new play, the Royal Court produced the play despite the imposition of a total ban and within a year the law was finally repealed. In 1969, when the Royal Court was finally able to perform Bonds work legally, it put on, the experience of prosecution and mutual support sealed a link between Bond and the Royal Court where all his plays would be premiered until 1976, most directed by Gaskill
10.
Arthur C. Clarke
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Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE, FRAS was a British science fiction writer, science writer and futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host. He is perhaps most famous for being co-writer of the screenplay for the 1968 film 2001, A Space Odyssey, Clarke was a science writer, who was both an avid populariser of space travel and a futurist of uncanny ability. On these subjects he wrote over a dozen books and many essays, in 1961 he was awarded the Kalinga Prize, an award which is given by UNESCO for popularizing science. These along with his fiction writings eventually earned him the moniker Prophet of the Space Age. His other science fiction writings earned him a number of Hugo and Nebula awards, for many years Clarke, Robert Heinlein and Isaac Asimov were known as the Big Three of science fiction. Clarke was a proponent of space travel. In 1934, while still a teenager, he joined the British Interplanetary Society, in 1945, he proposed a satellite communication system, an idea which won him the Franklin Institutes Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1963, and other honours. Later he was the chairman of the British Interplanetary Society from 1946–47, Clarke emigrated from England to Sri Lanka in 1956, largely to pursue his interest in scuba diving. That year he discovered the ruins of the ancient Koneswaram temple in Trincomalee. Clarke augmented his fame later on in the 1980s, from being the host of television shows such as Arthur C. He lived in Sri Lanka until his death and he was knighted in 1998 and was awarded Sri Lankas highest civil honour, Sri Lankabhimanya, in 2005. Clarke was born in Minehead, Somerset, England, and grew up in nearby Bishops Lydeard, as a boy, he grew up on a farm enjoying stargazing, fossil collecting, and reading American science fiction pulp magazines. He received his education at Huish Grammar school in Taunton. Early influences included dinosaur cigarette cards, which led to an enthusiasm for fossils starting about 1925, in his teens, he joined the Junior Astronomical Association and contributed to Urania, the societys journal, which was edited in Glasgow by Marion Eadie. At Clarkes request, she added an Astronautics Section, which featured a series of articles by him on spacecraft and he moved to London in 1936 and joined the Board of Education as a pensions auditor. Clarke spent most of his wartime service working on ground-controlled approach radar, as documented in the semi-autobiographical Glide Path, although GCA did not see much practical use during the war, it proved vital to the Berlin Airlift of 1948–1949 after several years of development. Clarke initially served in the ranks, and was an instructor on radar at No.2 Radio School. He was commissioned as an officer on 27 May 1943
11.
Lillian Hellman
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Lillian Florence Lilly Hellman was an American dramatist and screenwriter known for her success as a playwright on Broadway, as well as her left-wing sympathies and political activism. She was blacklisted after her appearance before the House Committee on Un-American Activities at the height of the anti-communist campaigns of 1947–52, although she continued to work on Broadway in the 1950s, her blacklisting by the American film industry caused a drop in her income. Many praised Hellman for refusing to answer questions by HUAC, but others believed, despite her denial, that she had belonged to the Communist Party. As a playwright, Hellman had many successes on Broadway, including Watch on the Rhine, The Autumn Garden, Toys in the Attic, Another Part of the Forest, The Childrens Hour and The Little Foxes. She adapted her semi-autobiographical play The Little Foxes into a screenplay, Hellmans accuracy was challenged after she brought a libel suit against Mary McCarthy. In 1979, on the The Dick Cavett Show, McCarthy said that every word she writes is a lie, including and, during the libel suit, investigators found errors in Hellmans popular memoirs such as Pentimento. They said that the Julia section of Pentimento, which had been the basis for the Oscar-winning 1977 movie of the name, was actually based on the life of Muriel Gardiner. Martha Gellhorn, Ernest Hemingways ex-wife, said that Hellmans remembrances of Hemingway, McCarthy, Gellhorn and others accused Hellman of lying about her membership in the Communist Party and being an unrepentant Stalinist. Lillian Florence Hellman was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, into a Jewish family and her mother was Julia Newhouse of Demopolis, Alabama, and her father was Max Hellman, a New Orleans shoe salesman. Julia Newhouses parents were Sophie Marx, from a banking family, and Leonard Newhouse. During most of her childhood she spent half of year in New Orleans, in a boarding home run by her aunts. She studied for two years at New York University and then took courses at Columbia University. On December 31,1925, Hellman married Arthur Kober, a playwright and press agent, in 1929, she traveled around Europe for a time and settled in Bonn to continue her education. Years later she wrote, Then for the first time in my life I thought about being a Jew, beginning in 1930, for about a year she earned $50 a week as a reader for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Hollywood, writing summaries of novels and periodical literature for potential screenplays. Although she found the job rather dull, it opened doors for her to meet a greater range of creative people while also getting involved in more political. While there she met and fell in love with mystery writer Dashiell Hammett and she divorced Kober and returned to New York City in 1932. When she met Hammett in a Hollywood restaurant, she was 24 and they maintained their relationship off and on until his death in January 1961. Hellmans drama The Childrens Hour premiered on Broadway on November 24,1934 and it depicts a false accusation of lesbianism by a schoolgirl against two of her teachers
12.
Neil Simon
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Marvin Neil Simon is an American playwright, screenwriter and author. He has written more than thirty plays and nearly the same number of movie screenplays and he has received more combined Oscar and Tony nominations than any other writer. Simon grew up in New York during the Great Depression, with his parents financial hardships affecting their marriage, giving him a mostly unhappy and he often took refuge in movie theaters where he enjoyed watching the early comedians like Charlie Chaplin. After a few years in the Army Air Force Reserve, and after graduating high school, he began writing comedy scripts for radio. Among them were Sid Caesars Your Show of Shows from 1950 and he began writing his own plays beginning with Come Blow Your Horn, which took him three years to complete and ran for 678 performances on Broadway. It was followed by two successful plays, Barefoot in the Park and The Odd Couple, for which he won a Tony Award. It made him a celebrity and the hottest new playwright on Broadway. During the 1960s to 1980s, he wrote original screenplays and stage plays, with some films actually based on his plays. His style ranged from comedy to farce to more serious dramatic comedy. Overall, he has garnered seventeen Tony nominations and won three and his comedies centred on subjects such as marital conflict, infidelity, sibling rivalry, adolescence, and fear of aging. Simons facility with dialogue gives his stories a rare blend of realism, humor, Neil Simon was born on July 4,1927 in The Bronx, New York, to Jewish parents. His father, Irving Simon, was a garment salesman, and his mother, Simon had one older brother by eight years, Danny Simon. Simons childhood was difficult and mostly due to his parents tempestuous marriage. He would sometimes block out their arguments by putting a pillow over his ears at night and his father often abandoned the family for months at a time, causing them further financial and emotional hardship. As a result, Simon and his brother Danny were sometimes forced to live with different relatives, or else their parents took in boarders for some income. During an interview with writer Lawrence Grobel, Simon stated, To this day I never really knew what the reason for all the fights, shed hate him and be very angry, but he would come back and she would take him back. It made me strong as an independent person, to escape difficulties at home he often took refuge in movie theaters, where he especially enjoyed comedies with silent stars like Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, and Laurel and Hardy. Simon recalls, I was constantly being dragged out of movies for laughing too loud, I think part of what made me a comedy writer is the blocking out of some of the really ugly, painful things in my childhood and covering it up with a humorous attitude
13.
Paddy Chayefsky
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Sidney Aaron Paddy Chayefsky was an American playwright, screenwriter and novelist. He is the person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay. He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television and his intimate, realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s, and he was regarded as the central figure in the kitchen sink realism movement of American television. Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky was a successful writer, following his critically acclaimed teleplays, Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist. As a screenwriter, he received three Academy Awards for Marty, The Hospital and Network, the movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love. Network was his scathing satire of the industry and The Hospital was also satiric. Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital years ahead of its time, few films capture the disaster of Americas self-destructive idealism so well. Chayefskys early stories were influenced by the authors childhood in The Bronx. Chayefsky was part of the class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Television Hall of Fame. He received this honor three years after his death, in 1984, Chayefsky was born in The Bronx, New York City to Ukrainian Jewish parents, Harry and Gussie Stuchevsky Chayefsky. He attended DeWitt Clinton High School, and then the City College of New York, while there, he played for the semi-professional football team Kingsbridge Trojans. He graduated with a degree in accounting in 1943, and then studied languages at Fordham University, during World War II, Chayefsky joined the United States Army, where he received both a Purple Heart and the nickname Paddy. The nickname was given spontaneously when he was awakened at dawn for kitchen duty, although actually Jewish, he asked to be excused to attend Mass. Okay, Paddy, said the officer, and the name stuck, serving with the 104th Infantry Division in the European Theatre, he was near Aachen, Germany when he was wounded, reportedly by a land mine. While recovering from his injuries in the Army Hospital near Cirencester, England, he wrote the book and lyrics to a musical comedy, first produced in 1945 by the Special Services Unit, the show toured European Army bases for two years. The London opening of No T. O. for Love at the Scala Theatre in the West End was the beginning of Chayefskys theatrical career, kanin enabled Chayefsky to spend time working on his second play, Put Them All Together, but it was never produced. Producers Mike Gordon and Jerry Bressler gave him a junior writers contract and he wrote a story, The Great American Hoax, which sold to Good Housekeeping but was never published. He relocated to Hollywood, where he met his future wife Susan Sackler, failing to find work on the West Coast, Chayefsky returned to New York
14.
Tom Stoppard
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Sir Tom Stoppard OM CBE FRSL is a Czech-born British playwright and screenwriter, knighted in 1997. He co-wrote the screenplays for Brazil, The Russia House, and Shakespeare in Love, themes of human rights, censorship and political freedom pervade his work along with exploration of linguistics and philosophy. Stoppard has been a key playwright of the National Theatre and is one of the most internationally performed dramatists of his generation, in 2008 The Daily Telegraph ranked him number 11 in their list of the 100 most powerful people in British culture. Born in Czechoslovakia, Stoppard left as a refugee, fleeing imminent Nazi occupation. He settled with his family in Britain after the war, in 1946, after being educated at schools in Nottingham and Yorkshire, Stoppard became a journalist, a drama critic and then, in 1960, a playwright. He has been married three times, to Josie Ingle, then Miriam Stoppard, and Sabrina Guinness, Stoppard was born Tomáš Straussler, in Zlín, a shoe town, in the Moravia region of Czechoslovakia. He was the son of Martha Becková and Eugen Straussler, a doctor with the Bata shoe company, both of his parents were non-observant Jews, part of a long-established community. Just before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the patron, Jan Antonín Baťa, helped re-post his Jewish employees, mostly physicians. On 15 March 1939, the day that the Nazis invaded Czechoslovakia, before the Japanese occupation of Singapore, the two sons and their mother were sent on to Australia. Stoppards father remained in Singapore as a British army volunteer, knowing that, as a doctor and his father died when Stoppard was four years old. From there, in 1941, when Tomas was five, the three were evacuated to Darjeeling in India, the boys attended Mount Hermon School, an American multi-racial school, where Tomas became Tom and his brother Petr became Peter. In 1945, his mother Martha married British army major Kenneth Stoppard, setting up Stoppards desire as a child to become an honorary Englishman. I fairly often find Im with people who forget I dont quite belong in the world were in, he says. I find I put a foot wrong – it could be pronunciation, a bit of English history – and suddenly Im there naked, as someone with a pass. This is reflected in his characters, he notes, who are constantly being addressed by the name, with jokes. Stoppard attended the Dolphin School in Nottinghamshire, and later completed his education at Pocklington School in East Riding, Yorkshire, which he hated. Stoppard left school at seventeen and began work as a journalist for the Western Daily Press in Bristol, never receiving a university education, having taken against the idea. Years later he came to not going to university, but at the time he loved his work as a journalist
15.
Terence Rattigan
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Sir Terence Mervyn Rattigan, CBE was a British dramatist. He was one of Englands most popular mid twentieth century dramatists and his plays are typically set in an upper-middle-class background. He is known for works as The Winslow Boy, The Browning Version, The Deep Blue Sea and Separate Tables. A troubled homosexual, who saw himself as an outsider, his plays confronted issues of sexual frustration, failed relationships and adultery, Terence Rattigan was born in 1911 in South Kensington, London, United Kingdom, of Irish Protestant extraction. He had a brother, Brian. They were the grandsons of Sir William Henry Rattigan, a notable India-based jurist and his father was Frank Rattigan CMG, a diplomat whose exploits included an affair with Princess Elisabeth of Romania which resulted in her having an abortion. Rattigans birth certificate and his announcement in The Times indicate he was born on 9 June 1911. However, most reference books state that he was born the following day, there is evidence suggesting that the date on the birth certificate is incorrect. He was given no name, but he adopted the middle name Mervyn in early adulthood. Rattigan was educated at Sandroyd School from 1920 to 1925, at the based in Cobham, Surrey. Rattigan played cricket for the Harrow First XI and scored 29 in the Eton–Harrow match in 1929 and he was a member of the Officer Training Corps and organised a mutiny, informing the Daily Express. Even more annoying to his headmaster, Cyril Norwood, was the telegram from the Eton OTC and he then went to Trinity College, Oxford. Success as a playwright came early, with the comedy French Without Tears in 1936, Rattigans determination to write a more serious play produced After the Dance, a satirical social drama about the bright young things and their failure to politically engage. The outbreak of the Second World War scuppered any chances of a long run. During the war, Rattigan served in the Royal Air Force as a gunner, his experiences helped inspire Flare Path. He was a friend of Spike Milligans junior officer, Lieutenant Tony Goldsmith, Rattigan wrote an obituary of his friend and sent it to The Times. A copy of it is in Rommel, Rattigan responded to this critical disfavour with some bitterness. His plays Ross, Man and Boy, In Praise of Love, aunt Edna inspired Joe Orton to create Edna Welthorpe, a mischievous alter ego stirring up controversy about his own plays
16.
Woody Allen
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Heywood Woody Allen is an American actor, writer, director, comedian, playwright, and musician whose career spans more than six decades. He worked as a writer in the 1950s, writing jokes and scripts for television. In the early 1960s, Allen began performing as a stand-up comedian, as a comedian, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. In 2004, Comedy Central ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians and he is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s. Allen often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup, some of the best-known of his over 40 films are Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hannah and Her Sisters. In 2007 he said Stardust Memories, The Purple Rose of Cairo, critic Roger Ebert described Allen as a treasure of the cinema. Allen won four Academy Awards, three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director and he also won nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. His screenplay for Annie Hall was named the funniest screenplay by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the 101 Funniest Screenplays, in 2011, PBS televised the film biography Woody Allen, A Documentary on the American Masters TV series. Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn, New York and he and his sister, Letty, were raised in Midwood, Brooklyn. He is the son of Nettie, a bookkeeper at her familys delicatessen, and Martin Konigsberg and his family was Jewish, his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Austria, and spoke Yiddish, Hebrew, and German. His parents were born and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His childhood was not particularly happy, his parents did not get along, Allen spoke German quite a bit in his early years. He would later joke that when he was young he was sent to inter-faith summer camps. While attending Hebrew school for eight years, he went to Public School 99 and to Midwood High School, at that time, he lived in an apartment at 968 East 14th Street. Unlike his comic persona, he was interested in baseball than school. He impressed students with his talent at card and magic tricks. To raise money, he wrote jokes for agent David O. Alber, at the age of 17, he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen and later began to call himself Woody Allen. According to Allen, his first published joke read, Woody Allen says he ate at a restaurant that had O. P. S and he was then earning more than both parents combined
17.
The Hospital
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The Hospital is a 1971 satirical film by Paddy Chayefsky, directed by Arthur Hiller. It stars George C. Scott as Dr. Herbert Bock, the Hospital was written by Paddy Chayefsky, who was awarded the 1972 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Chayefsky also narrates the film and was one of the producers, he had control over the casting. The hospital is dealing with the deaths of two doctors and a nurse. These are attributed to coincidental or unavoidable failures to provide accurate treatment, at the same time, administrators must deal with a protest against the hospitals annexation of an adjacent and decrepit apartment building. As Dr. Bock complains of impotence and has thoughts of suicide, he falls for Barbara Drummond and this temporarily gives Dr. Bock something to live for after Barbara confronts him. The deaths are discovered to have been initiated by Barbaras father, Drummonds victims would have been saved if theyd received prompt, appropriate treatment—but they didnt. Dr. Bock and Barbara use a final, accidental death of a doctor at the hospital to cover Drummonds tracks, Barbara then takes her father back to JFK airport to escape back to Mexico, leaving Dr. Bock at his insistence to try and organize the chaotic hospital. Doctor It was filmed at Metropolitan Hospital Center in New York, the film earned $9 million in North American rentals. When the film was released, film critic Roger Ebert lauded the film, writing and it has been criticized for switching tone in midstream, but maybe its only heading for deeper, swifter waters. Chayevskys bizarre and unexpected ending suggests that men - even madmen - can still use institutions for their own private purpose, the film has a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 7. 8/10. The film won the Oscar, the Golden Globe, the WGA, despite having rejected the Oscar the previous year for his work in Patton, Scott was nominated for Best Actor, but the award went instead to Gene Hackman for The French Connection. At the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival in 1972, the won the Silver Bear Extraordinary Jury Prize. In 1995, The Hospital was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being deemed culturally, historically, list of American films of 1971 The Hospital at the Internet Movie Database The Hospital at the TCM Movie Database The Hospital at Rotten Tomatoes
18.
Network (1976 film)
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Network is a 1976 American satirical film written by Paddy Chayefsky and directed by Sidney Lumet, about a fictional television network, UBS, and its struggle with poor ratings. The film stars Faye Dunaway, William Holden, Peter Finch, and Robert Duvall and features Wesley Addy, Ned Beatty, the film won four Academy Awards, in the categories of Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Original Screenplay. In 2000, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. In 2002, it was inducted into the Producers Guild of America Hall of Fame as a film that has set a standard for U. S. In 2005, the two Writers Guilds of America voted Chayefskys script one of the 10 greatest screenplays in the history of cinema. In 2007, the film was 64th among the 100 greatest American films as chosen by the American Film Institute, the two get drunk and lament the state of their industry. The following night, Beale announces on television that he will commit suicide on next Tuesdays broadcast. UBS fires him after this incident, but Schumacher intervenes so that Beale can have a dignified farewell, Beale promises he will apologize for his outburst, but once on the air, he launches back into a rant claiming that life is bullshit. Beales outburst causes the newscasts ratings to spike, and much to Schumachers dismay, in one impassioned diatribe, Beale galvanizes the nation, persuading his viewers to shout out of their windows Im as mad as hell, and Im not going to take this anymore. When Beales ratings seem to have topped out, Christensen approaches Schumacher and he says no to the professional offer, but not to the personal one, and the two begin an affair. When Schumacher decides to end Beale as the angry man format, Christensen convinces her boss, Frank Hackett, Hackett agrees, bullying the UBS executives to consent and fire Schumacher. Soon afterward, Beale is hosting a new program called The Howard Beale Show and you are television incarnate, Diana, he tells her, indifferent to suffering, insensitive to joy. All of life is reduced to the rubble of banality. This throws the top brass into a state of panic because the companys debt load has made the merger essential for its survival. Jensen persuades Beale to abandon the populist messages and preach his new evangel, however, television audiences find his new sermons on the dehumanization of society depressing, and ratings begin to slide, yet Jensen will not allow UBS executives to fire Beale. The assassination succeeds, putting an end to The Howard Beale Show, cast notes Kathy Cronkite appears as kidnapped heiress Mary Ann Gifford. Lance Henriksen has an uncredited role as a network lawyer at the meetings in Diana Christensens Los Angeles office. Ken Kercheval makes an appearance as a lawyer in the negotiation scene, part of the inspiration for Chayefskys script allegedly came from the on-air suicide of television news reporter Christine Chubbuck in Sarasota, Florida two years earlier
19.
Ben Affleck
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Benjamin Geza Ben Affleck-Boldt is an American actor and filmmaker. He began his career as a actor, starring in the PBS educational series The Voyage of the Mimi. He later appeared in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused and various Kevin Smith films including Chasing Amy, Affleck gained recognition when he and childhood friend Matt Damon won the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Good Will Hunting. He then starred in films including Armageddon, Shakespeare in Love, Pearl Harbor, Changing Lanes. After a career downturn, during which he appeared in Daredevil and Gigli, Afflecks directorial debut, Gone Baby Gone, which he also co-wrote, was well received. He then directed, co-wrote, and starred in the crime drama The Town. For the political thriller Argo, which he directed and starred in, Affleck won the Golden Globe and BAFTA Award for Best Director, and the Golden Globe, BAFTA, in 2014, he starred in the psychological thriller Gone Girl. In 2016, Affleck began playing Batman in the DC Extended Universe, Affleck is the co-founder of the Eastern Congo Initiative, a grantmaking and advocacy-based nonprofit organization. He is also a member of the Democratic Party. His younger brother is actor Casey Affleck, with whom he has worked on films including Good Will Hunting. Following high-profile relationships with Gwyneth Paltrow and Jennifer Lopez, Affleck married Jennifer Garner in 2005, Affleck and Garner have three children together, and announced their separation in 2015. Benjamin Geza Affleck-Boldt was born on August 15,1972 in Berkeley and his family moved to Massachusetts when he was two, living in Falmouth, where his brother Casey was born, before settling in Cambridge. His mother, Christopher Anne Chris, was a Radcliffe College- and his father, Timothy Byers Affleck, worked sporadically as an auto mechanic, a carpenter, a bookie, an electrician, a bartender, and a janitor at Harvard University. In the mid-1960s, he had been an actor and stage manager with the Theater Company of Boston, during Afflecks childhood, his father had a self-described severe, chronic problem with alcoholism and Affleck has recalled him drinking all day, every day. His parents divorced when he was 12, and he and his brother lived with their mother. In the following years, his fathers alcoholism worsened and he spent two years homeless, when Affleck was 16, his father moved to Indio, California to enter a rehabilitation facility and, after gaining sobriety, worked as an addiction counselor at the facility for many years. Affleck was raised in an active, liberal household. He and his brother were surrounded by people who worked in the arts, were taken to the theater by their mother
20.
Good Will Hunting
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Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film, directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend and himself, facing the significant task of confronting his past, the film received positive reviews and was a financial success. It grossed over US$225 million during its run with only a modest $10 million budget. It was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture, after Williams death in 2014, it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters 100 Favorite Films list. When Professor Gerald Lambeau posts a difficult problem as a challenge for his graduate students, Will solves the problem anonymously. As a challenge to the genius, Lambeau posts an even more difficult problem. Will solves the problem, but then flees the scene when Lambeau catches him, at the bar, Will meets Skylar, a British student about to graduate from Harvard, who plans on attending medical school at Stanford. The next day, as Will and his friends fight a gang at the court, police arrive. Lambeau visits his court appearance and notices Wills intellect in defending himself and he arranges for him to forgo jail time if he agrees to study mathematics under Lambeaus supervision and participate in therapy sessions. Will tentatively agrees, but treats his first few therapists with mockery, in desperation, Lambeau calls on Dr. Sean Maguire, his estranged college roommate, who now teaches psychology at Bunker Hill Community College. Unlike other therapists, Sean actually challenges Wills defense mechanisms, and after a few unproductive sessions, Will begins to open up. Will is particularly struck by Seans story of how he met his wife by giving up his ticket to the game six of the 1975 World Series. Sean neither regrets his decision, nor does he regret the final years of his marriage and this encourages Will to build a relationship with Skylar, though he lies to her about his past and is reluctant to introduce her to his friends or show her his rundown neighborhood. Will also challenges Sean to take a look at his own life. Skylar asks Will to move to California with her, but he refuses and tells her he is an orphan, will breaks up with Skylar and later storms out on Lambeau, dismissing the mathematical research he has been doing. Sean points out that Will is so adept at anticipating future failure in his relationships that he deliberately sabotages them in order to avoid emotional pain. Chuckie tells Will that he disapproves of Will laying bricks for a living like the rest of his friends, will walks in on a heated argument between Sean and Lambeau over his potential. Sean and Will share and find out that they were victims of child abuse
21.
Matt Damon
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Matthew Paige Damon is an American actor, film producer, and screenwriter. He is ranked among Forbes magazines most bankable stars and is one of the actors of all time. Born and raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Damon began his career by appearing in high school theater productions. Damon is also known for his roles as Jason Bourne in the Bourne franchise. The latter also won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, Damon has received Emmy Award nominations for his portrayal of Scott Thorson in the biopic Behind the Candelabra and for producing the reality series Project Greenlight. He also received an Oscar nomination for producing Manchester by the Sea, in addition to acting in films, Damon has performed voice-over work in both animated and documentary films and has established two production companies with Affleck. He has been involved in charitable work, including the ONE Campaign, H2O Africa Foundation, Feeding America. Damon is married to Luciana Bozán Barroso, and they have three daughters together, Damon was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the second son of Kent Telfer Damon, a stockbroker, and Nancy Carlsson-Paige, an early childhood education professor at Lesley University. His father has English and Scottish ancestry, and his mother is of five-eighths Finnish, Damon and his family moved to Newton for two years. His parents divorced when he was two old, and Damon and his brother returned with their mother to Cambridge, where they lived in a six-family communal house. His brother Kyle is now a sculptor and artist. As a lonely teenager, Damon has said that he felt that he did not belong, due to his mothers by the book approach to child-rearing, he had a hard time defining a self identity. He attended Cambridge Alternative School and then Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, Damon performed as an actor in several high school theater productions. He credited his drama teacher, Gerry Speca, as an important artistic influence, though Ben Affleck, his friend and schoolmate, got the biggest roles. While at Harvard, he wrote a treatment of the screenplay for Good Will Hunting as an exercise for an English class. Damon was a member of the Delphic Club, one of the Universitys select Final Clubs, in 2013, he was awarded the Harvard Arts Medal. Damon received an Academy Award for the screenplay of Good Will Hunting in 1998, which was handed to him by Harvard alumnus Jack Lemmon, Damon entered Harvard in 1988, where he appeared in student theater plays, such as Burn This and A. Later, he made his debut at the age of 18
22.
Albert Lamorisse
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Lamorisse was born in Paris, France. Lamorisses best known work is the short film The Red Balloon, which earned him the Palme dOr Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, and an Oscar for writing the best original screenplay in 1956. Lamorisse also wrote, directed and produced the well-regarded films Stowaway in the Sky and Circus Angel, as well as the documentaries Versailles, in addition to films, he created the popular strategy board game Risk in 1957. In the mid-sixties Lamorisse shot parts of The Prospect of Iceland, a documentary about Iceland, Lamorisse died in a helicopter crash while filming the documentary Le Vent des amoureux, during a helicopter-tour of Iran in 1970. The helicopter was left where it crashed as a memorial to the filmmaker and his son and widow completed the film, based on his production notes, and released the film eight years later. It was nominated for a posthumous Oscar for best documentary, the title The Lovers Wind is translated into Saba Wind in Persian. A saba wind is a wind that blows from the northeast. Lamorisse and his wife had three children, a son named Pascal and two daughters named Sabine and Fanny, Pascal and Sabine were featured in The Red Balloon. White Mane and Wild Stallion Le Ballon rouge, the Red Balloon Feature films Le Voyage en ballon. Stowaway in the Sky Fifi la plume, Circus Angel Le Vent des amoureux Documentaries Djerba Versailles Paris jamais vu Le Vent des amoureux. The Lovers Wind Wins Cannes Film Festival, Palme dOr, White Mane, Best Short Film, Prix Jean Vigo, Prix Jean Vigo, White Mane, Short Film, Albert Lamorisse,1953. Prix Louis Delluc, Prix Louis Delluc, The Red Balloon, Cannes Film Festival, Palme dOr du court métrage/Golden Palm, The Red Balloon, Best Short Film, Albert Lamorisse,1956. Academy Awards, Oscar, The Red Balloon, Best Writing, Best Original Screenplay, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, BAFTA Award, The Red Balloon, Special Award, France,1957. Venice Film Festival, OCIC Award, Le Voyage en ballon,1960, Cannes Film Festival, Technical Grand Prize, Fifi la plume,1965. Cannes Film Festival, Technical Grand Prize – Special Mention, Versailles,1967, national Board of Review, Top Foreign Films, The Red Balloon,1957. Nominations British Academy of Film and Television Arts, BAFTA Film Award, White Mane, Best Documentary Film, venice Film Festival, Golden Lion, Le Voyage en ballon,1960. Cannes Film Festival, Golden Palm, Fifi la plume,1965, Cannes Film Festival, Golden Palm, Best Short Film, Versailles,1967. Academy Awards, Oscar, Best Documentary, Features, Le Vent des amoureux,1979, Albert Lamorisse at the Internet Movie Database Albert Lamorisse at Google Books Albert Lamorisse at Cinema Encyclopedie
23.
Pietro Germi
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Pietro Germi was an Italian actor, screenwriter, and director. Germi was born in Genoa, Liguria, to a lower-middle-class family and he was a messenger and briefly attended nautical school before deciding on a career in acting. He studied acting and directing at Romes Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, during his time in school, Germi supported himself by working as an extra, bit actor, assistant director, and, on occasion, writer. Germi made his debut in 1945 with the film Il testimone. His early work, this included, were very much in the Italian Neorealist style. Through the years, Germi shifted away from social drama towards satirical comedies, in the 1960s, Germi received worldwide success with the films Divorce, Italian Style, Seduced and Abandoned, and The Birds, the Bees and the Italians. He was nominated for Academy Awards in both directing and writing for Divorce, Italian Style, and, subsequently, won in the writing category and he also won the Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival for The Birds, the Bees. His 1968 film Serafino won the Golden Prize at the 6th Moscow International Film Festival, Germi collaborated on the scripts for all the films he directed and appeared as an actor in a few of them. He died in Rome of hepatitis on 5 December 1974
24.
Claude Lelouch
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Claude Barruck Joseph Lelouch is a French film director, writer, cinematographer, actor and producer. Lelouch was born in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, the son of Charlotte and his father was born to an Algerian Jewish family and his mother was a convert to Judaism. His father gave him a camera to him a fresh start after his failure in the baccalaureat. He started his career with reportage – one of the first to film life in the Soviet Union. He also filmed sporting events like the 24 Hours of Le Mans and his first full-length film as director, Le Propre de lhomme, was decried by the critics – Claude Lelouch, remember this name well, because you will not hear it again – Cahiers du cinéma said. La femme spectacle, following prostitutes, women shopping, going for nose-jobs, was censored for its misogynist tendency, a Man and a Woman changed his fortunes and was met with favour even by the Cahiers group. The 1981 musical epic Les Uns et les Autres is widely considered as his masterpiece and his 1976 film, Cétait un rendez-vous, purportedly features a Ferrari 275 GTB being driven at extreme speed through the streets of Paris at dawn. The entire short is shot from the point of view of the car, legend has it that Lelouch was arrested after it was first shown publicly. In a 2006 interview, Lelouch stated that he drove his own Mercedes-Benz 450SEL6.9 in the film and he has collaborated more than two dozen times with composer Francis Lai. They scored a hit with the piece chabadabada for the film A Man and a Woman sung by Nicole Croisille and Pierre Barouh. He is the father of 7 children, in 1993 he was the President of the Jury at the 18th Moscow International Film Festival. 2016, Commander in the Order of the Crown, lelouchs A Man and a Woman won the Palme dOr at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival, as well as two Oscars including Best Foreign Language Film. His 1967 film, Vivre pour vivre, was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar, in 1971, he won the David di Donatello for Best Foreign Directing for Le Voyou. Media related to Claude Lelouch at Wikimedia Commons Claude Lelouch at the Internet Movie Database
25.
The Red Balloon
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The Red Balloon is a 1956 French fantasy comedy-drama featurette written, produced, and directed by Albert Lamorisse. The thirty-five-minute short, which follows the adventures of a boy who one day finds a sentient, mute. Lamorisse used his children as actors in the film and his son, Pascal, plays himself in the main role, and his daughter, Sabine, portrays a little girl. The film won awards, including an Oscar for Lamorisse for writing the best original screenplay in 1956. It also became popular with children and educators and it is the only short film to win the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and to receive a nomination for anything besides Best Live Action Short Film. The film, which has a score but almost no dialogue, tells of Pascal. As Pascal plays with his new toy, he realizes it has a mind. It begins to follow him wherever he goes, and not rise, at times floating outside his bedroom window, the balloon follows Pascal through the streets of Paris, and they draw inquisitive looks from adults and the envy of other children as they wander the streets. At one point it enters his classroom, causing an uproar from his classmates, the noise alerts the principal, who becomes angry with him and locks him up in his office until school is over. At another, he and the encounter a little girl with a blue one that also seems to have a mind of its own too. One Sunday, the balloon is told to stay home, while Pascal, however, the balloon follows them, through the open window, into the church, Pascal and his grandmother are led out by a scolding beadle. The film ends as all the balloons in Paris come to Pascals aid. Part of the site was built up with housing projects, the remainder was left as wasteland for 20 years, the empty lot where all the battles took place. Instead stands the Parc de Belleville, the film premiered and opened nationwide in France on 19 October 1956, it was released in the United Kingdom on 23 December 1956, and in the United States on 11 March 1957. The film, in its American television premiere, was introduced by then-actor Ronald Reagan as an episode of the CBS anthology series General Electric Theater on 2 April 1961. Throughout the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s, the film was popular in elementary classrooms throughout the United States, a four-minute clip is on the rotating list of programming on Classic Arts Showcase. Since its first release in 1956, the film has received overwhelmingly favorable reviews from critics. See The Red Balloon is to laugh, and cry, at the joy of being a child again
26.
Muriel Box
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Muriel Box was an Oscar-winning English screenwriter and director. She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth, Surrey, England in 1905, when her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful, she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures. In 1935, she met and married journalist Sydney Box, with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for theatre groups. Their production company, Verity Films, first released short films, including The English Inn, her first directing effort. The couple achieved their greatest joint success with The Seventh Veil for which gained the Academy Award for Best Writing. She occasionally assisted as a director, or re-shot scenes during post-production. Her extensive work on The Lost People gained her a credit as co-director, in 1951, her husband created London Independent Producers, allowing Box more opportunities to direct. Many of her films were adaptations of plays, and as such had a stage-bound feel. They were noteworthy more for their strong performances than they were for a distinctive directorial style, Box often experienced prejudice in a male-dominated industry, especially hurtful when perpetrated by another female. In 1950, Jean Simmons had her replaced on So Long at the Fair and she left film-making to write novels and created a successful publishing house, Femina, which proved to be a rewarding outlet for her feminism. She divorced Sydney Box in 1969, the following year, she married Gerald Gardiner, who had been Lord Chancellor. She died in Hendon, London in 1991
27.
The Seventh Veil
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The Seventh Veil is a 1945 British melodrama film made by Ortus Films and released through General Film Distributors in the UK and Universal Pictures in the United States. It is about a woman who attempts suicide to escape a mans cruelties, Francesca Cunningham is a suicidal mental patient under the care of Dr. Larsen. Under hypnosis, Larsen leads her to describe her life events that brought her to attempt suicide, the film largely consists of a series of flashbacks in which Francesca talks about her life, removing successive veils to recover memories. Only her second cousin and guardian, Nicholas, a musician, is interested in her. Nicholas, though, is a man, faintly jealous of her talent and misogynistic. However, he is a brilliant music teacher who encourages Francesca to excel, at the Royal College of Music, Peter, an American studying in London, becomes romantically interested in Francesca. She completes her education and begins her career on the continent. Nicholas and Francesca return to Britain when she is invited to perform at the Royal Albert Hall, an artist, Maxwell Leyden, is invited by Nicholas to paint her portrait, they soon fall in love and agree to live together. Still apparently her guardian, Nicholas becomes angry at the news and she flees from him, but, while with Max, is involved in a serious car accident and suffers burns to her hands. Francesca becomes convinced she will never play again, after therapy — and now cured, according to Dr Larsen — Francesca realizes that Nicholas is her real love rather than Peter or Max. The film score was written by Benjamin Frankel with original works by Chopin, Mozart. Eileen Joyce, whose name does not appear in the credits, was the pianist who substituted for Todd on the soundtrack and she also made a short film for Todd to practise to, and even coached Todd personally in her arm movements. It is Joyces hands that are seen in all the close-ups, filmed on a relatively low budget of under £100,000, the film was the biggest British box-office success of its year. The film was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival and won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1946, the film has the 10th top audience of all films,17.9 million, placing it above most modern box-office successes. The movie also earned over $1 million in rentals in North America, by July 1953, it had earned a reported £253,000 in the UK. In 1951, Ann Todd, Herbert Lom and Leo Genn appeared in an adaptation in London. In 2004, the British Film Institute compiled a list of the 100 biggest UK cinematic hits of all time based on audience figures, the Seventh Veil placed 10th in this list with an estimated attendance of 17.9 million people. Ray Milland and Ann Todd starred in the adaptation, the Seventh Veil was presented on Philip Morris Playhouse 3 February 1952
28.
Peter Jackson
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Sir Peter Robert Jackson ONZ KNZM is a New Zealand film director, screenwriter and film producer. He is best known as the director, writer, and producer of The Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Hobbit trilogy and he also produced District 9, The Adventures of Tintin, The Secret of the Unicorn, and the documentary West of Memphis. Jackson began his career with the horror comedy Bad Taste. He shared a nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay with his partner Fran Walsh for Heavenly Creatures, Jackson has been awarded three Academy Awards in his career, including the award for Best Director in 2003. He has also received a Golden Globe, four Saturn Awards and his production company is Wingnut Films, and his most regular collaborators are co-writers and producers Walsh and Philippa Boyens. Jackson was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2002 and he was later knighted by Anand Satyanand, the Governor-General of New Zealand, at a ceremony in Wellington in April 2010. In December 2014, Jackson was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Jackson was born on 31 October 1961 in Wellington and was raised at the nearby coastal town of Pukerua Bay. His parents—Joan, a worker and housewife, and William Bill Jackson. Bill Jackson was a veteran of the Siege of Malta in World War II, as a child, Jackson was a keen film fan, growing up on Ray Harryhausen films, as well as finding inspiration in the television series Thunderbirds and Monty Pythons Flying Circus. After a family gave the Jacksons a Super 8 cine-camera with Peter in mind. Jackson has long cited King Kong as his film. Most notable though was a 20-minute short called The Valley, which won him a prize because of the shots he used. In school, Jackson expressed no interest in sports and his classmates also remember him wearing a duffle coat with an obsession verging on religious. He had no training in film-making, but learned about editing, special effects and make-up largely through his own trial. As a young adult, Jackson discovered the work of author J. R. R. Tolkien after watching The Lord of the Rings, when he was 16 years old, Jackson left school and began working full-time as a photo-engraver for a Wellington newspaper, The Evening Post. For the seven years he worked there, Jackson lived at home with his parents so he could save as much money as possible to spend on film equipment. After two years of work Jackson bought a 16 mm camera, and began shooting a film later became Bad Taste. Jackson has long cited several films as influences and it is well known that Jackson has a passion for King Kong, often citing it as his favourite film and as the film that inspired him early in his life
29.
Robert Lopez
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Robert Lopez is an American songwriter of musicals, best known for co-creating The Book of Mormon and Avenue Q, and for composing the songs featured in the Disney animated film Frozen. He is the youngest of twelve people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony Award. Robert Lopez was born in Manhattan to Frank and Katherine Lopez and he is partly of Filipino descent through his father, Frank, his paternal grandfather was Filipino and his paternal grandmother was Filipino and Scottish-American. His father eventually became director of publications for NYU Langone Medical Center, Lopez spent much of his childhood in Greenwich Village, except for one year in Massachusetts while his father was working for Clark University. Upon their return to New York City when he was six years old, it was a fluke that he started lessons at Greenwich House Music School. The apartment they were subletting at the time happened to have a piano, his mother asked if he was interested in taking lessons, at age seven, his parents bought a piano for him, he saw his first Broadway show, and he wrote his first song. At age 11, he wrote his first opening number, at around age 12, he briefly drifted away from the piano and tried playing the saxophone, as well as taking courses in musical composition at other music schools. Lopez went on to Hunter College High School and then to Yale University, while at Yale, he wrote three plays, was a member of the Yale Spizzwinks a cappella group, and was influenced by professors such as Vincent Scully, John Hollander, and Harold Bloom. During this period, he took jobs at companies like Pfizer and worked as a weekend receptionist for his old music school. In 1998, while participating in the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop, he met aspiring songwriter. The story was considered for the next Muppet film by Chris Curtin in 2004, highlights from the unproduced musical were performed by Rick Lyon, Rebecca Jones, and Susan Blackwell at the BMI Workshop. The show, for which Lopez also provided the animated segments, was his first professional experience, the Original Cast Recording was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2004. The Book of Mormon premiered on Broadway at the Eugene ONeill Theatre on March 24,2011, following previews from February 24. The show received numerous accolades, including the 2011 Tony for Best Musical. The productions original cast recording also earned Lopez the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album, in January 2007, a musical adaptation of the Disney/Pixar film Finding Nemo, which Lopez co-wrote with his wife, Kristen Anderson-Lopez, opened at Disneys Animal Kingdom theme park. On January 18,2007, Lopez and Marx again collaborated to write four of the songs for the hit TV show Scrubs on the shows 123rd episode titled My Musical, TV Guide named the episode one of the best 100 TV show episodes of all time in 2009. Lopez, along with Jeff Marx, was recognized with an Emmy nomination for the song Everything Comes Down to Poo from the above-mentioned episode, stephanie DAbruzzo, who originated the roles of Kate Monster and Lucy the Slut in Avenue Q, guest-starred in the episode. In 2011, Lopez again worked with Matt Stone and Trey Parker on the South Park episode Broadway Bro Down
30.
Coen brothers
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Joel David Coen and Ethan Jesse Coen, collectively referred to as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody and their best-reviewed works include Fargo, The Big Lebowski, No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, True Grit, and Inside Llewyn Davis. The brothers write, direct, and produce their films jointly, although until The Ladykillers, Joel received sole credit for directing and they often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing film credits for editor under the alias Roderick Jaynes. The duo also won the Palme dOr for Barton Fink, and were nominated for Fargo, the Coen brothers have written a number of films that neither of the two directed. Ethan is also a writer of stories, theater. Their films No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man, Joel and Ethan Coen were born and raised in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Their mother, Rena, was an art historian at St. Cloud State University, when they were children, Joel saved money from mowing lawns to buy a Vivitar Super 8 camera. Together, the brothers remade movies they saw on television, with a kid, Mark Zimering. Their first attempt was a romp entitled Henry Kissinger, Man on the Go, cornel Wildes The Naked Prey became their Zeimers in Zambia, which also featured Ethan as a native with a spear. Joel Coen has said, in regards to whether our background influences our film making, theres no doubt that our Jewish heritage affects how we see things. Joel and Ethan graduated from St. Louis Park High School in 1973 and 1976 and they both also graduated from Bard College at Simons Rock in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Joel then spent four years in the film program at New York University. Ethan went on to Princeton University and earned a degree in philosophy in 1979. His senior thesis was a 41-page essay, Two Views of Wittgensteins Later Philosophy, Joel has been married to actress Frances McDormand since 1984. They adopted a son from Paraguay, named Pedro McDormand Coen and she also did a voice-over in Barton Fink. Ethan married film editor Tricia Cooke in 1990 and they have two children, daughter Dusty and son Buster Jacob, who goes to Vassar College. Both couples live in New York, after graduating from New York University, Joel worked as a production assistant on a variety of industrial films and music videos. He developed a talent for film editing and met Sam Raimi while assisting Enda Ruth Paul in editing Raimis first feature film, in 1984, the brothers wrote and directed Blood Simple, their first commercial film together
31.
Fargo (film)
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Fargo is a 1996 American black comedy crime thriller film written, produced, edited, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Fargo premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, where Joel Coen won the festivals Prix de la mise en scène, a critical and commercial success, Fargo received seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. McDormand received the Best Actress Oscar, and the Coens won in the Best Original Screenplay category, the American Film Institute named it one of the 100 greatest American movies of all time in 1998. A Coen-produced FX television series of the name, inspired by Fargo and taking place in the same universe. In the winter of 1987, Jerry Lundegaard, the manager at a Minneapolis Oldsmobile dealership, is desperate for money. He floated a $320,000 GMAC loan and collateralized it with nonexistent dealership vehicles, dealership mechanic and paroled ex-convict Shep Proudfoot refers Jerry to Gaear Grimsrud. Jerry pitches Gustafson a lucrative real estate deal, and he agrees to front $750,000, Jerry considers calling off the kidnapping, then learns that Gustafson plans to make the deal himself, giving Jerry a finders fee. At Jerrys home, Carl and Gaear carry out the kidnapping, as they transport Jean to their remote cabin on Moose Lake, a state trooper pulls them over outside Brainerd for driving without temporary tags. When the trooper hears a sound from the seat, Gaear kills him. The following morning, Brainerd police chief Marge Gunderson discovers that the trooper was ticketing a car with dealership plates. Later, two men driving a dealership vehicle checked into the nearby Blue Ox Motel with two girls, then placed a call to Proudfoot. After questioning the prostitutes, she drives to Gustafsons dealership, where Proudfoot feigns ignorance, while in Minneapolis, Marge reconnects with Mike Yanagita, an old classmate who tells her that his wife, another classmate, has died, and makes an awkward pass at her. Jerry informs Gustafson that the kidnappers have demanded $1 million, meanwhile, Carl, in light of the complication of three murders, demands that Jerry hand over the entire $80,000. GMAC gives Jerry 24 hours to prove the existence of the vehicles or return the loan, Carl is attacked and beaten by a furious Proudfoot for involving him in the murder investigation. Carl orders Jerry to deliver the ransom immediately, Gustafson insists on making the money drop himself. At the prearranged drop point in a Minneapolis parking garage, he tells Carl he will not hand over the money without seeing Jean, an enraged Carl shoots and kills Gustafson. After fleeing the scene, Carl is astounded to discover that the briefcase contains $1 million and he removes $80,000 to split with Gaear, then buries the rest alongside the highway. At the cabin, Gaear has killed Jean, Carl says they must split up and leave the state immediately, Marge learns that Yanagitas dead wife is not dead, nor his wife
32.
Francis Ford Coppola
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Francis Ford Coppola, also credited as Francis Coppola, is a semi-retired American film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered to have been a figure of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking. After directing The Rain People, he co-wrote the 1970 film Patton and he followed with The Godfather Part II in 1974, which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Conversation, which he directed, produced and wrote, was released same year. He next directed 1979s Apocalypse Now, while notorious for its lengthy and strenuous production, the film was widely acclaimed for its vivid and stark depiction of the Vietnam War, winning the Palme dOr at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. Coppola is one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme dOr awards, while a number of Coppolas ventures in the 1980s and 1990s were critically lauded, he has never quite achieved the same commercial success with films as in the 1970s. His most well-known films released since the start of the 1980s are the dramas The Outsiders and Rumble Fish, the crime-drama The Cotton Club, and his movies The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and Apocalypse Now are often ranked among the greatest films of all time. Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, to father Carmine Coppola, a flautist with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Coppola is the second of three children, his older brother was August Coppola, his younger sister is actress Talia Shire. Born into a family of Italian immigrant ancestry, his grandparents came to the United States from Bernalda. His maternal grandfather, popular Italian composer Francesco Pennino, immigrated from Naples, Coppola received his middle name in honor of Henry Ford, not only because he was born in the Henry Ford Hospital but also because of his musician-fathers association with the automobile manufacturer. Contracting polio as a boy, Coppola was bedridden for periods of his childhood. Reading A Streetcar Named Desire at age 15 was instrumental in developing his interest in theater, eager to be involved in film-craft, he created 8mm features edited from home movies with such titles as The Rich Millionaire and The Lost Wallet. As a child, Coppola was a student, but he was so interested in technology. Trained initially for a career in music, he became proficient on the tuba, overall, Coppola attended 23 other schools before he eventually graduated from the Great Neck North High School. He entered Hofstra College in 1955 with a major in theater arts, there he was awarded a scholarship in playwriting. This furthered his interest in directing theater despite the disapproval of his father, Coppola was profoundly impressed after seeing Sergei Eisensteins October, Ten Days That Shook the World, especially with the movies quality of editing. It was at this time Coppola decided he would go into cinema rather than theater, Coppola also gives credit to the work of Elia Kazan and for its influence on him as a director. Amongst Coppolas classmates at Hofstra were James Caan, Lainie Kazan and he later cast Lainie Kazan in One from the Heart and Caan in The Rain People and The Godfather
33.
Patton (film)
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Patton is a 1970 American epic biographical war film about U. S. General George S. Patton during World War II, Scott, Karl Malden, Michael Bates and Karl Michael Vogler. The film was shot in 65 mm Dimension 150 by cinematographer Fred J. Koenekamp and has a score by Jerry Goldsmith. Patton won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay, Scott won Best Actor for his portrayal of General Patton, but declined to accept the award. The opening monologue, delivered by George C. Scott as General Patton with an enormous American flag behind him, remains an iconic, the Academy Film Archive preserved Patton in 2003. General George S. Patton addresses an audience of American troops. Following the humiliating American defeat at the Battle of the Kasserine Pass in 1943, upon his arrival, he enforces discipline amongst his troops, e. g. fining a cook $20 for not wearing his army issue leggings. Patton is then summoned to a meeting with Air Marshal Coningham of the Royal Air Force, Coningham promises Patton that he will see no more German aircraft – but seconds later the compound is strafed by Luftwaffe planes. Patton then defeats a German attack at the Battle of El Guettar, his aide Captain Jenson is killed in the battle, after success in the North Africa campaign, Patton and Bernard Montgomery separately come up with plans for the Allied invasion of Sicily. Patton insists that his feud with Montgomery is due to the determination to be the war-hero. However, Pattons aggression does not sit well with his subordinates Bradley, whilst on a visit to a Field Hospital where many American soldiers lie wounded or dead, Patton notices a soldier, shell-shocked and crying. Calling him a coward, Patton slaps the soldier and even threatens to shoot him, before demanding his immediate return to the frontline. Because of this, Patton is relieved of command and by order of Eisenhower, forced to apologize to the soldier, to present in the Field Hospital. Because of this, and for being too liberal to the press, instead, he is placed in command of the phantom First United States Army Group in southeast England as a decoy. German General Alfred Jodl is convinced that Patton will lead the invasion of Europe, later, during the Battle of the Bulge, Patton relieves the town of Bastogne and then smashes through the Siegfried Line and into Germany. At a war-drive in Knutsford, England, General Patton had remarked that the United States, after Germany capitulates, Patton directly insults a Russian general at a post-war dinner, fortunately, the Russian insults Patton back, defusing the situation. Patton then makes an offhand remark comparing the Nazi Party to the parties in the US. is fleeting. Attempts to make a film about the life of Patton had been ongoing for fifteen years
34.
Sofia Coppola
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Sofia Carmina Coppola is an American screenwriter, director, producer and actress. In 2003, she received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the comedy-drama Lost in Translation, in 2010, with the drama Somewhere, she became the first American woman to win the Golden Lion, the top prize at the Venice Film Festival. Her father is director, producer and screenwriter Francis Ford Coppola, sofia Coppola was born in New York City, New York, the youngest child and only daughter of set decorator/artist Eleanor Coppola and director Francis Ford Coppola. Her father is of Italian descent, at fifteen, she interned with Chanel. Coppola is a 1989 graduate of St. Helena High School and she later attended Mills College and the California Institute of the Arts. After dropping out of college, Coppola started a line called Milkfed. Coppolas acting career, marked by frequent criticisms of nepotism, began while she was an infant, the best known of these early roles is her appearance in The Godfather as the infant Michael Francis Rizzi in the baptism scene. Coppola responded to a question about her role in The Godfather Part III in a 2013 interview, I didnt really think about the public aspect of it. People felt very attached to the Godfather films, I grew up with them being no big deal. I mean, I understand theyre great films but and it makes sense that people would have an opinion about it but I got a lot of attention I wasnt expecting. I was going to art school anyway so I was able to get back to what I was doing and it was before the Internet so magazines would come out but then the next month they were gone. There wasnt even as much paparazzi around then and she has since been quoted as saying that she was not hurt by the criticism from her role in The Godfather Part III, because she never especially wanted an acting career. Coppolas first short film was Lick the Star and it played many times on the Independent Film Channel. She made her film directing debut with The Virgin Suicides. It received critical acclaim upon its premiere in North America at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival and was released later that year and her second feature was Lost in Translation. Coppola won the Academy Award for her screenplay and three Golden Globe Awards including Best Picture Musical or Comedy. Her win for best original screenplay in 2003 made her a third-generation Oscar winner, in 2004, Coppola was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Her third film was the biopic Marie Antoinette, adapted from the biography by British historian Antonia Fraser, Kirsten Dunst plays the title character, who marries King Louis XVI, played by Jason Schwartzman, Coppolas cousin
35.
Lost in Translation (film)
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Lost in Translation is a 2003 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Sofia Coppola. It was her feature film after The Virgin Suicides. It stars Bill Murray as aging actor Bob Harris, who befriends college graduate Charlotte in a Tokyo hotel, Murray and Johansson each won a BAFTA award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Leading Role respectively. The film was a success, grossing $119 million on a budget of $4 million. It is now regarded as one of the best films of the 2000s. Bob Harris, an aging American movie star, arrives in Tokyo to film an advertisement for Suntory whisky, Charlotte, a young college graduate, is left in her hotel room by her husband, John, a celebrity photographer on assignment in Tokyo. Charlotte is unsure of her future with John, feeling detached from his lifestyle, Bobs own 25-year marriage is strained as he goes through a midlife crisis. Each day, Bob and Charlotte encounter each other in the hotel, eventually Charlotte invites Bob to meet with some local friends of hers. The two bond through a fun night in Tokyo, welcomed without prejudice by Charlottes friends and experiencing Japanese nightlife, in the days that follow, Bob and Charlottes platonic relationship develops as they spend more time together. One night, each unable to sleep, the two share a conversation about Charlottes personal troubles and Bobs married life. On the penultimate night of his stay, Bob sleeps with the bars female jazz singer. The next morning Charlotte arrives at his room to him for lunch and overhears the woman in his room. Later that night, during an alarm at the hotel, Bob and Charlotte reconcile. The following morning, Bob is set to return to the United States and he tells Charlotte goodbye at the hotel lobby and sadly watches her walk back to the elevator. In a taxi to the airport, Bob sees Charlotte on a street and gets out. He embraces the tearful Charlotte and whispers something in her ear, the two share a kiss, say goodbye and Bob departs. Bob, a Japanese director, and an interpreter are on a set, in several exchanges, the director gives lengthy, impassioned directives in Japanese. These are invariably followed by brief, incomplete translations from the interpreter, in addition to the meaning and detail lost in the translation of the directors words, the two central characters in the film—Bob and Charlotte—are also lost in other ways
36.
Preston Sturges
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Preston Sturges was an American playwright, screenwriter, and film director. In 1941, he won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film The Great McGinty and it is not uncommon for a Sturges character to deliver an exquisitely turned phrase and take an elaborate pratfall within the same scene. A tender love scene between Henry Fonda and Barbara Stanwyck in The Lady Eve was enlivened by a horse, which repeatedly poked its nose into Fondas head. Sturges famously sold the story for The Great McGinty to Paramount Pictures for $1, in return for being allowed to direct the film, Sturges was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Mary Estelle Dempsey and travelling salesman Edmund C. His maternal grandparents, Catherine Campbell Smyth and Dominick dEste Dempsey, were immigrants from Ireland, when Sturges was three years old, his eccentric mother left America to pursue a singing career in Paris, where she annulled her marriage with Prestons father. Returning to America, Dempsey met her husband, the wealthy stockbroker Solomon Sturges. According to biographers, Solomon Sturges was diametrically opposite to Mary and this included her close friendship with Isadora Duncan, as the young Sturges would sometimes travel from country to country with Duncans dance company. Mary also carried on an affair with Aleister Crowley and collaborated with him on his magnum opus Magick. As a young man, Sturges bounced back and forth between Europe and the United States, as Sturges spent much of his childhood and youth in France, he ended up fluent in French and a Francophile who always considered France his second home. In 1916, he worked as a runner for New York stock brokers, the next year, he enlisted in the United States Army Air Service, and graduated as a lieutenant from Camp Dick in Texas without seeing action. While at camp, Sturges wrote an essay, Three Hundred Words of Humor, returning from camp, Sturges picked up a managing position at the Desti Emporium in New York, a store owned by his mothers fourth husband. He spent eight years there, until he married the first of his four wives, in 1928, Sturges performed on Broadway in Hotbed, a short-lived play by Paul Osborn, and Sturges first produced play, The Guinea Pig, opened in Massachusetts. The play was a success and Sturges moved it to Broadway the following year and that same year also saw the opening of Sturges second play, the hit Strictly Dishonorable. Written in just six days, the play ran for sixteen months and earned Sturges over $300,000 and it attracted interest from Hollywood, and Sturges was writing for Paramount by the end of the year. Three other Sturges stage plays were produced from 1930 to 1932, one of them a musical, by the end of the year, he was working more in Hollywood as a writer-for-hire, operating on short contracts, for Universal, MGM, and Columbia studios. He also sold his screenplay for The Power and the Glory to Fox. The film told the story of a self-involved financier via a series of flashbacks and flashforwards, Sturges later recalled, The film made a lot of enemies. Writers at that time worked in teams, like piano movers, and my first solo script was considered a distinct menace to the profession
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