1.
Financial District, New York City
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The neighborhood roughly overlaps with the boundaries of the New Amsterdam settlement in the late 17th century. The Financial District has witnessed growth in its population to approximately 43,000 as of 2014, the Financial District encompasses roughly the area south of City Hall Park in Lower Manhattan but excludes Battery Park and Battery Park City. The former World Trade Center complex was located in the neighborhood until the September 11 attacks, the heart of the Financial District is often considered to be the corner of Wall Street and Broad Street, both of which are contained entirely within the district. Until the late 20th and early 21st century, the neighborhood was considered to be primarily a destination for daytime traders and office workers from around New York City, the Financial District is part of Manhattan Community Board 1, which also includes five other neighborhoods. The Financial District has a number of tourist attractions such as the adjacent South Street Seaport Historic District, the New York City Police Museum, bowling Green is the starting point of traditional ticker-tape parades on Broadway, where here it is also known as the Canyon of Heroes. The Museum of Jewish Heritage and the Skyscraper Museum are both in adjacent Battery Park City which is home to the World Financial Center
2.
King Edward Medical University
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King Edward Medical University is a medical university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Founded in 1860, the university is named after the Edward VII, established by the British Raj, named as Lahore Medical School. In 1868, the University of Dublin granted students of the Lahore Medical School ”privilege similar to the granted to students from English schools”, in 1871, the university added Mayo Hospital as an affiliated hospital, replacing the existing Anarkali Dispensary. The same year the college became an affiliate of University of the Punjab, while in 1887, after Pakistans independence, the university became the only medical college in the country and in 2005 became a charter to award degrees in its own right. It has since gone through expansion, and overseas seven tertiary referral hospitals including the Lady Willingdon Hospital, KEMU has been the top choice of toppers because of its highest merit in Punjab. Students have to get more than 90% in order to get admission that makes KEMU the most competitive public medical college in Punjab, King Edward Medical College was established in 1860 as the Lahore Medical College. The university has the following departments and this centre is created to conduct workshops on trauma, identify and train team of mental health professionals and develop modules for training. The department is being headed by Prof. Aftab Asif, the chief coordinator is Dr Ali Madeeh Hashmi. A technical expert committee has made with prominent psychiatrists and psychologists from Punjab. The centre held its first workshop for First responders team and trained professionals from 1122 rescue service, traffic police, next workshop was carried out on Feb 07,2015. At any time of year the university has over 1300 undergraduate, among the postgraduate doctors,500 are doing residencies under the College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan. The merit for admission is calculated from marks obtained in Higher Secondary School Certificate exam plus the marks obtained in the entry test plus marks obtained in Secondary School Certificate, the percentage of each of these exams contributing to the final merit is different each year. The entry test takes place in September, the graduation time period is five years. After graduation one year internship is done in Mayo Hospital or any Government Hospital, the interns are given rotations in departments based on merit. This merit is made from marks obtained in final professional examination and all the professional examination. Of all the specialties on offer, the Medicine and Surgery ones are the most competitive, after completion of internship the full registration status to a Doctor is awarded by Pakistan Medical and Dental Council. Which means that he/she can practice anywhere in Pakistan only, King Edward Medical University Magazine, KEMCOL, is maintained by the students. No student union is allowed in the university, the previous and current students of KEMU are referred to as Kemcolians
3.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
4.
Singer-songwriter
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Singer-songwriters are musicians who write, compose, and perform their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. The genre began with the folk-acoustic tradition, singer-songwriters often provide the sole accompaniment to an entire composition or song, typically using a guitar or piano. Singer-songwriter is used to define popular music artists who write and perform their own material, such an artist performs the roles of composer, lyricist, vocalist, instrumentalist, and often self-manager. Most records by artists have a similarly straightforward and spare sound that placed emphasis on the song itself. The term has also used to describe songwriters in the rock, folk, and pop music genres including Henry Russell, Aristide Bruant, Hank Williams. Song topics include political protest, as in the case of the Almanac Singers, Pete Seeger, the concept of a singer-songwriter can be traced to ancient bardic oral tradition, which has existed in various forms throughout the world. Poems would be performed as chant or song, sometimes accompanied by a harp or other similar instrument, after the invention of printing, songs would be written and performed by ballad sellers. Usually these would be versions of existing tunes and lyrics, which were constantly evolving and this developed into the singer-songwriting traditions of folk culture. The term singer-songwriter in North America can be traced back to singers who developed works in the blues and folk music style. Early to mid-20th century American singer-songwriters include Lead Belly, Jimmie Rodgers, Blind Lemon Jefferson, T-Bone Walker, Blind Willie McTell, Lightnin Hopkins, Son House, the tradition of writing topical songs was established by this group of musicians. This focus on social issues has greatly influenced the singer-songwriter genre, artists who had been primarily songwriters, notably Carole King, Townes Van Zandt, and Neil Diamond, also began releasing work as performers. In contrast to the approach of most prior country and folk music. The adjectives confessional and sensitive were often used singer-songwriter style, in the rock band era, members were not technically singer-songwriters as solo acts. However, many were singer-songwriters who created songs with band members. Many others like Eric Clapton found success as singer-songwriters in their later careers, there were hints of cross-pollination, but rock and folk music had remained largely separate genres, often with different audiences. An early attempt at fusing elements of folk and rock was highlighted in the Animals House of the Rising Sun, dylan plugged an entire generation into the milieu of the singer-songwriter. In the mid- to late 1960s, bands and singer-songwriters began to proliferate the underground New York art/music scene. Lotti Golden, in her Atlantic debut album Motor-Cycle, chronicled her life in NYCs East Village in the late 60s counterculture, visiting subjects such as gender identity, kate Bush remained distinctive throughout with her idiosyncratic style
5.
Model (person)
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A model is a person with a role either to promote, display, or advertise commercial products or to serve as a visual aide for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography. Modelling is considered to be different from other types of public performance, although the difference between modelling and performing is not always clear, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be modelling. Types of modelling include, fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, body-part, Models are featured in a variety of media formats including, books, magazines, films, newspapers, internet and TV. Fashion models are featured in films, reality TV shows. Celebrities, including actors, singers, sports personalities and reality TV stars, modelling as a profession was first established in 1853 by Charles Frederick Worth, the father of haute couture, when he asked his wife, Marie Vernet Worth, to model the clothes he designed. The term house model was coined to describe this type of work, eventually, this became common practice for Parisian fashion houses. There were no standard physical measurement requirements for a model, with the development of fashion photography, the modelling profession expanded to photo modelling. Models remained fairly anonymous, and relatively poorly paid, until the late 1950s, one of the first well-known models was Lisa Fonssagrives, who was very popular in the 1930s. Fonssagrives appeared on over 200 Vogue covers, and her name recognition led to the importance of Vogue in shaping the careers of fashion models. In 1946, Ford Models was established by Eileen and Gerard Ford in New York, one of the most popular models during the 1940s was Jinx Falkenburg who was paid $25 per hour, a large sum at the time. During the 1940s and 1950s, Wilhelmina Cooper, Jean Patchett, Dovima, Dorian Leigh, Suzy Parker, Evelyn Tripp, Carmen DellOrefice, dorothea Church was among the first black models in the industry to gain notoriety in Paris. However, these models were unknown outside the fashion community, compared to todays models, the models of the 1950s were more voluptuous. Wilhelmina Coopers measurements were 38-24-36 whereas Chanel Imans measurements are 32-23-33, in the 1960s, the modelling world began to establish modelling agencies. Throughout Europe, secretarial services acted as models agents charging them weekly rates for their messages, for the most part, models were responsible for their own billing. In Germany, agents were not allowed to work for a percentage of a persons earnings, with the exception of a few models travelling to Paris or New York, travelling was relatively unheard of for a model. Most models only worked in one market due to different labor laws governing modelling in various countries, in the 1960s, Italy had many fashion houses and fashion magazines but was in dire need of models. Italian agencies would often coerce models to return to Italy without work visas by withholding their pay and they would also pay their models in cash, which models would have to hide from customs agents. It was not uncommon for models staying in such as La Louisiana in Paris or the Arena in Milan to have their hotel rooms raided by the police looking for their work visas
6.
Dentist
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A dentist, also known in the U. S. as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry—the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. The dentists supporting team aids in providing health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, in China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers. They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups, guild of barbers, the first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers. Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries, the second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery. However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery, in Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published. Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance, ambrose Pare was a French barber surgeon who performed dental care for multiple French monarchs. He is often credited with having raised the status of barber surgeons, pierre Fauchard of France is often referred to as the father of modern dentistry for being the first to publish a scientific textbook on the techniques and practices of dentistry. Over time, trained dentists immigrated from Europe to the Americas to practice dentistry, newspapers were used at the time to advertise and promote dental services. In America from 1768-1770 the first application of dentistry to verify forensic cases was being pioneered, with the rise of dentists there was also the rise of new methods to improve the quality of dentistry. These new methods included the spinning wheel to rotate a drill, in the 1840s the worlds first dental school and national dental organization were established. Along with the first dental school came the establishment of the Doctor of Dental Surgery degree, in response to the rise in new dentists as well as dentistry techniques, the first dental practice act was established to regulate dentistry. In the United States, the First Dental Practice Act required dentists to pass each specific states medical board exam in order to practice dentistry in particular state. However, because the act was rarely enforced, some dentists did not obey the act. From 1846-1855 new dental techniques were being invented such as the use of anesthesia for surgery. The American Dental Association was established in 1859 after a meeting with 26 dentists, around 1867, the first university associated dental school was established, Harvard Dental School. Lucy Hobbs Taylor was the first woman to earn a dental degree, in the 1880s, tube toothpaste was created which replaced the original forms of powder or liquid toothpaste. New dental boards, such as the National Association of Dental Examiners, were created to establish standards, in 1887 the first dental laboratory was established, dental laborites are used to create dentures and crowns that are specific to each patient
7.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
8.
Tips Industries Limited
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Tips Industries is one of the largest corporate houses in the field of music and films. Its main area of interest is music production, promotion and distribution and it has the highest number of gold and platinum discs to their credit in comparison with any other record label in India. Its team of distributors serve more than 1000 wholesalers across the length and breadth of the country who, in turn, Tips Industries was established in the year 1975 as small shop in the market of Lamington Road. In 1975, the Taurani brothers traded in LPs for three of the biggest companies in India – HMV, Music India & CBS, in 1990, Tips Industries set up its first manufacturing facility at Palghar, Thane. This list contains the films that have produced by Tips Industries Limited owners Kumar Taurani
9.
Shah Rukh Khan
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Shah Rukh Khan, also known as SRK, is an Indian film actor, producer and television personality. Referred to in the media as the Baadshah of Bollywood, King of Bollywood or King Khan, he has appeared in more than 80 Bollywood films, Khan has a significant following in Asia and the Indian diaspora worldwide. In terms of size and income, he has been described as one of the most successful film stars in the world. Khan began his career appearances in several television series in the late 1980s. He made his Bollywood debut in 1992 with Deewana, early in his career, Khan was recognised for portraying villainous roles in the films Darr, Baazigar and Anjaam. He then rose to prominence starring in a series of romantic films, including Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Dil To Pagal Hai, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Mohabbatein. He earned critical acclaim for his portrayal of an alcoholic in Devdas, a NASA scientist in Swades, India and a man with Asperger syndrome in My Name Is Khan. His highest-grossing films include the comedies Chennai Express and Happy New Year, many of his films display themes of Indian national identity and connections with diaspora communities, or gender, racial, social and religious differences and grievances. For his contributions to film, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, and he is a frequent television presenter and stage show performer. The media often label him as Brand SRK because of his many endorsement, Khans philanthropic endeavours have provided health care and disaster relief, and he was honoured with UNESCOs Pyramide con Marni award in 2011 for his support of childrens education. He regularly features in listings of the most influential people in Indian culture, Khan was born on 2 November 1965 in a Muslim family in New Delhi. He spent the first five years of his life in Mangalore, according to Khan, his paternal grandfather, Jan Muhammad, an ethnic Pathan was from Afghanistan. Shah Rukh Khan also said in his interviews that he is a Pathan from Peshawar, Khans father, Meer Taj Mohammed Khan, was an Indian independence activist in Peshawar, British India. As of 2010, Khans paternal family was living in Shah Wali Qataal area of Peshawars Qissa Khawani Bazaar. Meer was a follower of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, and affiliated with the All Indian National Congress and he moved to New Delhi in 1948 partition of India. Khans mother, Lateef Fatima, was the daughter of a government engineer. His parents were married in 1959, Khan described himself on Twitter as half Hyderabadi, half Pathan, some Kashmiri. His paternal cousins in Peshawar claim that the family is of Hindkowan origin from Kashmir, not Pashtun, Khan grew up in the Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood of Delhi
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Shahid Kapoor
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Shahid Kapoor, also known as Shahid Khattar, is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films. The son of actors Pankaj Kapur and Neelima Azeem, Kapoor was born in New Delhi and his parents separated when he was three, and he continued living with his mother. They moved to Mumbai when has was 10, where he joined Shiamak Davars dance academy, Kapoor appeared as a background dancer in a few films of the 1990s, and was later featured in music videos and television commercials. Kapoor made his debut in 2003 with a leading role in the romantic comedy Ishq Vishk. He followed it with roles in several failures before starring in Sooraj Barjatyas top-grossing family drama Vivah. After appearing in series of box office flops, he starred in the action film R. Rajkumar —his highest-grossing release. In 2014, Kapoor portrayed the Hamlet character in Bhardwajs acclaimed drama Haider, two years later, he played a drug abusing singer in the crime drama Udta Punjab, which won him the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. Cited in the media as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities, initially recognised for portraying romantic roles, Kapoor has since taken on parts in action films and thrillers. He is the recipient of awards, including three Filmfare Awards. In addition to acting, Kapoor supports charities, hosts award ceremonies, following a romantic relationship with the actress Kareena Kapoor, he married Mira Rajput, a student from New Delhi, with whom he has a daughter. Shahid Kapoor was born in New Delhi on 25 February 1981 to actor Pankaj Kapur and his parents divorced when he was three years old, his father shifted to Mumbai and Kapoor continued living in Delhi with his mother and maternal grandparents. His grandparents were journalists for the Russian magazine Sputnik, and Kapoor was particularly fond of his grandfather and he would talk to me about dad, with whom he shared a great relationship, and read out his letters to me. His father, who was then an actor in Mumbai. When Kapoor was 10, his mother, who was working as a dancer, in Mumbai, Azeem went on to marry the actor Rajesh Khattar. Kapoor continued living with his mother and Khattar, until separated in 2001. Kapoor continues to use the last name Khattar on his passport and he has a maternal half-brother from his mothers marriage to Khattar. From his fathers marriage to Pathak, he has two paternal half-siblings, Kapoor was educated at the Gyan Bharati School in Delhi and Rajhans Vidyalaya in Mumbai. He later attended Mumbais Mithibai College for three years, Kapoor was interested in dance from an early age, and at the age of 15, he joined Shiamak Davars dance institute
11.
Vidya Balan
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Vidya Balan is an Indian actress. She is known for portraying strong protagonists and has acknowledged in the media for pioneering a change in the concept of a Hindi film heroine. Vidya aspired to a career in film from a young age and she pursued a masters degree in sociology from the University of Mumbai and simultaneously made several unsuccessful attempts to start a career in film. She subsequently featured in commercials and music videos. In 2003 she made her film debut as the protagonist of the independent Bengali drama Bhalo Theko. In 2005 Vidya garnered praise for her first Hindi film, the drama Parineeta and this initial success was followed by roles in the romantic comedies Heyy Babyy and Kismat Konnection which had negative reviews. She followed this with a series of films that performed poorly at the box office, although her performance in Kahaani 2, in addition to acting in films, Vidya promotes humanitarian causes and supports the empowerment of women. She initially drew criticism for her weight and questionable dress sense. She is married to the film producer Siddharth Roy Kapur, Vidya Balan was born on 1 January 1979 in Chembur, Mumbai, to parents of Tamilian descent. Her father, P. R. Balan, is the executive vice-president of Digicable and her mother, according to Vidya, they speak a mix of Malayalam and Tamil at home. Her elder sister, Priya Balan, works in advertising, the actress Priyamani is her second cousin. Vidya grew up in the neighbourhood of Chembur, Mumbai. From a young age she aspired to a career in film and was inspired by the work of actors Shabana Azmi, at the age of 16, she starred in the first season of Ekta Kapoors sitcom Hum Paanch as Radhika, a bespectacled teenager. Following the success of the show, Vidya refused director Anurag Basus offer to star in a soap opera. Her parents were supportive of the decision but encouraged her to complete her education first and she attended St. Xaviers College to pursue a bachelors degree in sociology and later earned a masters degree from the University of Mumbai. While pursuing her masters degree, Vidya was cast as the lead in the Malayalam film Chakram. However, due to difficulties, Chakram was shelved. She shifted focus to Tamil cinema, in 2001, she was cast as the female lead in N. Linguswamys Run
12.
Tom Alter
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Thomas Beach Alter is an Indian actor of American descent. He is an actor, best known for his work in Bollywood. In 2008, he was awarded Padma Shri by the Indian government and his father was born in Sialkot, now in Pakistan. His elder sister Martha Chen has a PhD in South Asian Studies and his brother John is a poet, as a child, he studied Hindi and, consequently, he has occasionally been referred to as the Blue-eyed saheb with impeccable Hindi. He studied at the Film and Television Institute of India and his major inspiration to enter films was Rajesh Khanna. He confessed in an interview I still dream of being Rajesh Khanna. For me, in the early 1970s, he was the only hero — romantic to the core, not larger than life, so Indian and real — he was my hero and he is married, with two children, a son, Jamie, and daughter, Afshaan. He is a member of International Film And Television Club & International Film And Television Research Centre of Asian Academy of Film & Television. Alter taught at St. Thomas school in Jagadhri for $50 a month before taking to films and he worked as a sports teacher at the school. He used to coach cricket in the school and his crisp columns on sport have enthralled readers of popular newspapers and journals to which he contributed for ten years. He loved his job and the town of Jagadhri. In his own words, There was something very warm about Jagadhri, I remained a teacher there until the day I watched Rajesh Khanna romance Sharmila in Aradhana. That was the beginning of my addiction to cinema, Alter is fluent in Hindi, Urdu and knowledgeable of Indian culture. He has worked for noted filmmakers like Satyajit Ray in Shatranj Ke Khilari and is remembered for his role as a British officer in Kranti. In Sardar, the 1993 film biography of Indian leader Sardar Patel and he has also played Indian characters in Indian television series, such as the long-running Junoon, in which he was the sadistic mob lord Keshav Kalsi. He also acted in Hollywood movie One Night with the King with Peter OToole, Alter has written books including The Longest Race, Rerun at Rialto, and The Best in the World. He is also a sports journalist with a special interest in cricket and he plays cricket for a film industry team MCC, which includes Naseeruddin Shah, Satish Shah, Vishal Bhardwaj, Aamir Khan, Nana Patekar, Bhupinder Singh and Amarinder Sangha. He also wrote on cricket in Indian publications, in 1996, he was invited by friend Siraj Syed to Singapore, to do cricket commentary in Hindi, for Indian viewers, on the sports TV channel, ESPN
13.
Canadian
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Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural, for most Canadians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Canadas nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom, legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development. As of 2010, Canadians make up 0. 5% of the total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4. 3% of the countrys 33,476,688 population. The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario, approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, after the War of 1812, British, Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Ruperts Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America and these new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are often referred to as old stock Canadians. Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, from the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted Home Children from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles
14.
India
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India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
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Pakistanis
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Pakistanis are the people who are citizens of the modern Islamic Republic of Pakistan. As of 2011, the population of Pakistan was over 199 million making it the worlds sixth most-populous country. Pakistan has one of the worlds fastest growing populations, as the country is located in South Asia, Pakistani people are a mixture of various indigenous ethnic groups. The Punjabi people, the largest ethnic group in Pakistan, reside predominantly in Central, considerable population of Punjabis live in Karachi as well. The Baloch people inhabit the southwest of the country, the Kashmiri people are an important ethnic group of the Kashmir region in the north. The Chitrali people are indigenous people who live high in the mountains in the northwest. There are countless other ethnic groups make up part of Pakistanis mosaic such as the Bengalis, Burmese, Hazara, Tajik and Hakka. Pakistan has a culture, with all of the provinces maintaining differing social mores. However, Islam is the force behind the unity of varying ethnic groups from different parts of the country. Pakistani culture falls in the category of high context, Urdu, a major standard register of Hindustani, is Pakistans national language. Urdu was chosen as a token of unity and as a lingua franca so as not to any native Pakistani language preference over the other. It is mostly learned as a language, with nearly 93% of Pakistans population having a mother tongue other than Urdu. Urdu is spoken as a first, second or at times third tongue by almost all Pakistani people, english is spoken at an official level and in most elite circles, as a legacy of the long British Raj colonial rule in the region. Many Pakistanis worldwide speak the regional languages of Pakistan such as, Urdu, Saraiki, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi. The largest religion practiced in Pakistan is Islam, other religious groups in Pakistan include Judaism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity. There are large populations of Pakistani ancestry around the world, due to emigration, the population of Pakistanis abroad is considered to exceed seven million and can be found in the Middle East, North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The Pakistani diaspora in Europe and its impact on building in Pakistan. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, relevance of Education for Womens Empowerment in Punjab, Pakistan
16.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
17.
Drama
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Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning action, which is derived from I do, the two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia, Thalia was the Muse of comedy, while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy. Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the mode has been contrasted with the epic. The use of drama in a narrow sense to designate a specific type of play dates from the modern era. Drama in this sense refers to a play that is neither a comedy nor a tragedy—for example and it is this narrower sense that the film and television industries, along with film studies, adopted to describe drama as a genre within their respective media. Radio drama has been used in both senses—originally transmitted in a performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow. The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production, the structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception. The early modern tragedy Hamlet by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus Rex by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama, a modern example is Long Days Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill. Closet drama describes a form that is intended to be read, in improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist the moment of performance, performers devise a dramatic script spontaneously before an audience. Western drama originates in classical Greece, the theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens produced three genres of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE they were institutionalised in competitions held as part of celebrating the god Dionysus. The competition for tragedies may have begun as early as 534 BCE, tragic dramatists were required to present a tetralogy of plays, which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play. Comedy was officially recognized with a prize in the competition from 487 to 486 BCE, five comic dramatists competed at the City Dionysia, each offering a single comedy. Ancient Greek comedy is traditionally divided between old comedy, middle comedy and new comedy, following the expansion of the Roman Republic into several Greek territories between 270–240 BCE, Rome encountered Greek drama. While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, from the beginning of the empire, however, interest in full-length drama declined in favour of a broader variety of theatrical entertainments. The first important works of Roman literature were the tragedies and comedies that Livius Andronicus wrote from 240 BCE, five years later, Gnaeus Naevius also began to write drama. No plays from either writer have survived, by the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, drama was firmly established in Rome and a guild of writers had been formed
18.
Television program
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It may be a single production, or more commonly, a series of related productions. A limited number of episodes of a show may be called a miniseries or a serial or limited series. Television series are without a fixed length and are divided into seasons or series. While there is no defined length, U. S. industry practice has traditionally favored longer television seasons than those of other countries, a one-time broadcast may be called a special, or particularly in the UK a special episode. A television film is a film that is initially broadcast on television rather than released in theaters or direct-to-video, a program can be either recorded, as on video tape, other various electronic media forms, played with an on-demand player or viewed on live television. Television programs may be fictional, or non-fictional and it may be topical, or historical. They could be primarily instructional or educational, or entertaining as is the case in situation comedy, a drama program usually features a set of actors playing characters in a historical or contemporary setting. The program follows their lives and adventures, except for soap opera-type serials, many shows especially before the 1980s, remained static without story arcs, and the main characters and premise changed little. If some change happened to the characters lives during the episode, because of this, the episodes could be broadcast in any order. Since the 1980s, there are series that feature progressive change to the plot. For instance, Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere were two of the first American prime time television series to have this kind of dramatic structure. While the later series, Babylon 5 is an example of such production that had a predetermined story running over its intended five-season run. In 2012, it was reported that television was growing into a component of major media companies revenues than film. Some also noted the increase in quality of television programs. When a person or company decides to create a new series, they develop the elements, consisting of the concept, the characters, the crew. Then they offer it to the networks in an attempt to find one interested enough to order a prototype first episode of the series. They want very much to get the word out on what types of shows they’re looking for, to create the pilot, the structure and team of the whole series must be put together. If the network likes the pilot, they pick up the show to air it the next season, sometimes they save it for mid-season, or request rewrites and further review
19.
Acting
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Acting involves a broad range of skills, including a well-developed imagination, emotional facility, physical expressivity, vocal projection, clarity of speech, and the ability to interpret drama. Acting also demands an ability to employ dialects, accents, improvisation, observation and emulation, mime, many actors train at length in specialist programmes or colleges to develop these skills. The vast majority of actors have undergone extensive training. Actors and actresses will often have many instructors and teachers for a range of training involving singing, scene-work, audition techniques. Most early sources in the West that examine the art of acting discuss it as part of rhetoric, one of the first actors is believed to have been an ancient Greek called Thespis of Icaria. Writing two centuries after the event, Aristotle in his Poetics suggests that Thespis stepped out of the dithyrambic chorus, when Thespis stepped out from the chorus, he spoke as if he was the character. To distinguish between different modes of storytelling—enactment and narration—Aristotle uses the terms mimesis and diegesis. From Thespis name derives the word thespian, a professional actor is someone who is paid to act. Professional actors sometimes undertake unpaid work for a variety of reasons, amateur actors are those who do not receive payment for performances. Not all people working as actors in film, television, or theatre are professionally trained, bob Hoskins, for example, had no formal training before becoming an actor. Conservatories and drama schools typically offer two- to four-year training on all aspects of acting, universities mostly offer three- to four-year programs, in which a student is often able to choose to focus on acting, whilst continuing to learn about other aspects of theatre. Other approaches may include a more physically based orientation, such as that promoted by practitioners as diverse as Anne Bogart, Jacques Lecoq, Jerzy Grotowski. Classes may also include psychotechnique, mask work, physical theatre, improvisation, regardless of a schools approach, students should expect intensive training in textual interpretation, voice, and movement. Applications to drama programmes and conservatories usually involve extensive auditions, anybody over the age of 18 can usually apply. Training may also start at a young age. Acting classes and professional schools targeted at under-18s are widespread and these classes introduce young actors to different aspects of acting and theatre, including scene study. Increased training and exposure to public speaking allows humans to maintain calmer, by measuring a public speaker’s heart rate maybe one of the easiest ways to judge shifts in stress as the heart rate increases with anxiety. As actors increase performances, heart rate and other evidence of stress can decrease and this is very important in training for actors, as adaptive strategies gained from increased exposure to public speaking can regulate implicit and explicit anxiety
20.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
21.
Advertisement film
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A television advertisement is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, typically to market a product or service. Advertisers and marketeers may refer to television commercials as TVCs, Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately-owned television networks. As of 2016 the vast majority of television advertisements consist of advertising spots. Advertisements of this sort have promoted a variety of goods, services. The effects of television advertising upon the public have been the subject of philosophical discourse by such luminaries as Marshall McLuhan. In many countries, including the United States, television advertisements are considered indispensable for a political campaign. In other countries, such as France, political advertising on television is heavily restricted, while some countries, such as Norway, completely ban political advertisements. The announcement for Bulova watches, for which the company paid anywhere from $4.00 to $9.00, displayed a WNBT test pattern modified to look like a clock with the hands showing the time. The Bulova logo, with the phrase Bulova Watch Time, appeared in the lower quadrant of the test pattern while the second hand swept around the dial for one minute. The first TV ad broadcast in the UK went to air on ITV on September 22,1955, the first TV ad broadcast in Asia appeared on Nippon Television in Tokyo on August 28,1953, advertising Seikosha, it also displayed a clock with the current time. To accomplish the first step means different things in different parts of the world depending on the regulation in place, in the UK for example, clearance must be given by the body Clearcast. Another example is Venezuela where clearance is governed by a body called CNAC, the clearance provides guarantee to the broadcasters that the content of the advertisement meets legal guidelines. Because of this, special extended clearance sometimes applies to food, after the advent of cheap video software and consumer cameras, numerous individuals have offered video production services on the internet. Some of these ad jingles or catch-phrases may take on lives of their own, spawning gags that appear in films, television shows, magazines, comics, or literature. These long-lasting advertising elements may be said to have taken a place in the pop culture history of the demographic to whom they appeared. An example is the phrase, Winston tastes good like a cigarette should. Variations of this dialogue and direct references to it appeared as long as two decades after the advertising campaign expired, another example is Wheres the Beef. which grew so popular it was used in the 1984 presidential election by Walter Mondale. Another popular catch-phrase is Ive fallen and I cant get up, Advertising agencies often use humor as a tool in their creative marketing campaigns
22.
Pepsi
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Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Originally created and developed in 1893 and introduced as Brads Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28,1898 and it is currently known in North America alternatively as Pepsi-Cola as of 2014. The drink Pepsi was first introduced as Brads Drink in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and it was renamed Pepsi Cola in 1898 after the root of the word dyspepsia and the kola nuts used in the recipe. The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla, Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse and that year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in bottles. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as A bully drink. refreshing, invigorating, the advertising theme Delicious and Healthful was then used over the next two decades. In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the design of 1905. In 1929, the logo was changed again, assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Megargel was unsuccessful, and soon Pepsis assets were purchased by Charles Guth, Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores fountains after Coke refused to him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Lofts chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula, on three separate occasions between 1922 and 1933, The Coca-Cola Company was offered the opportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company, and it declined on each occasion. The original trademark application for Pepsi-Cola was filed on September 23,1902 with registration approved on June 16,1903, in the applications statement, Caleb Bradham describes the trademark and indicated that the mark was in continuous use for his business since August 1,1901. The Pepsi-Colas description is a syrup for soda water. The trademark expired on April 15,1904, a second Pepsi-Cola trademark is on record with the USPTO. The federal status for the 1905 trademark is registered and renewed and is owned by PepsiCo of Purchase, in 2014, the 1940 wordmark was used again and replacing the current wordmark on many cans. During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12-ounce bottle, coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsis status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Colas profits doubled, Pepsis success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering
23.
Yeh Zindagi Hai
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Yeh Zindagi Hai was a Pakistani comedy-drama television series that premiered on Geo Entertainment in 2008. The story is about a middle-class family, Saeeda and Bano are sisters who are living together with their children. Saeeda has two daughters named Hajira and Jameela and a son named Bhola who marries with their neighbor’s daughter named Nargis without taking permission from any one. Bano has only a son named Jamal, Jamal likes Jameela since childhood, Jameela gives t, she falls in love with Momi. Saeeda asks Jameela for dowry for Hajra’s wedding, to that Jameela expresses great anger, sana’s son disclosed the affair between Momi and Jameela hence, Jameela is fired from the tuition. Jameela contacts Majid’s friend Kamal who works at a TV channel, due to this a misunderstanding develops in the house, Kamal takes her to a Kotha rather than to a TV channel. He helps her to escape from that Kotha and brings her to his house, Nargis lost her child because of Hajira, that’s why her mother takes her back. Shirazi also fed up with Jameela’s behavior and he is informed about the affair of Jameela and Jamal through Bhola, he divorces her. Jameela blames her mother for this, Saeeda is trying for Bhola’s second marriage but Nargis comes back to him. Jamal does the drama to marry with his stepmother’s daughter Pinky, Pinky advises him to marry Jameela. Hajira gets married with Majid, after Hajira’s marriage Saeeda feels Jameela’s pain, Jamal proposes to Jameela, she tells him about the entire story including Kotha and married life with Shirazi. Jamal realizes that how selfish and senseless they were, Jameela agrees for marriage after many hindrances. Soon Jamal really marries Pinky and Jamila gives birth to twins the same time Pinky gives birth to Kamal. Then Jamal and Jamila have afight and Jamal leaves Jamila to live with Pinki. Jamilas son grows up to become a driver while Pinkys son grows up to become a popstar. Yeh Zindagi Hai was also aired by Sony Entertainment Television Asia, nadia Khan Humayun Saeed Nida Yasir This drama generally portrays the environment of walled-city in a comic way. And even when it started to get negative reviews for its content it just keep running and also has completed more than 300 episodes
24.
Bollywood
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Bollywood is the sobriquet for Indias Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is more formally referred to as Hindi cinema, Bollywood is also one of the largest centers of film production in the world. Furthermore, Bollywood is one of the biggest film industries in the world in terms of the number of people employed, according to Matusitz, J. & Payano, P. In 2011, over 3.5 billion tickets were sold across the globe which in comparison is 900,000 tickets more than Hollywood, Bollywood produced 252 films in 2014 out of a total of 1969 films produced in Indian cinema. The name Bollywood is a derived from Bombay, India, and Hollywood, California. Bollywood does not exist as a physical place, some deplore the name, arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood. The naming scheme for Bollywood was inspired by Tollywood, the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal and it was this chance juxtaposition of two pairs of rhyming syllables, Holly and Tolly, that led to the portmanteau name Tollywood being coined. However, Tollywood is now used popularly to refer to the Telugu Film Industry in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh, the term Bollywood itself has origins in the 1970s, when India overtook America as the worlds largest film producer. Credit for the term has been claimed by different people, including the lyricist, filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna. Raja Harishchandra, by Dadasaheb Phalke, is known as the first silent feature film made in India, by the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Iranis Alam Ara, was a commercial success. There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals, Bollywood, the 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times, India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, in 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of Alam Ara fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, Kisan Kanya. The next year, he made another film, a version of Mother India. However, colour did not become a feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the fare at the cinema. Following Indias independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s is regarded by historians as the Golden Age of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this period, examples include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa and Kaagaz Ke Phool and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara, Shree 420 and Dilip Kumars Aan
25.
Kismat Konnection
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Kismat Konnection is an Indian film directed by Aziz Mirza who previously directed films including Yes Boss, Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani and Chalte Chalte. The film stars Shahid Kapoor and Vidya Balan in the roles with Juhi Chawla in a guest appearance. Shah Rukh Khan is the narrator, produced by Ramesh S Taurani under the banner of Tips Industries, Kismat Konnection was released on 18 July 2008. The Film was declared a Semi-Hit at the box office and this is a story about an architect Raj Malhotra who lives in Toronto, Canada. While he was a top student in his school and college days, he is not having luck in finding work. All he does, seems to go wrong, Raj goes to a gypsy named Haseena Bano Jaan. She advises him that his luck is not good and he needs a charm or a person who can change his life. Afterwards, Raj meets Priya, who is ready to help the citizens of a community by trying to save a community center, although they do not get along at first, Raj eventually realizes that Priya is his lucky charm. Priya ends up helping Raj through sticky situations and Raj eventually figures out that she is, in fact and he also falls in love with Priya and she too falls for him. However, when Priya finds out the truth about what Raj is trying to do, she becomes very upset, to make up for his lie, Raj sells everything he has, not caring about his job. He proposes a plan to save the community center and ends up winning Priyas love, after Priya and Raj finally get together, Rajs life changes and he becomes prosperous. Manpreet Gill Hyder Ali Shehnaz Anand as Aditi Amit Varma as Karan Satyanand Gaitonde as Kabir Dimple Sharma as Rita Shah Rukh Khan as Narrator Kismat Konnection was previously titled Lucky Charm, Kapoor and Balan began shooting for the film in Toronto, Canada and later continued in Mumbai. Actress Juhi Chawla played the role of a gypsy fortune-teller dressed in typical colorful bright attire, Kismat Konnection is a remake of the Hollywood film, Just My Luck which stars Lindsay Lohan and Chris Pine. The film received a rating of 3 out of 5 from the critics. A simple romantic Kismat Konnection, which could have been a romantic comedy, but lack of good one liners. However Taran Adarsh gave the movie 3 out of 5 calling it a simple and he also said the performances by Shahid and Vidya are done very neatly. Noyon Jyoti Parasara of AOL. in also rated it 3.5 out of 5 and said, Overall and its not a great story or an extraordinary film. But its a nice, cute and emotional movie, the film registered a very good opening at the Box office
26.
MTV
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MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
27.
Lollywood
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The Lahore film industry, also known by its sobriquet Lollywood and Gotham, is the oldest film industry of Pakistani cinema based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Between 1929 to 2007, Lahore was the center of Pakistani cinema, since 2007 however, Karachi has largely overtaken Lahore in Urdu film productions, while Lollywood today is more oriented towards Punjabi cinema. The word Lollywood was coined in the summer of 1989 in Glamour magazine published from Karachi by gossip columnist Saleem Nasir, film operations started out in Lahore in 1920s, now in Pakistan. The first silent film, The Daughters of Today, was released in 1924 in Lahore, movies shown at these cinemas were mostly local productions from Bombay and Calcutta, and seldom from Hollywood and London. The Daughters of Today was a brainchild of G. K, Mehta, a former officer with the North-Western Railways who, much like Bhatavdekar, had imported a camera into the country. But it was to be later in 1929–1930, when Abdur Rashid Kardars Husn Ka Daku was released that the industry was established in essence in Lahores Bhati Gate locality. This would later be called Lollywood, a portmanteau of Lahore, Kardar, a professional calligraphist, was accompanied by his fellow-artist and friend Muhammad Ismail, who would make the posters for his films. Although Kardar had worked with G. K. Mehta on The Daughters of Today, with Ismail, he sold all his belongings to set up a studio and a production company under the name United Players Corporation in 1928. Set up at Ravi Road in what is now the Timber Market, shooting was mainly done in daylight and limited their productivity, but the area they encompassed was enriched with locations including important landmarks. While the duo established their operations, director Ardeshir Iranis Alam Ara, the film would become the first Indian sound film. Actors who worked for the studio included Hiralal, Gul Hamid, Nazir, Pran Sikhand, Kaushalya Devi, Gulzaar, Mumtaaz, Husn Ka Daku, also known as Mysterious Eagle, Kardars directorial début would firmly add him into the directors guild. The Famous Pakistani film that would make him known in the industry came in 1932. Produced by Hakim Ram Prasad, Heer Ranjha was the first sound produced in Lahore at the United Players’ studio. The industry left would later be termed as Lollywood, after the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Lahore was the only film production centre in the newly founded Pakistan and on 7 August 1948 it released the first film, titled Teri Yaad. Since then, film production centres have opened in the cities of Karachi. Waar released in 2013 with record opening in box office, in 2014 year, Lollywood screened 21 films in Urdu, Punjabi and Pashto. Top box office films were Na Maloom Afraad, O21, The System, Sultanat, Dukhtar, see list of Pakistani films of 2015 Cinema of Pakistan List of Pakistani Punjabi-language films
28.
Hum TV
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Hum TV is a 24-hour entertainment TV channel based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is owned by Hum Network Limited, Hum Network Limited was known as Eye Television Network Limited prior to 21 January 2011. Hum TV began its transmission on 17 January 2005, in March 2013, Hum Network held its first Hum Awards ceremony. List of Pakistani television serials List of television stations in Pakistan Hum Masala Style 360 Hum Sitaray Hum Europe Hum Films Hum News Hum Award List of programs broadcast by Hum TV
29.
AAG TV
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AAG TV was a youth entertainment channel in Pakistan, owned by Independent Media Corporation. Launched in 2006 by Geo Television Network, it was associated with Fire Records, certain notable artists within the Pakistani music industry were signed by Fire Records. In 2013, Aag TV shut down in the United Kingdom and Ireland, AAG Interactive is responsible for the channels social media networking, website and print publication called AAGAHI. The team consists of, AAGs graphic design and animation is taken care by the Red Team, Team Leader / Manager - S
30.
The Express Tribune
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The Express Tribune is a major daily English-language newspaper based in Pakistan. Part of the Lakson Group of companies, it is the publication of the Daily Express media group. It is Pakistans only internationally affiliated newspaper, in partnership with International New York Times, headquartered in Karachi, it also prints copy from offices in Lahore, Islamabad and Peshawar. It was launched on April 12,2010, in broadsheet format and its editorial stance identifies with social liberalism, and its readership is generally on the mainstream left of Pakistani political and social opinion. Topics the newspaper covers politics, international affairs, economics, investment, sports. It runs a glossy called Express Tribune Magazine on Sunday, which includes social commentary, interviews, as of 2012, it has the widest online readership in the country locally and internationally. The Express Tribune joins other brands of the Express media group including the Urdu-language Daily Express newspaper and it is accompanied by a twenty-four-hour Urdu news channel, Express News, and an Urdu entertainment channel, Express Entertainment. It also contains a supplement called @internet. It used to run an English-language news channel called Express 24/7, the papers stated mission is to defend the liberal values and egalitarian traditions we believe in, and which deserve to be upheld in writing that is both informative and insightful. The publisher of The Express Tribune, Bilal Ali Lakhani, is the son of Sultan Ali Lakhani, the managing editor, Muhammad Ziauddin, was previously associated with Dawn. The editor, Kamal Siddiqi, was associated with The News. The Editorial Consultant is Abul Hasanat, previously City Editor Dawn, the op-ed editor is Omar R. Quraishi, who was also previously associated with Dawn. The Photographer Athar Khan, was associated with The News Karachi. The Express Tribune is available online via Epaper and through a website which includes news. The print edition is available through hawker, via subscription or at news stands, the print edition includes a six-day-a-week copy of the Asia edition of the International Herald Tribune. The Express Tribune is a supporter of The Citizens Foundation, a local not-for-profit organisation providing education to children in need, up to 30 per cent of subscription profits are donated to the TCF. On December 2,2013, Express Media Groups offices were targeted in a terrorist attack in which 3 staff workers were killed, Pakistani politician Altaf Hussain condemned the attack and said that it is obligation of the government to ensure the safety of the people. TTP later took the responsibility of the attacks and declared the paper to be propagating against their militant group, a Chinese court accepted to hear a case regarding the issue of same-sex marriage
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IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
