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Adoption in ancient Rome
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Adoption in ancient Rome was primarily a legal procedure for transferring paternal power to ensure succession in the male line within Roman patriarchal society. The Latin word adoptio refers broadly t
Great Antonine Altar depicting imperial succession through adoption: Hadrian (right) adopted Antoninus Pius (center left), who in turn adopted the 17-year-old Marcus Aurelius (left) and the 8-year-old Lucius Verus; the head over Hadrian's left shoulder may represent the guardian genius of Aelius Verus, Lucius's late father
Great Antonine Altar depicting imperial succession through adoption: Hadrian (right) adopted Antoninus Pius (center left), who in turn adopted the 17-
A family genius depicted as a paterfamilias (1st century)
A family genius depicted as a paterfamilias (1st century)
Cameo (1st century) depicting Augustus, Livia, and Nero as a child
Cameo (1st century) depicting Augustus, Livia, and Nero as a child
Denarius issued under Hadrian; the reverse shows him joining hands with Trajan with the legend ADOPTIO
Denarius issued under Hadrian; the reverse shows him joining hands with Trajan with the legend ADOPTIO
Concubinatus
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Concubinatus was a monogamous union, intended to be of some duration but not necessarily permanent, that was socially and to some extent legally recognized as an alternative to marriage in the Roman E
The concubina Fufia Chila is included in this family gravestone set up by Marcus Vennius Rufus to commemorate himself, his father and mother, and his
The concubina Fufia Chila is included in this family gravestone set up by Marcus Vennius Rufus to commemorate himself, his father and mother, and his wife (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli )
Fragment from an equestrian statue of Augustus (1st century BCE)
Fragment from an equestrian statue of Augustus (1st century BCE)
Gravestone set up by Gaius Caesius Faustus, the freedman of Gaius Caesius, for himself; his natural son, Gaius Caesius Nothus; his former master's son
Gravestone set up by Gaius Caesius Faustus, the freedman of Gaius Caesius, for himself; his natural son, Gaius Caesius Nothus; his former master's son, Gaius Caesius; Valeria Galla, possibly his concubine, identified as the freedwoman of a Lucius Valerius; and Lucius Cornelius Eleutherus (1st century AD)