1.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
–
New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
–
The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
–
Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
2.
New York (state)
–
New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
New York (state)
–
British general
John Burgoyne surrenders at
Saratoga in 1777.
New York (state)
–
Flag
New York (state)
–
1800 map of New York from
Low's Encyclopaedia
New York (state)
–
The
Erie Canal at
Lockport, New York in 1839
3.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
4.
Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School
–
Fiorello H. S. state of New York. The school has a mission of arts and academics, preparing students for a career in the arts or conservatory study as well as a pursuit of higher education. The school in 2013–2014 had 2,730 students and 163 staff members, the High School of Music & Art was founded by Fiorello H. LaGuardia in 1936. As the mayor of New York City he wanted to establish a school in which students could hone their talents in music, art. In 1948, a similar institution – the School of Performing Arts – was created in an effort to harness students’ talents in dance, the schools merged on paper in 1961 and were to be combined in one building. However, this many years and it was not until 1984 that they moved to a new concrete building adjacent to Lincoln Center designed by Eduardo Catalano. The Board of Education honored Mayor LaGuardia posthumously by naming the new building after him, Performing Arts was located in midtown on 46th Street, both in Manhattan. Mayor La Guardia regarded Music & Art as the most hopeful accomplishment of his administration as mayor. The 1980 dramatic film Fame was based on student life at the School of Performing Arts prior to its merger into LaGuardia High School. It was so successful that a series, Fame, was launched in 1982, a musical adaptation was premiered in 1988. Paul McCartney said he wanted a school like LaGuardia aka the FAME School in Liverpool, England, with the schools principal, Mark Weatherstone-Witty he created the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts. The schools alumni organization has an executive director and offices at the school. It functions as an independent charitable organization organized under the laws of New York, students at LaGuardia take a full academic course load while participating in conservatory-style arts concentration. Each student majors in one studio, choosing from among Dance, Drama, Art, Vocal Music, Instrumental Music, many graduates from LaGuardia continue their studies in universities or conservatories after graduation. LaGuardia follows up to a 10 period day, including one lab per week, periods are 45 minutes long with a 4-minute break between each period. Each student spends a minimum of two periods in studio classes, during freshman year, each student takes a minimum of two studio classes, and three or more during sophomore, junior, and senior years. By state law, students are required to complete four years of English and history classes, students who do not meet their studio requirements at graduation leave without a studio-endorsed diploma. LaGuardia had offered a track to students entering after 2006
Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School
–
The exterior of LaGuardia, one block west of
Lincoln Center
5.
Queens College, City University of New York
–
Queens College is one of the four-year colleges in the City University of New York system. Queens College is consistently ranked among the institutions in the nation for the quality of its faculty and academic programs, the achievement of its students. In 2013 Queens College was ranked #2 nationally by the Washington Monthly for giving students the best bang for their bucks, the building was located on Flushing-Jamaica Road. Jamaica Academy became public in 1844, in 1909, the New York Parental School, a home for troubled boys, opened on the land surrounding the future site of Queens College and incorporated Jamaica Academy on its campus. Buildings such as Jefferson Hall were used as dormitories and classrooms. In 1934, the New York Parental School was investigated amid rumors of abuse, the school was shut down and students were transferred to local public schools. A few months later, the grounds were turned over to the city, the city planned to house 500 mental patients from Randalls Island Hospital, who were temporarily displaced by the construction of the Triborough Bridge. Meanwhile, County Judge Charles S. Colden appointed and chaired a committee to assess the feasibility of opening a college in Queens. In September 1935, the committee recommended the establishment of such a college, mayor La Guardia backed the recommendation and pushed for the free colleges creation. In March 1937, the Board of Education designated the site of the former Parental School to be the location of Queens College. Paul Klapper, former dean of the School of Education at City College of New York, was appointed the new colleges president, the college opened in October 1937—later than anticipated due to a painters strike—with 21 members on its teaching staff and 400 students in its inaugural freshmen class. The college campus grew as buildings were constructed and enrollment increased, the program was intended to offer college education to more New York City residents, in particular those of color. In 1973 enrollment at Queens reached a high of 31,413 students. By 1976 new concerns overtook the college as New York City faced a financial crisis. CUNYs policy of free tuition was revoked, the overall CUNY budget was cut by $135 million, some faculty members resigned in protest. All hiring and building on campus was halted, by 1984 student enrollment had declined to 15,000. By that time, former Queens College president Dr. Joseph S. Murphy was CUNY Chancellor, in the 1990s, the college attracted high-profile researchers to its faculty, including the virologist Luc Montagnier. The college campus continued improving its facilities, under a $1 billion CUNY-wide improvement program, Queens Colleges Powdermaker Hall was given a $57 million renovation, begun in 2000
Queens College, City University of New York
–
This marker, just outside the
Student Union building, marks the original location of the one-room schoolhouse
Queens College, City University of New York
–
Queens College, City University of New York
Queens College, City University of New York
–
The QC Quad
Queens College, City University of New York
–
Rosenthal Library
6.
Actor
–
Anyone who meets the eligibility requirements may apply for aid, which could vary from medical assistance, paying rent, or finding employment. Heros benefits are not meant to be a permanent crutch for needy creators, any granted aid is kept confidential. The Hero Initiative has two boards of directors, the Executive Board and the Fund Disbursement Board, former board members include founders Pat McCallum, editor-in-chief of Wizard Magazine, and Mike Richardson, publisher and founder of Dark Horse Comics. They are George Pérez, Roy Thomas, Charlie Novinskie, Dennis ONeil, John Romita Sr. the charity is currently supported by Dark Horse Comics, Dynamic Forces, Image Comics, Marvel Entertainment, Top Cow Productions, and Wizard Entertainment. The Hero Initiative utilizes many methods of fundraising, foremost is their annual art auction, auctioning donated original comics art-work at fan conventions. Year-long, they sell donated art and special edition comics at conventions, artists, writers, and publishers are invited to donate work, and fans are invited to donate money directly to the fund. ACTOR also sells a green Excelsior, wrist-band similar in design to the Livestrong wristband. The Hero Initiative was formerly known as A Commitment to Our Roots, or ACTOR, while the original name of the organization reflected the charitys goal, the acronym that resulted, ACTOR, more often confused people unfamiliar with the organization. 2006, George Pérez, John Romita, Sr.2007, Joe Kubert 2008, Nick Cardy 2009, Neal Adams 2010, Walt Simonson 2011, Stan Lee 2012, John Romita, Jr. The award recognizes one person in each year who demonstrates particular generosity and integrity in support of the overall comic book community. It debuted at the 2010 Harvey Awards ceremony held at the Baltimore Comic-Con
Actor
–
The Hero Initiative
Actor
7.
Film producer
–
Film producers fill a variety of roles depending upon the type of producer. During the discovery stage, the producer has to find and acknowledge promising material, then, unless the film is supposed to be based on an original script, the producer has to find an appropriate screenwriter. For various reasons, producers cannot always supervise all of the production, in this case, the main producer may appoint executive producers, line producers, or unit production managers who represent the main producers interests. The producer has the last word on whether sounds or music have to be changed and they are in charge of selling the film or arranging distribution rights as well. The producers role can vary significantly from project to project, based on the circumstances and they generally are in charge of things like hiring staff, creating filming schedules, checking and approving locations, and much more. Producers are present in every genre of television and film. Although each genre might be different from each other, a producers role and job is the same throughout each. A producer from a program can be compared to a producer of a filmmaker despite how different each genre can be. Although the primary role of the producer can be compared to that of a filmmaker, the roles are very wide ranging, due to the fact that this occupation has gone through an enormous amount of stages and phases as time went on. Today, in most cases the roles range from supervising the editing process to hiring the main staff. The producer has an amount of power in every single aspect of the production process. They are never left out and are involved in every single stage of the production. There are times when a producer can try and find promising material to either a feature film or a television program. If a producer decides to do this, it is usually done in the discovery stage, the discovery stage is when a producer is actively looking for a variety of ideas, concepts, and/or promising scripts that he/she could make into a show and/or film. In this stage, a power may even stretch to gathering workers for the selected project. Even though a producer today can have a range of roles within the field. Within the industry, there are different types of producers who are only designated to specific roles such as controlling the staff. For example, to oversee and manage all aspects of production the role may be filled by the line producer
Film producer
–
George Lucas is known for producing the
Star Wars and
Indiana Jones movies.
8.
Sylvia Plachy
–
Sylvia Plachy is a Hungarian/American photographer. Plachys work has featured in many New York city magazines and newspapers. Plachy was born in Budapest, Hungary and her Hungarian Jewish mother was in hiding in fear of Nazi persecution during World War II. Her father was a Hungarian Roman Catholic of aristocratic descent and she was raised in his faith, Plachys family moved to New York City in 1958, after the Hungarian revolution and two years after they had crossed into Austria for safety, hidden in a horse-drawn cart. She started photographing in 1964 with an emphasis of recording the character of the city along with its diverse occupants. Plachy studied photography at the Pratt Institute in New York City, there she met the photographer André Kertész, who became her lifelong friend. Plachys photo essays and portraits have appeared in The New York Times Magazine, The Village Voice, The New Yorker, Granta, Artforum, Fortune and she started working at The Village Voice in 1974. Plachys first book, Sylvia Plachys Unguided Tour, won the Infinity Award from the International Center of Photography for best publication in 1991. Her book Self Portrait with Cows Going Home, a history of Central Europe with photographs and text. Her other books are Red Light, Inside the Sex Industry with James Ridgeway, Signs & Relics, Out of the Corner of My Eye and Goings On About Town, Photographs for The New Yorker. Plachy has been honored with a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Lucie Award, and she has taught and lectured widely. Plachy lives in New York City with her husband, Elliot Brody, Goings On About Town, Photographs for the New Yorker. Out of the Corner of My Eye = De reojo, Self Portrait With Cows Going Home. Red Light, Inside the Sex Industry, Sylvia Plachys website Audio interview with Plachy and photographs by her photos from Style series New York Times article
Sylvia Plachy
–
Sylvia Plachy
9.
Roman Polanski
–
Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański is a French-Polish film director, producer, writer, and actor. Born in Paris, his Polish-Jewish parents moved the back to Poland in 1937. Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany a few later, in 1939. Polanskis first feature-length film, Knife in the Water, made in Poland, was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He has since received five more Oscar nominations, along with two BAFTAs, four Césars, a Golden Globe Award and the Palme dOr of the Cannes Film Festival in France, in the United Kingdom he directed three films, beginning with Repulsion. In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemarys Baby. A turning point in his life took place in 1969, when his pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, following her death, Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing. He made Macbeth in England and back in Hollywood, Chinatown, in 1977, Polanski was arrested and charged with the rape of a 13-year-old model during a photo session. He subsequently pled guilty to the charge of statutory rape and he was released from prison after serving 42 days, and as part of an apparent plea bargain, was to be put on probation. When he learned that the judge changed his mind and planned to reject the plea bargain, in Europe, Polanski continued to make films, including Tess, starring aspiring actress, Nastassja Kinski. It won Frances César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director and he later produced and directed The Pianist, starring Adrien Brody, in a World War II true story drama about a Jewish-Polish musician. The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director, along with numerous international awards and he also directed Oliver Twist, a story which parallels his own life as a young boy attempting to triumph over adversity. Polanski was born in Paris, the son of Bula and Ryszard Polański, a painter and manufacturer of sculptures and his mother had a daughter, Annette, by her previous husband. Annette managed to survive Auschwitz, where her mother died, Polańskis father was Jewish and originally from Poland, Polańskis mother, born in Russia, had been raised Roman Catholic and was of half-Jewish ancestry. Polański, influenced by his education in the Peoples Republic of Poland, said Im an atheist in an interview about his film, Rosemarys Baby. The Polański family moved back to the Polish city of Kraków in 1936, Kraków was soon occupied by the German forces, and Nazi racial purity laws made the Polańskis targets of persecution, forcing them into the Kraków Ghetto, along with thousands of the citys Jews. Around the age of six, he attended school for only a few weeks, until all the Jewish children were abruptly expelled. That initiative was followed by requiring all Jewish children over the age of twelve to wear white armbands with a blue Star of David imprinted for visual identification
Roman Polanski
–
Polanski at the
2013 Cannes Film Festival
Roman Polanski
–
Jews during the Warsaw uprising
Roman Polanski
–
Polanski's star on the
Łódź walk of fame
Roman Polanski
–
Polanski with wife
Emmanuelle Seigner at the
1992 Cannes Film Festival.
10.
The Pianist (2002 film)
–
The Pianist is a 2002 historical drama film co-produced and directed by Roman Polanski, scripted by Ronald Harwood, and starring Adrien Brody. It is based on the autobiographical book The Pianist, a World War II memoir by the Polish-Jewish pianist, the film was a co-production between France, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Poland. The Pianist met with significant critical praise and received multiple awards and it was awarded the Palme dOr at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. It also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film and BAFTA Award for Best Direction in 2003 and seven French Césars including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor for Brody. In September 1939, Władysław Szpilman, a Polish-Jewish pianist, is playing live on the radio in Warsaw when the station is bombed during Nazi Germanys invasion of Poland. Hoping for a victory, Szpilman rejoices with his family at home when learning that Britain. But the promised aid does not come, fighting lasts for just over a month, with both the German and Soviet armies invading Poland at the same time on different fronts. Warsaw becomes part of the Nazi-controlled General Government, Jews are soon prevented from working or owning businesses, and are also made to wear blue Star of David armbands. By November 1940, Szpilman and his family are forced from their home into the overcrowded Warsaw Ghetto, people starve, the guards are brutal, and starving children are abandoned in the streets. On one occasion, the Szpilmans witness the SS kill a family in an apartment across the street during a round-up. On 16 August 1942, Szpilman and his family are transported to Treblinka extermination camp as part of Operation Reinhard, but a friend in the Jewish Ghetto Police recognises Władysław at the Umschlagplatz and separates him from his family. He becomes a slave labourer and learns of a coming Jewish revolt and he helps the resistance by smuggling weapons into the ghetto, on one occasion narrowly avoiding a suspicious guard. Szpilman eventually manages to escape and goes into hiding with help from a friend, Andrzej Bogucki. In April 1943, Szpilman watches from his window as the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, after a neighbor discovers Szpilman in the flat, he is forced to flee to a second hiding place. The new room has a piano in it but he is compelled to keep quiet while beginning to suffer from jaundice, in August 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, the Armia Krajowa attacks a German building across the street from Szpilmans hideout. Tank shells hit the apartment forcing him to flee, over the course of the following months, Warsaw is destroyed. Szpilman is left alone to search desperately for shelter and supplies among the ruins and he eventually makes his way to a house where he finds a can of pickles. While trying to open it he is discovered by Wehrmacht officer Wilm Hosenfeld who learns that Szpilman is a pianist and he asks Szpilman to play on a grand piano in the house
The Pianist (2002 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
The Pianist (2002 film)
–
Photograph of
Władysław Szpilman
The Pianist (2002 film)
–
Mała Street in
Warsaw 's
Praga-Północ district used for filming of The Pianist.
11.
Academy Award for Best Actor
–
The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actor
–
Emil Jannings (center) was the first winner in this category for his roles in 1928's
The Last Command and 1927's
The Way of All Flesh.
Academy Award for Best Actor
–
Warner Baxter won in 1928 for his performance in
In Old Arizona.
Academy Award for Best Actor
–
George Arliss won in 1929 for his performance in
Disraeli.
Academy Award for Best Actor
–
Lionel Barrymore won in 1930 for his performance in
A Free Soul.
12.
The Thin Red Line (1998 film)
–
The Thin Red Line is a 1998 American ensemble epic war film written and directed by Terrence Malick. Based on the novel by James Jones, it tells a version of the Battle of Mount Austen. The film marked Malicks return to filmmaking after a 20-year absence and it co-stars Nick Nolte, Adrien Brody, George Clooney, John Cusack, Woody Harrelson, Elias Koteas, Jared Leto, John C. Reportedly, the first assembled cut took seven months to edit, by the final cut, footage of performances by Bill Pullman, Lukas Haas, and Mickey Rourke had been removed. The film was scored by Hans Zimmer, and shot by John Toll, principal photography took place in New Zealand, and Australia in the state of Queensland. The film grossed $98 million against its $52 million budget and it won the Golden Bear at the 1999 Berlin International Film Festival. Martin Scorsese ranked it as his favorite film of the 1990s on At the Movies. Gene Siskel called it the greatest contemporary war film Ive seen, a previous film adaptation of the novel was released in 1964. United States Army Private Witt goes AWOL from his unit and lives among the carefree Melanesian natives in the South Pacific and he is found and imprisoned on a troop carrier by First Sergeant Welsh of his company. As they wait in a Navy transport, they contemplate their lives, battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel Tall talks with Brigadier General Quintard about the invasion and its importance. C Company lands on Guadalcanal unopposed and marches to the interior of the island, encountering natives and they arrive near Hill 210, a key Japanese position. The Japanese have placed bunkers at the top of the hill, a brief shelling of the hill begins the next day at dawn. C Company attempts to capture the hill but is repelled by gunfire, among the first killed is one of the platoon leaders, Second Lieutenant Whyte. During the battle, a squad led by Sergeant Keck hides behind a swell safe from fire to wait for reinforcements. Keck reaches for a grenade but accidentally pulls the pin and dies in the process, Lieutenant Colonel Tall orders the company commander, Captain James Staros, to take the bunker by frontal assault, at whatever cost. Staros refuses and Tall decides to join Staros on the front line to see the situation, the Japanese resistance seems to have lessened, and Talls opinion of Staros seems to have been sealed. Private Witt, having been assigned punitively as a bearer, asks to rejoin the company. A small detachment of men performs a reconnaissance mission on Talls orders to determine the strength of the Japanese bunker, Private Bell reports there are five machine guns in the bunker
The Thin Red Line (1998 film)
–
Theatrical release poster
13.
The Village (2004 film)
–
The film is about a village whose inhabitants live in fear of creatures inhabiting the woods beyond it. Like other films written and directed by Shyamalan from the time period. The film received mixed reviews, with critics especially divided about the plausibility, the film gave composer James Newton Howard his fourth Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score. After the funeral of a boy, Lucius Hunt asks the village elders for permission to pass through the woods to get medical supplies from neighboring towns, however. Later, his mother Alice scolds him for wanting to visit the neighboring towns, after Lucius makes a short venture into the woods, the creatures leave warnings in the form of splashes of red paint on all the villagers doors. Meanwhile, Ivy Elizabeth Walker —the blind daughter of the chief Elder, Edward Walker —informs Lucius that she has feelings for him. They arrange to be married, but Noah Percy, a man with an apparent developmental and learning disability, stabs Lucius with a knife. Noah is locked in a room until a decision is made about his fate, Edward goes against the wishes of the other Elders, agreeing to let Ivy pass through the forest and seek medicine for Lucius. He also explains that the costumes are based upon tales of real creatures who lived in the woods. Ivy and two men are sent into the forest, but both protectors abandon Ivy almost immediately, believing the creatures will kill them, but spare her out of pity. While traveling through the forest, one of the creatures suddenly attacks Ivy and she tricks it into falling into a deep hole to its death. However, the creature is actually Noah wearing one of the found in the room where he had been locked away after stabbing Lucius. Ivy eventually finds her way to the far edge of the woods, after she climbs over the wall, a park ranger named Kevin spots Ivy and is shocked to hear that she has come out of the woods. The woods are actually the Walker Wildlife Preserve, named for Ivys family, Ivy asks for help and gives Kevin a list of medicines that she must acquire, also giving him a golden pocket watch as payment. During this time, it is revealed that the village was founded in the late 1970s. When they agreed, Covington was built in the middle of a wildlife preserve purchased with Edwards family fortune, Kevin secretly retrieves medicine from his ranger station, and Ivy returns to the village with the supplies, unaware of the truth of the situation. During her absence, the Elders secretly open their boxes, each containing mementos from their lives in the outside world. The Elders gather around Luciuss bed when one of the townsfolk informs them that Ivy has returned, like other Shyamalan productions, this film had high levels of secrecy surrounding it, to protect the expected twist ending that was a known Shyamalan trademark
The Village (2004 film)
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Theatrical release poster
The Village (2004 film)
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The Village
14.
King Kong (2005 film)
–
King Kong is a 2005 epic monster adventure film co-written, produced, and directed by Peter Jackson. A remake of the 1933 film of the name, the film stars Naomi Watts, Jack Black, Adrien Brody. Set in 1933, King Kong tells the story of a filmmaker who coerces his cast. There they encounter Kong, a giant gorilla, whom they capture. Filming for King King took place in New Zealand from September 2004 to March 2005, the projects budget climbed from an initial $150 million to a then-record-breaking $207 million. It was released on December 14,2005 in Germany and on December 16 in the United States and it also generated $100 million in DVD sales upon its home video release. The film garnered positive reviews critics and appeared on several top ten lists for 2005. It was praised for its effects, performances, sense of spectacle. It won three Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects, in 1933, during the Great Depression, New York City vaudeville actress Ann Darrow is hired by financially troubled filmmaker Carl Denham to star in a film. Ann learns her favorite playwright, Jack Driscoll, is the screenwriter, as their tramp steamer, the SS Venture, journeys to the mysterious Skull Island, Ann and Jack fall in love. Captain Englehorn has second thoughts about the voyage, prompted by crewmen Lumpy, deep in the southern waters, the Venture receives a radio message informing Englehorn that there is a warrant for Carls arrest due to his defiance of the studios orders to cease production. The message instructs Englehorn to divert to Rangoon, but the ship becomes lost in fog, Carl and his crew explore the island and are attacked by natives, who kill Carls sound technician as well as one of the sailors. Ann screams as she is captured, and a roar is heard beyond the wall. The matriarch of the tribe targets Ann, muttering the word Kong, Englehorn kills one of the natives and his crew break up the attack and return to the ship. They lighten their load to float off the rocks and carry out repairs, the natives offer Ann as a sacrifice to Kong, a 25 feet tall gorilla. The crew returns armed, but is too late as Kong takes Ann, Ann wins Kong over with juggling and dancing, and begins to grasp Kongs intelligence and capacity for emotion. Englehorn organizes a party, led by Hayes and Driscoll. They encounter and kill a Ferrucutus, the rescue party is then caught in the middle of a pack of Venatosaurus saevidicus hunting a herd of Brontosaurus baxteri, and six people are killed, including cameraman Herb
King Kong (2005 film)
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Theatrical release poster
King Kong (2005 film)
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Model used in the production of the 2005 adaption of the King Kong series.
King Kong (2005 film)
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Andy Serkis in his Kong bodysuit.
King Kong (2005 film)
–
The billboard at the
Odeon Leicester Square premiere.
15.
Predators (film)
–
The Predator film series is a science fiction horror film franchise based on a race of fictional extraterrestrials created by Jim Thomas and John Thomas. Produced by 20th Century Fox, the started in 1987 with the film Predator. Related to the franchise are the Alien vs. Predator films, Predator was John McTiernans second studio film as director. The studio hired screenplay writer Shane Black to not only play a role in the film. Jean-Claude Van Damme was originally cast as the creature, the idea being that the physical action star would use his martial arts skills to make the creature an agile. Eventually, Van Damme was removed from the film and replaced by the actor, the predator creatures design is credited to special effects artist Stan Winston. While flying to Japan with Aliens director James Cameron, Winston, Cameron saw what he was drawing and said, I always wanted to see something with mandibles. Winston then included them in his designs, Schwarzenegger recommended Winston after his experience working on The Terminator. The films creature was designed with a long neck, a dog-like head. This design was abandoned when it became apparent that the locations would make shooting the complex design too difficult. Originally, the studio contracted the makeup effects for the alien from Richard Edlunds Boss Film Creature Shop, the design did not work in the jungle locations. After six weeks of shooting in the jungles of Palenque, Mexico and this took eight months and then filming resumed for five weeks. The sound of the creature was provided by Peter Cullen, despite his resolution not to voice any more monsters following injuries to his throat sustained during the ADR of King Kong, his agent convinced him to audition. The bubbling sound was inspired by a mixture of the visual of the creature, r/Greenberg Associates created the films optical effects, including the creatures ability to become invisible, its thermal vision point-of-view, its glowing blood, and the electric spark effects. The invisibility effect was achieved by having someone in a red suit the size of the creature. The take was then repeated without the actors using a 30% wider lens on the camera, when the two takes were combined optically, a vague outline of the alien could be seen with the background scenery bending around its shape. For the thermal vision, infrared film could not be used because it did not register in the range of body temperature wavelengths, the glowing blood was achieved by green liquid from chem-lite sticks used by campers. The electrical sparks were rotoscoped animation using white paper pin registered on portable light tables to black-and-white prints of the film frames, the drawings were composited by the optical crew for the finished effects
Predators (film)
–
Predator Trilogy Blu-Ray (2010)
Predators (film)
16.
Wes Anderson
–
Wesley Wales Wes Anderson is an American film director, film producer, screenwriter, and actor. His films are known for their visual and narrative style. He received his first Academy Award nomination for Best Director and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy for The Grand Budapest Hotel in 2014 and he also received the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay in 2015. His films are produced under his American Empirical Pictures banner, Anderson is regarded by many as a modern-day example of the auteur. Wesley Wales Anderson was born on May 1,1969, in Houston, Texas, the son of Texas Ann, a realtor and archaeologist, and Melver Leonard Anderson and he is the second of three boys, his parents divorced when he was eight. His elder brother, Mel, is a physician, and his brother, Eric Chase Anderson, is a writer and artist whose paintings. Anderson is of Swedish and Norwegian ancestry and he graduated from St. Johns School in Houston in 1987, which he later used as a prominent location throughout Rushmore. As a child, Anderson made silent films on his fathers Super 8 camera, starring his brothers and friends, Anderson attended college while working part-time as a cinema projectionist. He graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a degree in philosophy in 1990, Andersons first film was Bottle Rocket, based on a short film that he made with Luke and Owen Wilson. It was a crime caper about a group of young Texans aspiring to achieve major heists and it was well reviewed but performed poorly at the box office. Andersons next film was Rushmore, a comedy about a high school students crush on an elementary school teacher starring Bill Murray. Murray has since appeared in every Anderson film to date, in 2000, filmmaker Martin Scorsese praised Bottle Rocket and Rushmore. The Royal Tenenbaums was Andersons next comedy-drama film, about a successful artistic New York City family and it represented his greatest success until Moonrise Kingdom in 2012, earning more than $50 million in domestic box office receipts. The Royal Tenenbaums was nominated for an Academy Award and ranked by an Empire poll as the 159th greatest film ever made, Andersons next feature was The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou about a Jacques Cousteau-esque documentary filmmaker played by Bill Murray. It serves as a example of Andersons style, but its critical reception was less favorable than his previous films. They offered Anderson their soundtrack services for his The Darjeeling Limited, the Darjeeling Limited was about three emotionally distant brothers traveling together on a train in India. It reflected the dramatic tone of The Royal Tenenbaums but faced criticisms similar to The Life Aquatic. Anderson has acknowledged that he went to India to film the 2007 movie, the film starred Anderson staples Jason Schwartzman and Owen Wilson in addition to Adrien Brody, and the script was co-written by Anderson, Schwartzman, and Roman Coppola
Wes Anderson
–
Anderson in 2012
17.
The Darjeeling Limited
–
The film was released on October 26,2007 by Fox Searchlight Pictures. The film received favorable reviews from critics and earned $35 million on a $17.5 million budget. A businessman in India fails to catch his train — called The Darjeeling Limited — as it pulls out of a station, he is beaten to it by a younger man, Peter Whitman. Peter reunites with brothers Francis and Jack on board, the three having not seen each other since their fathers funeral a year prior, Francis has recently survived a near-fatal motorcycle accident, and thus wishes to reconnect with his brothers on a journey of spiritual self-discovery. With the help of his assistant, Brendan, Francis draws up an itinerary for the trip. The three also continue to grieve over their fathers death, carrying bags and suitcases marked with his initials, the train takes the brothers through the countryside and to various Hindu temples, though animosity builds as Jack and Peter become annoyed with Francis controlling behavior. During the trip, Jack makes calls to listen to messages left on his ex-girlfriends answering machine, Francis eventually reveals that they will be meeting with their mother, who has become a nun living in a convent in the Himalayas. Peter and Jack are upset, knowing that they wouldnt have come if Francis had told this earlier, the tension finally comes to a head and the three fight on the train, disturbing the other passengers. The Chief Steward, whom the brothers have repeatedly annoyed, has thrown off with all their luggage. Brendan subsequently quits and returns to the train after giving the boys a letter from their mother, the brothers thus decide to leave India, go their separate ways, and never return. After trekking through the wilderness, the brothers see three young boys fall into a river while attempting to pull a raft across it, Jack and Francis rescue two of the boys, but Peter fails to save the third, who dies. They carry the back to the boys village, where they spend the night and are warmly treated. It is revealed that their fathers death was a result of him being hit by a taxi, and that their mother did not attend the funeral. Back in the present, the brothers arrive at the airport, but just as they are about to board the plane and they then reach the convent, where their mother is surprised but happy to see them. That night, after the brothers confront their mother for abandoning them, the brothers awake the next morning to find their mother gone, leaving them their breakfast. They decide not to wait for her to return, at the station, the three brothers run for another train called Bengal Lancer and gleefully discard all their fathers suitcases and bags to catch it. On board, Francis offers to return Peter and Jack their passports, Anderson has revealed that The River by Jean Renoir, the films of Satyajit Ray and documentaries on India by Louis Malle were his inspirations for this movie. The film was dedicated to Ray and makes allusions to him, much of the film was shot in Jodhpur, Rajasthan
The Darjeeling Limited
–
Theatrical release poster
18.
Fantastic Mr. Fox (film)
–
Fantastic Mr. Fox is a 2009 American stop-motion animated comedy film based on Roald Dahls childrens novel of the same name. The film is about a fox who steals food each night from three mean and wealthy farmers. They are fed up with Mr. Foxs theft and try to kill him, so they dig their way into the foxes home, for director Wes Anderson, it was his first animated film and first film adaptation. Development on the began in 2004 as collaboration between Anderson and Henry Selick under Revolution Studios. In 2007, Revolution folded, Selick left to direct Coraline, production began in London in 2007. It was released on November 13,2009 to positive reviews, while raiding Berks Squab Farm, Mr. Fox and his wife Felicity trigger a fox trap and become caged. Felicity reveals to Fox that she is pregnant and pleads him to find a safer job if they escape. Fox rather reluctantly agrees to her plea, two years later, the Foxes and their sullen son Ash are living in a hole. Fox, now a newspaper columnist, moves the family into a home in the base of a tree. The tree is located close to facilities run by three farmers, Walter Boggis, Nathan Bunce, and Franklin Bean. Soon after the Foxes move in, Felicitys nephew Kristofferson Silverfox comes to live with them, longing for his days as a thief, Fox and his friend Kylie Opossum, the trees superintendent, steal produce and poultry from the three farms. Angered, the farmers decide to kill Fox and they camp out near his home. When Fox emerges, the open fire, but only shoot off his tail. They then attempt to dig Fox out, after demolishing the site of the tree, the farmers discover the Foxes have dug an escape tunnel. Reasoning that the Foxes will have to surface for food and water eventually, underground, Felicity is upset that Fox returned to his thieving ways. The group later encounters Badger and many other animal residents whose homes have also been destroyed by the farmers. As the animals begin fearing starvation, Fox leads Badger, Mole, Beaver, while the other animals feast, Ash and Kristofferson begin to reconcile after Kristofferson defends Ash from Beavers son. The cousins return to Beans farm, intending to reclaim Mr. Foxs tail, when they are interrupted by the arrival of Beans wife, Ash escapes, but Kristofferson is captured
Fantastic Mr. Fox (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
19.
The Grand Budapest Hotel
–
The Grand Budapest Hotel is an 2014 comedy film written and directed by Wes Anderson, from a story by Anderson and Hugo Guinness, inspired by the writings of Stefan Zweig. Featuring an ensemble cast, it stars Ralph Fiennes as a concierge who teams up with one of his employees to prove his innocence after he is framed for murder, the film is an American-German-British co-production that was financed by German financial companies and film-funding organizations. The Grand Budapest Hotel was released to acclaim from film critics. The film led the BAFTA nominations, with its 11 nominations including Best Film and Best Director for Anderson, the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and garnered three more Golden Globe Award nominations, including Best Director for Anderson. It also garnered nine Academy Award nominations, joining Birdman with the most for the ceremony, including Best Picture and it won the Academy Awards for Best Costume Design, Best Makeup and Hairstyling, Best Production Design and Best Original Score. The narrative takes the form of a story within a story within a story, the Author begins narrating the tale from his desk in 1985 to a TV film crew about a trip he made to the Grand Budapest Hotel in 1968. Many of its lustrous facilities are now in a state of repair. The Author encounters the hotels concierge, Monsieur Jean, and elderly owner, Zero Moustafa, one afternoon, and they agree to meet later that evening. Over dinner in the enormous dining room, Mr. Moustafa tells him the tale of how he took ownership of the hotel. Part 1 – M. Gustave The story begins in 1932 during the glory days when the young Zero was a lobby boy, freshly arrived in Zubrowka after his hometown was razed. Zero befriends and eventually proposes to Agatha, who is a pastry chef. Zubrowka being on the verge of war is of concern to Monsieur Gustave H. the Grand Budapests devoted concierge. The owner of the hotel is unknown and only relays important messages through the lawyer Deputy Kovacs. When he is not attending to the needs of the wealthy clientele or managing its staff. One of the ladies is Madame Céline Villeneuve Desgoffe und Taxis, one month later, Gustave is informed that Madame D has died. This enrages her family, all of whom hoped to inherit it and her son, Dmitri Desgoffe und Taxis, lashes out at Gustave. With the help of Zero, Gustave steals the painting and returns to the Grand Budapest, during the journey, Gustave makes a pact with Zero, in return for the latters help, he makes Zero his heir. Shortly thereafter, Gustave is arrested and imprisoned for the murder of Madame D after forced testimony by Serge X, Madame Ds butler, Gustave tells Zero he has an alibi for the night Madame D was killed but could never cite his aristocratic lady bedmistress in court
The Grand Budapest Hotel
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Theatrical release poster
The Grand Budapest Hotel
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Palace Bristol Hotel in Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad)
The Grand Budapest Hotel
–
Jelení skok (stag jump) near Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), with the Hotel Imperial in the background
20.
Woodhaven, Queens
–
Woodhaven is a middle-class neighborhood located in the central section of the New York City borough of Queens. Woodhaven, once known as Woodville, has one of the greatest tree populations in the borough and is known for its proximity to the trails of Forest Park. It retains the feel of bygone days and is home to people of many different ethnicities. Woodhaven is bordered on the north by the public Forest Park, Woodhaven also borders Richmond Hill to the east, and Ozone Park to the south at Atlantic Avenue. Its western border is the borough of Brooklyn, the ethnically diverse neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 9. Woodhaven is served by New York City Department of Education School District #27, the Wisconsin Glacier retreated from Long Island some 20,000 years ago, leaving behind the hills to the north of Woodhaven that now are part of Forest Park, the third largest park in Queens. Southern Woodhaven is mostly flat, while northern Woodhaven gradually rises to about 105 feet as it approaches Forest Park, european settlement in Woodhaven began in the mid-18th century as a small town that revolved around farming, with the Ditmar, Lott, Wyckoff, Suydam and Snediker families. Later, Woodhaven became the site of two racetracks, the Union Course and the Centerville, Union Course was a nationally famous racetrack situated in the area now bounded by 78th Street, 82nd Street, Jamaica Avenue and Atlantic Avenue. The Union Course was the site of the first skinned—or dirt—racing surface and these courses were originally without grandstands. The custom of conducting a single, four-mile race consisting of as many heats as were necessary to determine a winner, match races between horses from the South against those from the North drew crowds as high as 70,000. Several hotels were built in the area to accommodate the racing crowds, a Connecticut Yankee, John R. Pitkin, developed the eastern area as a workers village and named it Woodville. In 1853, he launched a newspaper and that same year, the residents petitioned for a local post office. To avoid confusion with a Woodville located upstate, the agreed to change the name to Woodhaven. The original boundaries extended as far south as Liberty Avenue, two Frenchmen named Charles Lalance and Florian Grosjean launched the village as a manufacturing community in 1863, by opening a tin factory and improving the process of tin stamping. Since 1894, Woodhavens local newspaper has been the Leader-Observer, St. Matthews Episcopal Church, a church at 85-45 96th Street, has a parish hall dates to 1907. The church was built between 1926 and 1927 in the Late Gothic Revival style, designed by the architect Robert F. Schirmer and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. Located behind St. Matthews is the separately listed Wyckoff-Snediker Family Cemetery, the Forest Park Carousel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The distinctive St. Anthonys Mansion stood on a tract of land on Woodhaven Boulevard between 89th and 91st Avenues
Woodhaven, Queens
–
Woodhaven Boulevard
Woodhaven, Queens
–
Episcopal Church of St Matthew
Woodhaven, Queens
–
Addisleigh Park
21.
Photographer
–
A photographer is a person who makes photographs. As in other arts, the definitions of amateur and professional are not entirely categorical, a professional photographer is likely to take photographs to make money, by salary or through the display, sale or use of those photographs. An amateur photographer may take photographs for pleasure and to record an event, emotion, place, as a person without a monetary motivation. A professional photographer may be an employee, for example of a newspaper, or may contract to cover a planned event such as a wedding or graduation. Others, including paparazzi and fine art photographers, are freelancers, first making a picture, some workers, such as crime scene detectives, estate agents, journalists and scientists, make photographs as part of other work. Photographers who produce moving rather than still pictures are often called cinematographers, videographers or camera operators, an amateur may make considerable sums entering work in contests for prize money or through occasional inclusion of their work in magazines or the archive of a photo agency. The term professional may also imply preparation, for example, by academic study, Photographers are also categorized based on the subjects they photograph. Some photographers explore subjects typical of such as landscape, still life. The exclusive right of photographers to copy and use their products is protected by copyright, countless industries purchase photographs for use in publications and on products. This is usually referred to as usage fee and is used to distinguish from production fees, an additional contract and royalty would apply for each additional use of the photograph. The contract may be for one year, or other duration. The photographer usually charges a royalty as well as a one-time fee, the contract may be for non-exclusive use of the photograph or for exclusive use of the photograph. The contract can also stipulate that the photographer is entitled to audit the company for determination of royalty payments. A royalty is also based on the size at which the photo will be used in a magazine or book. Photos taken by a photographer working on assignment are often work for hire belonging to the company or publication unless stipulated otherwise by contract. There are major companies who have maintained catalogues of stock photography and images for decades, such as Getty Images, commercial photographers may also promote their work to advertising and editorial art buyers via printed and online marketing vehicles. Many people upload their photographs to social networking websites and other websites and those interested in legal precision may explicitly release them to the public domain or under a free content license. Some sites, including Wikimedia Commons, are punctilious about licenses, the dictionary definition of photographer at Wiktionary Media related to Photographers at Wikimedia Commons
Photographer
–
2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships photographer stand.
Photographer
–
A group of photographers taking photographs of retired footballer
Franz Beckenbauer.
Photographer
–
Nature photographer Urmas Tartes working on an outdoor environment.
Photographer
–
A photographer (
Douglas Osheroff) setting up a shot with the aid of a
tripod.
22.
Professor
–
Professor is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a person who professes being usually an expert in arts or sciences, in much of the world, the unqualified word professor is used formally to indicate the highest academic rank, informally known as full professor. Professors conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, graduate, or professional courses in their fields of expertise, in universities with graduate schools, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a thesis or dissertation. Professors typically hold a Ph. D. another doctorate or a different terminal degree, some professors hold a masters degree or a professional degree, such as an M. D. as their highest degree. The term professor was first used in the late 14th century to one who teaches a branch of knowledge. As a title that is prefixed to a name, it dates from 1706, the hort form prof is recorded from 1838. The term professor is used with a different meaning, ne professing religion. This canting use of the word comes down from the Elizabethan period, a professor is an accomplished and recognized academic. In most Commonwealth nations, as well as northern Europe, the professor is the highest academic rank at a university. In the United States and Canada, the title of professor is also the highest rank, in these areas, professors are scholars with doctorate degrees or equivalent qualifications who teach in four-year colleges and universities. An emeritus professor is a given to selected retired professors with whom the university wishes to continue to be associated due to their stature. Emeritus professors do not receive a salary, but they are often given office or lab space, and use of libraries, labs, the term professor is also used in the titles assistant professor and associate professor, which are not considered professor-level positions in some European countries. In Australia, the associate professor is used in place of reader, ranking above senior lecturer. However, such professors usually do not undertake academic work for the granting institution, in general, the title of professor is strictly used for academic positions rather than for those holding it on honorary basis. Other roles of professorial tasks depend on the institution, its legacy, protocols, place, a professor typically earns a base salary and a range of benefits. In addition, a professor who undertakes additional roles in her institution earns additional income, some professors also earn additional income by moonlighting in other jobs, such as consulting, publishing academic or popular press books, or giving speeches or coaching executives. Some fields give professors more opportunities for outside work, the anticipated average earnings with performance-related bonuses for a German professor is €71,500. The salaries of civil servant professors in Spain are fixed in a basis, but there are some bonus related to performance and seniority
Professor
–
A science professor lecturing to university students.
Professor
–
The Ancient Greek philosopher
Socrates was one of the earliest recorded professors.
23.
Painting
–
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface. The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, Painting is a mode of creative expression, and the forms are numerous. Drawing, gesture, composition, narration, or abstraction, among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive, Paintings can be naturalistic and representational, photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic, emotive, or political in nature. A portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by motifs and ideas. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action, the term painting is also used outside of art as a common trade among craftsmen and builders. What enables painting is the perception and representation of intensity, every point in space has different intensity, which can be represented in painting by black and white and all the gray shades between. In practice, painters can articulate shapes by juxtaposing surfaces of different intensity, thus, the basic means of painting are distinct from ideological means, such as geometrical figures, various points of view and organization, and symbols. In technical drawing, thickness of line is ideal, demarcating ideal outlines of an object within a perceptual frame different from the one used by painters. Color and tone are the essence of painting as pitch and rhythm are the essence of music, color is highly subjective, but has observable psychological effects, although these can differ from one culture to the next. Black is associated with mourning in the West, but in the East, some painters, theoreticians, writers and scientists, including Goethe, Kandinsky, and Newton, have written their own color theory. Moreover, the use of language is only an abstraction for a color equivalent, the word red, for example, can cover a wide range of variations from the pure red of the visible spectrum of light. There is not a register of different colors in the way that there is agreement on different notes in music. For a painter, color is not simply divided into basic, painters deal practically with pigments, so blue for a painter can be any of the blues, phthalocyanine blue, Prussian blue, indigo, cobalt, ultramarine, and so on. Psychological and symbolical meanings of color are not, strictly speaking, colors only add to the potential, derived context of meanings, and because of this, the perception of a painting is highly subjective. The analogy with music is quite clear—sound in music is analogous to light in painting, shades to dynamics and these elements do not necessarily form a melody of themselves, rather, they can add different contexts to it. Modern artists have extended the practice of painting considerably to include, as one example, collage, some modern painters incorporate different materials such as sand, cement, straw or wood for their texture. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet and Anselm Kiefer, there is a growing community of artists who use computers to paint color onto a digital canvas using programs such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel Painter, and many others. These images can be printed onto traditional canvas if required, rhythm is important in painting as it is in music
Painting
–
The
Mona Lisa, by
Leonardo da Vinci, is one of the most recognizable paintings in the world.
Painting
–
Chen Hongshou (1598–1652), Leaf album painting (
Ming Dynasty)
Painting
–
Circus Sideshow (
French: Parade de cirque),
Georges Seurat, 1887–88
Painting
–
Cave painting of aurochs, (
French: Bos primigenius primigenius),
Lascaux,
France,
prehistoric art
24.
Poles
–
The Poles are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language. The population of Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of a population of 38,538,000. Polands population inhabits several historic regions, including Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Mazovia, Silesia, Pomerania, Kuyavia, Warmia, Masuria, a wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Europe, the Americas and in Australasia. Today the largest urban concentration of Poles is the Katowice urban agglomeration of 2.7 million inhabitants, Poland was also for centuries a refuge for many Jews from all over Europe, a large number emigrated in the twentieth century to Israel. Several prominent Israeli statesmen were born in Poland, including Israels founder David Ben-Gurion, former President of Israel Shimon Peres, the Slavic people have been in the territory of modern Poland for over 1500 years. In the 9th and 10th centuries the tribes gave rise to developed regions along the upper Vistula, the last tribal undertaking resulted in the 10th century in a lasting political structure and state, Poland, one of the West Slavic nations. After 1945 the so-called autochthonous or aboriginal school of Polish prehistory received official backing in Poland, Polish people are the sixth largest national group in the European Union. Estimates vary depending on source, though available data suggest a number of around 60 million people worldwide. There are almost 38 million Poles in Poland alone, there are also Polish minorities in the surrounding countries including Germany, and indigenous minorities in the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Belarus. There are some smaller indigenous minorities in nearby countries such as Moldova, the term Polonia is usually used in Poland to refer to people of Polish origin who live outside Polish borders, officially estimated at around 10 to 20 million. There is a notable Polish diaspora in the United States, Brazil, France has a historic relationship with Poland and has a relatively large Polish-descendant population. Poles have lived in France since the 18th century, in the early 20th century, over a million Polish people settled in France, mostly during world wars, among them Polish émigrés fleeing either Nazi occupation or later Soviet rule. In the United States, a significant number of Polish immigrants settled in Chicago, Ohio, Detroit, New York City, Orlando, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, the highest concentration of Polish Americans in a single New England municipality is in New Britain, Connecticut. The majority of Polish Canadians have arrived in Canada since World War II, the number of Polish immigrants increased between 1945 and 1970, and again after the end of Communism in Poland in 1989. In Brazil the majority of Polish immigrants settled in Paraná State, smaller, but significant numbers settled in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo and São Paulo. The city of Curitiba has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world and Polish music, dishes and it is estimated that over half a million Polish people have come to work in the United Kingdom from Poland. Since 2011, Poles have been able to work throughout the EU and not just in the United Kingdom, Ireland. The Polish community in Norway has increased substantially and has grown to a number of 120,000
Poles
–
Stańczyk at a Ball at Queen Bona's Court, by
Matejko, 1862
Poles
–
Nicolaus Copernicus
Poles
–
Marie Skłodowska Curie
Poles
–
Rudolf Stefan Weigl
25.
Jews
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
Jews
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Baruch Spinoza
Jews
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Map of
Canaan
Jews
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David Ben-Gurion
Jews
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George Gershwin
26.
Catholicism
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The use of terms catholicism and catholicity is closely related to the use of term Catholic Church. The earliest evidence of the use of term is the Letter to the Smyrnaeans that Ignatius of Antioch wrote in about 108 to Christians in Smyrna. In 380, Emperor Theodosius I limited use of the term Catholic Christian exclusively to those who followed the faith as Pope Damasus I of Rome. Numerous other early writers including Cyril of Jerusalem, Augustine of Hippo further developed the use of the term catholic in relation to Christianity. In Christian theology, and specially in ecclesiology, terms Catholicism, when used with small c, terms catholicism and catholicity generally designate theological doctrine of the catholicity of the Church without denominational connotations. A common belief in Catholicism is institutional continuity with the early Christian church founded by Jesus Christ, many churches or communions of churches identify singularly or collectively as the authentic church. The Bishop of Rome was also considered to have the right to convene ecumenical councils, when the Imperial capital moved to Constantinople, Romes influence was sometimes challenged. The first great rupture in the Church followed this Council and they are often called Ancient Oriental Churches. The next major break was after the Council of Chalcedon and this Council repudiated Eutychian Monophysitism which stated that the divine nature completely subsumed the human nature in Christ. This Council declared that Christ, though one person, exhibited two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation and thus is both fully God and fully human, the next great rift within Christianity was in the 11th century. This division between the Western Church and the Eastern Church is called the East–West Schism, several eastern churches reunited, constituting some of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Liturgical and canonical practices vary between all these particular Churches constituting the Roman and Eastern Catholic Churches, in all these cases the beliefs and practices of Catholicism would be identical with the beliefs and practices of the Church in question. However, in Roman Catholicism, the term catholic is understood as to cover those who recognize and are in standing with the Magisterium. The sense given to the word by those who use it to distinguish their position from a Calvinistic or Puritan form of Protestantism. It is then meaningful to attempt to draw up a list of common characteristic beliefs, the Roman Catholic Church includes the 23 rites who recognize the Magisterium. Belief in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist, the belief that Christ is made manifest in the elements of Holy Communion, possession of the threefold ordained ministry of Bishops, Priests and Deacons. Belief that the Church is the vessel and deposit of the fullness of the teachings of Jesus and this teaching is preserved in both written scripture and in unwritten tradition, neither being independent of the other. A belief in the necessity and efficacy of sacraments, liturgical and personal use of the Sign of the Cross The use of sacred images, candles, vestments and music, and often incense and water, in worship
Catholicism
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Ruins of gothic Catholic church in
Liptovská Mara (
Slovakia).
Catholicism
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Ancient statue of
Saint Peter in the Basilica dedicated to him in the
Vatican.
Catholicism
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An
Italian priest during the sacrament of
Baptism
27.
Budapest
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Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary, one of the largest cities in the European Union and sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary. It has an area of 525 square kilometres and a population of about 1.8 million within the limits in 2016. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the Danube river with the unification of Buda and Óbuda on the west bank, the history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia. Hungarians arrived in the territory in the 9th century and their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–1242. The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century, following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule, the region entered a new age of prosperity, and Budapest became a global city after its unification in 1873. It also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a power that dissolved in 1918. Budapest was the point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Republic of Councils in 1919, the Battle of Budapest in 1945. Budapest is an Alpha- global city, with strengths in arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts the Budapest Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks and it is the highest ranked Central and Eastern European city on Innovation Cities Top 100 index. Budapest attracts 4.4 million international tourists per year, making it the 25th most popular city in the world, further famous landmarks include Andrássy Avenue, St. It has around 80 geothermal springs, the worlds largest thermal water system, second largest synagogue. Budapest is home to the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College, over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including the Eötvös Loránd University, Central European University and Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Budapest is the combination of the city names Buda and Pest, One of the first documented occurrences of the combined name Buda-Pest was in 1831 in the book Világ, written by Count István Széchenyi. The origins of the names Buda and Pest are obscure, according to chronicles from the Middle Ages, the name Buda comes from the name of its founder, Bleda, brother of the Hunnic ruler Attila. The theory that Buda was named after a person is also supported by modern scholars, an alternative explanation suggests that Buda derives from the Slavic word вода, voda, a translation of the Latin name Aquincum, which was the main Roman settlement in the region. There are also theories about the origin of the name Pest. One of the states that the word Pest comes from the Roman times. According to another theory, Pest originates from the Slavic word for cave, or oven, the first settlement on the territory of Budapest was built by Celts before 1 AD
Budapest
Budapest
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From top, left to right:
Hungarian Parliament,
Fisherman's Bastion,
Sándor Palace guard,
Heroes' Square,
National Theatre,
St. Stephen's Basilica and
Széchenyi Chain Bridge by night
Budapest
Budapest
28.
Hungary
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Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken language in Europe. Hungarys capital and largest metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Győr. His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000, converting the country to a Christian kingdom, by the 12th century, Hungary became a middle power within the Western world, reaching a golden age by the 15th century. Hungarys current borders were established in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon after World War I, when the country lost 71% of its territory, 58% of its population, following the interwar period, Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. Hungary became a state of the Soviet Union, which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship. On 23 October 1989, Hungary became again a democratic parliamentary republic, in the 21st century, Hungary is a middle power and has the worlds 57th largest economy by nominal GDP, as well as the 58th largest by PPP, out of 188 countries measured by the IMF. As a substantial actor in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds 36th largest exporter and importer of goods, Hungary is a high-income economy with a very high standard of living. It keeps up a security and universal health care system. Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and part of the Schengen Area since 2007, Hungary is a member of the United Nations, NATO, WTO, World Bank, the AIIB, the Council of Europe and Visegrád Group. Well known for its cultural history, Hungary has been contributed significantly to arts, music, literature, sports and science. Hungary is the 11th most popular country as a tourist destination in Europe and it is home to the largest thermal water cave system, the second largest thermal lake in the world, the largest lake in Central Europe, and the largest natural grasslands in Europe. The H in the name of Hungary is most likely due to historical associations with the Huns. The rest of the word comes from the Latinized form of Medieval Greek Oungroi, according to an explanation the Greek name was borrowed from Proto-Slavic Ǫgǔri, in turn borrowed from Oghur-Turkic Onogur. Onogur was the name for the tribes who later joined the Bulgar tribal confederacy that ruled the eastern parts of Hungary after the Avars. The Hungarians likely belonged to the Onogur tribal alliance and it is possible they became its ethnic majority. The Hungarian endonym is Magyarország, composed of magyar and ország, the word magyar is taken from the name of one of the seven major semi-nomadic Hungarian tribes, magyeri
Hungary
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Italian fresco depicting a Hungarian warrior shooting backwards
Hungary
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Flag
Hungary
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Hungarian raids in the 10th century
Hungary
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King
Saint Stephen, the first
King of Hungary, converted the nation to Christianity
29.
History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
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Jews in Bohemia, todays Czech Republic, are predominantly Ashkenazic Jews, and the current Jewish population is only a fraction of the pre-WWII Czechoslovakias Jewish population. As of 2005, there were approximately 4,000 Jews living in the Czech Republic, there are ten small Jewish communities all around the country. The umbrella organisation for the Jewish communities in the country is the Federation of Jewish Communities, services have been held in Prague and some other cities. As part of the original Czechoslovakia, and before that the Austro-Hungarian Empire the Jews had an association with this part of Europe. Throughout the last thousand years there have emerged over 600 Jewish communities in the Kingdom of Bohemia, according to the 1930 census, Czechoslovakia had a Jewish population of 356,830. Most Slovak Jews were deported by the pro-Nazi Slovak Fascist government directly to Auschwitz, Treblinka, and other extermination camps, where they were murdered. Most Czech Jews were initially deported by the German occupiers with the help of local Czech Nazi collaborators to Terezin, known in German as Theresienstadt concentration camp, however many Czechoslovakian children were rescued by Kindertransport and escaped to the United Kingdom and other Allied countries. Some were reunited with their families after the war while many lost parents, Jews are believed to have settled in Prague as early as the 10th century. The 16th century was an age for Jewry in Prague. One of the famous Jewish scholars of the time was Judah Loew ben Bezalel known as the Maharal and he is buried at the Old Jewish Cemetery in Josefov, and his grave with its tombstone intact, can still be visited. It is said that the body of Golem lies in the attic of the Old New Synagogue where the genizah of Pragues community is kept, in 1708, Jews accounted for one-quarter of Prague’s population
History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
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Gustav Mahler
History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
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Jewish communities associated under the Federation of Jewish communities and their administration within the Czech Republic, 2008
History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
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Wilhelm Steinitz
30.
Summer camp
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Summer camp is a supervised program for children or teenagers conducted during the summer months in some countries. Children and adolescents who attend summer camp are known as campers, for example, there are camps for the performing arts, music, magic, computers, language learning, mathematics, children with special needs, and weight loss. In 2006, the American Camp Association reported that 75 percent of camps added new programs and this is largely to counter a trend in decreasing enrollment in summer camps, which some argue to have been brought about by smaller family sizes and the growth in supplemental educational programs. There are also religiously affiliated summer camps, such as run by Christian groups. The primary purpose of many camps is educational or cultural development, a summer camp environment may allow children to take healthy risks in a safe and nurturing environment. In most camps, the supervisors are called counselors. Counselors often share living accommodations with their group, in the United States counselors for residential camps are typically drawn from older teens and college-aged adults because of the temporary, seasonal aspects of the work. Overall camp supervision is typically done by older camp directors, etc. that have longer term affiliation with the summer camp, professional camp staff organize preparation of facilities and supplies for the camp season and supervise the maintenance of the camp during the off-season. Camp directors conduct the hiring of seasonal counselors, instructors, and support staff, at some camps, all campers stay overnight, and at some camps, also known as day camps, the campers go home each night. Some other camps allow both day and overnight campers, in the USA, residential camps that have overnight facilities are sometimes called sleepaway camps. Summer camp is often the first time children spend an extended period of time away from home. The American camps seem to have developed from a different cultural root. Most children participate in School-camps, Girl Guide/scout camps, or school holiday camps with some religious groups holding week-long Summer Camps, Girl Guides and Scouts offer jamborees which are camps over 1 to 2 weeks. Multiple-week camps are next to unheard of, many of Australias youth music organisations hold annual rehearsal camps in summer including the Australian Youth Orchestras National Music Camp and Gondwana Choirs Gondwana National Choral School. Other than the Seventh-Day Adventist Summer Camps, most holiday camps are referred to as Adventure Camps, many groups hold holiday day-camps for Primary aged children, and often run week-long adventure camps during the Spring, Autumn and Winter breaks. However, these camps often last only one or two weeks and thus do not fill up the majority of the holiday break. This allows the Cadets to attend the camps whilst still completing normal schooling, in Canada, summer camps are very popular. About 70% of Canadian camps tend to be affiliated with organizations, there are also many summer camps for ESL students
Summer camp
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Attendees of summer camps often enjoy outdoor activities in lakes.
Summer camp
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Children in a Montreal's summer camp, July 1941
Summer camp
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Children swimming at an
Indiana church camp.
Summer camp
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The first American summer camp is the Gunnery Camp in 1861
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