1.
Miami
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
2.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
3.
Metromover
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Metromover is a free mass transit automated people mover train system operated by Miami-Dade Transit in Miami, Florida, United States. Metromover serves the Downtown Miami, Brickell, Park West and Omni neighborhoods, Metromover connects directly with Metrorail at Government Center and Brickell stations. It also connects to Metrobus with dedicated bus loops at Government Center and it originally began service to the Downtown/Inner Loop on April 17,1986, and was later expanded with the Omni and Brickell Loop extensions on May 26,1994. The Metromover serves primarily as a way to travel within the greater Downtown Miami neighborhoods. The system is composed of three loops and 21 stations, the stations are located approximately two blocks away from each other, and connect near all major buildings and places in the Downtown area. Together with Metrorail, the system has seen steady ridership growth per annum, in 1987, the then just one year old people mover system set a record in daily ridership of 33,053 on a Saturday attributed to the new Bayside Marketplace. That same year was when the planning began to extend the system to Brickell and Omni, until November 2002 when the half-penny transit tax was approved, the Metromover had a fare of 25 cents. However, ridership fell with the subsequent economic downturn and high unemployment in the half of the decade. By 2012, ridership had once again increased with population, high gas prices. When the Omni and Brickell extensions were first planned, it was estimated that ridership on the system would reach 43,000 daily by 2000. There are 21 accessible Metromover stations located throughout Downtown Miami and Brickell roughly every two blocks, the Metromover links all of Downtown and Brickells major office buildings, residential buildings, hotels, and retail centers. Major attractions such as the Stephen P, running clockwise, the Downtown Loop serves all Downtown stations except Third Street station. The Outer Loop runs counterclockwise and share tracks around the downtown area, the Brickell loop runs a line into the Brickell area to the south of downtown, while the Omni Loop contains a line with stations in the Omni neighborhood north of Downtown. The inner loop generally runs tandem two car trains while the outer loops only run with single cars, with the often crowded Brickell loop, this may be due to the fact that it has significant grades where it approaches Riverwalk station and crosses the Miami River. Each car can carry over 90 passengers, all loops run from 5 am to just after midnight, from Sunday to Thursday. On Friday and Saturday nights, service is extended until 2 am and this schedule is adjusted during events. Trains on the Inner Loop run in tandem and arrive every 90 seconds during rush hours, Outer Loop trains arrive every 5 to 6 minutes, every 2.5 to 3 minutes where the track is shared. Port of Miami, In May 2011, a study was proposed to analyze the idea of extending the Metromover to the PortMiami and this, with Metrorail and the new MIA Mover would create a direct rail transit link from the airport to the seaport
4.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Performing arts center
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This sort of space has a long history extending to the Roman Colosseum and Greek amphitheatres. The modern version of this came into being only in the 1960s, an example of this type of PAC is the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D. C. which contains nine distinctive performance spaces. Examples of this practice is the Celebrity Series of Boston renting venues in Bostons Boch Center, pACs became a draw for touring shows and eventually included visual art in their facilities. Today, these centers are valuable resources that provide education, access, exchange of creative discourse, opportunities for cultural expression. List of concert halls List of contemporary amphitheatres List of opera houses
7.
U.S. Route 1 in Florida
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U. S. Highway 1 in Florida runs 545 miles along the states east coast from Key West to its crossing of the St. Marys River into Georgia north of Boulogne, and south of Folkston. US1 was designated through Florida when the United States Numbered Highway System was established in 1926, the road is maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation. From its national terminus in Key West, US1 carries the Overseas Highway—the Keys main highway north to the mainland. North of Jacksonville, US1 curves inland towards the St. Marys River as it enters Georgia. /US17 in Jacksonville to the Georgia state line near Boulogne, among other designations, US1 is a designated Blue Star Memorial Highway along its entire route through the state. Markers are placed at locations, including one in Rockledge. US1 officially begins at the Monroe County courthouse at the intersection of Whitehead and Fleming Streets and it proceeds south as Whitehead Street, a two-laned street, until the intersection with Truman Avenue, which takes it east through central Key West. Truman Avenue becomes North Roosevelt Boulevard about a mile east, and remains so until leaving the island, the road follows the northern shore of this section of Key West, then after curving southward, it meets State Road A1A head-on at a T-intersection before continuing east. This intersection also marks the terminus of the Overseas Highway. The highway expands to four lanes as it crosses the Bahia Honda Bridge, after Little Duck Key, US1 enters Knights Key, Boot Key, Key Vaca and the town of Marathon via the Seven Mile Bridge, thus leaving the lower Keys. US1 runs through Marathon as a four-laned road, after Key Vaca, the road becomes two-laned once more and runs through Fat Deer Key, where it forms the northern boundary of the city of Key Colony Beach. It then continues wholly in Marathon through Long Point Key, Crawl Key, the road then crosses to Little Conch Key and then Conch Key, both part of the Duck Key district. US1 then crosses to and traverses Long Key, which is mostly unincorporated except for the city of Layton, the road then reaches Craig Key, and then the village of Islamorada including Lower Matecumbe Key, Tea Table Key, Upper Matecumbe Key and Windley Key. US1 crosses a drawbridge onto Plantation Key, where it expands to four lanes, immediately the Overseas Highway enters Tavernier, where it temporarily splits into a pair of one-way roads through the community. Soon the road enters the community of Key Largo, which features another pair of one-way roads. Signage approaching the intersection directs northbound motorists to take this route if the lights on it are flashing. US1 swings to the northwest, forms the boundary of North Key Largo. After crossing the Jewfish Creek Bridge and travelling along Cross Key, US1 crosses Manatee Creek, along with the Miami-Dade County boundary, for the first 14 miles in Miami-Dade County, US1 is a divided two-lane road bordering the Everglades National Park on the west. It is named South Dixie Highway from the county line to Miami and its first major intersection is with the north end of Card Sound Road south of Florida City
8.
Omni (Miami)
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The Omni, or sometimes labeled as the Media and Entertainment District, is a neighborhood of greater Downtown, Miami, Florida, United States, just south of Edgewater. It is bound roughly by North 24th Street to the north, Interstate 395 to the south, by the Florida East Coast Railway and North East 2nd Avenue to the west, and Biscayne Bay to the east. Omni is an urban, residential neighborhood with many residential towers. Omni is home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the old Miami Herald headquarters, until 2014 it was one of the neighborhoods that hosted the annual Miami International Boat Show at the Sea Isle Marina. The City of Miami Cemetery, one of Miamis oldest cemeteries, is located in Omni, as well as the historic Womens Club. Omni is served by the Omni Loop branch of the Metromover, the area from NE 13th to NE 16th Street was envisioned as a high-end shopping district. By 1930, early tenants in the Shrine Building included the Piggly-Wiggly grocery store, Biscayne-Page Electric Company, other tenants in 1930 were the Home Drug Store and the Burroughs Adding Machine Company. In 1977, the Omni International Mall opened replacing much of the stores with a suburban-style shopping mall. The mall brought many upscale stores to the Omni such as Emilio Pucci, Givenchy, by the 1990s, however, the mall began to falter, and in 1991, Jordan Marsh closed, and in 1998, so did JC Penney. In 2000, the closed, and the area was reconverted into offices in 2007. Today, it houses a few office tenants and the Miami International University of Art and it is also the corporate home of the Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce. The name of the neighborhood today, comes from the name of the Omni Mall, in the 2000s, rapid construction of high-rise residential skyscrapers has revitalized the neighborhood from urban blight. The area around Margaret Pace Park has seen population growth from 2000 to 2010. Omni today has a residential population, and with continued retail. The Metromover connects with Metrorail and is free, there are two Metromover stations in Omni- School Board Station and Adrienne Arsht Center. Transfers can be made to the Metrorail, Miamis heavy rail system, at Government Center, as well as to the Brickell, Metrorail has stops throughout Miami with connections to Miami International Airport, all Miami-Dade County bus lines, Tri-Rail and Amtrak. The main bus station is located in Omni, next to the Arsht Center at the Adrienne Arsht Center station. Many Omni residents get around by foot, bicycle, Metromover or by taxi, bike lanes and bike sharrows are currently planned for the majority of Downtown streets to be painted by the end of 2010
9.
Greater Downtown Miami
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Downtown Miami is an urban city center, based around the Central Business District of Miami, Florida, United States. In addition to the business district, the area also consists of the Brickell Financial District, Historic District, Government Center, Omni. The neighborhood is divided by the Miami River and is bordered by Midtown to the north, Biscayne Bay to the east, Civic Center and Overtown to the west, Brickell Avenue and Biscayne Boulevard are the main north-south roads, and Flagler Street is the main east-west road. Locally known as Downtown, the area is a cultural, financial, greater Downtown is home to many major museums, parks, education centers, banks, company headquarters, courthouses, government offices, theaters, shops and many of the oldest buildings in the city. Downtown Miami is the heart of Miami, and along with Coconut Grove, is the oldest settled area of Miami. Urban development began in the 1890s with the construction of the Florida East Coast Railway by Standard Oil industrialist Henry Flagler down to Miami at the insistence of Julia Tuttle, after New York City and Chicago. Along with Brickell, Downtown has grown from 40,000 residents in 2000, to over 70,000 in 2009 and it was estimated in February 2010, that about 550 new residents move to the Downtown area every month. As of 2009, over 190,000 office employees work in Downtown, Downtown is served by the Miami Metrorail at Historic Overtown/Lyric Theatre, Government Center, and Brickell stations, accessible from Broward and Palm Beach counties via Tri-Rail transfer station. The Metro connects to the Downtown Metromover, which encompasses 22 stations on the clockwise Inner loop and counterclockwise Brickell, Government Center station is Downtowns main station and allows for transfers to all Metromover loops, Metrorail trains, and Metrobus lines at the Stephen P. Clark Government Center. Downtown Miami is centered on the Central business district, best known by local Miamians as simply Downtown, Downtown is bound by NE 6th St to the north, Biscayne Bay to the east, the Miami River to the west and south. Miami Historic District and Government Center are also located within the CBD, Downtown is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at, Government Center Station, and by 13 Metromover stations on the Downtown, Brickell, and Omni Loops. Brickell is south of the Miami River, and is a mixed upper-class residential neighborhood as well as Miamis major financial district along Brickell Avenue, the Shops at Mary Brickell Village and Simpson Park are located within Brickell. Brickell is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at, Brickell Station, Omni is an urban neighborhood with numerous hotels, and high-rise residential buildings. The neighborhoods name comes from the Omni International Mall on Biscayne Boulevard, Omni borders Biscayne Bay the east, NE 2nd Ave to the west, NE 21st St to the north and I-395 to the south. Pace Park, Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, Omni is served by the Miami Metrorail at, Government Center Station, and by two Metromover stations on the Omni Loop. Park West is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at, Historic Overtown/Lyric Theatre Station, the Miami Jewelry District is a sub-neighborhood of Downtown within the Central Business District historically known for its numerous jewelry stores, jewelers and gem dealers. It is where a variety of jeweled products are sold and is one of the three districts in the United States. The Jewelry District can be accessed by public transportation through the Metromover, as of 2010, the population of Downtown Miami was 65,696 people, with a population density of 27,487 per square mile
10.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
11.
Art Deco
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Art Deco, sometimes simply referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. It took its name, short for Arts Decorators, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925 and it combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. It featured rare and expensive materials such as ebony and ivory, the Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York were the most visible monuments of the new style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the became more subdued. New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel and plastic, a more sleek form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s, it featured curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces. Art Deco became one of the first truly international architectural styles, with examples found in European cities, the style came to an end with the beginning of World War II. Deco was replaced as the dominant global style by the functional and unadorned styles of modernism. The term arts décoratifs was first used in France in 1858, in 1868, Le Figaro newspaper used the term art décoratifs with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de lOpéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and glass designers and it took its present name of ENSAD in 1927. The term Art déco was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times, describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major book on the style. Hillier noted that the term was already being used by art dealers and cites The Times, in 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, The World of Art Deco. The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, the term arts décoratifs had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs, or SAD, was founded in 1901, a similar movement developed in Italy. The first international exhibition devoted entirely to the arts, the Esposizione international dArte decorative moderna, was held in Turin in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including Arts et décoration, Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, and later in the Salon dautomne. French nationalism also played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts, in 1911 the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912
12.
Ocean Drive (South Beach)
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Ocean Drive is a major thoroughfare in the South Beach neighborhood of Miami Beach. The road starts at South Pointe just south of 1st Street, near the southernmost end of the barrier island of Miami Beach. Ocean Drive continues north to 15th Street, immediately southeast of Lincoln Road and it is known for its Art Deco hotels. The street is the center of the Miami Art Deco District, streamline Moderne evolved from the Art Deco style, and dominates the street. The street has a named after it, Ocean Drive magazine. British easy-listening duo The Lighthouse Family released a single entitled Ocean Drive, grand Theft Auto, Vice City also based the setting on Miami and has a replica of Ocean Drive with exactly the same name. One of the most famous restaurants on this strip is Mango’s Tropical Café, known for its cabaret and drag queen shows, Palace Bar dedicates itself to the LGBTQ community. Florida, DK Eyewitness Travel Guides,2004, pgs.58 &59 Google historical timeline of Ocean Drive, South Beach, Miami
13.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
14.
Gloria Estefan
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Gloria Estefan is a Cuban-American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She started off her career as the singer in the group called Miami Latin Boys which was eventually known as Miami Sound Machine. Estefans breakthrough success with Conga in 1985 made her known worldwide and it won the grand prix in the 15th annual Tokyo Music Festival in Japan. In the middle of 1988 she and the band got their first number-one hit for the song Anything for You, in March 1990, Estefan had a severe accident in her tour bus. She made her comeback in March 1991 with a new world tour and her 1993 Spanish-language album Mi Tierra won the first of her three Grammy Awards for Best Tropical Latin Album. It was the first number-one album on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and it was also the first Diamond album in Spain. Many of her songs like Rhythm Is Gonna Get You, 1-2-3, Get On Your Feet, Here We Are, Coming Out of the Dark, Bad Boy, party Time and a remake of Vicki Sue Robinsons Turn the Beat Around became international hits, with chart-topping scores. Estefan has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, including 31.5 million in the United States alone and she has won seven Grammy Awards. Estefan also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in 2015, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contributions to American music. Estefan also won an MTV Video Music Award, and two ACE Awards and she was honored with the American Music Award for Lifetime Achievement as well as being named BMI Songwriter of the Year. She was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and has received multiple Billboard Awards and she is also on the list of VH1 top 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, and in Billboards Top 100 Greatest Artists Of All time. Estefan was born Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo García in Havana, Cuba, to José Fajardo and Gloria García, prior to the Cuban Revolution, her father was a Cuban soldier and a bodyguard for the wife of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. The Fajardo family fled to Miami, Florida as a result of the Cuban Revolution, shortly after they moved to the United States, Glorias father joined the US military and fought in the Vietnam War and moved to Houston after his participation in the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. Estefan was raised Catholic and attended St. Michael-Archangel School and Our Lady of Lourdes Academy in Miami, Estefan father became ill after returning from Vietnam and Gloria helped her mother, Gloria Fajardo, care for him. Her mother worked as a schoolteacher for the Dade County Public School system, Gloria Estefan graduated from college in 1979 with a BA in psychology, with a minor in French, from the University of Miami. Estefan became a citizen of the United States in 1974, under the name Gloria Garcia Fajardo. Estefan became romantically involved with the Miami Sound Machines band leader, Emilio Estefan, as she later revealed, he was my first and only boyfriend. She and Emilio married on September 2,1978 and they have a son, Nayib and a daughter Emily
15.
Jeb Bush
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John Ellis Jeb Bush Sr. is an American businessman and politician who served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. Bush, who grew up in Houston, is the son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush. He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and attended the University of Texas, in 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development, and in 1986 became Floridas Secretary of Commerce until 1988. At that time, he joined his fathers campaign for the Presidency. In 1994, Bush made his first run for office, losing the election for governor by less than two points to the incumbent, Lawton Chiles. Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote and he ran for reelection in 2002, defeating Bill McBride and winning with 56 percent, to become Floridas first two-term Republican governor. Bush announced his candidacy on June 15,2015. He suspended his campaign on February 20,2016, shortly after the South Carolina primary, Bush later made headlines by joining a group of Republicans who opposed the GOP nominee for President, Donald Trump. Jeb Bush was born on February 11,1953 in Midland, when he was six years old, the family relocated to the Tanglewood neighborhood of Houston, Texas. The nickname Jeb is composed of his initials J. E. B and he grew up with two younger brothers, Neil and Marvin, one younger sister, Dorothy, and one older brother, George, who is seven years older. Jeb Bush initially attended Grady Elementary School in Houston, Bush completed ninth grade in Houston, but was advised to repeat it at Andover, and was nearly expelled due to poor grades. Bush recreationally used marijuana, hashish, and cigarettes during his school years, although he made the honor roll by the end of his senior year. While in Mexico, he met his wife, Columba Garnica Gallo. Bush, who had largely avoided criticizing or supporting the Vietnam War, registered for the draft after his graduation from high school in 1971. In the fourth and final lottery drawing, on February 2,1972, for men born in 1953 and to be inducted during 1973. But no new orders were issued after 1972, because the U. S. changed to an all-volunteer military beginning in 1973. Though many in his family had attended Yale University, Bush chose to attend the University of Texas at Austin and he played on the Texas Longhorns varsity tennis team in 1973. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude from the University of Texas at Austin with a B. A. in Latin American studies and he completed his coursework in two and a half years
16.
Bernadette Peters
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Bernadette Peters is an American actress, singer and childrens book author. Over the course of a career that has spanned five decades, she has starred in theatre, films and television, as well as performing in solo concerts. She is one of the most critically acclaimed Broadway performers, having received nominations for seven Tony Awards, four of the Broadway cast albums on which she has starred have won Grammy Awards. Peters first performed on the stage as a child and then an actress in the 1960s. In the 1980s, she returned to the theatre, where she one of the best-known Broadway stars over the next three decades. She also has recorded six albums and several singles, as well as many cast albums. In the 2010s, Peters continues to act on stage, in films and on television in series as Smash. She has been nominated for three Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards, winning once, Peters was born into a Sicilian American family in Ozone Park, Queens, New York, the youngest of three children. Her father, Peter Lazzara, drove a delivery truck. Her siblings are casting director Donna DeSeta and Joseph Lazzara and she appeared on the television shows Name That Tune and several times on The Horn and Hardart Childrens Hour at age five. In January 1958, at age nine, she obtained her Actors Equity Card in the name Bernadette Peters to avoid ethnic stereotyping, with the stage name taken from her fathers first name. She made her stage debut the same month in This is Goggle. She first appeared on the New York stage at age 10 as Tessie in the New York City Center revival of The Most Happy Fella. In her teen years, she attended the Quintanos School for Young Professionals, at age 13, Peters appeared as one of the Hollywood Blondes and was an understudy for Dainty June in the second national tour of Gypsy. During this tour, Peters first met her long-time accompanist, conductor and arranger Marvin Laird, who was the assistant conductor for the tour. In 1964, she played Liesl in The Sound of Music and Jenny in Riverwind in summer stock at the Mt. Gretna Playhouse, and Riverwind again at the Bucks County Playhouse in 1966. She made her Broadway debut in Johnny No-Trump in 1967, Peters performance as Ruby in the 1968 Off-Broadway production of Dames at Sea, a parody of 1930s musicals, brought her critical acclaim and her first Drama Desk Award. She had appeared in an earlier 1966 version of Dames at Sea at the Off-Off-Broadway performance club Caffe Cino, Peters had starring roles in her next Broadway vehicles—Gelsomina in La Strada and Hildy in On the Town, for which she received her first Tony Award nomination
17.
Miami City Ballet
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Miami City Ballet is an American ballet company based in Miami Beach, Florida, led by artistic director Lourdes Lopez. MCB was founded in 1985 by Toby Lerner Ansin a Miami philanthropist and she and the founding board hired Edward Villella, former New York City Ballet principal dancer to be the founding artistic director. In 2012, Lourdes Lopez was chosen to replace founding artistic director Edward Villella, Miami City Ballet features an international ensemble of over 45 dancers. The company has a repertoire of 88 ballets and performs over 100 times annually. Miami City Ballet serves as the resident ballet company in theaters in the Fort Lauderdale, Miami, in addition, the company regularly tours both domestically and internationally
18.
New World Symphony (orchestra)
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The New World Symphony is an American orchestral academy based in Miami Beach, Florida. Established in 1987, the organisation is an ensemble for young musicians in their 20s in preparation for professional careers in classical music. Since 2011, the New World Symphony has its headquarters in the New World Center, in 1987, Michael Tilson Thomas established the New World Symphony, with initial financial assistance from Ted Arison, the founder of Carnival Cruise Lines. Thomas and Arison had similar visions of an orchestra for young conservatory graduates to assist them in finding employment with professional orchestras. The New World Symphony gave its first public concert on 4 February 1988 in Miami, by the time of Arisons death in 1999, he had contributed $62M USD to the organisation. The New World Symphony offers three-year fellowships, where the programme offers a range of performance. The program offers opportunities for fellows to design and present their own concerts, the training also includes mock auditions, financial management, donor and media relations, as well as opportunities for teaching in local schools. The New World Symphony presents a season of concerts from September to May at the 756-seat concert hall of the New World Center. Performances include full-orchestra concerts, a music series, a new music series, percussion consort series, small ensemble concerts, a family series. On June 29,2011, the New World Symphony Orchestra received the first place award for Adventurous Programming from ASCAP for its commitment to new American music. New World Symphony website New World Symphony by Frank Gehry Photographs
19.
Architect
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An architect is someone who plans, designs, and reviews the construction of buildings. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, which derives from the Greek, practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction. The terms architect and architecture are used in the disciplines of landscape architecture, naval architecture. In most jurisdictions, the professional and commercial uses of the terms architect, throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans—such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Until modern times, there was no distinction between architect and engineer. In Europe, the architect and engineer were primarily geographical variations that referred to the same person. It is suggested that various developments in technology and mathematics allowed the development of the gentleman architect. Paper was not used in Europe for drawing until the 15th century, pencils were used more often for drawing by 1600. The availability of both allowed pre-construction drawings to be made by professionals, until the 18th-century, buildings continued to be designed and set out by craftsmen with the exception of high-status projects. In most developed countries, only qualified people with appropriate license, certification, or registration with a relevant body, such licensure usually requires an accredited university degree, successful completion of exams, and a training period. To practice architecture implies the ability to independently of supervision. In many places, independent, non-licensed individuals may perform design services outside the professional restrictions, such design houses, in the architectural profession, technical and environmental knowledge, design and construction management, and an understanding of business are as important as design. However, design is the force throughout the project and beyond. An architect accepts a commission from a client, the commission might involve preparing feasibility reports, building audits, the design of a building or of several buildings, structures, and the spaces among them. The architect participates in developing the requirements the client wants in the building, throughout the project, the architect co-ordinates a design team. Structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers and other specialists, are hired by the client or the architect, the architect hired by a client is responsible for creating a design concept that meets the requirements of that client and provides a facility suitable to the required use. In that, the architect must meet with and question the client to ascertain all the requirements, often the full brief is not entirely clear at the beginning, entailing a degree of risk in the design undertaking. The architect may make proposals to the client which may rework the terms of the brief
20.
Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center
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The Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center is a concert hall located in the Arts District of downtown Dallas, Texas. Ranked one of the worlds greatest orchestra halls, it was designed by architect I. M. Pei and acoustician Russell Johnsons Artec Consultants, the structural engineers for this project was Leslie E. Robertson Associates, and opened in September 1989. The new concert center was named in his honor in 1986 at the request of H. Ross Perot, the Meyerson Symphony Center is owned and managed by the City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs. The exterior of the pavilion and lobby is circular and constructed of glass. Architect I. M. Pei, and structural engineer Leslie E. Robertson Associates has described the structure of the interior as very conservative. It is conservative for reasons I no longer accept, he said in 2000, I feel that the hall doesnt fully represent what I would have liked to do. Because the music performed in the hall was likely to be from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the trustees and acoustic team had decided on the shoebox style before Pei was hired, and he sought to sculpt the exteriors with more innovative designs. I felt the need to be free, he said, therefore, to wrap another form around the shoebox, I started to use curvilinear forms. It does have some spatial excitement in that space for that reason, the Meyerson Symphony Center also is home to the 4,535 pipe C. B. Fisk Opus 100 organ, known as the Lay Family Concert Organ. Although it had been Charles Fisks dream to build a concert organ. The resulting instrument, built in 1991 and nearly unanimously hailed as a musical triumph, the première performance was given in September 1992 by the organist Michael Murray and David Higgs. The Eugene McDermott Concert Hall, designed by Russell Johnsons firm, Artec Acoustic Consultants, is in the standard European shoebox style,74 thick concrete chamber doors around the top of the hall weighing 2. The shoebox design was intended to achieve performance comparable to that of the Vienna Musikverein. Russell Johnson, who died in August 2007, requested in his will that he be buried in the Meyerson, but logistical complications prevented the request from being granted. The Morton H.5 tons 56 acoustical curtains 50 restrooms 4 private suites for meetings, banquets, conversations with I. M. Pei, Light is the Key. Fisk Organ QTVR Tour of the Meyerson Symphony Center NY Times 1989 Review
21.
Dallas
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Dallas is a major city in the U. S. state of Texas. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the citys population ranks ninth in the U. S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. The citys prominence arose from its importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries. The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat, however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. According to the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 1,197,816, the United States Census Bureaus estimate for the citys population increased to 1,300,092 as of July 1,2015. In 2016 DFW ascended to the one spot in the nation in year-over-year population growth. In 2014, the metropolitan economy surpassed Washington, D. C. to become the fifth largest in the U. S. with a 2014 real GDP over $504 billion, as such, the metropolitan areas economy is the 10th largest in the world. As of January 2017, the job count has increased to 3,558,200 jobs. The citys economy is based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, technology, energy, healthcare and medical research. The city is home to the third-largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas, Dallas is the core of the largest metropolitan area in the South. Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were developed due to the construction of railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle. Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement, the area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, the Republic of Texas, with majority Anglo-American settlers, in 1839, Warren Angus Ferris surveyed the area around present-day Dallas. John Neely Bryan established a permanent settlement near the Trinity River named Dallas in 1841, the origin of the name is uncertain. The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1856. With construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and it became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas, the South and the Midwest. The Praetorian Building of 15 stories, built in 1909, was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and it marked the prominence of Dallas as a city
22.
Hello, Dolly! (musical)
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Hello, Dolly. was first produced on Broadway by David Merrick in 1964, winning a record 10 Tony Awards, including Best Musical, a record held for 37 years. An Original Cast Recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002, the album reached number one on the Billboard album chart on June 6,1964 and was replaced the next week by Louis Armstrongs album Hello, Dolly. The show has one of the most enduring musical theatre hits, with four Broadway revivals. It was also made into the 1969 film Hello Dolly. that was nominated for seven Academy Awards, originated in an 1835 English play, A Day Well Spent by John Oxenford, which Johann Nestroy adapted into the farce Einen Jux will er sich machen. The Matchmaker became a hit and was revived and made into a 1958 film of the same name starring Shirley Booth. The story of a widow who strives to bring romance to several couples. The role of Dolly Levi in the musical was written for Ethel Merman. Eventually, he hired Carol Channing, who created in Dolly her signature role. Director Gower Champion was not the producers first choice, as Hal Prince, Hello, Dolly. had rocky out-of-town tryouts in Detroit and Washington, D. C. After receiving the reviews, the creators made major changes to the script and score, the show was originally entitled Dolly, A Damned Exasperating Woman and Call on Dolly but Merrick changed the title immediately upon hearing Louis Armstrongs version of Hello, Dolly. The show became one of the most iconic Broadway shows of its era, the half of the 1960s, running for 2,844 performances. During that decade, ten blockbuster musicals played over 1,000 performances, sources, Tams-Witmark Guide to Musical Theatre Masterworks Broadway As the 19th becomes the 20th century, all of New York City is excited because widowed but brassy Dolly Gallagher Levi is in town. Dolly makes a living through what she calls meddling – matchmaking and numerous sidelines, including dance instruction and she is currently seeking a wife for grumpy Horace Vandergelder, the well-known half-a-millionaire, but it becomes clear that Dolly intends to marry Horace herself. Ambrose Kemper, a young artist, wants to marry Horaces weepy niece Ermengarde, Ambrose enlists Dollys help, and they travel to Yonkers, New York to visit Horace, who is a prominent citizen there and owns Vandergelders Hay and Feed. Horace explains to his two clerks, Cornelius Hackl and Barnaby Tucker, that he is going to get married because It Takes a Woman to cheerfully do all the household chores. He plans to travel with Dolly to New York City to march in the Fourteenth Street Association Parade and propose to the widow Irene Molloy, Horace leaves for New York and leaves Cornelius and Barnaby to run the store. Cornelius decides that he and Barnaby need to get out of Yonkers, theyll go to New York, have a good meal, spend all their money, see the stuffed whale in Barnums museum, almost get arrested, and each kiss a girl. They blow up some tomato cans to create a terrible stench, Dolly mentions that she knows two ladies in New York they should call on, Irene Molloy and her shop assistant, Minnie Fay
23.
White Christmas (musical)
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White Christmas is a musical based on the Paramount Pictures 1954 film of the same name. The libretto is by David Ives and Paul Blake, with music, the musical toured the United Kingdom over the Christmas seasons of 2006-07 and 2007-08. The same production reappeared at the Theatre Royal, Plymouth in November 2009, before transferring to The Lowry, Manchester for Christmas, aled Jones, Suzanne Shaw, Adam Cooper, Louise Plowright, Rachel Stanley and Roy Dotrice starred. The same production will play from November 2010 until January 2011 at the Sunderland Empire Theatre, tom Chambers, Adam Cooper, Rachel Stanley, Louise Bowden, Ken Kercheval and Kerry Washington currently star in the show. White Christmas played an engagement on Broadway at the Marquis Theatre. The production was directed by Walter Bobbie and choreographed by Randy Skinner, the cast featured Stephen Bogardus, Kerry OMalley, Jeffry Denman, Meredith Patterson, Susan Mansur and Charles Dean, all of whom had performed in regional productions. The Musical was performed by MLOC Productions Inc, at the Phoenix Theatre in Elwood, an all new restaging, Directed by Judy Sullivan and Musical Direction by Geoff Earle with Choreography by Merilyn Young. The Cast will feature Peter Phillips as Bob Wallace, cabaret performer John Davidson as Phil Davis, Rowena Brown as Betty Haynes, featuring Simon Fitzgerald as General Waverly, Sally Fleming as Martha Watson, Olivia Seerup as Susan Waverly and David Higgins as Ralph Sheldrake. Its due to start its run on the 6th of November till the 14th, the musical returned to Broadway at the Marquis Theatre, in a limited engagement running from November 13,2009 through January 3,2010. Bobbie and Skinner again directed and choreographed and this production will also have a U. S. national tour, starting in Omaha, Nebraska on November 1,2009 and ending in Kansas City, Missouri. White Christmas toured the United States over the Christmas seasons of 2014-2015, the production was directed and choreographed by Randy Skinner. Nevertheless, it received two 2009 Tony Award nominations for Best Choreography and Best Orchestrations, Bob Wallace – Stephen Bogardus Phil Davis – Jeffry Denman Betty Haynes – Kerry OMalley Judy Haynes – Meredith Patterson Ezekiel Foster/Mr
24.
Waitress (musical)
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Waitress is a musical with music and lyrics by Sara Bareilles, and a book by Jessie Nelson. Based on the 2007 film of the name, written by Adrienne Shelly, the musical tells the story of Jenna Hunterson. When Jenna unexpectedly becomes pregnant she begins an affair with her gynecologist Dr. Jim Pomatter, looking for ways out she sees a pie contest and its grand prize as her chance. Stage rights to the film were purchased in 2007, whilst the musicals creative team was assembled by 2013 and it made its Broadway debut at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre in April 2016. A US tour is scheduled for 2017, the musical is based on the 2007 indie film Waitress. The film was produced on a budget of just $1.5 million, the film starred Keri Russell, and was written and directed by Adrienne Shelly, who was murdered three months prior to the premiere of Waitress at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival. The film followed Jenna, a waitress and pie chef living in the American South, looking for ways out she sees a pie contest and its grand prize as her chance. The Weisslers purchased the rights to the film shortly after its release in 2007. Paula Vogel withdrew from the project in January 2014, a workshop was held the same month in New York City, with Jessie Mueller, Keala Settle, Christopher Fitzgerald, Bryce Pinkham and Andy Karl, among others, taking part. Nelson, with the best wishes of the late Adrienne Shellys husband, Waitress began previews on August 2,2015, at the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts, before the official opening on August 19,2015, for a limited run to September 27,2015. Tickets for the premiere production sold out. During previews at the American Repertory Theater, it was announced that the production would transfer to Broadway in March 2016. Previews began at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre, on March 25,2016, with the official opening slated for April 24, tickets for the transfer went on sale on February 15. Changes to the team for the Broadway run, included Lorin Latarro replacing Chase Brock as choreographer and Christopher Akerlind replacing Kenneth Posner as lighting designer. For the Broadway production elements of the book were rewritten, new choreography developed, manhattan baker Stacy Donnelly, was hired to ensure the baking scenes were realistic. Donnelly taught the cast how to work and roll pie dough, the role of Jenna requires Mueller to crack eggs, sift flour and roll out dough on stage. To help immerse audiences real pies are warming as they enter the theatre, creating the aroma of a pie shop, cast changes included Nick Cordero taking over the role of Earl, Kimiko Glenn as Dawn and Christopher Fitzgerald who took part in the New York workshop as Ogie. During previews the production set the record for a performance at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre
25.
School of Rock (musical)
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School of Rock is a rock musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Glenn Slater and a book by Julian Fellowes. After identifying the musical talent in his students, Dewey forms a band of fifth-graders, the musical was announced in December 2014 and opened just under a year later on December 6,2015. Prior to School of Rocks debut, staged concerts were held at the Gramercy Theatre in Manhattan in June 2015, Hunter, and starring Alex Brightman and Sierra Boggess as Dewey Finn and Rosalie Mullins, respectively. The musical made its West End debut at the New London Theatre on 14 November 2016, the musical is based on the 2003 film School of Rock. That film was produced on a budget of $35 million, earning over $131 million in box office receipts. The plot followed struggling rock singer and guitarist Dewey Finn, who is kicked out of the band No Vacancy, after witnessing the musical talent in his students, Dewey forms a band of fifth-graders to attempt to win the upcoming Battle of the Bands. On 18 December 2014, an announcement was made of the musical. This would be the first time since 1971 and Jesus Christ Superstar that a Lloyd Webber musical would premiere on Broadway rather than in the West End and it would also mark a return for the composer to the Winter Garden Theatre, where his Cats ran for 18 years. Speaking of his vision for the musical, Lloyd Webber suggested that it would focus more on the stories of Deweys young students than the film did, id quite like to know more about the children and their parents. So they have to be theatrical songs too, and weve obviously got to use the iconic songs from the original show. It would be a not to do a Stevie Nicks song. School of Rock was given a book by Downton Abbey creator Julian Fellowes. joAnn M. Hunter provided choreography, set and costume design was by Anna Louizos and lighting by Natasha Katz. Act One The musical begins with a performance by the band No Vacancy, the bands guitarist, Dewey Finn, repeatedly attempts to upstage the lead singer which leads the band to chastise him for his antics. Dewey argues that the band wouldnt exist without him, but the lead singer replaces him, the next morning, Dewey is awoken in his bedroom by his longtime friend, Ned Schneebly, and Neds domineering girlfriend, Patty Di Marco. Patty demands rent from Dewey while Ned cowers behind her and they give Dewey thirty days to get the rent money. After they leave, Dewey dreams about getting his break and becoming a superstar Afterwards, Dewey receives a call from Rosalie Mullins, principal of the prestigious Horace Green School. She asks to speak to Ned, saying that the school has a substitute teacher position that will pay over nine hundred dollars a week—enough to meet the rent. Dewey, pretending to be Ned, accepts, Dewey enters his classroom and introduces himself as Mr. Schneebly
26.
The Lion King (musical)
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The show is produced by Disney Theatrical Productions. On June 13,2006, the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the version of Mary Poppins. It is Broadways third longest-running show in history and the highest grossing Broadway production of all time, the show debuted in the West Ends Lyceum Theatre on October 19,1999, and is still running. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008, as the sun rises, Rafiki the mandrill calls the animals to Pride Rock. She greets King Mufasa and Queen Sarabi before presenting their cub to the gathered animals, elsewhere, Mufasas brother, Scar, laments his lost chance at becoming king. Back at her baobab tree, Rafiki paints an image of the cub and asks the spirits to conjure the new princes name, time passes and Simba grows into a lively young cub. Mufasa shows Simba the Pride Lands from the top of Pride Rock, Mufasa warns Simba not to stray beyond the boundaries of the Pride Lands, pointing out a shadowy area in the distance. Zazu, a hornbill who acts as Mufasas advisor, arrives, Simba goes to see his uncle Scar. The scheming lion piques the cubs curiosity by mentioning the elephant graveyard, Simba arrives and asks his best friend, a female cub named Nala, to come with him to the elephant graveyard. He lies to the lionesses about where they are going, and Sarafina and Sarabi allow the cubs to go, Simba and Nala formulate a plan and manage to lose Zazu, while Simba brags about his future position. The cubs go to the graveyard and begin to explore, Zazu catches up, but they are confronted by three hyenas, Shenzi, Banzai and Ed. The hyenas intend to eat the trespassers and gloat about their find, Mufasa rescues the cubs and frightens off the hyenas. Mufasa is disappointed and angry at Simbas reckless disobedience, and explains the difference between bravery and bravado, Mufasa tells Simba about the great kings of the past and how they watch over everything from the stars. Mufasa says that he always be there for his son. Later he discusses Simbas behavior with Zazu, who reminds Mufasa that he had the tendency to get into trouble at Simbas age. Back at the elephant graveyard, Scar tells the hyenas of his plan to kill Mufasa and he raises an army of hyenas, promising that they will never go hungry again if they support him. Scar takes Simba to a gorge and tells him to wait there, on Scars signal, the hyenas start a wildebeest stampede into the gorge. Scar tells Mufasa that Simba is trapped in the gorge, Mufasa leaps into the stampede and manages to save his son, but as he tries to escape, Scar throws him off the cliff back into the stampede, killing him
27.
Hamilton (musical)
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Hamilton, An American Musical is a sung-through musical about the life of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, with music, lyrics and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda. The show, inspired by the 2004 biography Alexander Hamilton by historian Ron Chernow, the musical made its Off-Broadway debut at The Public Theater in February 2015, where its engagement was sold out. The show transferred to Broadway in August 2015 at the Richard Rodgers Theatre, on Broadway, it received enthusiastic critical reception and unprecedented advance box office sales. The prior off-Broadway production of Hamilton won the 2015 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical as well as seven other Drama Desk Awards out of 14 total nominated categories, the Chicago production of Hamilton opened at the PrivateBank Theatre in September 2016. The first U. S. national tour of the show began performances in March 2017, a production of Hamilton will open in the West End in November 2017 at the Victoria Palace Theatre. A second U. S. tour is set to begin performances in early 2018. Upon Mirandas discovery he began a project entitled The Hamilton Mixtape, on May 12,2009, Miranda was invited to perform music from In the Heights at the White House Evening of Poetry, Music and the Spoken Word. Instead, he performed the first song from The Hamilton Mixtape and he spent a year after that working on My Shot, another early number from the show. Miranda performed in a production of the show, then titled The Hamilton Mixtape. The workshop production was directed by Thomas Kail and musically directed by Alex Lacamoire, the workshop consisted of the entirety of the first act of the show and three songs from the second act. The workshop was accompanied by Lacamoire on the piano, of the original workshop cast, only three principal cast members played in the Off-Broadway production, Miranda, Daveed Diggs, and Christopher Jackson. Most of the original Off-Broadway cast moved to Broadway, except Brian dArcy James, the musical begins with the company summarizing Alexander Hamiltons early life as an orphan in the Caribbean. Hamilton was born out of wedlock in the West Indies—his father abandoned him at an early age, by nineteen, Hamilton has made his way to the American colonies, a dedicated supporter of American independence. In the summer of 1776 in New York City, Hamilton seeks out Aaron Burr, Burr advises the overenthusiastic Hamilton to talk less, smile more. Hamilton is unable to understand why Burr would rather exercise caution than fight for his beliefs, Hamilton bonds with three fellow revolutionaries, abolitionist John Laurens, the flamboyant Frenchman Marquis de Lafayette, and the tailors apprentice Hercules Mulligan. Hamilton dazzles them with his skills and they dream of laying down their lives for their cause. Meanwhile, the wealthy Schuyler sisters—Angelica, Eliza, and Peggy—wander the streets of New York, samuel Seabury, a vocal Loyalist, preaches against the American Revolution, and Hamilton refutes and ridicules his statements. A message arrives from King George III, reminding the colonists that he is able, the revolution is underway, and Hamilton, Burr, and their friends join the Continental Army
28.
Jersey Boys
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Jersey Boys is a 2005 jukebox musical with music by Bob Gaudio, lyrics by Bob Crewe, and book by Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice. It is presented in a format that dramatizes the formation, success. The musical is structured as four seasons, each narrated by a different member of the band who gives his own perspective on its history and music. Songs include Big Girls Dont Cry, Sherry, December 1963, My Eyes Adored You, Stay, Cant Take My Eyes Off You, Working My Way Back to You and Rag Doll, among others. The title refers to the fact that the members of The Four Seasons are from New Jersey, Jersey Boys won four 2006 Tony Awards including Best Musical, and the 2009 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical. In the early 2000s, Bob Gaudio, an original Four Seasons member and he hired book writers Rick Elice and Marshall Brickman, and director Des McAnuff. Brickman suggested creating a show about the history, instead of repurposing their songs for an independent story the way ABBA did with Mamma Mia. Brickman was drawn to the project because, Its a classic American story and its rags to riches, and back to rags. Little was known to the public about the history prior to the premiere of the musical. According to Gaudio, Back then, things were a little clean-cut, dont forget, other bands of the time projected street-tough images, but The Four Seasons cleaned themselves up in order to be palatable for mainstream listeners. Brickman and Elice also used material from interviews with surviving Four Seasons members Gaudio, Frankie Valli, interestingly, while the Four Seasons as a group made headlines, as individuals they did not receive much press due to groups like the Beatles receiving the attention. Brickman noted that each member had his own perspective on what happened during their tenure as a group, of the three, they approached DeVito last, who told them, Dont listen to those guys. Ill tell you what really happened, Elice said that getting DeVitos version was a eureka moment and the contradiction in their stories ended up being incorporated in the musical for a Rashomon effect. The writers were also contacted by members of the late mob boss Gyp DeCarlo to ensure that he would be portrayed respectfully. Although Gaudio was part of the development team, he wasnt involved in the creative process during tryouts. Gaudio, Valli and DeVito had decided to back from the shows creative process because they lacked objectivity. However, Gaudio and Valli still had final say on whether to end the show if they didnt like it, Robert Spencer played The Four Seasons. At the end of the tryout, Norona, who originated the role of Frankie Valli, was replaced by John Lloyd Young, the musical began previews on Broadway on October 4,2005, and officially opened on November 6,2005, at the August Wilson Theatre
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The King and I
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The King and I is the fifth musical by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II. It is based on Margaret Landons novel, Anna and the King of Siam, the musicals plot relates the experiences of Anna, a British schoolteacher hired as part of the Kings drive to modernize his country. The relationship between the King and Anna is marked by conflict through much of the piece, as well as by a love to which neither can admit, the musical premiered on March 29,1951, at Broadways St. James Theatre. It ran for three years, making it the fourth longest-running Broadway musical in history at the time, and has had many tours. In 1950, theatrical attorney Fanny Holtzmann was looking for a part for her client, Holtzmann realized that Landons book would provide an ideal vehicle and contacted Rodgers and Hammerstein, who were initially reluctant but agreed to write the musical. The pair initially sought Rex Harrison to play the part of the King, a role he had played in the 1946 film made from Landons book. They settled on the actor and television director Yul Brynner. The musical was an hit, winning Tony Awards for Best Musical, Best Actress. Lawrence died unexpectedly of cancer a year and a half after the opening, a hit London run and U. S. national tour followed, together with a 1956 film for which Brynner won an Academy Award, and the musical was recorded several times. In later revivals, Brynner came to dominate his role and the musical, Christopher Renshaw directed major revivals on Broadway, winning the Tony Award for Best Revival, and in the West End. A2015 Broadway revival won another Tony for Best Revival, both professional and amateur revivals of The King and I continue to be staged regularly throughout the English-speaking world. Mongkut, King of Siam, was about 57 years old in 1861 and he had lived half his life as a Buddhist monk, was an able scholar, and founded a new order of Buddhism and a temple in Bangkok. Through his decades of devotion, Mongkut acquired an ascetic lifestyle, when Nangklao died in 1850, Mongkut became king. At that time, various European countries were striving for dominance and he ultimately succeeded in keeping Siam an independent nation, partly by familiarizing his heirs and harem with Western ways. In 1861, Mongkut wrote to his Singapore agent, Tan Kim Ching, asking him to find a British lady to be governess to the royal children. At the time, the British community in Singapore was small, and the fell on a recent arrival there, Anna Leonowens. Leonowens was the Anglo-Indian daughter of an Indian Army soldier and the widow of Thomas Owens and she had arrived in Singapore two years previously, claiming to be the genteel widow of an officer and explaining her dark complexion by stating that she was Welsh by birth. Her deception was not detected until long after her death, and had not come to light when The King
30.
Annie (musical)
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Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip Little Orphan Annie, with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and the book by Thomas Meehan. The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for six years. It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, the musicals songs Tomorrow and Its the Hard Knock Life are among its most popular musical numbers. In 1933, eleven-year-old Annie is in the Municipal Girls Orphanage, along with Molly, Kate, Tessie, Pepper, July, when Molly awakes from a bad dream, angering Pepper and Duffy, July tells them to hush up and eventually gets into a fight with Pepper. Annie gets up and tells everyone to go back to sleep, Molly then asks if Annie could read her note from when her parents left her at the orphanage. Duffy and Pepper are yet again annoyed, along with Kate, Pepper and Duffy imitate Annies acting as if they were her parents. Annie decides to escape to find her parents, but is caught by Miss Hannigan and she is angered by this and forces all the girls to vigorously clean the orphanage. Shortly after, Mr. Bundles, the man, comes in to pick up the blankets. While Miss Hannigan is flirting with him, Annie climbs into the laundry basket, once Miss Hannigan realizes she is gone, the other orphans express their frustration. Annie successfully escapes, running into a stray dog. As she comforts him, she tells him of better days yet to come, the dog catcher is after him, so she pretends the dog is hers by calling him Sandy. Though at first unsuccessful, she convinces the dog catcher, and she later finds a Hooverville, where people made homeless by the Great Depression have come together as a community. However, a policeman named Lt. Ward, who had been sent by Miss Hannigan, catches Annie, Grace Farrell, assistant to the billionaire Oliver Warbucks, comes to the orphanage asking for an orphan to come to his mansion for the Christmas holiday. Because Annie was in Miss Hannigans office, Grace asks to take her, once she has left, Miss Hannigan explodes with her hatred for all the girls in the orphanage. Meanwhile, at the Warbucks Mansion, the staff welcomes Annie with open arms, when Oliver Warbucks comes back, though, he is very moody and not too happy to have an orphan in his mansion. He asks Grace to take Annie to a movie, but she persuades him to come too, as he and Annie begin to like each other, they enjoy a fabulous night in New York City. Back at the orphanage, Miss Hannigans brother, Rooster, and his girlfriend, Lily, Miss Hannigan mentions that Annie is staying at a billionaires house, and they think they could use this situation to their advantage, though they do not yet know how. Warbucks sees the locket around Annies neck, and buys her a new one from Tiffany & Co and he debates taking her under his wing, because he doesnt know much about children, but he decides he loves her and gives her the locket
31.
Beautiful: The Carole King Musical
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It made its Broadway debut at the Stephen Sondheim Theatre in January 2014. A West End production starring Katie Brayben as Carole began in February 2015, a U. S. tour launched in September 2015. Beautiful, The Carole King Musical had a pre-Broadway try-out in San Francisco, California, at the Curran Theatre from September 24,2013 through October 20, the production was staged by Marc Bruni, with choreography by Josh Prince and musical direction by Jason Howland. The musical sold out its run at the Curran Theatre. The musical opened on Broadway at the Stephen Sondheim Theatre on January 12,2014, in addition to Mueller as King, the cast features Jake Epstein as Gerry Goffin, Anika Larsen as Cynthia Weil and Jarrod Spector as Barry Mann. King attended the April 3,2014 performance and appeared on stage with the cast at the curtain call, a production in Londons West End opened on February 25,2015, following previews beginning February 10,2015, at the Aldwych Theatre. Beginning November 30,2015, Cassidy Janson took the role of Carole King. The role of Carole King will be played by Abby Mueller, with Liam Tobin as Gerry Goffin, Ben Fankhauser as Barry Mann, a UK tour will begin in September 2017 at the Alhambra Theatre in Bradford, ending at the New Theatre in Oxford in May 2018. Further venues and casting is to be announced, from the Beautiful, The Carole King Musical soundtrack booklet At Carnegie Hall in 1971, Carole King sings So Far Away. Then, in Brooklyn 1958, 16-year-old Carole tells her mother, Genie, in the long tradition of mothers, Genie is opposed to her daughters wish and in the equally long tradition of teenagers not caring about their mothers opinion, Carole goes anyway. At 1650 Broadway, she hears the 1650 Broadway Medley and she then sings her new song It Might As Well Rain Until September. Donnie says he will take it and hopes she has others, at Queens College, Carole meets a handsome young lyricist named Gerry Goffin. They agree to collaborate, musically and romantically, which in both cases turns out to be a fertile arrangement, when they go to Donnies to play their new song, Carole confesses to Gerry that she is pregnant. Gerry asks her to marry him and it gives her an extra depth of feeling when she sings their new song for Donnie, Some Kind of Wonderful, which The Drifters then record. They get an office at 1650, while there, Carole meets a new lyricist Cynthia Weil, who is looking for a composer to work with. Gerry and Carole sing their new song Take Good Care of My Baby, during which Barry Mann, Barry meets Cynthia and they decide to collaborate. As they begin to work, sparks fly, Donnie tells them he needs a song for the Shirelles. The couples compete for the job, in Donnies office the next morning, Carole and Gerry present Will You Love Me Tomorrow
32.
Kinky Boots (musical)
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Kinky Boots is a Broadway musical with music and lyrics by Cyndi Lauper and a book by Harvey Fierstein. Based on the 2005 British film Kinky Boots, written by Geoff Deane and Tim Firth and which was inspired by true events, the musical tells the story of Charlie Price. Having inherited a factory from his father, Charlie forms an unlikely partnership with cabaret performer and drag queen Lola to produce a line of high-heeled boots. In the process, Charlie and Lola discover that they are not so different after all, following the shows conception in 2006, the creative team was assembled by 2010. It made its Broadway debut at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre on April 4,2013, the musical began its US tour in 2014. However, less than a month after opening, Kinky Boots surpassed this rival with audiences in weekly box office gross, the musicals cast album premiered at number one on the Billboard Cast Albums Chart and number fifty-one on the Billboard 200 chart. In 2016, it won three Laurence Olivier Awards, including Best New Musical, Kinky Boots is based on the 2005 British film of the same name, which was, in turn, inspired by a 1999 episode of the BBC2 documentary television series Trouble at the Top. It followed the story of Steve Pateman, who was struggling to save his family-run shoe factory from closure and decided to produce fetish footwear for men. Daryl Roth, a Tony Award-winning producer, saw the film at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival and fell in love with its heart and she felt that its themes resonated and thought that the story had potential as source material for a musical. Independently, Hal Luftig saw the film in London and agreed that its heart, within a year, Roth secured the rights to adapt the film to the stage and partnered with Luftig, a Tony and Olivier Award-winning producer. By mid-2008, Roth and Luftig were in discussions with a director, Jerry Mitchell. When Roth sent Mitchell the DVD of the film, he was enthusiastic about it, Roth and Luftig hired Mitchell to direct and Harvey Fierstein to write the book. Mitchell knew that Fierstein and Cyndi Lauper were friends, and he thought they would make a team to create the musical. Lauper joined the team in June 2010. Laupers last project before Kinky Boots had been the album Memphis Blues, among Fiersteins prior experiences were works about drag queens, La Cage aux Folles and Torch Song Trilogy. Lauper has said that she identifies with drag queens, Fierstein and Lauper had both gained previous critical acclaim and honors in their respective fields. Fierstein noted a change in focus between the film about the saving of a factory and the musical, which include drag queens singing as they pass along the assembly line, Kinky Boots was given a reading on October 6,2011. Lauper was actively engaged in refining the material once the cast began readings, in January 2012, Roth announced that the show would be workshopped that month, and that Stark Sands and Billy Porter had been cast in the starring roles
33.
The Sound of Music
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The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. It is based on the memoir of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers. Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the tells the story of Maria. She falls in love with the children, and eventually their widowed father and he is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy, but he opposes the Nazis. He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children, many songs from the musical have become standards, such as Edelweiss, My Favorite Things, Climb Evry Mountain, Do-Re-Mi, and the title song The Sound of Music. The original Broadway production, starring Mary Martin and Theodore Bikel, opened in 1959 and won five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, the first London production opened at the Palace Theatre 1961. The show has enjoyed numerous productions and revivals since then and it was adapted as a 1965 film musical starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, which won five Academy Awards. The Sound of Music was the last musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein, the producers originally envisioned a non-musical play that would be written by Lindsay and Crouse and that would feature songs from the repertoire of the Trapp Family Singers. Then they decided to add a song or two, perhaps by Rodgers and Hammerstein. But it was agreed that the project should feature all new songs. Details of the history of the von Trapp family were altered for the musical, the real Georg von Trapp did live with his family in a villa in Aigen, a suburb of Salzburg. He wrote to the Nonnberg Abbey in 1926 asking for a nun to help tutor his daughter. His wife had died in 1922, the real Maria and Georg married at the Nonnberg Abbey in 1927. Lindsay and Crouse altered the story so that Maria was governess to all of the children, whose names and ages were changed, the von Trapps spent some years in Austria after Maria and the Captain married and was offered a commission in Germanys navy. Since Von Trapp opposed the Nazis by that time, the family left Austria after the Anschluss, going by train to Italy and then traveling on to London and the United States. To make the more dramatic, Lindsay and Crouse had the family, soon after Marias. In Salzburg, Austria, just before World War II, nuns from Nonnberg Abbey sing the Dixit Dominus, one of the postulants, Maria Rainer, is on the nearby mountainside, regretting leaving the beautiful hills where she was brought up. The Mother Abbess and the other nuns consider what to do about her, Maria explains her lateness, saying she was raised on that mountain, and apologizes for singing in the garden without permission
34.
Motown: The Musical
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Motown, The Musical is a jukebox musical that premiered on Broadway in April 2013. The productions music and lyrics are taken from selections from the Motown catalog and it received four nominations at the 67th Tony Awards. Motown, The Musical premiered on Broadway, at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, on April 14,2013, the musical finished its original Broadway run on January 18,2015, closing after 37 previews and 738 regular performances. A national tour began in April 2014, featuring Clifton Oliver, the show returned on July 12,2016 to Broadway for an announced 18-week run at the Nederlander Theatre. However, the run closed earlier than expected, on July 31,2016, the show is currently booking through February 24,2018. The West End production is directed by Charles Randolph-Wright, who directed this musical on Broadway. The cast stars Cedric Neal, Lucy St. Louis, Sifiso Mazibuko, in 1983, at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, recording stars are gathered to celebrate Motown Records 25th anniversary. In a flashback, the young Berry Gordy watches the neighbors dancing in Detroit, in 1957, the adult Berry forms his own record label, and begins to make lifelong friends with recording artists/singers such as Marvin Gaye and Smokey Robinson. Berry discovers the Supremes and Diana Ross, among many others, the musical contains a total of 66 songs. Most are simply presented as concert versions by the playing the artists who made them famous. Making way for so much music means that Motown breezily scrimps on storytelling, characters come and go so quickly we barely have time to register their famous names, let alone get to know them. But just as importantly, the piece also serves as a celebration of the music that brought Americas black and white populations together in a way nothing else ever did. Perhaps that is why Gordy and his team, led by director Charles Randolph-Wright. The result is too few of the beloved Motown classics receive the kind of full-scale. Its not just her almost spot-on re-creation of Miss Ross breathy voice, the consistent display of her genuine star power — most evident in a thrilling Reach Out and Touch segment — also draws us in. The New York Times noted. Motown the Musical, a hit, drew four nominations. Valisia LeKae received a 2013 Theatre World Award for Outstanding Broadway or Off-Broadway Debut Performance, the West End production notably received no nominations at any award ceremonies, the only major London production to receive none in the 2016-2017 season. Motown The Musical at the Internet Broadway Database Motown, The Musical - Official Site at motownthemusical. com
35.
The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
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The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart with additions from Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the book together. The musical opened in Londons West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988 and it won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical. It is the longest running show in Broadway history by a margin, and celebrated its 10, 000th Broadway performance on 11 February 2012. It is the second longest-running West End musical, after Les Misérables, by 2011, it had been seen by over 130 million people in 145 cities across 27 countries, and continues to play in London and New York. In 1986, Lloyd Webber contacted Cameron Mackintosh, the co-producer of Cats and Song and Dance and he was aiming for a romantic piece, and suggested Gaston Lerouxs book The Phantom of the Opera as a basis. They screened both the 1925 Lon Chaney and the 1943 Claude Rains motion picture versions, but neither saw a way to make the leap from film to stage. Then with the Phantom, it was there, Lloyd Webber first approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his dark obsessive side, but he declined in order to fulfill his commitments on a Bonnie Tyler album. Alan Jay Lerner was then recruited, but he became ill after joining the project and was forced to withdraw. Richard Stilgoe, the lyricist for Starlight Express, wrote most of the lyrics for the production. Charles Hart, a young and then-relatively unknown lyricist, later many of the lyrics. Some of Stilgoes original contributions are still present in the final version, inspired in part by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill, Lloyd Webbers score is sometimes operatic in style but maintains the form and structure of a musical throughout. The full-fledged operatic passages are reserved principally for subsidiary characters such as Andre and Firmin, Carlotta, and Piangi. They are also used to provide the content of the operas that are taking place within the show itself, viz. Hannibal, Il Muto. Here, Lloyd Webber pastiched various styles from the operas of Meyerbeer through to Mozart and even Gilbert. These pieces are presented as musical fragments, interrupted by dialogue or action sequences in order to clearly define the musicals show within a show format. Maria Björnson designed the sets and over 200 costumes, including the elaborate gowns in the Masquerade sequence and her set designs, including the chandelier, subterranean gondola, and sweeping staircase, earned her multiple awards. A preview of the first act was staged at Sydmonton in 1985, starring Colm Wilkinson as the Phantom, Sarah Brightman as Kristin, and Clive Carter as Raoul
36.
Cabaret (musical)
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Cabaret is a musical based on a book written by Christopher Isherwood, with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb. The 1966 Broadway production became a hit, inspiring numerous subsequent productions in London and New York and it is based on John Van Drutens 1951 play I Am a Camera, which was adapted from the short novel Goodbye to Berlin by Christopher Isherwood. A sub-plot involves the doomed romance between German boarding house owner Fräulein Schneider and her elderly suitor Herr Schultz, a Jewish fruit vendor, overseeing the action is the Master of Ceremonies at the Kit Kat Klub. The club serves as a metaphor for ominous political developments in late Weimar Germany, Prince commissioned Joe Masteroff to work on the book. When Prince and Masteroff agreed that Wilsons score failed to capture the essence of late-1920s Berlin, John Kander, the new version was initially a dramatic play preceded by a prologue of songs describing the Berlin atmosphere from various points of view. Isherwoods original characters were changed as well, the musical ultimately expressed two stories in one, the first a revue centered on the decadence of the seedy Kit Kat Klub, the second a story set in the society of the club. After seeing one of the last rehearsals before the company headed to Boston for the pre-Broadway run, in Boston, Jill Haworth struggled with her characterization of cabaret performer Sally Bowles. Critics thought the blonde dressed in a white dress suggested senior prom more than tawdry nightclub, princes staging was unusual for the time. As the audience filled the theater, the curtain was already up, revealing a stage containing nothing, There was no overture, instead, a drum roll and cymbal crash led into the opening number. Replacements later in the run included Anita Gillette and Melissa Hart as Sally, Ken Kercheval and Larry Kert as Cliff, in addition, John Serry Sr. performed as the orchestral accordionist. The 1967-1968 US national tour featured Melissa Hart, Signe Hasso, the tour included the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut in December 1967, the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles, Cleveland, Ohio, Baltimore, Maryland, and Atlanta, Georgia. In 1986, the show was revived in London at the Strand Theatre starring Kelly Hunter as Sally, Peter Land as Cliff and Wayne Sleep as the Emcee, the first Broadway revival opened on October 22,1987, with direction and choreography by Prince and Field. The revival opened at the Imperial Theatre, eventually transferring to the Minskoff to complete its 261-performance run, the song Dont Go was added for Cliffs character. In 1993, Sam Mendes directed a new production of the show for the Donmar Warehouse in Londons West End and it starred Jane Horrocks as Sally, Adam Godley as Cliff, Alan Cumming as the Emcee and Sara Kestelman as Fräulein Schneider. Cumming received an Olivier Award nomination for his performance and Kestelman won the Olivier for Best Supporting Performance in a Musical, Mendes conception was very different from either the original production or the conventional first revival. The most significant change was the character of the Emcee, the role, as played by Joel Grey in both prior incarnations, was an asexual, edgy character dressed in a tuxedo with rouged cheeks. Alan Cummings portrayal was highly sexualized, as he wore suspenders around his crotch, staging details differed as well, instead of Tomorrow Belongs To Me being performed by a male choir, the Emcee plays a recording of a boy soprano singing it. In the final scene, the Emcee removes his clothes to reveal a striped suit of the type worn by the internees in concentration camps, on it are pinned a yellow badge
37.
Cinderella (2013 Broadway production)
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Rodgers + Hammersteins Cinderella is a musical in two acts with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and a book by Douglas Carter Beane based partly on Hammersteins 1957 book. The story is based upon the fairy tale Cinderella, particularly the French version Cendrillon, ou la Petite Pantoufle de Verre, the story concerns a young woman forced into a life of servitude by her cruel stepmother, who dreams of a better life. The 2013 adaptation was the first version of Cinderella with the Rodgers, the new book by Beane introduces several new characters and a sympathetic stepsister, and the score features several new Rodgers and Hammerstein songs. The production originally starred Laura Osnes in the role and Santino Fontana as the Prince. It was nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning one, for best costumes, a US national tour followed in 2014 and another is ongoing since 2016. The original 1957 broadcast starred Julie Andrews as Cinderella and Jon Cypher as the Prince, more than 107 million viewers saw the broadcast. The musical was staged at the London Coliseum in 1958 in a pantomime adaptation that also used songs from Me & Juliet. Rodgers and Hammerstein signed with CBS, stage versions began to appear in U. S. theatres by 1961. Lesley Ann Warren was played the title role, the New York City Opera produced the musical in 1993 and revived it several times. A United States tour played from 2000 to 2001, stopping at The Theatre at Madison Square Garden, a 1997 television re-make was adapted by Robert L. Freedman and directed by Robert Iscove, with choreography by Rob Marshall. It featured a diverse cast, with Brandy as Cinderella, Whitney Houston as her fairy godmother, Bernadette Peters as Ellas stepmother. Douglas Carter Beane wrote a new book for the musicals first Broadway production, in Beanes plot, Cinderella opens Prince Tophers eyes to the injustice in the kingdom. The Princes parents have died, leaving the kingdom in the hands of a prime minister. The rebel Jean-Michel, a new character, and stepsister Gabrielle are in love, the score includes the best-known songs from the original version and features four songs from the Rodgers and Hammerstein catalogue, including Now is the Time, cut from South Pacific. The show was given productions in 2012. Designers include Anna Louizos, William Ivey Long and Kenneth Posner, the shows initial reviews were mixed. Rebecca Luker replaced Clark from September 2013 to January 2014, Carly Rae Jepsen and Fran Drescher were replacements for Ella and the Stepmother, both making their Broadway debuts, from February 2014 to June 2014. Paige Faure stepped into the role of Ella, and Nancy Opel played the Stepmother, Keke Palmer, Sherri Shepherd, and Judy Kaye joined the cast as Ella, the Stepmother, and the Fairy Godmother in September 2014
38.
The Book of Mormon (musical)
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The Book of Mormon is a musical about two young Mormon missionaries who travel to Africa to preach the Mormon religion. First staged in 2011, it satirizes various beliefs and practices of the Mormon religion, the script, lyrics, and music were written by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone. Best known for creating the animated comedy South Park, Parker and Stone co-created the music with Lopez, the co-composer/co-lyricist of Avenue Q, the Book of Mormon follows two Mormon missionaries as they attempt to share their scriptures with the inhabitants of a remote Ugandan village. The earnest young men are challenged by the lack of interest of the locals, who are preoccupied with more pressing troubles such as AIDS, famine, and oppression from the local warlord. In 2003, Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone began developing the musical, meeting sporadically for years after Parker. Parker and Stone grew up in Colorado, and references to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had been commonplace in their previous works, for research, the trio took a trip to Salt Lake City to meet with current and former Mormon missionaries. Beginning in 2008, developmental workshops were staged, the shows producer, Scott Rudin, opted to open the show directly on Broadway. The show opened on Broadway in March 2011, after seven years of development. The LDS Church issued a polite, measured response to the musical, the Book of Mormon garnered overwhelmingly positive critical responses, and set records in ticket sales for the Eugene ONeill Theatre. The show was awarded nine Tony Awards, one of which was for Best Musical, the original Broadway cast recording became the highest-charting Broadway cast album in over four decades, reaching number three on the Billboard charts. In 2013, the musical premiered in the West End, since then, it has staged two US national tours. An Australian production opened in Melbourne and a Swedish production opened in Stockholm in 2017, the Book of Mormon was conceived by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone. Both Parker and Stone grew up in Colorado, and were familiar with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and its members, the writers became friends at the University of Colorado at Boulder. At the college, they collaborated on a film, Cannibal. The Musical, their first experience with movie musicals, in 1997, they created the TV series South Park for Comedy Central and the 1999 musical film South Park, Bigger, Longer & Uncut. The two had first thought of a fictionalized Joseph Smith, religious leader and founder of the Latter Day Saint movement and their 1998 film, Orgazmo, and a 2003 episode of South Park, All About Mormons, both gave comic treatment to Mormonism. Smith was also included as one of South Parks Super Best Friends, during the summer of 2003, Parker and Stone flew to New York City to discuss the script of their new film, Team America, World Police, with friend and producer Scott Rudin. Rudin advised the duo to see the musical Avenue Q on Broadway, Parker and Stone went to see the production during that summer and the writer-composers of Avenue Q, Lopez and Jeff Marx, noticed them in the audience and introduced themselves
39.
Beauty and the Beast (musical)
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Beauty and the Beast is a musical with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, and book by Linda Woolverton. To revert back into his human form, the Beast must first earn the love of a bright. All eight songs from the film were reused in the musical. Original songwriter Menken composed six new songs for the production alongside lyricist Rice, Woolverton, who had written the films screenplay, adapted her own work into the musicals libretto, and specifically expanded upon the characterization of the Beast. Woolverton also expanded the storylines of the staff from servants who had already been transformed into household objects into humans who were gradually turning into inanimate objects. After completing tryouts in Houston, Beauty and the Beast premiered on Broadway on April 18,1994, starring Susan Egan and Terrence Mann as the eponymous Belle and Beast, respectively. The musical opened to mixed reviews from critics, but was a massive commercial success. Beauty ran on Broadway for 5,461 performances between 1994 and 2007, becoming Broadways tenth longest-running production in history, the musical has grossed more than $1.4 billion worldwide and played in thirteen countries and 115 cities. It has also become a choice for high school productions. The Walt Disney Company CEO Michael Eisner was hired to ensure the performance of the next animated projects. Eisner himself had been a major in college. Eager to redeem himself, Ashman agreed to work on Disneys animated film The Little Mermaid, upon release, The Little Mermaid was a massive critical and commercial success, garnering two Academy Awards, both of them for Ashman and Menkens original music. Disney established a successful period, during which Ashman and Menken became responsible for teaching the art of transforming traditional animated films into animated musicals. Before the film had even completed, executive vice president Ron Logan suggested to Eisner that he consider adapting Beauty and the Beast for Broadway. Beauty and the Beast became the last project on which Menken worked with Ashman, once again, Academy Awards were won for Ashman and Menkens music. Several critics noticed the films live musical potential, among them prolific New York Times theatre critic Frank Rich. Lamenting the Broadway selection at the time, Rich famously praised the duo for having written The best Broadway musical score of 1991. Than anything he had seen on Broadway in 1991, richs review would ultimately provide Eisner and Katzenberg with the confidence needed to seriously consider the film as a potential Broadway project
