In the United States, affirmative action consists of government-mandated, government-approved, and voluntary private programs granting special consideration to groups considered or classified as histo
A protest in Boston's Copley Square on October 14, 2018, to support the lawsuit from Students for Fair Admissions against Harvard
Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard, 600 U.S. 181, is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court ruling that race-based affirmative action programs in most college admissions violate t
Affirmative action in the United States
…and inclusion. Nine states explicitly ban its use in the employment process and it was banned in college admissions nationwide by the Supreme Court in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard in 2023. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 which required government contractors to take "affirmative action to ensure…
Students protesting at Copley Square in support of the lawsuit on October 14, 2018
Chief Justice Roberts delivered the opinion of the Court.