1.
Claustrophobia
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Claustrophobia is the fear of being enclosed in a small space or room and having no escape. It can be triggered by many situations or stimuli, including elevators crowded to capacity, windowless rooms, small cars and it is typically classified as an anxiety disorder, which often results in panic attacks. The onset of claustrophobia has been attributed to many factors, including a reduction in the size of the amygdala, classical conditioning, or a genetic predisposition to fear small spaces. One study indicates that anywhere from 5–7% of the population is affected by severe claustrophobia. The term claustrophobia comes from Latin claustrum a shut in place and Greek φόβος, phóbos, Claustrophobia is typically thought to have two key symptoms, fear of restriction and fear of suffocation. Another possible site for claustrophobic attacks is a chair, particularly during dental surgery, in that scenario, the fear is not of pain. Often, when confined to an area, claustrophobics begin to fear suffocation, Claustrophobia is the fear of having no escape, and being closed in to a small space. It is typically classified as an anxiety disorder and often results in a rather severe panic attack. It is also confused sometimes with Cleithrophobia and this method was developed in 1979 by interpreting the files of patients diagnosed with claustrophobia and by reading various scientific articles about the diagnosis of the disorder. Once an initial scale was developed, it was tested and sharpened by several experts in the field, today, it consists of 20 questions that determine anxiety levels and desire to avoid certain situations. Several studies have proved this scale to be effective in claustrophobia diagnosis and this method was developed by Rachman and Taylor, two experts in the field, in 1993. This method is effective in distinguishing symptoms stemming from fear of suffocation, in 2001, it was modified from 36 to 24 items by another group of field experts. This study has also proven very effective by various studies. The fears of enclosed spaces is an irrational fear, the amygdala is one of the smallest structures in the brain, but also one of the most powerful. The amygdala is needed for the conditioning of fear, or the creation of a fight-or-flight response, a fight-or-flight response is created when a stimulus is associated with a grievous situation. Cheng believes that a phobias roots are in this fight-or-flight response, in generating a fight-or-flight response, the amygdala acts in the following way, The amygdalas anterior nuclei associated with fear each other. These reactions constitute a failure in a panic attack. A study done by Fumi Hayano found that the amygdala was smaller in patients who suffered from panic disorders
2.
Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series, debuted in 1966 and it followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise, an exploration vessel. The Star Trek canon of the franchise include The Original Series, a series, four spin-off television series, its film franchise. In creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels, the satirical book Gullivers Travels and these adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek, The Animated Series and six feature films. The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four feature films. In 2009, the franchise underwent a reboot set in an alternate timeline, or Kelvin Timeline. This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the show, their adventures were continued in the sequel film. The thirteenth film feature and sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released to coincide with the franchises 50th anniversary, a new Star Trek TV series, titled Star Trek, Discovery, will premiere in May 2017 on the digital platform CBS All Access. Star Trek has been a phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers, the franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had an attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world, the series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek, in addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of televisions first multiracial casts, Star Trek references can be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park. As early as 1964, Gene Roddenberry drafted a proposal for the series that would become Star Trek
3.
Ezri Dax
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Ezri Dax /ˈɛzri ˈdæks/ is a fictional character who appears in the seventh season of the American science fiction TV series Star Trek, Deep Space Nine. Portrayed by Nicole de Boer, she is a counselor aboard the Federation space station Deep Space Nine, the character is a member of the Trill species, and is formed of both a host and a symbiont – referred to as Dax. Ezri was introduced to the following the death of the previous Dax host. It had been the intention to introduce a new female character bearing the symbiont in order to ensure that Nana Visitor as Kira Nerys was not the only female member of the main cast. The character made her first appearance in the first episode of the seventh season, the character continued to appear throughout the final season of the series, with her final appearance in the series finale What You Leave Behind. Her character stepped into the left by Jadzia amongst the crew. During the course of the season, Ezri becomes less nervous of her role over time and learns from the Dax symbiont and becomes involved romantically with Dr. Julian Bashir. After a transfer to the USS Aventine in the Star Trek, Destiny trilogy of novels, she receives a battlefield commission, the relationship between Ezri and both Worf and Bashir was described as one of five great geek TV love triangles. The inclusion of the character was criticised on the internet, with Ezri being referred to as both an ill-conceived idea and a replacement Dax. Terry Farrell had portrayed the character of Jadzia Dax from the pilot episode Emissary through to Tears of the Prophets, the actress had decided not to renew her contract for the seventh season, and so the character was killed off in her final appearance. However, due the characters nature, only the host died. Prior to the start of the season, the producers sought to re-introduce Dax. They decided immediately that it had to be a character, as otherwise Kira Nerys, played by Nana Visitor. There was absolutely no one in the running, echevarria suggested this to Behr over lunch, but he initially was not sure. By the time they had returned separately to the studio, Behr had a plan worked out based on the new premise for the character. Behr suggested that the character should be acting as if shes schizophrenic, saying Wed never played up the idea in the past. What must it be like to hear all voices and opinions. The producers also decided that they wanted an actress who felt vulnerable in order to offset the strength that Jadzia had grown into over the years
4.
Wiki
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A wiki is a website that provides collaborative modification of its content and structure directly from the web browser. In a typical wiki, text is written using a markup language. A wiki is run using wiki software, otherwise known as a wiki engine, there are dozens of different wiki engines in use, both standalone and part of other software, such as bug tracking systems. Some wiki engines are open source, whereas others are proprietary, some permit control over different functions, for example, editing rights may permit changing, adding or removing material. Others may permit access without enforcing access control, other rules may also be imposed to organize content. Wikipedia is not a wiki but rather a collection of hundreds of wikis. There are at least tens of thousands of other wikis in use, both public and private, including functioning as knowledge management resources, notetaking tools, community websites. The English-language Wikipedia has the largest collection of articles, as of September 2016, ward Cunningham, the developer of the first wiki software, WikiWikiWeb, originally described it as the simplest online database that could possibly work. Wiki is a Hawaiian word meaning quick, Wiki promotes meaningful topic associations between different pages by making page link creation intuitively easy and showing whether an intended target page exists or not. A wiki is not a carefully crafted site created by experts and professional writers, instead, it seeks to involve the typical visitor/user in an ongoing process of creation and collaboration that constantly changes the website landscape. A wiki enables communities of editors and contributors to write documents collaboratively, all that people require to contribute is a computer, Internet access, a web browser and a basic understanding of a simple markup language. A single page in a website is referred to as a wiki page, while the entire collection of pages. A wiki is essentially a database for creating, browsing, a wiki allows non-linear, evolving, complex and networked text, while also allowing for editor argument, debate and interaction regarding the content and formatting. A defining characteristic of wiki technology is the ease with which pages can be created and updated, generally, there is no review by a moderator or gatekeeper before modifications are accepted and thus lead to changes on the website. Many wikis are open to alteration by the public without requiring registration of user accounts. Many edits can be made in real-time and appear almost instantly online, however, this feature facilitates abuse of the system. Private wiki servers require user authentication to edit pages, and sometimes even to read them, maged N. Kamel Boulos, Cito Maramba and Steve Wheeler write that the open wikis produce a process of Social Darwinism. Unfit sentences and sections are ruthlessly culled, edited and replaced if they are not considered fit, while such openness may invite vandalism and the posting of untrue information, this same openness also makes it possible to rapidly correct or restore a quality wiki page
5.
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
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Star Trek, Deep Space Nine is a science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe in the Milky Way galaxy, in the years 2369–2375. In contrast to other Star Trek TV shows, it takes place on a space station instead of a starship, so as not to have two series with starships in the same time period. The show is noted for its characters, original and complex plots, and religious themes. It often showcased darker themes, less physical exploration of space, and, in later seasons, DS9 premiered in 1993 and ran for seven seasons until 1999. The series was created by Rick Berman and Michael Piller at the request of Brandon Tartikoff, as overall head of Star Trek production, Berman served as executive producer for the seriess entire run. Piller initially served as executive producer and showrunner, but left the series in 1995 to manage Star Trek Voyager. Writer Ira Steven Behr was promoted by Berman to replace Piller as showrunner, in addition to Berman, Piller, and Behr, key writers included Robert Hewitt Wolfe, Ronald D. Moore, Peter Allan Fields, Bradley Thompson, David Weddle, Hans Beimler and René Echevarria. DS9 began while Star Trek, The Next Generation was still on the air, the stations first appearance in TNG was during the sixth-season episode Birthright. In addition, two Next Generation characters, Miles OBrien and Worf, became members of DS9. The station also appeared in the Star Trek, Voyager pilot episode, each DS9 episode began with the same opening sequence. A small comet is traveling through deep space, leaving an icy trail. As shuttle craft are seen moving about, the ends with the wormhole seen opening. DS9 centers on the formerly Cardassian space station Terok Nor, the station is renamed Deep Space Nine, and a Starfleet crew is assigned to manage it. Deep Space Nine and Bajor quickly become a center for exploration, interstellar trade, political maneuvering, Deep Space Nine becomes a key military base for the Federation in the Dominion War, and is assigned the starship USS Defiant to aid in its protection. While its predecessors tended to restore the status quo ante at the end of episode, allowing out-of-order viewing, DS9 contains story arcs that span episodes. One installment often builds upon earlier ones, with several cliffhanger endings, Michael Piller considered this one of the seriess best qualities, allowing repercussions of past episodes to influence future events and forcing characters to learn that actions have consequences. This trend was especially noticeable toward the finale, by which time the show was intentionally scripted as a serial. Unlike Star Trek, The Next Generation, interpersonal conflicts were prominently featured in DS9, in Pillers words, People who come from different places—honorable, noble people—will naturally have conflicts
6.
Nicole de Boer
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Nicole de Boer is a Canadian actress. She is known for starring in the cult film Cube as Joan Leaven, playing Ezri Dax on the season of Star Trek, Deep Space Nine. De Boers television debut was a role in Freddy the Freeloaders Christmas Dinner. Her first major work was in the CBC series 9B, followed by a recurring role on the Canadian sketch comedy show The Kids in the Hall as Laura. She subsequently appeared in their 1996 film Brain Candy and she starred in the short-lived 1997 SyFy Channel series Deepwater Black as Yuna. This was followed by a role in the cult science fiction film. She was featured in two episodes of the Canadian-produced series The Outer Limits, de Boers most noted roles have been Ezri Dax on Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, and as Sarah Bannerman on the series The Dead Zone. She played Dr. Alison Porter in the SyFy series Stargate Atlantis, and as Marion Caldwell in three episodes on the television series Haven. Nicole de Boer at the Internet Movie Database Nicole de Boer on Twitter
7.
Worf
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Worf, son of Mogh is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. Worf is the first Klingon main character to appear in Star Trek and he is played by the actor Michael Dorn. Initially, Worf was not intended to be a regular character, accordingly, the June 1,1987 cast portrait did not include Worf. Several tall, slim, black actors auditioned for Worf before Michael Dorn came along, walking into the audition in character, the House of Mogh was a family of high social and political rank which was for a time represented on the Klingon High Council. In Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country, Colonel Worf appears as the advocate of Captain James T. Kirk and Dr. Leonard McCoy after they are accused of killing Chancellor Gorkon of the Klingon High Council and he was also a member of the Klingon delegation at Camp Khitomer. Although not explicitly stated, he was intended to be Worfs grandfather, Worf was born in 2340 on QonoS as the son of Mogh. Five years later, his parents moved to the Khitomer colony, Worfs parents were killed during a surprise attack by the Romulans on the Khitomer outpost. The colonys distress call was answered by the Federation starship USS Intrepid, Chief Petty Officer Sergey Rozhenko found Worf in the rubble and took him in after failing to find any living relatives. Rozhenko and his wife Helena raised him on a farm colony on the planet Gault. Worf also has a brother, Nikolai, with whom he often quarreled. He also spent time on Earth in his parents native city of Minsk, Worf did not take the Rozhenkos last name, preferring to be addressed by the Klingon designation Worf, son of Mogh. However, his son Alexander Rozhenko, who was raised by the Rozhenkos after his mother KEhleyr died, although Worf was raised by humans, he considered himself a Klingon at heart and studied the ways of his people. As an adult, his mannerisms and personality, as well as his sense of honor. Worfs brother Kurn, barely a year old at the time of the Khitomer attack, had left behind on the Klingon homeworld QonoS by his parents. Lorgh, a friend to House of Mogh, was charged with the care of the younger son, lorgh adopted Kurn after the attack, but informed Klingon authorities that he had died with the rest of the family. Kurn was not revealed as being alive until both brothers were adults, in 2357, Worf entered Starfleet Academy. He graduated in 2361 and was commissioned with the rank of Ensign, although Worf took immense pride and a sense of honor from serving in Starfleet, most other Klingons shunned and belittled his choice of vocation
8.
Andrew Robinson (actor)
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Andrew Jordt Andy Robinson is an American actor and director of the Master of Fine Arts acting program at the University of Southern California. Originally a stage actor, he works predominantly in supporting roles on television and he and his wife Irene have a daughter, actress Rachel Robinson, who also appeared in Deep Space Nine. Robinson was born in New York City and his middle name, Jordt, was given to him to honor his grandfather, though he did not begin using it in his professional credits until the 1996 Deep Space Nine episode, Body Parts. His father was a soldier in World War II and was killed when Robinson was three years old, after his fathers death, he and his mother moved to Hartford, Connecticut, where he was raised with her family. In his later childhood, Robinson had become a delinquent and was eventually sent to St. Andrews School. After graduating from school, Robinson attended the University of New Hampshire. He originally intended to become a journalist but went into acting after earning a Fulbright Scholarship, after graduating, he went to the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art on the scholarship. Robinson began acting in school and college theatre. While attending the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, he studied Shakespeare, Robinsons first professional roles were as a stage actor and playwright in New York. His first role in New York was in the play MacBird and he went on to appear in productions in North America and Europe, including Woyzeck, Futz, Werner Liepolts The Young Master Dante and The Cannibals. In 1969, he had his first television role with a guest part on N. Y. P. D. at the age of 26, in 1971, he began acting in feature films. Robinsons first feature role was in 1971s Dirty Harry. Don Siegel, the director, and Clint Eastwood picked Robinson for the role after seeing him in a production of Fyodor Dostoevskys The Idiot. Robinson was cast as the Scorpio Killer, the antagonist of the film, in the film, his character murders several children and a police officer and takes a school bus full of young children hostage. His portrayal was so convincing that he received threats after the films release. Director Don Siegel noted that he cast Robinson because he had the face of a choir boy, critical reactions to Robinson were generally positive. Box Office Magazine wrote, Andy Robinson is the maniacal Scorpio, a good blending of cunning and savagery. His role as Scorpio gave him widespread exposure, but Robinson also found himself typecast as psycho characters and he claimed the role severely limited his casting options, as film producers were reluctant to cast him in any good guy roles
9.
Deep Space Nine (fictional space station)
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Deep Space Nine is a fictitious space station, and is the eponymous primary setting of the American science fiction television series Star Trek, Deep Space Nine. It serves as a base for the exploration of the Gamma Quadrant via the Bajoran wormhole and it is run by a joint crew of Starfleet and Bajoran officers, and it is the home port of a number of Starfleet runabouts, as well as the starship USS Defiant. Three sets of docking pylons sweep up and down equidistantly around the ring, defining an almost spherical shape. It is of identical design to another Cardassian station, Empok Nor and this made the station three hours away from Bajor by shuttle as described in two episodes, though it was mentioned as being five hours away in another episode. However, it would appear that the journey could be completed in a shorter length of time if necessary by engaging warp drive within the Bajoran star system. There are normally about 300 permanent residents of the station, though the station can accommodate up to 7,000, originally a Cardassian mining and refinery station named Terok Nor in orbit around Bajor, it was built by Bajoran slave labor under Cardassian rule in 2346. The station was commanded by Gul Dukat, the last Cardassian prefect of Bajor and it was abandoned toward the end of the Cardassian occupation of Bajor in 2369, the Cardassians removed anything of value on their way out. In 2369, the Bajorans assumed control of the station, the Bajoran provisional government requested the assistance of the United Federation of Planets, who renamed it Deep Space Nine and placed Commander Benjamin Sisko in command. Despite the Federation presence, the station remains subject to Bajoran law, shortly after Sisko assumed command, his crew discovered the Bajoran wormhole. The station was moved to the mouth of the wormhole to secure Bajors claim to it, after which the station assumed great commercial, the stations weapons and defensive systems were later heavily upgraded. The total torpedo inventory was increased to 5,000 and these upgrades were first used against the Klingons in their offensive against Cardassia in early 2372. At the beginning of the Dominion War in late 2373, the station was temporarily lost to the Dominion, in early 2374, Federation and Klingon forces retook it after the Battle of Bajor. In late 2375, at the end of the Dominion War, in the continuing story novels, DS9 was forced to jettison its power core due to the actions of rebel JemHadar. As one of his first actions as chief of operations of the station, Nog had Empok Nor towed to the stations location, the remainder of Empok Nor was broken down for scrap and spare parts. Later, DS9 would host Bajors formal acceptance into the Federation, in the year 2383, DS9 – while under the command of Captain Ro Laren – was destroyed by a fleet of vessels belonging to the Typhon Pact. In honor of the station, and the Bajoran people, Starfleet Command, in 2370, the station is the command post for the Alliance authority throughout the Bajoran sector, under the command of Intendant Kira Nerys. The station also serves as a center for uridium ore mined from Bajor. In 2372, the Terran Rebellion wrests control of the station away from the Alliance, the Alliance, determined to recapture the station, sends a fleet under Regent Worf to fight the rebels
10.
TV.com
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TV. com is a website owned by CBS Interactive. The site covers television and focuses on English-language shows made or broadcast in Australia, Canada, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom. Australia and UK versions of the website are available, at au. tv. com and uk. tv. com. CNET originally acquired the name in the mid-1990s to host a website for the companys technology-related TV shows. One of these shows was titled TV. com, the program, highlighting the best of the Internet for new and casual computer users, aired in U. S. syndication. CNET then acquired TV Tome, a television database. TV. com was launched a few months after that acquisition on June 1,2005, many of the features and content from the original TV Tome site were maintained in the new TV. com site. On May 15,2008, CBS formally announced its purchase of CNET Networks, TV. com continually looked at innovating the television-viewing experience by incorporating it with technology, as seen with the creation of WatchList. This service offered personalized TV listings influenced by user actions and social media, TV Tome was an American website devoted to documenting English-language television shows and their production. It was run by volunteer editors, with the assistance of user contributions, the site was founded by John Nestoriak III. The site had over 2,500 complete television series guides, over 3,500 developing television series guides, in addition to the television series guides, TV Tome had a forum for each television series, with information regarding episodes, their interpretation, and general discussions. A spin-off site, Movie Tome, was established in August 2003, a video game tome and a music tome were originally planned as well, but such plans were abandoned with the purchase of TV Tome and Movie Tome by CNET. On April 22,2005, TV Tome officially announced its acquisition by CNET, CNET reportedly bought TV Tome for US $5 million in January 2005. CNET announced plans to relocate the site to its TV. com domain, a preliminary version of the new site launched on June 1,2005 and on June 13,2005, the site was permanently redirected to TV. com with an entirely new layout. TV. com provides show descriptions, cast and crew listings, full episodes, clip length videos, discussion forums, episode guides may include synopsis information, a recap, credits, notes, trivia, quotes, and images provided by the networks. All textual information in the guides is user-generated, after a user earns a certain number of points, s/he becomes an editor for the guide and can moderate user submissions. The site provides actor guides that include actor bios, credits, trivia, like show pages, users can become editors for these guides after earning points by providing sourced content. The sites mobile application allows users to video content, including clips and full length episodes
