1.
Norway
–
The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
2.
Fosen
–
Fosen is a traditional district in Trøndelag, consisting of the municipalities Osen, Roan, Åfjord, Bjugn, Ørland, Rissa, Agdenes, Snillfjord, Hemne, Hitra and Frøya. The district is dominated by forested valleys, lakes, coastal cliffs but also shallow areas, the western coast has many skerries and some islands, such as Stokkøya in Åfjord. There are some good salmon rivers, and sea eagles and other sea birds are common along the coast. The west coast has mild winters, and some locations receive on more than 2,000 mm of precipitation per year. Part of the Scandinavian coastal conifer forests are located on the peninsula, the largest nature reserve is Øyenskavelen, with many nature types including undisturbed forest, some of it classified as rainforest. Fosen also has a folkehøgskole, Fosen Folkehøgskole and it teaches unusual subjects such as sailing and building traditional Norwegian boats, organic agriculture, traditional Norwegian arts and crafts, nature life, etc. The district is named after the island Storfosna in Ørland, the Old Norse form of the name was Fólgsn
3.
Brekstad
–
Brekstad is the administrative centre of the municipality of Ørland in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The city is located on the Trondheimsfjord at the entrance to the Stjørnfjord and it is about 5 kilometres south of Uthaug and about 7 kilometres west of Austrått and Ottersbo. The 1. 77-square-kilometre city has a population of 1,943 and this gives the city a population density of 1,098 inhabitants per square kilometre. Brekstad received city status on 8 October 2005, thus becoming the 95th city in Norway, Brekstad is the seat of Fosen District Court, Brekstad road maintenance department, and NAV Fosen work. The major employers are Ørland Main Air Station / Ørland Airport, Mascot Høie linen factory, Coop Fosen, Ørland Church and Ørland cultural center are both located in the city. Brekstad has connections with the Kystekspressen boat to Trondheim, Hitra, Frøya, Lensvik, Hysnes, the Brekstad–Valset Ferry has regular service across the Trondheimsfjord from Brekstad to Valset in Agdenes. There are also connections to Bjugn. Brekstad post office was established in 1883, Brekstad is also the site of Skjeggehaugen, from the Old Norse word haugr meaning mound. Skjeggehaugen is an ancient burial mound which measures about 50 to 60 metres across and it is located about 60 metres northeast of Ørland Church. Brekstad in Ørland is a center for both shopping and business services. Business services like accountants, attorneys, banks, consultants, advertising agencies, office supplies, auditing, print shops, collection agency and office services are readily available
4.
Trondheim Fjord
–
Trondheim Fjord, an inlet of the Norwegian Sea, is Norways third-longest fjord at 130 kilometres long. It is located in the part of the country, and it stretches from Ørland in the west to Steinkjer in the north. Its maximum depth is 617 metres, just inside of Agdenes, the largest islands in the fjord are Ytterøy and Tautra, the small island of Munkholmen is located near the harbor of Trondheim, and there are several islands at the entrance of the fjord. The narrow Skarnsundet is crossed by the Skarnsund Bridge, the part of the fjord to the north of the strait is referred to as Beitstadfjorden. The main part of Trondheim Fjord is ice-free all year, only Verrasundet, the Beitstadfjorden might also freeze over in winter, but only for a few weeks. The towns of Stjørdal, Levanger, and Steinkjer are found on the eastern and northeastern shore of the fjord, aker Verdal in Verdal produces large offshore installations for the petroleum sector. A yard in Rissa completed the luxurious apartment ship MS The World, fiborgtangen is a peninsula along the eastern shore of the fjord where a large paper mill owned by Norske Skog is located. In recent years, deep water corals were discovered in the fjord, several of the best salmon rivers in Norway empty into Trondheim Fjord. Among these are the Gaula, the Orklaelva, Stjørdalselva, the lowland east and south of the fjord represents one of Norways best agricultural areas. The more rugged and mountainous Fosen peninsula lies to the west and northwest, Trondheim Fjord was an important waterway in the Viking Age, as it is still today. In 1888, a mudslide caused a tsunami that killed one person in Trondheim. Four giant squid have been found in the fjord, which is among the highest concentrations in the world, the fjord is named after Trondheim, but originally the name of the fjord might have been just *Þrónd or *Þróund in Old Norse. A name like that would be related to the verb þróast, which means to thrive or flourish and the name Þrór, if this is the case, then the people living around the fjord named themselves after the fjord
5.
Parish
–
A parish is a church territorial unit constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the care and clerical jurisdiction of a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or more curates. Historically, a parish often covered the same area as a manor. By extension the term refers not only to the territorial unit. In England this church property was technically in ownership of the parish priest ex-officio, the eighth Archbishop of Canterbury Theodore of Tarsus appended the parish structure to the Anglo-Saxon township unit, where it existed, and where minsters catered to the surrounding district. In the wider picture of ecclesiastical polity, a parish comprises a division of a diocese or see, parishes within a diocese may be grouped into a deanery or vicariate forane, overseen by a dean or vicar forane, or in some cases by an archpriest. Some churches of the Anglican Communion have deaneries as units of an archdeaconry, in the Roman Catholic Church, each parish normally has its own parish priest, who has responsibility and canonical authority over the parish. These are called assistant priests, parochial vicars, curates, or, in the United States, associate pastors, each diocese is divided into parishes, each with their own central church called the parish church, where religious services take place. An example is that of personal parishes established in accordance with the 7 July 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum for those attached to the form of the Roman Rite. Most Catholic parishes are part of Latin Rite dioceses, which cover the whole territory of a country. There can also be overlapping parishes of eparchies of Eastern Catholic Churches, the Church of England geographical structure uses the local parish church as its basic unit. The parish system survived the Reformation with the Anglican Churchs secession from Rome remaining largely untouched, Church of England parishes nowadays all lie within one of 44 dioceses divided between the provinces of Canterbury,30 and York,14. A chapelry was a subdivision of a parish in England. It had a status to a township but was so named as it had a chapel which acted as a subsidiary place of worship to the main parish church. In England civil parishes and their parish councils evolved in the 19th century as ecclesiastical parishes began to be relieved of what became considered to be civic responsibilities. Thus their boundaries began to diverge, the word parish acquired a secular usage. Since 1895, a council elected by public vote or a parish meeting administers a civil parish and is formally recognised as the level of local government below a district council. The parish is also the level of church administration in the Church of Scotland
6.
Headland
–
A headland is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends out into a body of water. It is a type of promontory, a headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is surrounded by land on three sides, whereas a headland is surrounded by water on three sides, headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form where weak rocks are eroded, leaving bands of rocks forming a headland. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out then start the same process all over again
7.
Orkdal
–
Orkdal is a municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Orkdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Orkanger. Other villages in the municipality include Kjøra, Geitastrand, Gjølme, Thamshavn, Fannrem, Vormstad, Svorkmo, agriculture plays a significant role in the municipality. The Thamshavnbanen was used to transport ore from Løkken Verk to the port of Thamshavn, the Fannrem concentration camp was located in Fannrem during World War II. Orkanger is one of the industrial hubs in central Norway. The industry is located around Grønøra Industrial park. The largest companies are Technip Offshore Norge AS, Reinertsen, Washington Mills, Orkdal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. On 1 July 1920, the port of Orkanger and the district of Orkland were separated from Orkdal to form separate municipalities. On 1 January 1963, the municipalities of Orkanger, Orkland, the Old Norse form of the name was Orkardalr. The first element is the case of the name of the river Ork. Historically, the name was spelled Orkedalen, the coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 25 April 1986 and they show a silver line on a green background, representing the Orklaelva which runs through fertile Orkdalen valley throughout the municipality. It is also a canting because the name of the municipality is derived from the name of the river, the Church of Norway has four parishes within the municipality of Orkdal. It is part of the deanery of Orkdal and the diocese of Nidaros, a large part of the population is concentrated in the Orkanger/Fannrem area, which is situated at the head of the Orkdalsfjord, a branch of the large Trondheimsfjord. The Orkla River, one of the salmon rivers in Norway. The lakes Hostovatnet, Gangåsvatnet, Våvatnet and Svorksjøen are lakes located around the municipality
8.
Population density
–
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume, it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and most of the time to humans and it is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by land area or water volume. Low densities may cause a vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it, commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world. The worlds population is around 7,000,000,000, therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,000,000,000 ÷510,000,000 =13.7 per km2. If only the Earths land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account and this includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to over 50 people per km2, thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates, cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo, for instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, and the surrounding suburbs excluded. Arithmetic density, The total number of people / area of land, physiological density, The total population / area of arable land. Agricultural density, The total rural population / area of arable land, residential density, The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land. Urban density, The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land, ecological optimum, The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources. S. States by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density
9.
Meldal
–
Meldal is a village and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Orkdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Meldal. The 0. 75-square-kilometre village of Meldal has a population of 628, other villages include Løkken Verk, Bjørnli, and Storås. The municipality is most renowned for its activities at Løkken Verk, being the birthplace of the Orkla mining company. It is also home to the annual Storåsfestivalen music festival, Meldal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. In 1839, the district of Rennebu was separated from Meldal to form a municipality of its own. The Old Norse form of the name was Meðaldalr, the first element is meðal which means middle and the last element is dalr which means valley or dale. The municipality is named this probably because it is located in the middle of the Orkdalen valley, the name was historically spelled Meldalen. The coat-of-arms is from modern times and they were granted on 5 February 1985. The arms are a combination of a wheel as a symbol for the industry. Both items are yellow on a red background, the Church of Norway has two parishes within the municipality of Meldal. It is part of the Deanery of Orkdal and the Diocese of Nidaros, the municipality of Meldal is located along the Orkla River in the middle of the Orkdalen valley. The lakes Hostovatnet and Svorksjøen are located along the border of the municipality. The municipality of Rindal lies to the west, Rennebu lies to the south, Midtre Gauldal and Melhus to the east, the Løkken Station is the terminal station on the Thamshavn Line railway. Sør-Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage
