1.
Taos, New Mexico
–
Taos /ˈtaʊs/ is a town in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, incorporated in 1934. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,716, Other nearby communities include Ranchos de Taos, Cañon, Taos Canyon, Ranchitos, El Prado, and Arroyo Seco. The town is close to Taos Pueblo, the Native American village, Taos is the county seat of Taos County. The English name Taos derives from the native Taos language meaning place of red willows, Taos is the principal city of the Taos, NM Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Taos County. The Taos Pueblo, which borders the town of Taos on its side, has been occupied for nearly a millennium. Located in a valley off the Rio Grande, it is the most northern of the New Mexico pueblos. The pueblo, at some five stories high, is a combination of many individual homes with common walls. There are over 1,900 Taos Indians living within the greater pueblo-area community, many of them have modern homes near their fields and live there in summer months, only staying at their homes within the main North or South pueblo buildings during cooler weather. About 150 people live within the main pueblo buildings year-round, the Taos Pueblo was added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Taos was established c.1615 as Don Fernando de Taos, in 1680, Taos Pueblo joined the widespread Pueblo Revolt. After the Spanish Reconquest of 1692, Taos Pueblo continued armed resistance to the Spanish until 1696, during the 1770s, Taos was repeatedly raided by Comanches who lived on the plains of what is now eastern Colorado. Juan Bautista de Anza, governor of the Province of New Mexico, between 1780 and 1800, Don Fernando de Taos was established. Between 1796 and 1797 the Don Fernando de Taos Land Grant gave land to 63 Spanish families in the Taos valley and it was built as a fortified plaza with adobe buildings and is now a central plaza surrounded by residential areas. Mountain men who trapped for beaver nearby made Taos their home in the early 1800s, Mexico ceded the region to the U. S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. New Mexico was a territory of the United States beginning 1850, for historical reasons, the American flag is displayed continuously at Taos Plaza. This derives from the time of the American Civil War, when Confederate sympathizers in the area attempted to remove the flag, the Union officer Kit Carson sought to discourage this activity by having guards surround the area and fly the flag 24 hours a day. The Padre of Isleta, Anton Docher first served as a priest in Taos before leaving for Isleta in 1891, beginning in 1899, artists began to settle in Taos, six formed the Taos Society of Artists in 1915. In time, the Taos art colony developed, many paintings were made of local scenes, especially of Taos Pueblo and activities there, as the artists often modelled Native Americans from the pueblo in their paintings
Taos, New Mexico
–
Taos Plaza and the Hotel La Fonda, within the
Taos Downtown Historic District
Taos, New Mexico
–
Taos Pueblo
Taos, New Mexico
–
E.L. Blumenschein House Library, National Register of Historical Places
Taos, New Mexico
–
View north from Taos Plaza toward Taos Mountain
2.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
3.
Western Washington University
–
Western Washington University is one of six public universities in the U. S. state of Washington. It is located in Bellingham, and is the northernmost university in the contiguous United States, WWU was founded as the state-funded New Whatcom Normal School in 1893, succeeding a private school of teaching for women. Its current president is Sabah Randhawa, the former provost of Oregon State University, WWU offers a variety of bachelors and masters degrees. In 2014, there were 15,060 students,14,407 of whom were undergraduate students and its athletic teams are known as the Vikings and the school colors are Western blue, bay blue, and white. Western was established as the Northwest Normal School, a school for women, by Phoebe Judson in Lynden, Washington. The first official class entered in 1899, composed of 88 students, the institution that is now Western Washington University has since undergone several name changes. In 1901, the name was changed to State Normal School at Whatcom to reflect New Whatcoms name change. Twenty-four years later it became Western Washington State College and finally, in 1977, the 1960s was a period of especially rapid growth for Western, as its enrollment increased from 3,000 students to over 10,000 during the decade. Two years later, the Huxley College of the Environment, the nations first dedicated environmental science college, was founded and that same year, on a spring afternoon, students gained headlines by blocking Interstate 5 to protest the Vietnam War. Also in 1969, the College of Ethnic Studies was established, however, after being met with significant resistance, during the 1999–2000 school year, Western celebrated its centennial anniversary. Today, WWU has a student body currently consists of over 14,000 students. The university is the third largest in Washington after Washington State University at about 26,000 students, WWU is located in Bellingham, a city of about 80,000 people, overlooking Bellingham Bay and many of the San Juan Islands. The university is 90 miles north of Seattle,55 miles south of Vancouver, British Columbia, the university is located close to Interstate 5. The campus is 215 acres, including the 38-acre Sehome Arboretum, campus facilities include an electronic music studio, an air pollution lab, a motor vehicle research lab, a marine research lab, a wind tunnel, an electron microscope, and a neutron generator lab. Westerns Vehicle Research Institute has led Automobile Magazine to describe Western as very possibly the best school in the country for total car design, planning Accreditation Board The undergraduate honors program offers merit scholarships worth up to $5,000. These scholarships are awarded to applicants to the honors program. High-achieving freshmen from colleges in other states can enroll at Western at a reduced tuition level that is equivalent to a $30,000 four-year scholarship. In 2013, US News ranked Western Washington University as the top public masters granting university in the Pacific Northwest, Western was one of only two public schools ranked among the top 25 Master’s-Granting Universities category
Western Washington University
–
Old Main
Western Washington University
–
Western Washington University
Western Washington University
–
Fisher Fountain
Western Washington University
–
Wilson Library
4.
Teachers College, Columbia University
–
Teachers College, Columbia University is the graduate school of education, health and psychology in New York City at Columbia University. Founded in 1887, it has been a Faculty of Columbia University since its affiliation in 1898, Teachers College is also an academic department of the university and its Ph. D degrees are conferred by the Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Consistently achieving top rankings, Teachers College alumni and faculty have held prominent positions in academia, government, music, non-profit, healthcare, in general, Teachers College has over 90,000 alumni in more than 30 countries. Forkner, E. Gordon Gee, and Chester Earl Merrow, Teachers College is the oldest and largest graduate school of education in the United States. Less than one-third of students are preparing to become teachers, although admnistratively independent, Teachers College is represented in Columbias governance structure and appoints two senators to the Columbia University Senate. In 2018, Teachers College was ranked #7 among all schools of education by U. S. News & World Report. However, Teachers College has achieved the #1 ranking in the past, Teachers College was founded in 1880 by the philanthropist Grace Hoadley Dodge and philosopher Nicholas Murray Butler to provide schooling for the teachers of the poor children of New York City. The curriculum combined a humanitarian concern to others with a scientific approach to human development. Unlike normal schools, after 1893 Teachers College required all students to have a school diploma. Its professional teacher education was considered the equivalent of the junior and senior years of college, many early students who lacked preparation for the advanced coursework first took introductory liberal arts classes, often at Barnard College. The founders early recognized that professional teachers need reliable knowledge about the conditions under which children learn most effectively, as a result, the Colleges program from the start included such fundamental subjects as educational psychology and educational sociology. As the number of children increased during the twentieth century. The college took on the challenge and instituted programs of study in areas of administration, economics, the area of developmental psychology has specially received numerous accolades. Teachers College was also associated with philosopher John Dewey who taught at the facility, from 1932 to 1939, Teachers College was home to the experimental New College for the Education of Teachers, a progressive undergraduate college. The college was closed due to a combination of growing financial deficits, Teachers College has played a role in curriculum reform efforts, such as during the New Math movement of the 1960s with its Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum Improvement Study program. Teachers College also houses a range of applied psychology degrees. It also houses the programs in Anthropology and it was foundational in the development of the field of Anthropology and Education. By the 1930s, Teachers College had begun to offer courses in anthropology as part of the foundations of education, by 1948 Margaret Mead started what would be a long association with Teachers College where she taught until the early 1970s
Teachers College, Columbia University
–
Teachers College, Columbia University
Teachers College, Columbia University
–
Teachers College buildings on 120th St., looking northwest
Teachers College, Columbia University
–
Academics
5.
University of New Mexico
–
The University of New Mexico is a public research university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is New Mexicos flagship research institution, the largest post-secondary institution in the state in total enrollment across all campuses as of 2012, founded in 1889, UNM offers bachelors, masters, doctoral, and professional degree programs in a wide variety of fields. Its Albuquerque campus encompasses over 600 acres, and there are campuses in Gallup, Los Alamos, Rio Rancho, Taos. UNM is categorized as an R1 doctoral university in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, the University of New Mexico was founded on February 28,1889, with the passage of House Bill No. Two years later, Elias S. Stover became the first president of the University, the third president of UNM, William G. Tight, who served from 1901–09, introduced many programs for students and faculty, including the first fraternity and sorority. Tight introduced the Pueblo Revival architecture for which the campus has become known, under David Ross Boyd, the universitys fifth president, the campus was enlarged from 20 to 300 acres and a 200, 000-acre federal land grant was made to the university. In 1922, the university was accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges, under Zimmerman, many new buildings were constructed, student enrollment increased, new departments were added, and greater support was generated for scientific research. Among the new buildings constructed were Zimmerman Library, Scholes Hall, the first student union building and this period also saw the foundation of UNMs branch facilities in Los Alamos and Gallup and the acquisition of the D. H. Lawrence Ranch north of Taos. During the early 1970s, a series of protests were held at the university, on May 5,1970, a protest over the Vietnam War and the Kent State massacre occupied the Student Union Building. The National Guard was ordered to sweep the building and arrest those inside, on May 10,1972, a peaceful sit-in protest near Kirtland Air Force Base led to the arrest of thirty-five people and was pushed back to UNM, leading to eight more arrests. The following day, tear gas was used against hundreds of demonstrators on campus, New programs and schools were created in the 1970s and the university gained control over the hospital on North Campus. At the end of the decade, the university was implicated in a recruiting scandal dubbed Lobogate by the press, subsequent investigation turned up a manufactured college seal from Mercer County Community College in New Jersey, along with blank transcripts and records of previous forgery. Further investigation uncovered alleged incentives like cars and apartments doled out to prime players, the scandal forced Ellenberger to resign and defined the term of William E. Davis, UNMs eleventh president. The university has continued to grow, with expanding enrollment and new facilities, in the 1980s, dramatic expansion occurred at the medical center, business school, and engineering school. The Centennial Library was also constructed, during the 1990s, an Honors College was founded, and the university completed construction of a new bookstore and Dane Smith Hall. The Research Park at South Campus was also expanded, by this point, the university had one of the largest student and faculty populations of Hispanics and Native Americans in the country. A study released in 1995 showed that the number of full-time Hispanic faculty at UNM was four times greater than the national average, the schools of law and business had some of the largest Hispanic student populations of any university in the country. In the first decade of the 2000s, major expansion began on medical facilities on North Campus, the current visitor center, a new engineering center, and George Pearl Hall were constructed
University of New Mexico
–
Hodgin Hall, the first building on campus. The facade has changed, and the building is now used by the Alumni Association.
University of New Mexico
–
The University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
–
William Tight
University of New Mexico
–
Mesa Vista Hall.
6.
Abstract expressionism
–
Abstract Expressionism is a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the art world. In the United States, Alfred Barr was the first to use this term in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily Kandinsky, technically, an important predecessor is surrealism, with its emphasis on spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. Jackson Pollocks dripping paint onto a canvas laid on the floor is a technique that has its roots in the work of André Masson, Max Ernst, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. His long essay Totem Art had considerable influence on artists as Martha Graham, Isamu Noguchi, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko. Around 1944 Barnett Newman tried to explain Americas newest art movement, paalen is mentioned twice, other artists mentioned are Gottlieb, Rothko, Pollock, Hofmann, Baziotes, Gorky and others. Motherwell is mentioned with a question mark, additionally, it has an image of being rebellious, anarchic, highly idiosyncratic and, some feel, nihilistic. In practice, the term is applied to any number of working in New York who had quite different styles. Yet all four artists are classified as abstract expressionists, Abstract expressionism has many stylistic similarities to the Russian artists of the early 20th century such as Wassily Kandinsky. Why this style gained mainstream acceptance in the 1950s is a matter of debate, American social realism had been the mainstream in the 1930s. It had been influenced not only by the Great Depression, but also by the muralists of Mexico such as David Alfaro Siqueiros, the political climate after World War II did not long tolerate the social protests of these painters. Abstract expressionism arose during World War II and began to be showcased during the early forties at galleries in New York such as The Art of This Century Gallery. The McCarthy era after World War II was a time of censorship in the United States, but if the subject matter were totally abstract then it would be seen as apolitical. Or if the art was political, the message was largely for the insiders, many of the sculptors listed participated in the Ninth Street Show, a famous exhibition curated by Leo Castelli on East Ninth Street in New York City in 1951. Although the abstract expressionist school spread throughout the United States, the major centers of this style were New York City. At a certain moment the canvas began to appear to one American painter after another as an arena in which to act, what was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event. In the 1940s there were not only few galleries but also few critics who were willing to follow the work of the New York Vanguard, there were also a few artists with a literary background, among them Robert Motherwell and Barnett Newman, who functioned as critics as well. Hess, the editor of ARTnews, championed Willem de Kooning
Abstract expressionism
–
Jackson Pollock,
No. 5, 1948, oil on
fiberboard, 244 × 122 cm. (96 × 48 in.), private collection
Abstract expressionism
–
David Smith,
Cubi VI (1963),
Israel Museum,
Jerusalem. David Smith was one of the most influential American sculptors of the 20th century.
Abstract expressionism
–
Mark Tobey, Canticle, 1954. Tobey, like Pollock, was known for his calligraphic style of allover compositions.
Abstract expressionism
–
Willem de Kooning, Woman V, 1952–1953. De Kooning's series of Woman paintings in the early 1950s caused a stir in the
New York City avant-garde circle.
7.
Minimalist
–
In visual arts, music, and other mediums, minimalism is a style that uses pared-down design elements. Minimalism began in post–World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s, prominent artists associated with minimalism include Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella. It derives from the reductive aspects of modernism and is interpreted as a reaction against abstract expressionism. Minimalism in music often features repetition and iteration such as those of the compositions of La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass, the term minimalist often colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped to its essentials. It has accordingly been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett, the films of Robert Bresson, the stories of Raymond Carver, and the automobile designs of Colin Chapman. The word was first used in English in the early 20th century to describe a 1913 composition by the Russian painter Kasimir Malevich of a square on a white ground. Guggenheim Museum curated by Lawrence Alloway also in 1966 that showcased Geometric abstraction in the American art world via Shaped canvas, Color Field, in the wake of those exhibitions and a few others the art movement called minimal art emerged. Minimal art is inspired in part by the paintings of Barnett Newman, Ad Reinhardt, Josef Albers, and the works of artists as diverse as Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp, Giorgio Morandi. Minimalism was also a reaction against the painterly subjectivity of Abstract Expressionism that had been dominant in the New York School during the 1940s and 1950s. The philosopher or art historian who can envision me—or anyone at all—arriving at aesthetic judgments in this way reads shockingly more into himself or herself than into my article. They very explicitly stated that their art was not about self-expression, in general, minimalisms features included geometric, often cubic forms purged of much metaphor, equality of parts, repetition, neutral surfaces, and industrial materials. Robert Morris, a theorist and artist, wrote a three part essay, Notes on Sculpture 1-3, originally published across three issues of Artforum in 1966. In these essays, Morris attempted to define a conceptual framework and formal elements for himself and these essays paid great attention to the idea of the gestalt - parts. Bound together in such a way that create a maximum resistance to perceptual separation. Morris later described an art represented by a marked lateral spread, the general shift in theory of which this essay is an expression suggests the transition into what would later be referred to as postminimalism. Stellas decisions about structures on the front surface of the canvas were therefore not entirely subjective, in the show catalog, Carl Andre noted, Art excludes the unnecessary. Frank Stella has found it necessary to paint stripes, there is nothing else in his painting. Because of a tendency in art to exclude the pictorial, illusionistic and fictive in favor of the literal, there was a movement away from painterly
Minimalist
–
Yves Klein, IKB 191, 1962,
Monochrome painting. Klein was a pioneer in the development of Minimal art.
Minimalist
–
Kazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, 79.5 x 79.5 cm, oil on canvas,
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Minimalist
–
Barnett Newman,
Voice of Fire, 1967,
National Gallery of Canada in
Ottawa
Minimalist
–
Tony Smith, Free Ride, 1962, 6'8 x 6'8 x 6'8
8.
Abstract expressionist
–
Abstract Expressionism is a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the art world. In the United States, Alfred Barr was the first to use this term in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily Kandinsky, technically, an important predecessor is surrealism, with its emphasis on spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. Jackson Pollocks dripping paint onto a canvas laid on the floor is a technique that has its roots in the work of André Masson, Max Ernst, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. His long essay Totem Art had considerable influence on artists as Martha Graham, Isamu Noguchi, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko. Around 1944 Barnett Newman tried to explain Americas newest art movement, paalen is mentioned twice, other artists mentioned are Gottlieb, Rothko, Pollock, Hofmann, Baziotes, Gorky and others. Motherwell is mentioned with a question mark, additionally, it has an image of being rebellious, anarchic, highly idiosyncratic and, some feel, nihilistic. In practice, the term is applied to any number of working in New York who had quite different styles. Yet all four artists are classified as abstract expressionists, Abstract expressionism has many stylistic similarities to the Russian artists of the early 20th century such as Wassily Kandinsky. Why this style gained mainstream acceptance in the 1950s is a matter of debate, American social realism had been the mainstream in the 1930s. It had been influenced not only by the Great Depression, but also by the muralists of Mexico such as David Alfaro Siqueiros, the political climate after World War II did not long tolerate the social protests of these painters. Abstract expressionism arose during World War II and began to be showcased during the early forties at galleries in New York such as The Art of This Century Gallery. The McCarthy era after World War II was a time of censorship in the United States, but if the subject matter were totally abstract then it would be seen as apolitical. Or if the art was political, the message was largely for the insiders, many of the sculptors listed participated in the Ninth Street Show, a famous exhibition curated by Leo Castelli on East Ninth Street in New York City in 1951. Although the abstract expressionist school spread throughout the United States, the major centers of this style were New York City. At a certain moment the canvas began to appear to one American painter after another as an arena in which to act, what was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event. In the 1940s there were not only few galleries but also few critics who were willing to follow the work of the New York Vanguard, there were also a few artists with a literary background, among them Robert Motherwell and Barnett Newman, who functioned as critics as well. Hess, the editor of ARTnews, championed Willem de Kooning
Abstract expressionist
–
Jackson Pollock,
No. 5, 1948, oil on
fiberboard, 244 × 122 cm. (96 × 48 in.), private collection
Abstract expressionist
–
David Smith,
Cubi VI (1963),
Israel Museum,
Jerusalem. David Smith was one of the most influential American sculptors of the 20th century.
Abstract expressionist
–
Mark Tobey, Canticle, 1954. Tobey, like Pollock, was known for his calligraphic style of allover compositions.
Abstract expressionist
–
Willem de Kooning, Woman V, 1952–1953. De Kooning's series of Woman paintings in the early 1950s caused a stir in the
New York City avant-garde circle.
9.
National Medal of Arts
–
The National Medal of Arts is an award and title created by the United States Congress in 1984, for the purpose of honoring artists and patrons of the arts. A prestigious American honor, it is the highest honor given for achievement in the arts conferred to an individual artist on behalf of the people. Honorees are selected by the National Endowment for the Arts, the medal was designed for the NEA by sculptor Robert Graham. In 1989, composer and conductor, Leonard Bernstein refused his award, in 1997, poet Adrienne Rich refused her award as a protest against “inconsistencies” between art and “the cynical politics” of the Clinton White House administration. National Medal of Science National Medal of Technology and Innovation National Endowment for the Arts
National Medal of Arts
–
National Medal of Arts
National Medal of Arts
–
2005 National Medal of Arts awardees
10.
National Endowment for the Arts
–
The National Endowment for the Arts is an independent agency of the United States federal government that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence. It was created by an act of the U. S. Congress in 1965 as an independent agency of the federal government, the NEA had its offices in Washington, D. C. It was awarded Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 1995, in March of 2017, a proposal to eliminate all federal funding for the program was put forward by the Trump administration. The NEA is dedicated to supporting excellence in the arts, both new and established, bringing the arts to all Americans, and providing leadership in arts education. Between 1965 and 2008, the agency has made in excess of 128,000 grants, from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, Congress granted the NEA an annual funding of between $160 and $180 million. In 1996, Congress cut the NEA funding to $99, since 1996, the NEA has partially rebounded with a 2015 budget of $146.21 million. For FY2010, the reached the level it was at during the mid-1990s at $167.5 million. The NEA is governed by a Chairman appointed by the President to a four-year term and this body consists of 14 individuals appointed by the President for their expertise and knowledge in the arts, in addition to six ex officio members of Congress who serve in a non-voting capacity. On June 12,2014, Dr. Jane Chu was confirmed as the 11th Chair of the NEA by the Senate, the NEA offers grants in the categories of, 1) Grants for Arts Projects, 2) National Initiatives, and 3) Partnership Agreements. The NEA also grants individual fellowships in literature to creative writers and translators of exceptional talent in the areas of prose, the NEA has partnerships in the areas of state and regional, federal, international activities, and design. The state arts agencies and regional organizations are the NEAs primary partners in serving the American people through the arts. Forty percent of all NEA funding goes to the state arts agencies, the NEA also manages the National Medal of Arts, awarded annually by the President. The NEA is the largest grantmaker to arts organizations in the nation, artist William Powhida has noted that in one single auction, wealthy collectors bought almost a billion dollars in contemporary art at Christies in New York. He further commented, If you had a 2 percent tax just on the auctions in New York you could double the NEA budget in two nights. Upon entering office in 1981, the incoming Ronald Reagan administration intended to push Congress to abolish the NEA completely over a three-year period, another proposal would have halved the arts endowment budget. In 1989, Donald Wildmon of the American Family Association held a press conference attacking what he called anti-Christian bigotry, in an exhibition by photographer Andres Serrano. The work at the center of the controversy was Piss Christ, republican Senators Jesse Helms and Al DAmato began to rally against the NEA, and expanded the attack to include other artists. Prominent conservative Christian figures including Pat Robertson of the 700 Club, on June 12,1989, The Corcoran cancelled the Mapplethorpe exhibition, saying that it did not want to adversely affect the NEAs congressional appropriations
National Endowment for the Arts
–
National Endowment for the Arts
11.
Vancouver
–
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, the Greater Vancouver area had 2,463,431 versus 2,313,328 in 2011, making it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre. With over 250,000 residents, Vancouver municipality is the fourth most densely populated city in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. In that census, Vancouver was one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the annual TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home, several matches of the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place Stadium. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west, Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B. I. As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, archaeological records indicate the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the territories of the Squamish, Musqueam. They had villages in various parts of present-day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey, the city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his became the first known Europeans to set foot on the site of the present-day city. In 1808, they travelled from the east down the Fraser River, perhaps as far as Point Grey. The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster on the Fraser River, on their way to the Fraser Canyon, a sawmill established at Moodyville in 1863, began the citys long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the shore of the inlet. This mill, known as the Hastings Mill, became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed, the mills central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the economy until it closed in the 1920s. The settlement which came to be called Gastown grew up quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by Gassy Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property
Vancouver
–
Clockwise from top: Downtown Vancouver as seen from the southern shore of False Creek, The
University of British Columbia,
Lions Gate Bridge, a view from the
Granville Street Bridge,
Burrard Bridge, The Millennium Gate (
Chinatown), and
totem poles in
Stanley Park
Vancouver
–
A portrait of the first Vancouver City Council meeting after the 1886 fire. The tent shown was on the east side of the 100 block Carrall.
Vancouver
–
Panorama of Vancouver, 1898
Vancouver
–
Kitsilano Beach is one of Vancouver's many beaches
12.
Bellingham, Washington
–
Bellingham is the largest city in and the county seat of Whatcom County in the U. S. state of Washington. The boundaries of the city encompass the towns of Fairhaven, Whatcom, Sehome. Bellingham is the northernmost city in the contiguous United States with a population of more than 50,000 residents and it is acclaimed for its easy access to outdoor opportunities in the San Juan Islands and North Cascades as well as proximity to the cities of Vancouver and Seattle. It is also famous for the quantities of Canadian tourists and shoppers who visit daily to take advantage of relatively cheap gasoline, airfare. The name of Bellingham is derived from the bay on which the city is situated, George Vancouver, who visited the area in June 1792, named the bay for Sir William Bellingham, the controller of the storekeepers account of the Royal Navy. Prior to Euro-American settlement, Bellingham was in the homeland of Coast Salish peoples of the Lummi, the first Caucasian settlers reached the area in 1854. In 1858, the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush caused thousands of miners, storekeepers, Coal was mined in the Bellingham area from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries. It was Henry Roeder who had discovered coal off the shore of Bellingham Bay. The mine extended to hundreds of miles of tunnels as deep as 1200 feet and it ran southwest to Bellingham Bay, on both sides of Squalicum Creek, an area of about one square mile. At its peak in the 1920s, the mine employed some 250 miners digging over 200,000 tons of coal annually, Whatcom is todays Old Town area and was founded in 1852. Sehome was an area of downtown founded in 1854, Bellingham was further south near Boulevard Park, founded in 1853, while Fairhaven was a large commercial district with its own harbor, also founded in 1853. In 1890, Fairhaven developers bought Bellingham, Whatcom and Sehome had adjacent borders and both towns wanted to merge, thus they formed New Whatcom. Later, on October 27,1903, the word New was dropped from the name, because the Washington State Legislature outlawed the use of the new in city. At first, attempts to combine Fairhaven and Whatcom failed, Whatcom citizens wouldnt support a city named Fairhaven, and Fairhaven residents would not support a city named Whatcom. They eventually settled on the name Bellingham, which remains today, voting a second time for a final merger of the four towns into a single city, the resolution passed by 2163 votes for and 596 against. In the early 1890s, three railroad lines arrived, connecting the bay cities to a market of builders. The foothills around Bellingham were clearcut after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake to provide the lumber for the rebuilding of San Francisco. In time, lumber and shingle mills sprang up all over the county to accommodate the byproduct of their work, in 1889, Pierre Cornwall and an association of investors formed the Bellingham Bay Improvement Company
Bellingham, Washington
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Bellingham, Washington
Bellingham, Washington
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An old bank building, built in 1900 in the Fairhaven Historic District.
Bellingham, Washington
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Bellingham circa 1909
Bellingham, Washington
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Bellingham, 2010
13.
D. T. Suzuki
–
Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki was a Japanese author of books and essays on Buddhism, Zen and Shin that were instrumental in spreading interest in both Zen and Shin to the West. Suzuki was also a translator of Chinese, Japanese. Suzuki spent several lengthy stretches teaching or lecturing at Western universities, and devoted many years to a professorship at Ōtani University and he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963. Suzuki was born Teitarō Suzuki in Honda-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, the Buddhist name Daisetsu, meaning Great Humility, the kanji of which can also mean Greatly Clumsy, was given to him by his Zen master Soen Shaku. Although his birthplace no longer exists, a monument marks its location. When he became old enough to reflect on his fate in being born into this situation and his naturally sharp and philosophical intellect found difficulty in accepting some of the cosmologies to which he was exposed. Suzuki studied at the University of Tokyo, Suzuki set about acquiring knowledge of Chinese, Sanskrit, Pali, and several European languages. During his student years at Tokyo University, Suzuki took up Zen practice at Engaku-ji in Kamakura, Suzuki lived and studied several years with the scholar Paul Carus. Suzuki was introduced to Carus by Soyen Shaku, who met him at the World Parliament of Religions held in Chicago in 1893. Carus, who had set up residence in LaSalle, Illinois, Soyen Shaku instead recommended his student Suzuki for the job. Suzuki lived at Dr. Caruss home, the Hegeler Carus Mansion, in Illinois, Suzuki began his early work Outlines of Mahayana Buddhism. Carus himself had written a book offering an insight into, and overview of, Buddhism, Soyen Shaku wrote an introduction for it, and Suzuki translated the book into Japanese. At this time, around the turn of the century, quite a number of Westerners, in 1911, Suzuki married Beatrice Erskine Lane, a Radcliffe graduate and Theosophist with multiple contacts with the Baháí Faith both in America and in Japan. Later Suzuki himself joined the Theosophical Society Adyar and was an active Theosophist, besides living in the United States, Suzuki traveled through Europe before taking up a professorship back in Japan. Suzuki and his wife dedicated themselves to spreading an understanding of Mahayana Buddhism, until 1919 they lived in a cottage on the Engaku-ji grounds, then moved to Kyoto, where Suzuki began professorship at Ōtani University in 1921. While he was in Kyoto, he visited Dr. Hoseki Shinichi Hisamatsu, a famous Zen Buddhist scholar, in 1921, the year he joined Ōtani University, he and his wife founded the Eastern Buddhist Society. The Society is focused on Mahayana Buddhism and offers lectures and seminars, Suzuki maintained connections in the West and, for instance, delivered a paper at the World Congress of Faiths in 1936, at the University of London. Suzuki received numerous honors, including Japans National Medal of Culture and he went on a lecture tour of American universities in 1951, and taught at Columbia University from 1952 to 1957
D. T. Suzuki
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D. T. Suzuki
D. T. Suzuki
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Hu Shi and DT Suzuki during his visit to China in 1934.
14.
Cuba, New Mexico
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Cuba is a village in Sandoval County, New Mexico, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 735. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area, a fast-growing town located off the busy 550 highway, Cuba has a large amount of new construction, and several hotels, restaurants and bars. Cuba is located at 36°1′6″N 106°57′35″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.3 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 590 people,222 households, the population density was 465.3 people per square mile. There were 290 housing units at a density of 228.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 44. 07% White,0. 17% African American,26. 78% Native American,0. 68% Asian,23. 90% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 60. 34% of the population. 29. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.24. In the village, the population was out with 33. 2% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,23. 9% from 25 to 44,21. 9% from 45 to 64. The median age was 32 years, for every 100 females there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.0 males, the median income for a household in the village was $21,538, and the median income for a family was $26,250. Males had an income of $26,667 versus $17,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,192, about 36. 5% of families and 41. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 54. 1% of those under age 18 and 40. 0% of those age 65 or over. The National Christmas Tree for 2005 was harvested from the Santa Fe National Forest near Cuba, Sandoval County Fair July 28 thru August 3 every year. Http, //www. sandovalfair. org/ Cuba, New Mexico travel guide from Wikivoyage
Cuba, New Mexico
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U.S. Route 550 in Cuba
15.
Galisteo, New Mexico
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Galisteo is a census-designated place in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area, the population was 265 at the 2000 census. Galisteo is located at 35°23′43″N 105°56′52″W, the present settlement is located along the Galisteo Creek in the Galisteo Basin. All of these are named for Galisteo Pueblo, one of abandoned and ruined Tanoan villages in the basin. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 2.6 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 265 people,119 households, the population density was 101.4 people per square mile. There were 136 housing units at a density of 52.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 80. 38% White,0. 38% Native American,18. 87% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 35. 47% of the population. 29. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 3. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.79. In the CDP, the population was out with 18. 5% under the age of 18,4. 2% from 18 to 24,24. 5% from 25 to 44,39. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 47 years, for every 100 females there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $45,324, and the median income for a family was $45,735. Males had an income of $18,625 versus $31,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,719, none of the families and 3. 6% of the population were living below the poverty line. Galisteo has served as a location for a number of motion pictures. Nearly all have been westerns though the town served as backdrop for fantasy blockbusters Legion. Lippard is a long-term resident Artist Harmony Hammond Artist Woody Gwyn is a long-term resident Chef/Author Deborah Madison is a resident, fashion Designer, Producer and Director Tom Ford www. suite101
Galisteo, New Mexico
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Mailboxes in Galisteo
Galisteo, New Mexico
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Tewa warrior with shield
petroglyph at Comanche Gap, on private property south of Galisteo.
16.
Coenties Slip (Manhattan)
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It runs southeast from Pearl Street to South Street, a distance of two blocks. The one block portion between Pearl Street and Water Street carries vehicular traffic, while the section is a pedestrian street. Although surrounded by skyscrapers, a row of buildings from the 19th century still stands along the block that is open to vehicles, and these buildings are in active use by small businesses. The construction of high rise buildings resulted in the removal of the blocks between Water Street and Front Street, and between Front Street and South Street. Part of 55 Water Street and part of the New York Vietnam Veterans Memorial are built on land that was part of Coenties Slip. Both Coenties Slip and Coenties Alley are named after Conraet Ten Eyck, in 2003, Gerard Wolfe reported the pronunciation of Coenties to be /ˈkoʊ. əntiːz/ KOH-ən-teez. Earlier reports include /ˈkwɪnsiːz/ KWIN-seez, /ˈkwɛntʃᵻz/ KWEN-chiz, and /ˈkwɪntʃiːz/ KWIN-cheez, Coenties Alley, formerly City Hall Lane, is an historic pedestrian walkway that leads inland from Coenties Slip. The alley runs south from South William Street to Pearl Street, in the 17th century, New Amsterdams City Hall stood at Coenties Alley on the north side of Pearl Street, just to the north of Coenties Slip. Media related to Coenties Slip at Wikimedia Commons
Coenties Slip (Manhattan)
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The Slip in 1893
17.
Robert Indiana
–
Robert Indiana, born Robert Clark, is an American artist associated with the pop art movement. His LOVE print, first created for the Museum of Modern Arts Christmas card in 1965, was the basis for the widely distributed 1973 United States Postal Service LOVE stamp and his media include paper and Cor-ten steel sculpture. Robert Indiana was born Robert Clark in New Castle, Indiana and he spent the first 17 years of his life living in Indiana moving frequently between cities and eventually lived in 21 different homes. After his parents divorced, he relocated to Indianapolis to live with his father so he could attend Arsenal Technical High School and he returned to America in 1954 and settled in New York City. There he began making art with his hard edge style. Indianas work often consists of bold, simple, iconic images, especially numbers and short words like EAT, HUG, in his EAT series, the word blares in paint or light bulbs against a neutral background, he regularly paired “EAT” with “DIE”. In a major milestone, the architect Philip Johnson commissioned an EAT sign for the New York State Pavilion at the 1964 New York Worlds Fair. The sign was turned off one day after the opening of the fair because visitors believed it to mark a restaurant, Andy Warhols contribution to the fair was also removed that day. Between 1989 and 1994, Indiana painted a series of 18 canvases inspired by the shapes and numbers in the war motifs paintings that Marsden Hartley did in Berlin between 1913–15. Indiana has been a set and costume designer, such as the 1976 production by the Santa Fe Opera of Virgil Thomsons The Mother of Us All. He was the star of Andy Warhols film Eat, which is a 45-minute film of Indiana eating a mushroom, warhol also made the brief silent film Bob Indiana Etc. a portrait of the artist with appearances by Wynn Chamberlain and John Giorno. In 1964, Indiana moved from Coenties Slip to a building at Spring Street. Half a century earlier, Marsden Hartley had made his escape to the same island, when Elisofon died in 1973, Indiana bought the lodge for $10,000 from his estate. He moved in full-time when he lost his lease on the Bowery in 1978, since 1978, he has lived as a resident of Vinalhaven. Indianas best known image is the word Love in upper-case letters, the iconography first appeared in a series of poems originally written in 1958, in which Indiana stacked LO and VE on top of one another. Then in a painting with the words Love is God, the red/green/blue image was then created for a Christmas card for the Museum of Modern Art in 1964. It was put on an eight-cent U. S. Postal Service postage stamp in 1973, the first serigraph/silk screen of Love was printed as part of an exhibition poster for Stable Gallery in 1966. A few examples of the image, in bold blue
Robert Indiana
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Robert Indiana working in Maine (Photo: Charles Rotmil)
Robert Indiana
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Ahava (אהבה "love" in Hebrew),
Cor-ten steel sculpture by Robert Indiana (American), 1977,
Israel Museum,
Jerusalem, Israel
18.
Ellsworth Kelly
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Ellsworth Kelly was an American painter, sculptor, and printmaker associated with hard-edge painting, Color Field painting and minimalism. His works demonstrate unassuming techniques emphasizing simplicity of form, similar to the work of John McLaughlin and he lived and worked in Spencertown, New York. Kelly was born the son of three to Allan Howe Kelly and Florence Bithens Kelly in Newburgh, New York, approximately 60 miles north of New York City. His father was a company executive of Scots-Irish and German descent. His mother was a schoolteacher of Welsh and Pennsylvania-German stock. His family moved from Newburgh to Oradell, New Jersey, a town of nearly 7,500 people and his family lived near the Oradell Reservoir, where his paternal grandmother introduced him to ornithology when he was eight or nine years old. There he developed his passion for form and color, John James Audubon had a particularly strong influence on Kellys work throughout his career. Kelly has said he was alone as a young boy. He had a stutter that persisted into his teenage years. Kelly attended public school, where art classes stressed materials and sought to develop the artistic imagination, although his parents were reluctant to support Kellys art training, a school teacher encouraged him to go further. As his parents would pay only for training, Kelly studied first at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn. Upon entering U. S military service in 1943 Kelly requested to be assigned to the 603rd Engineers Camouflage Battalion and he was inducted at Fort Dix, New Jersey and sent to Camp Hale, Colorado, where he trained with mountain ski troops. Six to eight weeks later, he was transferred to Fort Meade, during World War II, he served with other artists and designers in a deception unit known as The Ghost Army. The Ghost soldiers used inflatable tanks, trucks, and other elements of subterfuge to mislead the Axis forces about the direction and disposition of Allied forces and his exposure to military camouflage during the time he served became part of his basic art training. Kelly served with the unit from 1943 until the end of the European phase of the war. Bill to study from 1946-47 at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, where he took advantage of the museums collections, while in Paris Kelly established his aesthetic. There in the City of Lights he attended classes infrequently, and he had heard a lecture by Max Beckmann on the French artist Paul Cézanne in 1948 and moved to Paris that year. The experience of visiting artists such as Alberto Magnelli, Francis Picabia, Alberto Giacometti, after being abroad for six years, Kelly decided to return to America in 1954
Ellsworth Kelly
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Ellsworth Kelly arrives at LACMA’s gala opening of the Broad Contemporary Art Museum on February 9, 2008 in Los Angeles
Ellsworth Kelly
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Ellsworth Kelly, The Meschers, 1951, oil on canvas, 59 x 59 inches,
Museum of Modern Art. Kelly was a pioneer of
hard-edge painting in the 1940s and 1950s
Ellsworth Kelly
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White Curves (2002), made of white aluminium, in the garden of the
Fondation Beyeler in
Riehen, Switzerland
19.
Barnett Newman
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Barnett Newman was an American artist. He is seen as one of the figures in abstract expressionism. His paintings are existential in tone and content, explicitly composed with the intention of communicating a sense of locality, presence, Newman was born in New York City, the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. He studied philosophy at the City College of New York and worked in his fathers business manufacturing clothing and he later made a living as a teacher, writer and critic. From the 1930s on he made paintings, said to be in an expressionist style, Newman met art teacher Annalee Greenhouse in 1934, they were married on June 30,1936. What is the explanation of the seemingly insane drive of man to be painter and poet if it is not an act of defiance against mans fall, for the artists are the first men. Newman wrote catalogue forewords and reviews and also organized exhibitions before becoming a member of the Uptown Group and having his first solo show at the Betty Parsons Gallery in 1948. Soon after his first exhibition, Newman remarked in one of the Artists Session at Studio 35, We are in the process of making the world, to a certain extent, in our own image. Utilizing his writing skills, Newman fought to reinforce his newly established image as an artist, an example is his letter on April 9,1955, Letter to Sidney Janis. it is true that Rothko talks the fighter. He fights, however, to submit to the philistine world and my struggle against bourgeois society has involved the total rejection of it. Throughout the 1940s he worked in a surrealist vein before developing his mature style and this is characterised by areas of color separated by thin vertical lines, or zips as Newman called them. In the first works featuring zips, the fields are variegated. Newman himself thought that he reached his fully mature style with the Onement series, the zips define the spatial structure of the painting, while simultaneously dividing and uniting the composition. Already 1944 Barnett Newman tried to explain Americas newest art movement, ex-Surrealists, like Matta are mentioned, Wolfgang Paalen Paalen is mentioned twice together with Gottlieb, Rothko, Pollock, Hofmann, Baziotes, Gorky and others. Motherwell is mentioned with a question mark, the zip remained a constant feature of Newmans work throughout his life. In some paintings of the 1950s, such as The Wild, which is eight feet tall by one and a half inches wide, Newman also made a few sculptures which are essentially three-dimensional zips. The Stations of the Cross series of black and white paintings, the series is subtitled Lema sabachthani - why have you forsaken me - the last words spoken by Jesus on the cross, according to the New Testament. Newman saw these words as having universal significance in his own time, the series has also been seen as a memorial to the victims of the holocaust
Barnett Newman
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Onement 1, 1948.
Museum of Modern Art, New York. The first example of Newman using the so-called "zip" to define the spatial structure of his paintings
Barnett Newman
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Who's Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue?, 1966. Typical of Newman's later work, with the use of pure and vibrant color.
Barnett Newman
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Broken Obelisk in the
University of Washington 's
Red Square
Barnett Newman
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Broken Obelisk,
Menil Collection,
Houston, Texas
20.
Ad Reinhardt
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Adolph Frederick Reinhardt was an abstract painter active in New York beginning in the 1930s and continuing through the 1960s. He was a member of the American Abstract Artists and was a part of the movement centered on the Betty Parsons Gallery that became known as abstract expressionism. He was also a member of The Club, the place for the New York School abstract expressionist artists during the 1940s and 1950s. He wrote and lectured extensively on art and was an influence on conceptual art, minimal art. Most famous for his black or ultimate paintings, he claimed to be painting the last paintings that anyone can paint, Reinhardt was born in Buffalo, New York, and lived with his family in the Riverside section along the Niagara River. His cousin Otto and he were close, as well as the extended family and he later studied art history at Columbia College of Columbia University, where he was a close friend of Robert Lax and Thomas Merton. The three developed similar concepts of simplicity in different directions, Reinhardt considered himself a painter from a very early age and began winning prizes for painting in grade school and high school. Upon finishing college he was accredited as a painter by Burgoyne Diller, sponsored by Holty he became a member of the American Abstract Artists group, with whom he exhibited for the next decade. Reinhardt described his association with the group as one of the greatest things ever happened to me. He participated in exhibitions at the Peggy Guggenheim Gallery. He then went on to be represented by Betty Parsons, exhibiting first at the Wakefield Bookshop, Reinhardt had regular solo exhibitions yearly at the Betty Parsons Gallery beginning in 1946. He was involved in the 1940 protest against MoMA, designing the leaflet that asked How modern is the Museum of Modern Art and his works were displayed regularly throughout the 1940s and 1950s at the Annual Exhibitions held at the Whitney Museum of American Art. He was also part of the protest against the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1950 which became known as The Irascibles. Having completed his studies at the New York University Institute of Fine Arts, Reinhardt became a teacher at Brooklyn College in 1947 and he also taught at the California School of Fine Arts in San Francisco, the University of Wyoming, Yale University and Hunter College, New York. The Ad Reinhardt Estate is represented by David Zwirner Gallery, New York, Reinhardts earliest exhibited paintings avoided representation, but show a steady progression away from objects and external reference. His work progressed from compositions of geometrical shapes in the 1940s to works in different shades of the color in the 1950s. Reinhardt is best known for his black paintings of the 1960s. Among many other suggestions, these paintings ask if there can be such a thing as an absolute, even in black, which some viewers may not consider a color at all
Ad Reinhardt
–
Ad Reinhardt painting
21.
Solo show (art exhibition)
–
A solo show or solo exhibition is an exhibition of the work of only one artist. The artwork may be paintings, drawings, etchings, collage, sculpture, the creator of any artistic technique may be the subject of a solo show. Other skills and crafts have similar types of shows for the creators, having solo shows of ones artwork marks the achievement of success and usually is accompanied by receptions and a great deal of publicity. The show may be of current work being produced, those from a time period, or representative work from different periods in the career of the artist. Art exhibitions have a history that dates back to 1623 and it is thought that the first solo exhibition in Britain was staged by Joseph Wright of Derby in 1785, the year after he refused to become a Royal Academician. Generally, as artists begin to show their work they are accepted by commercial gallery owners for display among the works of many or among others who work in the same area, the works of the artists are sold and the galleries take commissions. As artists gain stature and attract a following who will purchase their works in greater numbers, museums also hold exhibitions that change regularly and may choose to feature a solo show of the works of an artist as one of these exhibitions. Works that are gathered on loan from other museums or collectors also may be scheduled for exhibition at one museum as a solo show. Planning for the exhibitions is a long process, museums schedule their exhibitions for a given year well in advance and their negotiations may begin years before the shows are held
Solo show (art exhibition)
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Indian Widow was exhibited at the first recorded solo exhibition of art in Britain, held by
Joseph Wright of Derby during 1785
22.
Drawing Center
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The Drawing Center is a Manhattan, New York, museum and a nonprofit exhibition space that focuses on the exhibition of drawings, both historical and contemporary. In its first year, the Drawing Center attracted 125,000 visitors, after a $10 million renovation in 2012, designed by Claire Weisz of WXY Architecture & Urban Design, the museum today occupies two and a half floors,50 percent more exhibition space. Each year, the Center presents Selections exhibitions featuring the work of emerging artists as well as exhibitions of historical, in conjunction with its interior expansion in 2012, the Drawing Center announced the start of a long-term initiative to exhibit Latin American drawing. The Drawing Room, located across the street from the Main Gallery, features dynamic, drawing-based installations and exhibitions by emerging and under-recognized artists. OBrien, Robert Otto Epstein, Jessica Rankin, Elaine Reichek, Drew Shiflett, Alan Shields, Lenore Tawney and Anne Wilson The Intuitionists group show, artists, Shaun Acton, Valerio Berruti, A. J. Andrea Bowers i Suzanne LacyDrawing Lessons Rashaad Newsome, FIVE Deborah Grant, mendez, Julia Oldham, Alex O’Neal, Roberto Osti, Zach Rockhill, Luis Romero, Alfred Steiner, Justin Storms, Harvey Tulcensky, Jonathan Wahl. Gerhard Richter, Lines which do not exist Claudia Wieserm, Poems of the Right Angle Dorothea Tanning, Early Designs for the Stage Eva Hesse Drawing Leon Golub,1 Contemporary Art Center, as its Executive Director in early 2007. In August 2005, the Drawing Center was considered as one of the groups to occupy the World Trade Center. The plan was scrapped, and then the center’s leadership spent a couple of years exploring a move to the South Street Seaport, by 2010 the museum decided to stay put and expand its Wooster Street home. For the 2012 renovation, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation gave a $3 million grant, as of 2011, attendance was at 35,000 visitors a year
Drawing Center
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The Drawing Center
23.
Mark Rothko
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Mark Rothko, born Markus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz, was an American painter of Russian Jewish descent. Although Rothko himself refused to adhere to any art movement, he is identified as an abstract expressionist. With Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, he is one of the most famous postwar American artists, Mark Rothko was born in Dvinsk, Vitebsk Governorate, in the Russian Empire. His father, Jacob Rothkowitz, was a pharmacist and an intellectual who initially provided his children with a secular and political, rather than religious, according to Rothko, his pro-Marxist father was violently anti-religious. In an environment where Jews were often blamed for many of the evils that befell Russia, despite Jacob Rothkowitzs modest income, the family was highly educated, and Rothko was able to speak Russian, Yiddish, and Hebrew. Fearing that his sons were about to be drafted into the Imperial Russian Army. Markus remained in Russia, with his mother and elder sister Sonia and they arrived as immigrants, at Ellis Island, in late 1913. From that point, they crossed the country, to join Jacob, jacobs death, a few months later, from colon cancer, left the family without economic support. Sonia operated a cash register, while Markus worked in one of his uncles warehouses and his fathers death also led Rothko to sever his ties with religion. After he had mourned his fathers death for almost a year at a local synagogue, Markus had started school in the United States in 1913, quickly accelerating from third to fifth grade. In June 1921, he completed the level, with honors, at Lincoln High School in Portland. He learned his fourth language, English, and became a member of the Jewish community center. Like his father, Rothko was passionate about issues such as workers’ rights, at the time, Portland was the epicentre of revolutionary activity in the U. S. and the region where revolutionary syndicalist union Industrial Workers of the World, was strongest. He heard Emma Goldman speak on one of her West Coast activist lecture tours, with the onset of the Russian Revolution, Rothko organised debates about it. Despite the repressive political atmosphere, he wished to become a union organiser. Rothko received a scholarship to Yale, at the end of his freshman year in 1922, the scholarship was not renewed, and he worked as a waiter and delivery boy to support his studies. He found the Yale community to be elitist and racist, Rothko and a friend, Aaron Director, started a satirical magazine, The Yale Saturday Evening Pest, which lampooned the schools stuffy, bourgeois tone. In any event, Rothkos nature was more that of a man than a diligent pupil, One of his fellow students remembers that he hardly seemed to study
Mark Rothko
–
Rothko visiting the
Scott family in 1959
Mark Rothko
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Mark Rothko, Yorktown Heights, ca. 1949.
Brooklyn Museum, by
Consuelo Kanaga
Mark Rothko
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No. 3/No. 13 (Magenta, Black, Green on Orange), 1949, 85 3/8" × 65" (216.5 × 164.8 cm), oil on canvas,
Museum of Modern Art
Mark Rothko
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No. 61 (Rust and Blue), 1953, 115 cm × 92 cm (45 in × 36 in).
Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
24.
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
–
It is the permanent home of a continuously expanding collection of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, early Modern and contemporary art and also features special exhibitions throughout the year. The museum was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director and it adopted its current name after the death of its founder, Solomon R. Guggenheim, in 1952. In 1959, the museum moved from rented space to its current building, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical building, wider at the top than the bottom, was conceived as a temple of the spirit. Its unique ramp gallery extends up from ground level in a long, the building underwent extensive expansion and renovations in 1992 and from 2005 to 2008. The museums collection has grown organically, over eight decades, and is founded several important private collections. The collection is shared with the museums sister museums in Bilbao, Spain, in 2013, nearly 1.2 million people visited the museum, and it hosted the most popular exhibition in New York City. Solomon R. Guggenheim, a member of a mining family, had been collecting works of the old masters since the 1890s. In 1926, he met artist Hilla von Rebay, who introduced him to European avant-garde art, in abstract art that she felt had a spiritual. Guggenheim completely changed his strategy, turning to the work of Wassily Kandinsky. He began to display his collection to the public at his apartment in the Plaza Hotel in New York City, as the collection grew, he established the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, in 1937, to foster the appreciation of modern art. The foundations first venue for the display of art, the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, opened in 1939 under the direction of Rebay, in midtown Manhattan. By the early 1940s, the foundation had accumulated such a collection of avant-garde paintings that the need for a permanent museum building had become apparent. In 1943, Rebay and Guggenheim wrote a letter to Frank Lloyd Wright asking him to design a structure to house, Wright accepted the opportunity to experiment with his organic style in an urban setting. It took him 15 years,700 sketches, and six sets of working drawings to create the museum, in 1948, the collection was greatly expanded through the purchase of art dealer Karl Nierendorfs estate of some 730 objects, notably German expressionist paintings. By that time, the collection included a broad spectrum of expressionist and surrealist works, including paintings by Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka. Nevertheless, she left a portion of her collection to the foundation in her will, including works by Kandinsky, Klee, Alexander Calder, Albert Gleizes, Mondrian. The museum was renamed the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1952, Rebay conceived of the space as a temple of the spirit that would facilitate a new way of looking at the modern pieces in the collection. She wrote to Wright that each of these great masterpieces should be organized into space, would test the possibilities to do so
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
–
from Fifth Avenue
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
–
Albert Gleizes, 1915, Composition pour Jazz, oil on cardboard, 73 x 73 cm
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
–
The museum's atrium
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
–
Museum under construction in photo taken on Nov. 12, 1957
25.
Minimalist art
–
As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Artists themselves have reacted against the label due to the negative implication of the work being simplistic. Minimalism is often interpreted as a reaction against Abstract expressionism and a bridge to Postminimal art practices, Minimalism in visual art, generally referred to as minimal art, literalist art and ABC Art emerged in New York in the early 1960s. Guggenheim Museum curated by Lawrence Alloway also in 1966 that showcased Geometric abstraction in the American art world via Shaped canvas, Color Field, in the wake of those exhibitions and a few others the art movement called minimal art emerged. Others will come after us who will do the same and that is the tremendous secret of the future. Monochrome painting was initiated at the first Incoherent arts exhibition in 1882 in Paris, with a black painting by poet Paul Bilhaud entitled Combat de Nègres dans un tunnel. Minimal art is inspired in part by the paintings of Barnett Newman, Ad Reinhardt, Josef Albers, and the works of artists as diverse as Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp, Giorgio Morandi. Minimalism was also a reaction against the painterly subjectivity of Abstract Expressionism that had been dominant in the New York School during the 1940s and 1950s. The wide range of possibilities of interpretation of monochrome paintings is arguably why the monochrome is so engaging to so many artists, critics, although the monochrome has never become dominant and few artists have committed themselves exclusively to it, it has never gone away. It reappears as though a spectre haunting high modernism, or as a symbol of it, appearing during times of aesthetic and sociopolitical upheavals. The philosopher or art historian who can envision me—or anyone at all—arriving at aesthetic judgments in this way reads shockingly more into himself or herself than into my article. They very explicitly stated that their art was not about self-expression, in general, Minimalisms features included geometric, often cubic forms purged of much metaphor, equality of parts, repetition, neutral surfaces, and industrial materials. Robert Morris, an influential theorist and artist, wrote a three part essay, Notes on Sculpture 1-3, originally published across three issues of Artforum in 1966. In these essays, Morris attempted to define a conceptual framework and formal elements for himself and these essays paid great attention to the idea of the gestalt - parts. Bound together in such a way that create a maximum resistance to perceptual separation. Morris later described an art represented by a marked lateral spread, the general shift in theory of which this essay is an expression suggests the transitions into what would later be referred to as postminimalism. The decisions about structures on the front surface of the canvas were therefore not entirely subjective, in the show catalog, Carl Andre noted, Art excludes the unnecessary. Frank Stella has found it necessary to paint stripes, there is nothing else in his painting
Minimalist art
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Donald Judd, Untitled, 1991,
Israel Museum Art Garden,
Jerusalem.
Minimalist art
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Frank Stella,
Die Fahne Hoch!, 1959,
Whitney Museum of American Art
Minimalist art
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Tony Smith, Free Ride, 1962, 6'8 x 6'8 x 6'8
Minimalist art
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Kazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, oil on canvas,
Tretyakov Gallery,
Moscow
26.
Sol LeWitt
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Solomon Sol LeWitt was an American artist linked to various movements, including Conceptual art and Minimalism. LeWitt came to fame in the late 1960s with his drawings and structures but was prolific in a wide range of media including drawing, printmaking, photography. He has been the subject of hundreds of exhibitions in museums. LeWitt was born in Hartford, Connecticut to a family of Jewish immigrants from Russia and his mother took him to art classes at the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford. After receiving a BFA from Syracuse University in 1949, LeWitt traveled to Europe where he was exposed to Old Master paintings, shortly thereafter, he served in the Korean War, first in California, then Japan, and finally Korea. LeWitt moved to New York City in 1953 and set up a studio on the Lower East Side, during this time he studied at the School of Visual Arts while also pursuing his interest in design at Seventeen magazine, where he did paste-ups, mechanicals, and photostats. In 1955, he was a designer in the office of architect I. M. Pei for a year. Around that time, LeWitt also discovered the work of the late 19th-century photographer Eadweard Muybridge, whose studies in sequence and locomotion were an early influence. These experiences, combined with a job as a night receptionist and clerk he took in 1960 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. At MoMA, LeWitt’s co-workers included fellow artists Robert Ryman, Dan Flavin, Gene Beery, and Robert Mangold, LeWitt also became friends with Hanne Darboven, Eva Hesse, and Robert Smithson. LeWitt taught at several New York schools, including New York University, in 1980, LeWitt left New York for Spoleto, Italy. After returning to the United States in the late 1980s, LeWitt made Chester, Connecticut and he died at age 78 in New York from cancer complications. LeWitt is regarded as a founder of both Minimal and Conceptual art and his prolific two and three-dimensional work ranges from wall drawings to hundreds of works on paper extending to structures in the form of towers, pyramids, geometric forms, and progressions. These works range in size from gallery-sized installations to monumental outdoor pieces, LeWitt’s first serial sculptures were created in the 1960s using the modular form of the square in arrangements of varying visual complexity. In 1979, LeWitt participated in the design for the Lucinda Childs Dance Companys piece Dance, in the early 1960s, LeWitt first began to create his structures, a term he used to describe his three-dimensional work. His frequent use of open, modular structures originates from the cube, a form that influenced the artist’s thinking from the time that he first became an artist. After creating a body of work made up of closed form wooden objects, heavily-lacquered by hand, in the mid-1960s he “decided to remove the skin altogether and reveal the structure. ”This skeletal form. In the mid-1960s, LeWitt began to work with the open cube, from 1969, he would conceive many of his modular structures on a large scale, to be constructed in aluminum or steel by industrial fabricators
Sol LeWitt
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Sol LeWitt, c.1965
Sol LeWitt
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Sol LeWitt, Untitled
lithograph 1992
Sol LeWitt
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Sol LeWitt, Isometric Projection #13, ink and pencil drawing on paper 1981
Sol LeWitt
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Sol LeWitt, wall drawing, in May 2012 during the Wall Drawings from 1968 to 2007 Sol LeWitt restrospective exhibition at the
Centre Pompidou-Metz,
Metz, France.
27.
Donald Judd
–
Donald Judd was an American artist associated with minimalism. In his work, Judd sought autonomy and clarity for the constructed object and it created an outpouring of seemingly effervescent works that defied the term minimalism. Nevertheless, he is considered the leading international exponent of minimalism. Judd was born in Excelsior Springs, Missouri, at Columbia, he earned a degree in philosophy and worked towards a masters in art history under Rudolf Wittkower and Meyer Schapiro. At this time he attended night classes at the Art Students League of New York. He supported himself by writing art criticism for major American art magazines between 1959 and 1965, in 1968 Judd bought a five-story cast-iron building, designed by Nicholas Whyte in 1870, at 101 Spring Street for under $70,000, serving as his New York residence and studio. Over the next 25 years, Judd renovated the floor by floor. In the late 1940s, Donald Judd began to practice as a painter and his first solo exhibition, of expressionist paintings, opened in New York in 1957. His artistic style soon moved away from media and embraced constructions in which materiality was central to the work. He would not have one person show until the Green Gallery in 1963. By 1963 Judd had established an essential vocabulary of forms — ‘stacks’, ‘boxes’ and ‘progressions’ — which preoccupied him for the thirty years. Most of his output was in freestanding specific objects, that simple, often repeated forms to explore space. Humble materials such as metals, industrial plywood, concrete and color-impregnated Plexiglas became staples of his career, Judds first floor box structure was made in 1964, and his first floor box using Plexiglas followed one year later. While Judd executed early works himself, in 1964 he began delegating fabrication to professional artisans, in 1965, Judd created his first stack, an arrangement of identical iron units stretching from floor to ceiling. As he abandoned painting for sculpture in the early 1960s, he wrote the manifesto-like essay “Specific Objects” in 1964 and he pointed to evidence of this development in the works of an array of artists active in New York at the time, including H. C. Westermann, Lucas Samaras, John Chamberlain, Jasper Johns, Dan Flavin, George Earl Ortman and that the categorical identity of such objects was itself in question, and that they avoided easy association with well-worn and over-familiar conventions, was a part of their value for Judd. He replied that methods should not matter as long as the results create art, in 1968, the Whitney Museum of American Art staged a retrospective of his work which included none of his early paintings. In 1968, Judd bought a building in New York that allowed him to start placing his work in a more permanent manner than was possible in gallery or museum shows
Donald Judd
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Donald Judd, Untitled, 1977,
Münster, Germany
Donald Judd
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Donald Judd, American Visions: The Age of Anxiety, 1997 on
YouTube. Premiered on BBC.
Donald Judd
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Untitled (1991),
Israel Museum, Jerusalem
28.
Intellectualism
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Intellectualism denotes the use, development, and exercise of the intellect, the practice of being an intellectual, and the Life of the Mind. In the field of philosophy, “intellectualism” occasionally is synonymous with “rationalism”, socially, “intellectualism” negatively connotes, single-mindedness of purpose and emotional coldness. So defined, Socratic intellectualism became a key doctrine of Stoicism. Hence, without concerning the rational intellect, spiritual knowledge is integral to the broader principle of “caring for the self”. Therefore, to understand truth meant “intellectual knowledge” requiring one’s integration to the truth, and authentically living it in speech, heart. This ancient, Socratic moral philosophic perspective contradicts the contemporary understanding of truth, in medieval philosophy, intellectualism is a doctrine of divine and human action, wherein the faculty of intellect precedes, and is superior to, the faculty of the will. For voluntarism, by contrast, it is the Will which identifies which objects are good, anti-intellectualism Chinese intellectualism Intellectual Intellectual movements in Iran Intelligentsia Sanism
Intellectualism
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The Life of the Mind: the philosophic pioneer, Socrates (ca.469–399 B.C.)
Intellectualism
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Ibn Rushd (Averroës), the preeminent philosopher in the history of Al-Andalus, intellectually defended Aristotelian philosophy against clerical prejudice.
Intellectualism
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In pursuit of truth, Thomas Aquinas proposed that truth exists wherever it is found.
29.
Taoism
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Taoism, also known as Daoism, is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao. The Tao is an idea in most Chinese philosophical schools, in Taoism, however. Taoism differs from Confucianism by not emphasizing rigid rituals and social order, the Tao Te Ching, a compact book containing teachings attributed to Laozi, is widely considered the keystone work of the Taoist tradition, together with the later writings of Zhuangzi. By the Han dynasty, the sources of Taoism had coalesced into a coherent tradition of religious organizations. In earlier ancient China, Taoists were thought of as hermits or recluses who did not participate in political life, Zhuangzi was the best known of these, and it is significant that he lived in the south, where he was part of local Chinese shamanic traditions. Women shamans played an important role in this tradition, which was strong in the southern state of Chu. Early Taoist movements developed their own institution in contrast to shamanism, shamans revealed basic texts of Taoism from early times down to at least the 20th century. Institutional orders of Taoism evolved in various strains that in recent times are conventionally grouped into two main branches, Quanzhen Taoism and Zhengyi Taoism. After Laozi and Zhuangzi, the literature of Taoism grew steadily and was compiled in form of a canon—the Daozang—which was published at the behest of the emperor, throughout Chinese history, Taoism was nominated several times as a state religion. After the 17th century, however, it fell from favor, Chinese alchemy, Chinese astrology, Chan Buddhism, several martial arts, traditional Chinese medicine, feng shui, and many styles of qigong have been intertwined with Taoism throughout history. Beyond China, Taoism also had influence on surrounding societies in Asia, Taoism also has a presence in Hong Kong, Macau, and in Southeast Asia. English speakers continue to debate the preferred romanization of the words Daoism and Taoism, the root Chinese word 道 way, path is romanized tao in the older Wade–Giles system and dào in the modern Pinyin system. In linguistic terminology, English Taoism/Daoism is formed from the Chinese loanword tao/dao 道 way, route, principle and the native suffix -ism. The debate over Taoism vs. Daoism involves sinology, phonemes, loanwords, Daoism is pronounced /ˈdaʊ. ɪzəm/, but English speakers disagree whether Taoism should be /ˈdaʊ. ɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊ. ɪzəm/. In theory, both Wade–Giles tao and Pinyin dao are articulated identically, as are Taoism and Daoism, an investment book titled The Tao Jones Averages illustrates this /daʊ/ pronunciations widespread familiarity. In speech, Tao and Taoism are often pronounced /ˈtaʊ/ and ˈtaʊ. ɪzəm/, lexicography shows American and British English differences in pronouncing Taoism. Taoist philosophy or Taology, or the mystical aspect — The philosophical doctrines based on the texts of the I Ching, the Tao Te Ching and these texts were linked together as Taoist philosophy during the early Han Dynasty, but notably not before. It is unlikely that Zhuangzi was familiar with the text of the Daodejing, however, the discussed distinction is rejected by the majority of Western and Japanese scholars
Taoism
–
Taoist rite at the Qingyanggong (Green Goat Temple) in
Chengdu
Taoism
–
Gates of the Chunyang
gong in
Datong,
Shanxi. It's a temple dedicated to
Lü Dongbin.
Taoism
–
A
daoshi (Taoist priest) in
Macau.
Taoism
–
Jintai
guan (金台观) in
Baoji,
Shaanxi.
30.
Whitney Museum of American Art
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The Whitney Museum of American Art – known informally as the Whitney – is an art museum located in Manhattan. It was founded in 1931 by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, a wealthy and prominent American socialite, the Whitney focuses on 20th- and 21st-century American art. Its permanent collection more than 21,000 paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, photographs, films, videos. The museums Annual and Biennial exhibitions have long been a venue for younger, from 1966 to 2014, the Whitney was located at 945 Madison Avenue at East 75th Street in Manhattans Upper East Side. Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, the namesake and founder, was herself a well-regarded sculptor as well as a serious art collector. With the aid of her assistant, Juliana R. Force, in 1929, she offered to donate over 500 works of art to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, but the museum declined the gift. This, along with the apparent preference for European modernism at the recently opened Museum of Modern Art, led Whitney to start her own museum, exclusively for American art, in 1929. Force became the first director of the museum, and under her guidance, in 1954, the museum left its original location and moved to a small structure on 54th Street connected to and behind the Museum of Modern Art on 53rd Street. On April 15,1958, a fire on the floor of MOMA that killed one person forced the evacuation of paintings. Among the paintings moved in the evacuation was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte which had been on loan from the Art Institute of Chicago, in 1961, the museum began seeking a site for a larger building. The Whitney settled in 1966 at the southeast corner of Madison Avenue at 75th Street in Manhattans Upper East Side, in 1967, Mauricio Lasansky showed The Nazi Drawings. The exhibition traveled to the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the institution grappled with space problems for decades. From 1973 to 1983 the Whitney operated its first branch at 55 Water Street, in 1983 Philip Morris installed a Whitney branch in the lobby of its Park Avenue headquarters. In 1981 the museum opened a space in Stamford, Connecticut. Each museum had its own director, and all plans were to be approved by a Whitney committee, but each time the effort was abandoned, either because of the cost or the design or both. In order to secure space for the museums collections, then-director Thomas N. Armstrong III developed plans for a 10-story. The proposed addition, designed by Michael Graves and announced in 1985, Graves had proposed demolishing the flanking brownstones down to the East 74th Street corner for a complementary addition. After the project gradually lost the support of many of the museum’s trustees, between 1995 and 1998, the building underwent a renovation and addition by Richard Gluckman
Whitney Museum of American Art
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Gansevoort Street location under construction, late 2014
Whitney Museum of American Art
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The Whitney's original location, at 8–12
West 8th Street, between
Fifth Avenue and
MacDougal Street in
Greenwich Village
Whitney Museum of American Art
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The Whitney Museum of American Art's former (1966-2014) home on Madison Avenue. The
Marcel Breuer -designed building will be leased by the
Metropolitan Museum of Art beginning in 2015.
Whitney Museum of American Art
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Gansevoort Street location under construction, 2014
