1.
Clinton, Massachusetts
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Clinton is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 13,606 at the 2010 census, for geographic and demographic information on the census-designated place Clinton, please see the article Clinton, Massachusetts. Clinton was first settled in 1654 as a part of Lancaster, Clinton became an industrialized mill town, using the Nashua River as a source for water power. In 1897, construction began on the Wachusett Dam, culminating in the filling of the Wachusett Reservoir in 1908 and this flooded a substantial portion of Clinton and neighboring towns, which had to be relocated. A noteworthy feature of the Boston metropolitan public water service was begun in 1896 in the Wachusett lake reservoir at Clinton, the basin excavated there by ten years of labour, lying 385 ft. Part of the Central Massachusetts Railroad line abandoned in 1958 includes a tunnel near Clamshell Road, by 1890, Clinton was noted for its manufacturing of carpets and woven wire. Clinton claims to have the oldest continuously-used baseball field in the world, Fuller Field and this challenges the claim by London, Ontario, which argues for Labatt Memorial Park, established as Tecumseh Park in 1877. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 7.3 square miles, of which 5.7 square miles is land and 1.6 square miles. The Nashua River runs through the town, and the large Wachusett Reservoir lies to the south of the town center, Clinton is bordered by Lancaster to the north, Bolton to the northeast, Berlin to the east, Boylston to the south, and Sterling to the west. As of the census of 2000, there were 13,435 people,5,597 households, the population density was 2,387 inhabitants per square mile. There were 5,844 housing units at a density of 1,024.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 88. 20% White,2. 58% Black or African American,0. 22% Native American,0. 89% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,5. 95% from other races, and 2. 13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 11. 60% of the population, ethnic heritages include Irish, Scottish, German, Québécois, Acadian, Swedish, Italian, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Mexican, Greek, and Polish. Many emigrants from the Louisburgh area of County Mayo settled in the town in the early 1900s. 33. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.06. In the town, the population was out with 23. 0% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,32. 9% from 25 to 44,21. 3% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males, the median income for a household in the town was $44,740, and the median income for a family was $53,308
Clinton, Massachusetts
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Clinton Town Hall
Clinton, Massachusetts
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The Central Park Foster Fountain on the Clinton town common.
2.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
Massachusetts
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A portion of the north-central
Pioneer Valley in
Sunderland
Massachusetts
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Flag
Massachusetts
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Many coastal areas in Massachusetts provide breeding areas for species such as the
piping plover
Massachusetts
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The
Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by
William Halsall (1882). The
Pilgrims were a group of
Puritans who founded
Plymouth in 1620.
3.
Rochester, Minnesota
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Rochester is a city in the U. S. State of Minnesota and is the county seat of Olmsted County. Located on the Zumbro Rivers south fork, the city has a population of 106,769 according to the 2010 United States Census, the U. S. Census Bureau estimated that the 2015 population was 112,225. It is Minnesotas third-largest city and the largest city located outside of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area, as of 2015, the Rochester metropolitan area has a population of 213,873. It is the home of Mayo Clinic and one of IBMs largest facilities, Rochester was founded in 1854, and platted in 1855. Rochester developed as a stop between Saint Paul, Minnesota, and Dubuque, Iowa. When the railroad arrived in the 1860s, it brought new residents, in 1863, Dr. William W. Mayo arrived as the examining surgeon for draftees in the Civil War. The community was named after Rochester, New York, on August 21,1883, the Great Tornado demolished much of Rochester, leaving 37 dead and about 200 injured. As there was no medical facility at the time, Mayo, donations of $60,000 were collected and the Sisters of St. Francis, assisted by Mayo, opened a new facility named St. Marys Hospital in 1889. The Mayo practice grew and is today among the largest and most well-respected medical facilities in the world, Rochester has also been hit by two F4 tornadoes since 1950 Rochester celebrated its sesquicentennial in 2004. Rochester lies alongside the South Fork of the Zumbro River, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 54.75 square miles, of which 54.59 square miles of it is land and 0.16 square miles is water. The city is located 85 miles southeast of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Rochester is in Olmsted County, one of only four counties in Minnesota without a natural lake. Artificial lakes exist in the area, including Silver Lake, a portion of the South Fork Zumbro River just below the convergence with Silver Creek near the city center. Silver Lake was once used as a pond when the coal-burning power plant was operated by Rochester Public Utilities. When operational, the RPU coal plants heated water output prevented the lake from generally freezing over during the winter months, Rochester has many parks, the largest being Silver Lake and Soldiers Field. A major flood in 1978 led the city to embark on an expensive project that involved altering many nearby rivers. Rochester features a continental climate, with hot summers and very cold winters. The city features four distinct seasons, Rochester sees on average 30 inches of rainfall and 48 inches of snowfall per year. Significant snow accumulation is common during the winter months, spring and fall are transitional seasons, with a general warming trend during the spring and a general cooling trend during the fall
Rochester, Minnesota
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Downtown Rochester reflected in south
Silver Lake
Rochester, Minnesota
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Old City Hall
Rochester, Minnesota
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Downtown Rochester seen from Quarry Hill Park.
Rochester, Minnesota
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Downtown Rochester reflected in the Zumbro River
4.
Minnesota
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Minnesota is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States. Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U. S. state on May 11,1858, the state has a large number of lakes, and is known by the slogan Land of 10,000 Lakes. Its official motto is LÉtoile du Nord, Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U. S. Minnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout. Until European settlement, Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe, in recent decades, immigration from Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition. Minnesotas standard of living index is among the highest in the United States, Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers by dropping milk into water and calling it mnisota. Many places in the state have similar names, such as Minnehaha Falls, Minneiska, Minneota, Minnetonka, Minnetrista, and Minneapolis, a combination of mni and polis, Minnesota is the second northernmost U. S. state. Its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods county is the part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th parallel. The state is part of the U. S. region known as the Upper Midwest and it shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and a land and water border with Wisconsin to the east. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota are to the west, with 86,943 square miles, or approximately 2.25 percent of the United States, Minnesota is the 12th-largest state. Minnesota has some of the Earths oldest rocks, gneisses that are about 3.6 billion years old. About 2.7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean, the roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Following a period of volcanism 1, in more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago and these glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. This area is known as the Driftless Zone for its absence of glacial drift, much of the remainder of the state outside the northeast has 50 feet or more of glacial till left behind as the last glaciers retreated. Gigantic Lake Agassiz formed in the northwest 13,000 years ago and its bed created the fertile Red River valley, and its outflow, glacial River Warren, carved the valley of the Minnesota River and the Upper Mississippi downstream from Fort Snelling. Minnesota is geologically quiet today, it experiences earthquakes infrequently, the states high point is Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet, which is only 13 miles away from the low of 601 feet at the shore of Lake Superior. Notwithstanding dramatic local differences in elevation, much of the state is a rolling peneplain. Two major drainage divides meet in Minnesotas northeast in rural Hibbing, forming a triple watershed, precipitation can follow the Mississippi River south to the Gulf of Mexico, the Saint Lawrence Seaway east to the Atlantic Ocean, or the Hudson Bay watershed to the Arctic Ocean
Minnesota
Minnesota
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Flag
Minnesota
Minnesota
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Eagle Mountain, the highest natural point in Minnesota at 2,301 feet (701 m) is located in northeastern part of the state.
5.
Dayton, Ohio
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Dayton is the sixth-largest city in the U. S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Montgomery County. A small portion of the city extends into Greene County, the Dayton-Springfield-Greenville Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,080,044 in 2010, making it the 43rd-largest in the United States. Dayton is within Ohios Miami Valley region, just north of the Cincinnati–Northern Kentucky metropolitan area, Dayton also hosts significant research and development in fields like industrial, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations. Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, with the decline of heavy manufacturing, Daytons businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors. Other than defense and aerospace, healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton areas economy, hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000 and a yearly economic impact of $6.8 billion. It is estimated that Premier Health Partners, a network, contributes more than $2 billion a year to the region through operating, employment. In 2011, Dayton was rated the No.3 city in the out of the top 50 cities in the United States by HealthGrades for excellence in health care. Many hospitals in the Dayton area are consistently ranked by Forbes, U. S. News & World Report, and HealthGrades for clinical excellence. Dayton is also noted for its association with aviation, the city is home to the National Museum of the United States Air Force and is the birthplace of Orville Wright, other well-known individuals born in the city include poet Paul Laurence Dunbar and entrepreneur John H. Patterson. Dayton is also known for its patents, inventions, and inventors that have come from the area. In 2008,2009, and 2010, Site Selection magazine ranked Dayton the No.1 mid-sized metropolitan area in the nation for economic development, also in 2010, Dayton was named one of the best places in the United States for college graduates to find a job. Dayton was founded on April 1,1796, by 12 settlers known as The Thompson Party and they traveled in March from Cincinnati up the Great Miami River by pirogue and landed at what is now St. Clair Street, where they found two small camps of Native Americans. Among them was Benjamin Van Cleve, whose memoirs provide insights into the Ohio Valleys history, two other groups traveling overland arrived several days later. In 1797, Daniel C. Cooper laid out Mad River Road, Ohio was admitted into the Union in 1803, and the city of Dayton was incorporated in 1805. The city was named after Jonathan Dayton, a captain in the American Revolutionary War who signed the U. S, constitution and owned a significant amount of land in the area. Historically, Dayton has been the home for many patents and inventions since the 1870s, according to the National Park Service, citing information from the U. S. Patent Office, Dayton had granted more patents per capita than any other U. S. city in 1890, the Wright brothers, inventors of the airplane, and Charles F. Kettering, world-renowned for his numerous inventions, hailed from Dayton. Paul Laurence Dunbar – a famous African-American poet and novelist – penned his most famous works in the late 19th century, innovation led to business growth in the region
Dayton, Ohio
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Dayton, Ohio
Dayton, Ohio
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Seal
Dayton, Ohio
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Dayton in 1870
Dayton, Ohio
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C-5 Galaxy at Wright-Patterson AFB
6.
Muskingum College
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Muskingum University is a private university located in New Concord, Ohio, United States. It is located approximately sixty miles east of the capital of Columbus. Founded in 1837, Muskingum University is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church, collectively, the universitys alumni are referred to as the Long Magenta Line and students are known simply as Muskies while its athletic teams are called the Fighting Muskies. New Concord, Ohio is located in far eastern Muskingum County, Muskingum offers more than 40 academic majors. Graduate programs are offered in education and management information systems, strategy and technology, Muskingums campus consists of 21 buildings, a football stadium and a small lake, which all sit atop 225 acres of rolling hills overlooking New Concord. In 1827, the National Road was laid through what is now New Concord, a year later, the village of New Concord, Ohio was established by Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. On July 9,1836, the first recorded meeting of the Friends of Education in New Concord, led by New Concord residents Samuel Willson and Benjamin Waddle, was held. A year later, the Ohio General Assembly authorized the creation of a college in New Concord, on April 24,1837, Muskingum College opened. Muskingum became an institution in 1854. In 1958, the United Presbyterian Church of North America and the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America merged by signing an agreement in Brown Chapel on Muskingums campus. In 2001, the womens softball team captured the NCAA Division III National Championship. Muskingum has been accredited by the North Central Association of College. Among Muskingums strongest undergraduate academic programs are its division, math program, education department. Muskingum is often proclaimed as a best value in education, by combining strong academics with low tuition, by U. S. News & World Report, most of Muskingums academic buildings are clustered around a traditional quad near the southern part of the campus. Brown Chapel sits on the corner of the quad. Paul Hall is the oldest building on Muskingums campus, two previous versions of this building burnt down early in the schools history. This third structure is named for Dr. David Paul, president of the College from 1865 to 1879, the building, which currently houses the music department, is registered as a National Historic Site. Johnson Hall is named for Dr. Jesse Johnson, Muskingums president from 1883 to 1902, renovated in 1977, it contained art studios, the Louis Palmer Gallery and a 160-seat proscenium thrust theater
Muskingum College
Muskingum College
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Muskingum University
Muskingum College
Muskingum College
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Montgomery Hall, Muskingum's main administrative building
7.
American Academy of Dramatic Arts
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The American Academy of Dramatic Arts is a two-year performing arts conservatory with bi-coastal facilities at 120 Madison Avenue, Manhattan, and at 1336 North La Brea Avenue, Los Angeles. The oldest acting school in the English speaking world, the Academy in New York City was founded in 1884 to train actors for the stage and its first home was the original Lyceum Theatre on what is now Park Avenue South. In 1963, the moved to its current home, a landmark building designed by noted architect Stanford White as the original Colony Club. In 1974, the Academy opened another campus in Pasadena, California, the Los Angeles campus moved from Pasadena to Hollywood in 2001 in a new building next to the site of the former studios of Charlie Chaplin. The Academy remains dedicated to training professional actors and it offers a two-year program in which students have to be invited back for the second year. Auditions are held at the end of the year for the third year company. Students who graduate in New York receive an Associate of Occupational Studies degree, students from New York and Los Angeles can get a Bachelor of Arts degree from selected universities. Numerous students of the Academy have gone on to distinguished careers throughout the entertainment industry, receiving nominations for Tonys, Oscars, from their Web site, The Academy has many teachers and faculty who have many professional connections and credits. Notable faculty includes, David Dean Bottrell, Karen Hensel, Sandy Martin, Ian Ogilvy, notes American Academy of Dramatic Arts Home Page
American Academy of Dramatic Arts
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The
New York City location in the former
Colony Club building
American Academy of Dramatic Arts
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American Academy of Dramatic Arts
8.
List of Bewitched characters
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There are many characters in Bewitched, a fantasy television sitcom. Samantha Stephens is a witch and the shows protagonist, shes married to a mortal named Darrin Stephens and has two magical children by him. Samantha often has difficulty adjusting to life, even though she is trying to give up using her powers. She is perhaps the most sensible character in the show, she enjoys her mothers company and is able to take her jabs at mortal life with ease and she is optimistic and treats everyone with respect be they magical creatures, powerful witches and wizards, or ordinary people. Darrin Stephens is a married to Samantha. He did not know she was a witch until she told him after their marriage and he works as a Vice President/Account Executive at the McMann & Tate Advertising agency. Dick York was unable to continue his role as Darrin because of a back condition. Starting during the season, Yorks disability caused ongoing shooting delays. After collapsing while filming the episode Daddy Does His Thing and being rushed to the hospital in January 1969, dick Sargent, who would go on to play Darrin in the sixth through eighth seasons, was cast for the role that same month. Endora, is Darrins chief antagonist of the series and Samanthas mother, like all witches, she never reveals her surname, indicating to Darrin that he would be unable to pronounce it. Endora loathes mortals and disapproves of Darrin, as do many of Samanthas relatives, Endora refuses to even use Darrins name, alternatively calling him Derwood, Whats-his-name, Darwin, Dum-Dum, etc. all much to his annoyance. She refers to him as Darrin only eight times during the entire series, Endoras ploys to provoke a breakup always fail as Samantha and Darrins love overcomes every obstacle. Even though Endora casts countless farcical spells on Darrin, she never attempts to destroy him outright, during the first season, Endora threatens her warlock husband Maurice, saying that she will not have a human being on her conscience. It was one of the few times when Endora went out of her way to protect Darrin from Maurice and she doesnt get along with Darrins mother, Phyllis Stephens, but they are civil to one another in, what Samantha calls killing one another with kindness. Endora does dote on her grandchildren, Tabitha and Adam, and by them, Larry Tate is Darrins profit-obsessed boss. Tates opinions turn on a dime to appease a client in an attempt to land a deal, however, there are two episodes that show evidence that Larry has deep feelings as well as having a sense of integrity. In the first season installment, And Something Makes Three, Larry realizes he is to become a father for the first time and is almost overcome with joyful emotion, Louise Tate is Larrys wife and Samanthas closest mortal friend. Louise Tate was played by Irene Vernon during the first two seasons and then replaced by Kasey Rogers, who wore a black wig to appear similar to Vernon
List of Bewitched characters
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Agnes Moorehead as Endora
List of Bewitched characters
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Samantha and Uncle Arthur in the 1968 episode, "No Harm Charm"
9.
Bewitched
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Bewitched is an American television sitcom fantasy series, originally broadcast for eight seasons on ABC from September 17,1964, to March 25,1972. It was created by Sol Saks under executive director Harry Ackerman, and starred Elizabeth Montgomery, Dick York, Agnes Moorehead, Dick Sargent replaced an ill York for the final three seasons. The show is about a witch who marries a mortal man. Bewitched enjoyed great popularity, finishing as the two show in America during its debut season, and becoming the longest-running supernatural-themed sitcom of the 1960s–1970s. The show continues to be throughout the world in syndication and on recorded media. In 2002, Bewitched was ranked #50 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, in 1997, the same magazine ranked the season 2 episode Divided He Falls #48 on their list of the 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. A beautiful witch named Samantha meets and marries a mortal named Darrin Stephens, while Samantha complies with Darrins wishes to become a normal suburban housewife, her magical family disapproves of the mixed marriage and frequently interferes in the couples lives. Episodes often begin with Darrin becoming the victim of a spell, the effects of which wreak havoc with mortals such as his boss, clients, parents, and neighbors. By the epilogue, however, Darrin and Samantha most often embrace, the witches and their male counterparts, warlocks, are very long-lived, while Samantha appears to be a young woman, many episodes suggest she is actually hundreds of years old. To keep their society secret, witches avoid showing their powers in front of other than Darrin. Nevertheless, the effects of their spells – and Samanthas attempts to hide their supernatural origin from mortals – drive the plot of most episodes, Witches and warlocks usually use physical gestures along with their incantations. To perform magic, Samantha often twitches her nose to create a spell, special visual effects are accompanied by music to highlight such an action. The season 3 episode Soap Box Derby shows the Mills Garage in Patterson as a neighbors sons car sponsor, Elizabeth Montgomery owned a second home in Patterson. Many scenes also take place at the fictional Madison Avenue advertising agency McMann and Tate, during its run, the series had a number of major cast changes, often because of illness or death of the actors. In particular, the performer playing Darrin was replaced mid-season, in I Married a Witch, Wallace Wooley is a descendant of people who executed witches at the Salem witch trials. As revenge, a witch prepares a potion for him. She ends up consuming her own potion and falling for her enemy and her father is against this union. In the film of Bell, Book and Candle, modern witch Gillian Holroyd uses a spell on Shep Henderson to have a simple fling with him
Bewitched
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Bewitched
Bewitched
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Dick York, Elizabeth Montgomery (front) and Agnes Moorehead (back) as Darrin, Samantha and Endora
Bewitched
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Dick Sargent, Elizabeth Montgomery, Erin Murphy and David Lawrence during the show's final season
10.
Citizen Kane
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Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star. The picture was Welless first feature film, nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories, it won an Academy Award for Best Writing by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles. It topped the American Film Institutes 100 Years,100 Movies list in 1998, as well as its 2007 update. Citizen Kane is particularly praised for its cinematography, music, and narrative structure, upon its release, Hearst prohibited mention of the film in any of his newspapers. Kanes career in the world is born of idealistic social service. Narrated principally through flashbacks, the story is told through the research of a reporter seeking to solve the mystery of the newspaper magnates dying word. After the Broadway successes of Welless Mercury Theatre and the controversial 1938 radio broadcast The War of the Worlds on The Mercury Theatre on the Air and he signed a contract with RKO Pictures in 1939. Unusually for a director, he was given the freedom to develop his own story, to use his own cast and crew. Following two abortive attempts to get a project off the ground, he wrote the screenplay for Citizen Kane, principal photography took place in 1940 and the film received its American release in 1941. While a critical success, Citizen Kane failed to recoup its costs at the box office, the film faded from view after its release but was subsequently returned to the publics attention when it was praised by such French critics as André Bazin and given an American revival in 1956. The film was released on Blu-ray on September 13,2011, in a mansion in Xanadu, a vast palatial estate in Florida, the elderly Charles Foster Kane is on his deathbed. Holding a snow globe, he utters a word, Rosebud, and dies, a newsreel obituary tells the life story of Kane, an enormously wealthy newspaper publisher. Kanes death becomes sensational news around the world, and the newsreels producer tasks reporter Jerry Thompson with discovering the meaning of Rosebud, Thompson sets out to interview Kanes friends and associates. He approaches Kanes second wife, Susan Alexander Kane, now an alcoholic who runs her own nightclub, Thompson goes to the private archive of the late banker Walter Parks Thatcher. Through Thatchers written memoirs, Thompson learns that Kanes childhood began in poverty in Colorado, in 1871, after a gold mine was discovered on her property, Kanes mother Mary Kane sends Charles away to live with Thatcher so that he would be properly educated. While Thatcher and Charles parents discuss arrangements inside, the young Kane plays happily with a sled in the snow outside his parents boarding-house and protests being sent to live with Thatcher. Years later, after gaining control over his trust fund at the age of 25, Kane enters the newspaper business. He takes control of the New York Inquirer and starts publishing scandalous articles that attack Thatchers business interests, after the stock market crash in 1929, Kane is forced to sell controlling interest of his newspaper empire to Thatcher
Citizen Kane
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Theatrical release poster
Citizen Kane
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Orson Welles as Charles Foster Kane
Citizen Kane
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Welles's radio broadcast of "
The War of the Worlds " in 1938 caught the attention of
RKO studio head
George J. Schaefer.
Citizen Kane
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Welles and
Herman J. Mankiewicz co-wrote the script in early 1940. They separately re-wrote and revised each other's work until Welles was satisfied with the finished product.
11.
The Magnificent Ambersons (film)
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The Magnificent Ambersons is a 1942 American period drama, the second feature film produced and directed by Orson Welles. Welles adapted Booth Tarkingtons Pulitzer Prize–winning 1918 novel, about the fortunes of a proud Midwestern family. The film stars Joseph Cotten, Dolores Costello, Anne Baxter, Tim Holt, Agnes Moorehead and Ray Collins, Welles lost control of the editing of The Magnificent Ambersons to RKO, and the final version released to audiences differed significantly from his rough cut of the film. More than an hour of footage was cut by the studio, Although Welless extensive notes for how he wished the film to be cut have survived, the excised footage was destroyed. Composer Bernard Herrmann insisted his credit be removed when, like the film itself, even in the released version, The Magnificent Ambersons is often regarded as among the best U. S. films ever made, a distinction it shares with Welless first film, Citizen Kane. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, the Ambersons are by far the wealthiest family in the small midwestern city of Indianapolis. It is the turn of the 20th century, and life is peaceful, Eugene Morgan as a young man courts Isabel Amberson, but she rejects him even though she loves him. Isabel instead marries Wilbur Minafer, a man she does not love. They have a child, George, whom she spoils and who becomes the terror of the town, George Amberson Minafer, on break from college, returns to his home. His mother Isabel and Major Amberson, his grandfather, hold a reception in his honor, among the guests are the widowed Eugene Morgan, now a prosperous automobile manufacturer who has just returned to town after a 20-year absence, and his daughter Lucy. George instantly takes to the beautiful and charming Lucy, but takes as quick a dislike to Eugene, as Eugenes automobile plant prospers, the industrialist builds a mansion to rival the magnificence of that of Major Amberson. During a dinner party, George tells Eugene that he thinks automobiles are a useless nuisance, during the evening George learns from his uncle Jack and his aunt Fanny that Isabel and Eugene were an item and is enraged when Fanny implies that Isabel loved Eugene, not Georges father. Eugene courts Isabel again and decides to ask her to marry him, sensing the developing intensity of their relationship, George takes control and rebuffs a planned visit from Eugene at the door of the Amberson mansion. Isabels love for her son overrides her love for Eugene, so she complies with Georges demands, George takes Isabel on a world tour, ostensibly to get away from the scandalous talk in the town, but also to remove her from the possibility of a relationship with him. Before leaving for Europe, George tries to learn what Lucy is feeling, George and Isabel travel and live in Europe for a while. After she becomes ill, they return home, where George acts as gatekeeper for the dying Isabel, Eugene comes to the house to visit, but George refuses to let him see Isabel, who is on her deathbed. Shortly after Isabels death, her grief-stricken father Major Amberson dies, George and the other family members must fend for themselves financially. Lucy does not reconcile with George, with the entire Amberson fortune gone, George gives up his job at a law firm for higher-paying work in dangerous trades that will enable him to care for Fanny, who has descended into psychosis
The Magnificent Ambersons (film)
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Theatrical release poster with illustrations by
Norman Rockwell
The Magnificent Ambersons (film)
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Richard Bennett,
Joseph Cotten,
Dolores Costello,
Don Dillaway,
Agnes Moorehead,
Ray Collins
The Magnificent Ambersons (film)
12.
All That Heaven Allows
–
All That Heaven Allows is a 1955 Technicolor drama romance film starring Jane Wyman and Rock Hudson in a tale about a well-to-do widow and a younger landscape designer falling in love. The screenplay was written by Peg Fenwick based upon a story by Edna L. Lee, the film was directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter. In 1995, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, Cary Scott is an affluent widow in suburban New England, whose social life involves her country club peers, college-age children, and a few men vying for her affection. She becomes interested in Ron Kirby, her gardener, an intelligent, down-to-earth, Ron is content with his simple life outside the materialistic society and the two fall in love. Ron introduces her to people who seem to have no need for wealth and status, Cary accepts his proposal of marriage, but becomes distressed when her friends and college-age children are angry. They look down upon Ron and his friends and reject their mother for this socially unacceptable arrangement, eventually, bowing to this pressure, she breaks off the engagement. Cary and Ron continue their lives, both with many regrets, but Carys children soon announce they are moving out. Having destroyed her chance at happiness, her son buys her a set to keep her company. Before doing so, however, her daughter apologizes to her mother for her prior impulsive and foolish reaction to Ron, Carys doctor points out that Cary is now lonelier than she was before meeting Ron. As he recovers, Cary is by his telling him that she has come home. Sirk found the screenplay for All That Heaven Allows rather impossible but was able to restructure it and use the big budget to film, the music which often plays throughout the film is Consolation No.3 in D-flat major by Franz Liszt. Some exteriors for the film were shot on “Colonial Street, ” a studio built by Paramount Pictures on the property of Universal Studios four years earlier for the movie Desperate Hours. The set was designed to mimic an upper-middle class, New England town, the set was featured on the television show Leave it to Beaver. Sirk considered having Hudson’s character die at the end of the film, Wyman was only 38 when she played the films older woman who scandalizes society and her grown-up children by becoming engaged to a younger man. Hudson, the man, was 30 at the time. Screenwriter Peg Fenwick wrote the screenplay for All That Heaven Allows based on the 394-page novel of the name by Harry. Notations made on various pages of a copy of the original screenplay owned by the New York Public Library indicate that the script was written in August of 1954, the film contains only one visible crane shot in which the camera scan over the fictional town of Stoningham. Tracking and dollying shots are used to frequently in interior shots, All That Heaven Allows received positive reviews from critics
All That Heaven Allows
–
Theatrical release poster
13.
Show Boat (1951 film)
–
Show Boat is a 1951 American musical romantic drama film, based on the stage musical of the same name by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II, and the 1926 novel by Edna Ferber. It was made by MGM, adapted for the screen by John Lee Mahin, filmed previously in 1929 and in 1936, this third adaptation of Show Boat was shot in Technicolor in the typical MGM lavish style. The film stars Kathryn Grayson, Ava Gardner, and Howard Keel, with Joe E. Brown, Marge Champion, Gower Champion, William Warfield, Robert Sterling, Agnes Moorehead and Leif Erickson. Unlike the 1936 film, none of the members of the original Broadway cast of the show appeared in this version. The 1951 Show Boat was the most financially successful of the adaptations of the show, one of MGMs most popular musicals. The basic plot remains the same as in the stage play, Capn Andy pretends to the assembled crowd that the two were really previewing a scene from one of the boats melodramas. But Pete knows a secret about Julie, and he runs off to tell the local sheriff. Riverboat gambler Gaylord Ravenal has gambled away a boat ticket, so he drops by the Cotton Blossom pretending to be an actor so that he can get passage on the boat, however, he meets Magnolia, the captains 18-year-old daughter, and the two are instantly smitten. That night, during the performance of an olio on the show boat, but when Julie and Steve hear that the sheriff is coming to arrest them, Steve takes a sewing pin, pricks Julies finger, and sucks blood from it. The Sheriff enters and announces that there is a case of miscegenation on board, a woman married to a white man. Julie is the woman, and Steve is the man, Julie admits that she is half-black, but Steve, having sucked some of Julies blood, successfully pretends that he is also half-black. Pete is fired by Capn Andy, however, Julie and Steve must still leave the acting company—blacks were not allowed onstage alongside whites in the 1880s. After Magnolia, who is Julies best friend, tearfully says goodbye to her, she, Ravenal shows up and offers help. This time, Capn Andy takes him on, makes him the companys new leading man, and makes Magnolia the new leading lady, over the strong objections of his wife Parthy. Within a matter of weeks, Magnolia and Ravenal are a hit on the river and have fallen in love and they become engaged, marry, and move to Chicago, where they live off Ravenals gambling winnings. A year passes and Ravenal loses all his money gambling, after he goes broke, Magnolia tells him off for being so obsessed with gambling. Feeling guilty after Magnolias tirade, Ravenal walks out on her, ellie Shipley and Frank Schultz, the dance team on the show boat, suddenly show up in Chicago, having also left the boat and been booked into a nightclub called the Trocadero. They take Magnolia to audition there, but before she arrives and it is Julie, who has become a hopeless alcoholic now that Steve has left her
Show Boat (1951 film)
–
French film poster
14.
Golden Globe
–
Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe
–
The Golden Globe statuette
15.
Academy Award
–
The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
–
Academy Awards
Academy Award
–
31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
–
81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
–
Pantages Theatre, 2008
16.
Presbyterian
–
Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles, particularly Scotland. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the form of church government. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, the Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church, the Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom, Presbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organization and worship, often using a Book of Order to regulate common practice and order. The origins of the Presbyterian churches are in Calvinism, many branches of Presbyterianism are remnants of previous splits from larger groups. Presbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning, Presbyterian government is by councils of elders. Teaching and ruling elders are ordained and convene in the lowest council known as a session or consistory responsible for the discipline, nurture, teaching elders have responsibility for teaching, worship, and performing sacraments. Pastors are called by individual congregations, a congregation issues a call for the pastors service, but this call must be ratified by the local presbytery. Ruling elders are usually laymen who are elected by the congregation and ordained to serve with the elders, assuming responsibility for nurture. Often, especially in larger congregations, the elders delegate the practicalities of buildings, finance and this group may variously be known as a Deacon Board, Board of Deacons Diaconate, or Deacons Court. These are sometimes known as presbyters to the full congregation, above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations, the presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate level of a synod sometimes exists. The Church of Scotland abolished the Synod in 1993, Presbyterian governance is practised by Presbyterian denominations and also by many other Reformed churches
Presbyterian
–
John Knox
Presbyterian
–
Symbol used by the
Presbyterian Church in Ireland. The
burning bush is a common symbol used by Presbyterian churches.
Presbyterian
–
The Ordination of Elders in a Scottish Kirk, by
John Henry Lorimer, 1891.
National Gallery of Scotland.
Presbyterian
–
Presbyterian
catechising, 19th century
17.
English people
–
The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England, who speak the English language. The English identity is of medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD, England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England along with the later Danes, Normans, in the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become closely aligned with British customs. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system and these and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire. The concept of an English nation is far older than that of the British nation, many recent immigrants to England have assumed a solely British identity, while others have developed dual or mixed identities. Use of the word English to describe Britons from ethnic minorities in England is complicated by most non-white people in England identifying as British rather than English. In their 2004 Annual Population Survey, the Office for National Statistics compared the ethnic identities of British people with their national identity. They found that while 58% of white people in England described their nationality as English and it is unclear how many British people consider themselves English. Following complaints about this, the 2011 census was changed to allow respondents to record their English, Welsh, Scottish, another complication in defining the English is a common tendency for the words English and British to be used interchangeably, especially overseas. In his study of English identity, Krishan Kumar describes a common slip of the tongue in which people say English, I mean British. He notes that this slip is made only by the English themselves and by foreigners. Kumar suggests that although this blurring is a sign of Englands dominant position with the UK and it tells of the difficulty that most English people have of distinguishing themselves, in a collective way, from the other inhabitants of the British Isles. In 1965, the historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote, When the Oxford History of England was launched a generation ago and it meant indiscriminately England and Wales, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, and even the British Empire. Foreigners used it as the name of a Great Power and indeed continue to do so, bonar Law, by origin a Scotch Canadian, was not ashamed to describe himself as Prime Minister of England Now terms have become more rigorous. The use of England except for a geographic area brings protests and this version of history is now regarded by many historians as incorrect, on the basis of more recent genetic and archaeological research. The 2016 study authored by Stephan Schiffels et al, the remaining portion of English DNA is primarily French, introduced in a migration after the end of the Ice Age
English people
English people
–
"The Arrival of the First Ancestors of Englishmen out of Germany into Britain": a fanciful image of the Anglo-Saxon migration, an event central to the English
national myth. From A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence by
Richard Verstegan (1605)
English people
–
A reconstruction of an Anglo-Saxon burial chamber at
Sutton Hoo,
East Anglia.
English people
–
King Harold II of England (right) at the Norman court, from the
Bayeux Tapestry
18.
Irish people
–
The Irish people are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. Ireland has been inhabited for about 9,000 years according to archaeological studies, for most of Irelands recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland, the people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities, including Irish, Northern Irish, British, or some combination thereof. The Irish have their own customs, language, music, dance, sports, cuisine, although Irish was their main language in the past, today the huge majority of Irish people speak English as their first language. Historically, the Irish nation was made up of kin groups or clans, there have been many notable Irish people throughout history. After Irelands conversion to Christianity, Irish missionaries and scholars exerted great influence on Western Europe, the 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the fathers of Europe, followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the father of chemistry, famous Irish writers include Oscar Wilde, W. B. Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, Bram Stoker and James Joyce, notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Robert McClure, Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides, many presidents of the United States have had some Irish ancestry. The population of Ireland is about 6.3 million, but it is estimated that 50 to 80 million people around the world have Irish forebears, historically, emigration from Ireland has been the result of conflict, famine and economic issues. People of Irish descent are mainly in English-speaking countries, especially the United Kingdom. There are also significant numbers in Argentina, Mexico and New Zealand, the United States has the most people of Irish descent, while in Australia those of Irish descent are a higher percentage of the population than in any other country. Many Icelanders have Irish and Scottish Gaelic forebears, in its summary of their article Who were the Celts. The National Museum Wales notes It is possible that genetic studies of ancient. However, early studies have, so far, tended to produce implausible conclusions from very small numbers of people and using outdated assumptions about linguistics, nineteenth century anthropology studied the physical characteristics of Irish people in minute detail. During the past 10,000 years of inhabitation, Ireland has witnessed some different peoples arrive on its shores, the ancient peoples of Ireland—such as the creators of the Céide Fields and Newgrange—are almost unknown. Neither their languages nor terms they used to describe themselves have survived, as late as the middle centuries of the 1st millennium the inhabitants of Ireland did not appear to have a collective name for themselves. Ireland itself was known by a number of different names, including Banba, Fódla, Ériu by the islanders, Iouerne and Hiverne to the Greeks, other Latin names for people from Ireland in Classic and Mediaeval sources include Attacotti and Gael
Irish people
–
Carrowmore tomb, circa 3000 BC
Irish people
–
Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish scientist and
father of chemistry, whose family obtained land in the plantations
Irish people
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Finnian of Clonard imparting his blessing to the "
Twelve Apostles of Ireland "
Irish people
–
Irish Gaels in a painting from the 16th century
19.
Scottish people
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The Scottish people, or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland in the 9th century, and are thought to have been ethnolinguistically Celts. Later, the neighbouring Cumbrian Britons, who spoke a Celtic language, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons. In modern usage, Scottish people or Scots is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, the Latin word Scotti, originally the word referred specifically to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also used for Scottish people. John Kenneth Galbraith in his book The Scotch documents the descendants of 19th-century Scottish pioneers who settled in Southwestern Ontario and he states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the community in the early decades of the 20th century. People of Scottish descent live in countries other than Scotland. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture, large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world, Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. The Gaels, the Picts and the Britons have their origin myths. The Venerable Bede tells of the Scotti coming from Spain via Ireland, Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse invaded and colonized parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was emigration from France, England. Some famous Scottish family names, including bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray. Today Scotland is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, culturally, these peoples are grouped according to language. Most of Scotland until the 13th century spoke Celtic languages and these included, at least initially, the Britons, as well as the Gaels and the Picts. Germanic peoples included the Angles of Northumbria, who settled in south-eastern Scotland in the region between the Firth of Forth to the north and the River Tweed to the south. They also occupied the south-west of Scotland up to and including the Plain of Kyle and their language, south-east of the Firth of Forth, then in Lothian and the Borders, a northern variety of Old English, also known as Early Scots, was spoken. The Northern Isles and some parts of Caithness were Norn-speaking, from 1500 on, Scotland was commonly divided by language into two groups of people, Gaelic-speaking Highlanders and the Inglis-speaking Lowlanders
Scottish people
–
John Wayne was of
Presbyterian Scots-Irish or
Ulster-Scots descent.
Scottish people
Scottish people
–
The Australian city of
Brisbane is named after Scotsman
Thomas Brisbane.
Scottish people
–
Scottish English and
Scottish Gaelic are used on bilingual road signs throughout the Gaelic speaking parts of
Scotland, such as this one, seen in village of
Mallaig.
20.
Welsh people
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The Welsh people or the Welsh are a nation and ethnic group native to, or otherwise associated with, Wales and the Welsh language. Prior to the 20th century, large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh, the term Welsh people applies to people from Wales and people of Welsh ancestry perceiving themselves or being perceived as sharing a cultural heritage and shared ancestral origins. Over 300,000 Welsh people live in London, the same etymological origin is shared by the names of various other Celtic or Latin peoples such as the Walloons and the Vlachs, as well as of the Swiss canton of Valais. The modern Welsh name for themselves is Cymry, and Cymru is the Welsh name for Wales and these words are descended from the Brythonic word combrogi, meaning fellow-countrymen. They thus carry a sense of land of fellow-countrymen, our country, the word came into use as a self-description probably before the 7th century. It is attested in a poem to Cadwallon ap Cadfan c. 633. Thereafter Cymry prevailed as a reference to the Welsh, until c.1560 the word was spelt Kymry or Cymry, regardless of whether it referred to the people or their homeland. During their time in Britain, the ancient Romans encountered tribes in present-day Wales that they called the Ordovices, the Demetae, the Silures and the Deceangli. The people of what is now Wales were not distinguished from the rest of the peoples of southern Britain, all were called Britons and spoke the common British language, a Brythonic Celtic tongue. Celtic language and culture seems to have arrived in Britain during the Iron Age, the claim has also been made that Indo-European languages may have been introduced to the British Isles as early as the early Neolithic, with Goidelic and Brythonic languages developing indigenously. The genetic evidence in this case would show that the change to Celtic languages in Britain may have occurred as a cultural rather than through migration as was previously supposed. The assumed genetic imprint of Neolithic incomers is seen as a cline, with stronger Neolithic representation in the east of Europe, when the Roman legions departed Britain around 400, a Romano-British culture remained in the areas the Romans had settled, and the pre-Roman cultures in others. According to Stephen Oppenheimer 96% of lineages in Llangefni in north Wales derive from Iberia, Genetic marker R1b averages from 83–89% amongst the Welsh. The people in what is now Wales continued to speak Brythonic languages with additions from Latin, the surviving poem Y Gododdin is in early Welsh and refers to the Brythonic kingdom of Gododdin with a capital at Din Eidyn and extending from the area of Stirling to the Tyne. John Davies places the change from Brythonic to Welsh between 400 and 700, offas Dyke was erected in the mid-8th century, forming a barrier between Wales and Mercia. The genetic tests suggested that between 50% and 100% of the population of what was to become England was wiped out. In 2001, research for a BBC programme on the Vikings suggested a strong link between the Celts and Basques, dating back tens of thousands of years. The UCL research suggested a migration on a huge scale during the Anglo-Saxon period and it appears England is made up of an ethnic cleansing event from people coming across from the continent after the Romans left, said Dr Mark Thomas, of the Centre for Genetic Anthropology at UCL
Welsh people
–
William Morgan
Welsh people
–
Sculpture of
Owain Glyndŵr, the last native Welsh person to hold the title
Prince of Wales.
21.
St. Louis, Missouri
–
St. Louis is an independent city and major U. S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. Prior to European settlement, the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, in 1764, following Frances defeat in the Seven Years War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase, during the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States and it separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics, the economy of metro St. Louis relies on service, manufacturing, trade, transportation of goods, and tourism. This city has become known for its growing medical, pharmaceutical. St. Louis has 2 professional sports teams, the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball, the city is commonly identified with the 630-foot tall Gateway Arch in Downtown St. Louis. The area that would become St. Louis was a center of the Native American Mississippian culture and their major regional center was at Cahokia Mounds, active from 900 AD to 1500 AD. Due to numerous major earthworks within St. Louis boundaries, the city was nicknamed as the Mound City and these mounds were mostly demolished during the citys development. Historic Native American tribes in the area included the Siouan-speaking Osage people, whose territory extended west, European exploration of the area was first recorded in 1673, when French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette traveled through the Mississippi River valley. Five years later, La Salle claimed the region for France as part of La Louisiane. The earliest European settlements in the area were built in Illinois Country on the east side of the Mississippi River during the 1690s and early 1700s at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, migrants from the French villages on the opposite side of the Mississippi River founded Ste. In early 1764, after France lost the 7 Years War, Pierre Laclède, the early French families built the citys economy on the fur trade with the Osage, as well as with more distant tribes along the Missouri River. The Chouteau brothers gained a monopoly from Spain on the fur trade with Santa Fe, French colonists used African slaves as domestic servants and workers in the city. In 1780 during the American Revolutionary War, St. Louis was attacked by British forces, mostly Native American allies, the founding of St. Louis began in 1763. Pierre Laclede led an expedition to set up a fur-trading post farther up the Mississippi River, before then, Laclede had been a very successful merchant. For this reason, he and his trading partner Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent were offered monopolies for six years of the fur trading in that area
St. Louis, Missouri
–
From top left:
Forest Park Jewel Box,
MetroLink at
Lambert-St. Louis International Airport,
Apotheosis of St. Louis at the
Saint Louis Art Museum, The
Gateway Arch and the St. Louis skyline,
Busch Stadium, and the
St. Louis Zoo
St. Louis, Missouri
–
An illustrated map by F. Graf; Saint Louis in 1896.
St. Louis, Missouri
–
South Broadway after a May 27, 1896, tornado
St. Louis, Missouri
–
Westward view of St. Louis skyline, September 2008.
22.
The Muny
–
The St. Louis Municipal Opera Theatre is an amphitheatre located in St. Louis, Missouri. The theatre seats 11,000 people with approximately 1,500 free seats in the last nine rows that are available on a first come, the Muny seasons run every year from mid-June to mid-August. It is run by a not-for-profit organization, the current president and chief executive is Dennis M. Reagan. The current artistic director & executive producer is Mike Isaacson, in 1914, Luther Ely Smith began staging pageant-Masques on Art Hill in Forest Park. Louis folk dancers and folk singers, soon after, the Convention Board of the St. Louis Advertising Club was looking for an entertainment feature for its thirteenth annual convention, which was to take place June 3,1917. Mayor Henry Kiel, attorney Guy Golterman, and Parks Commissioner Nelson Cunliff stepped in and, in forty-nine days, on June 5,1917, the opera Aida was presented on what would become the Muny stage. In 1919, the new theatre received a name, St. Louis Municipal Opera Theatre, the first show under the Muny banner was Robin Hood, which opened on June 16,1919, and featured Mayor Kiel as King Richard. Concerts were performed prior to the opening of Riverport Amphitheatre in 1991. In 1930, the stage was equipped with a turntable for performance purposes and it was reconstructed in 1997 due to dilapidation. In 1998, the Muny Teens group was formed for the same purpose, the Chairman of the Board of the Muny in 2005-2006 was William H. T. Bush. The current Chairman of the Board is Raymond R. Fournie, the Wizard of Oz • June 13–22 42nd Street • June 24–30 The Music Man • July 5–11 Young Frankenstein • July 13–19 Mamma, Mia. • Aug. 1-7 Bye Bye Birdie • Aug. 8-14 Source, The Muny produces all of its musicals in the season, during the winter, a full-time staff of fewer than twenty people prepare for the next summer season. During the season itself, the summer expands to include more than 500 people in various positions. All shows are rehearsed within the course of days, with two technical rehearsals being held in the two to three days before the shows opening. Shows run from Monday to Sunday, although there have been exceptions to this, particularly in recent years, the Muny website claims it is the nations oldest and largest outdoor musical theatre. There are numerous amphitheatres/outdoor theatres that have a larger capacity area, however, there is no lawn seating inside The Muny. In addition, The Muny is the largest to host only Broadway-style musical theatre, the next largest seat capacity theatre in the United States is the San Manuel Amphitheater in California, housing 10,900 seats. For a list of other amphitheatres see, List of contemporary amphitheatres, since its beginning, The Muny has featured hundreds of big names in theatre, television and film on its stage, drawing inevitably huge crowds
The Muny
–
Closing night August 15, 2007
The Muny
–
The front of The Muny during the 2009 season.
23.
Dick Sargent
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Richard Stanford Cox, known professionally as Dick Sargent, was an American actor, notable as the second actor to portray Darrin Stephens on the television series Bewitched. The actor took the name Dick Sargent from a Saturday Evening Post illustrator/artist of the same name, born Richard Stanford Cox in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, on April 19,1930, to Ruth McNaughton, daughter of John McNaughton who founded Los Angeles famed Union Stockyards. She appeared under the nom-de-arte of Ruth Powell, and had important supporting bit roles in such classics as The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and Hearts. Sargents father, Colonel Elmer Cox, who served in World War I, later became a manager to such Hollywood alumni as Douglas Fairbanks. Sargent attended the San Rafael Military Academy in Menlo Park, California before majoring in drama at Stanford University, Sargent had appeared in films since his debut in Prisoner of War. He appeared on the short-lived sitcom Broadside and the even shorter-lived Tammy Grimes Show, later, he played Darrin Stephens on Bewitched for three years between 1969 and 1972, replacing ailed actor Dick York. His later movies included the 1979 film Hardcore as Jake Van Dorns straight-laced brother-in-law, Wes DeJong and he also played Sheriff Grady Byrd on two 1979–1980 season episodes of The Dukes of Hazzard. Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law, The Devlin Connection, Trapper John, M. D. Alice, Matt Houston, Benson, in 1990, he also portrayed himself on an episode of Columbo. In the mid-1980s, he landed the role of Richard Preston. He also appeared in the movie Teen Witch in 1989 and on Diffrent Strokes, throughout the 1980s, he joined actress Sally Struthers as an advocate for Christian Childrens Fund, which brought relief to developing nations children. On National Coming Out Day in 1991, Sargent publicly declared his homosexuality, the high rate of suicide among young homosexuals was the main reason, he jokingly referring to himself as a retroactive role model. Sargent recognized that his ill health from prostate cancer may have led people to assume he suffered from AIDS and he lived with his domestic partner, Albert Williams, until his death. In June 1992, Sargent was a Grand Marshal of the Los Angeles Gay Pride parade along with Elizabeth Montgomery, Sargent was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1989. Doctors were initially optimistic that it could be treated, however, the disease continued to spread and, by early 1994, he had become seriously ill. Sargent died from the disease on July 8,1994, at age 64, former Bewitched co-star Elizabeth Montgomery commented, He was a great friend, and I will miss his love, his sense of humor and his remarkable courage. Montgomery herself died of cancer a year later. Dick Sargent is Out and Proud, archived from the original on September 20,2011. Dick Sargent at the Internet Movie Database Dick Sargent at AllMovie Dick Sargent at the TCM Movie Database Dick Sargent at Find a Grave
Dick Sargent
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Dick Sargent
24.
Biology
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Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy. Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of branches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain unifying concepts within it that consolidate it into single, coherent field. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity. It is also understood today that all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable, the term biology is derived from the Greek word βίος, bios, life and the suffix -λογία, -logia, study of. The Latin-language form of the term first appeared in 1736 when Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus used biologi in his Bibliotheca botanica, the first German use, Biologie, was in a 1771 translation of Linnaeus work. In 1797, Theodor Georg August Roose used the term in the preface of a book, karl Friedrich Burdach used the term in 1800 in a more restricted sense of the study of human beings from a morphological, physiological and psychological perspective. The science that concerns itself with these objects we will indicate by the biology or the doctrine of life. Although modern biology is a recent development, sciences related to. Natural philosophy was studied as early as the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent, however, the origins of modern biology and its approach to the study of nature are most often traced back to ancient Greece. While the formal study of medicine back to Hippocrates, it was Aristotle who contributed most extensively to the development of biology. Especially important are his History of Animals and other works where he showed naturalist leanings, and later more empirical works that focused on biological causation and the diversity of life. Aristotles successor at the Lyceum, Theophrastus, wrote a series of books on botany that survived as the most important contribution of antiquity to the plant sciences, even into the Middle Ages. Scholars of the medieval Islamic world who wrote on biology included al-Jahiz, Al-Dīnawarī, who wrote on botany, biology began to quickly develop and grow with Anton van Leeuwenhoeks dramatic improvement of the microscope. It was then that scholars discovered spermatozoa, bacteria, infusoria, investigations by Jan Swammerdam led to new interest in entomology and helped to develop the basic techniques of microscopic dissection and staining. Advances in microscopy also had a impact on biological thinking. In the early 19th century, a number of biologists pointed to the importance of the cell. Thanks to the work of Robert Remak and Rudolf Virchow, however, meanwhile, taxonomy and classification became the focus of natural historians
Biology
Biology
Biology
Biology
25.
New Concord, Ohio
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New Concord is a village in Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. The population is 2,491 as of the 2010 census, New Concord is the home of Muskingum University and is served by a branch of the Muskingum County Library System. New Concord was laid out in 1828 when the National Road was extended to that point, in 1837, almost ten years later, Muskingum University was founded with its first class graduating in 1839. A post office named New Concord has been in operation since 1832, as U. S. Route 40 was a large connector for trade, New Concord became a stopping place for those who came through until bypassed by Interstate 70 in the 1960s and 1970s. New Concord is located at 39°59′40″N 81°44′11″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.63 square miles, all land. New Concord is located on U. S. Route 40, the old National Road, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,651 people,672 households, and 376 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,771.0 people per square mile, there were 709 housing units at an average density of 473.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 15% White,1. 43% African American,0. 11% Native American,1. 66% Asian,0. 08% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 91% of the population. 36. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.93. In the village, the population was out with 12. 7% under the age of 18,48. 5% from 18 to 24,13. 6% from 25 to 44,12. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 22 years, for every 100 females there were 85.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males, the median income for a household in the village was $27,011, and the median income for a family was $43,333. Males had an income of $34,750 versus $25,583 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,973, about 16. 1% of families and 24. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29. 2% of those under age 18 and 13. 5% of those aged 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,491 people,670 households, the population density was 1,528.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 745 housing units at a density of 457.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 1% White,1. 2% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 0% Asian,0. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 0% of the population. 33. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.78
New Concord, Ohio
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William Rainey Harper Log House
New Concord, Ohio
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"S" Bridge II
26.
Reedsburg, Wisconsin
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Reedsburg is a city in Sauk County, Wisconsin, along the Baraboo River. The population was 10,014 at the 2010 census, the city is surrounded by the Town of Reedsburg. It is part of the Baraboo Micropolitan Statistical Area, james W. Babb and his wife Rebecca Scarff Babb brought their family to Wisconsin from Ohio in the mid 1840s. At Babbs Ford, in 1847 David C. Reed built a dam, in June 1848 a sawmill followed. By 1850, Shanty Row comprised five tamarack shanties, Reedsburg was platted in 1852, and four years later the community had grown to 50 buildings housing 27 families and 122 people. The community continued under town government until 1868, when Reedsburg was incorporated as a village, in the 1860s, a hop boom temporarily brought wealth into the area. The Chicago & North Western Railway arrived in 1872, in 1880, the Reedsburg Brewing Company was formed. Among the most important was the Reedsburg Woolen Mill, construction was completed in 1882, and by 1899,32 broad looms produced mainly fancy cassimeres for Chicago markets. In 1902 the facility was purchased by Appleton Woolen Mills, sears and Montgomery Wards became two major clients. In 1954, when Appleton Woolen Mills shifted focus to felts, the Reedsburg Woolen Mill, long one of the area’s largest employers, endured until 1967, most of the mill complex burned in April 1968, leaving only the mill office. Also important has been the Hankscraft Company, incorporated in Madison in 1920, Hankscraft—makers of baby bottle warmers, sterilizers and other products—thrived during the post-war baby boom, and in 1949 opened a plant in Reedsburg. In 1970, Hankscraft was purchased by Gerber Products Company, and it was the towns second largest employer, exceeded only by the Reedsburg Woolen Mill. In 1996, Gerber Products Company sold Hankscraft Motors, which continues to operate in Reedsburg, other important industries have included Grede Foundry, Seats, Inc. and the Columbia Par Car Corporation. In 1984, the Main Street Commercial Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2011, Reedsburg became home of the annual “Fermentation Fest, A Live Culture Convergence, ” a ten-day celebration of agriculture, food, Reedsburg is located at 43°32′1″N 90°0′10″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.93 square miles. The Baraboo River flows through the city, Reedsburg is 12 miles southwest of the Wisconsin Dells along the Baraboo River, with scenic views of the Baraboo Range to the south. Reedsburg is located directly on the 90th meridian west, a pink quartzite marker on Main Street reads 325 feet east of this point lies the 90th meridian
Reedsburg, Wisconsin
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Downtown Reedsburg
27.
Soldiers Grove, Wisconsin
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Soldiers Grove is a village alongside the Kickapoo River in Crawford County, Wisconsin, in the United States. The population was 592 at the 2010 census, Soldiers Grove was first settled in 1856 by Joseph H. Brightman, who began a sawmill at the site to process logs rafted down the Kickapoo River. The village which sprang up near the sawmill was initially named Pine Grove because of the abundance of Eastern White Pine in the vicinity, in 1867, the villages name was changed to Soldiers Grove to commemorate the troops who had camped in the area during the Black Hawk War. In its early years, Soldiers Grove depended upon the Kickapoo River for timber rafting and hydropower for flour, the villages proximity to the river became a liability in the early twentieth century, however, when major floods began to afflict the settlement. Significant flooding occurred in 1907,1912,1917, and 1935, following the last of these incidents, Soldiers Grove and other area communities petitioned the United States Congress to provide funds for a flood control project. Owing largely to environmental concerns, however, construction of the dam was halted partway through construction in 1975. Although a levee proposed by the U. S, corps of Engineers in 1975 would have lessened the restrictions, the village rejected the plan because of costs. While the downtown property was worth approximately $1 million, a levee to protect it would have required $3.5 million to construct, federal agencies repeatedly denied this request, however. Even so, in 1977 the village used its own funds to purchase land on high ground onto which the business district could be relocated. In 1978, flooding again inundated the Soldiers Grove area, in the aftermath of the disaster, $900,000 in federal funds were finally provided to assist in relocating the villages business district to higher ground. Construction of the new district began in 1979 and was completed by 1983. A park replaced the old downtown area along the river, although major flooding occurred along the Kickapoo River again in 2007 and 2008, the village escaped major damage by virtue of the relocation. When Soldiers Grove began its project in 1979, the United States was suffering from its second oil crisis in six years. In response to high costs, an energy task force for the Soldiers Grove relocation recommended the new business district use solar heating. Despite the villages location in the state of Wisconsin, studies showed it was feasible for new buildings to achieve a majority of their heat from solar energy. Consequently, the council, led by eco-champion Daniel Naccarato. Another law prohibited any new structure from blocking sunlight to another building, to meet the solar energy requirements, buildings in the new business district were constructed with heavy insulation and earth-berming to supply thermal mass. South facing roof slopes and windows were built to capture maximum sunlight, over twenty solar heated businesses were eventually built in the small community
Soldiers Grove, Wisconsin
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Location of Soldiers Grove, Wisconsin
28.
Peoria, Illinois
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Peoria is a city in and the county seat of Peoria County, Illinois, United States, and the largest city on the Illinois River. Established in 1691 by the French explorer Henri de Tonti, Peoria is the oldest European settlement in Illinois, as of the 2010 census, the city was the seventh-most populated in Illinois, with a population of 115,007. The Peoria Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 373,590 in 2011, Peoria had a population of 118,943 in 2010, when far northern Peoria was also included. Around 12,000 jobs will still remain in the Peoria area, Peoria is one of the oldest settlements in Illinois, as explorers first ventured up the Illinois River from the Mississippi. The lands that eventually would become Peoria were first settled in 1680 and this fort would later burn to the ground, and in 1813 Fort Clark, Illinois was built. When the County of Peoria was organized in 1825, Fort Clark was officially named Peoria, Peoria was named after the Peoria tribe, a member of the Illinois Confederation. The original meaning of the word is uncertain, a 21st-century proposal suggests a derivation from a Proto-Algonquian word meaning to dream with the help of a manitou. Peoria was incorporated as a village on March 11,1835, the city did not have a mayor, though they had a village president, Rudolphus Rouse, who served from 1835 to 1836. The first Chief of Police, John B Lishk, was appointed in 1837, the city was incorporated on April 21,1845. This was the end of a president and the start of the mayoral system. Peoria, Arizona, a suburb of Phoenix, was named after Peoria, greenhut and Deloss S. Brown − wished to name it after their hometown. Peoria is located at 40°43′15″N 89°36′34″W, according to the 2010 census, Peoria has a total area of 50.23 square miles, of which 48.01 square miles is land and 2.22 square miles is water. Peoria is bounded on the east by the Illinois River except for the enclave of Peoria Heights, four bridges run directly between the city and neighboring East Peoria. On the south end of Peorias western border are Bartonville and the established city of West Peoria. Local municipal plans indicate that the city intends to continue its expansion northwest, into an area considered part of Dunlap. Peoria has a continental climate, with cold, snowy winters. Monthly daily mean temperatures range from 22.5 °F to 75.2 °F, snowfall is common in the winter, averaging 26.3 inches, but this figure varies considerably from year to year. Precipitation, averaging 36 inches, peaks in the spring and summer, extremes have ranged from −27 °F in January 1884 to 113 °F in July 1936
Peoria, Illinois
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Peoria City Hall
Peoria, Illinois
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Panorama of downtown Peoria, viewed from across the
Illinois River in
East Peoria. In the middle are the Twin Towers, the Caterpillar World Headquarters Building, and the Associated Bank Building
Peoria, Illinois
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View of Peoria Civic Center, Peoria City Hall, and Peoria's Twin Towers
Peoria, Illinois
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Civic Center
29.
Helen Hayes
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Helen Hayes MacArthur was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years. She eventually garnered the nickname First Lady of American Theatre and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Americas highest civilian honor, from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986. In 1988, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts, the annual Helen Hayes Awards, which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington, DC, since 1984, are her namesake. In 1955, the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York Citys Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre, when that venue was torn down in 1982, the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor. Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre, Helen Hayes Brown was born in Washington, D. C. on October 10,1900. Her mother, Catherine Estelle, or Essie, was an actress who worked in touring companies. Her father, Francis van Arnum Brown, worked at a number of jobs, including as a clerk at the Washington Patent Office and as a manager, Hayes Irish Catholic maternal grandparents emigrated from Ireland during the Irish Potato Famine. Hayes began a career at an early age. She attended the Academy of the Sacred Heart Convent in Washington and her sound film debut was The Sin of Madelon Claudet, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She followed that with starring roles in Arrowsmith, A Farewell to Arms, The White Sister, What Every Woman Knows, however, Hayes did not prefer that medium to the stage. In 1951, she was involved with the Broadway revival of J. M. Barries play Mary Rose at the ANTA Playhouse, in 1953, she was the first-ever recipient of the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre, repeating as the winner in 1969. She returned to Hollywood in the 1950s, and her star began to rise. She starred in My Son John and Anastasia, and won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a stowaway in the disaster film Airport. She followed that up with roles in Disney films such as Herbie Rides Again, One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing. Her performance in Anastasia was considered a comeback—she had suspended her career for years due to the death of her daughter Mary. In 1955, the Fulton Theatre was renamed for her, however, business interests in the 1980s wished to raze that theatre and four others to construct a large hotel that included the Marquis Theatre. Parts of the original Helen Hayes Theatre on Broadway were used to construct the Shakespeare Center on the Upper Westside of Manhattan, which Hayes dedicated with Joseph Papp in 1982. In 1983 the Little Theater on West 45th Street was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre in her honor, as was a theatre in Nyack, which has since been renamed the Riverspace-Arts Center
Helen Hayes
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Helen Hayes
Helen Hayes
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In the film What Every Woman Knows (1934)
Helen Hayes
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Riverside Shakespeare Company Shakespeare Center Dedication with Helen Hayes, 1982.
30.
Citizen Kane trailer
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The Citizen Kane trailer was a four-minute, self-contained, making of promotional featurette by Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre, released in 1940 to promote the film Citizen Kane. Unlike other standard theatrical trailers of the era, it did not feature a second of footage of the actual film itself. The film takes the form of a tour around the set, while the precise nature of the film is kept under wraps. This was partly out of necessity, to prevent William Randolph Hearst from knowing in advance that the film was a satire on his life. The films producer, director, co-writer and star Orson Welles—who was then an established radio star—does not appear in person, but serves as the unseen narrator, introducing members of the cast. Welless narration alternately describes the title character as a hero, a scoundrel, a no-account, a swell guy, a great lover, a great American citizen. The trailer also contains a number of shots, including one of Everett Sloane appearing at first to be running into the camera. Sloane actually runs into the reflection of the camera in a mirror, the music heard throughout the trailer is the publishers theme, Oh, Mr. Kane. Welles heard the tune, A Poco No by Pepe Guízar, the special lyrics were written by Herman Ruby. The music was arranged by Conrad Salinger and is heard during the end titles of Citizen Kane and it had a slightly different crew, with the director of photography being Harry J. Wild rather than Citizen Kanes Gregg Toland. The trailer was filmed at Tolands suggestion, I wrote the outline of the trailer and shot stuff for it while we were still shooting the movie, Welles recalled. Because you see something that youre doing, and you say, That would be good for the trailer, even if it wouldnt work in the film. As it is classified as a trailer, no copyright was registered on the work. Consequently, it can now be viewed on YouTube. Numerous film critics have treated the trailer as a work in its own right. Similarly, Welles biographer Frank Brady has written Since the film promised to be any other ever made in Hollywood. He spent weeks on scripting, shooting, and editing it and it. stood out from all the other trailers coming out from Hollywood, clarifying that Citizen Kane was going to be something special. Already, before the debates around the authorship of Kane, the trailer constitutes a deeply ambiguous work in terms of Welless attitude toward collaborative filmmaking
Citizen Kane trailer
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Citizen Kane trailer
Citizen Kane trailer
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Ray Collins
Citizen Kane trailer
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Dorothy Comingore
Citizen Kane trailer
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Joseph Cotten
