Air sac
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Air sacs are spaces within an organism where there is the constant presence of air. Among modern animals, birds possess the most air sacs, with their extinct dinosaurian relatives showing a great incr
Diagram showing the general layout of air sacs in a bird
An emperor penguin, an example of a diving bird
Comparison between the air sacs of Majungasaurus and a bird
The uncinate processes are the small white spurs about halfway along the ribs. The rest of this diagram shows the air sacs and other parts of a bird's respiratory system:1 cervical air sac, 2 clavicular air sac, 3 cranial thoracal air sac, 4 caudal thoracal air sac, 5 abdominal air sac (5' diverticulus into pelvic girdle), 6 lung, 7 trachea
Pterosaur
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Pterosaurs are an extinct clade of warm-blooded flying reptiles in the order Pterosauria. They existed during most of the Mesozoic: from the Late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous. Pterosaurs are
Air sac
…paranasal sinuses) is found in both synapsids and archosaurs, but postcranial pneumatization is found only in birds, non-avian saurischian dinosaurs, and pterosaurs. For a long time these cavities were regarded simply as weight-saving devices, but Bakker proposed that they were connected to air sacs like those that…
Pteranodon amnh martyniuk
Dimorphodon mount
Rhamphorhynchus munsteri
Pterodactylus sp 374