1.
Austrian Airlines
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Austrian Airlines AG, sometimes shortened to Austrian, is the flag carrier of Austria and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. The airline is headquartered in the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat where it maintains its hub. It flies to 6 domestic and more than 120 international year-round, the airline was formed in 1957 by the merger of Air Austria and Austrian Airways, but traces its history back to 1923 at the founding of Austrian Airways. During the 2000s, the airline expanded through the acquisitions of Rheintalflug and Lauda Air, throughout the decade, Austrian sustained several years of losses, and in 2008 its owner, the Austrian Government was advised to sell the airline to a foreign company. In 2009, the Lufthansa Group purchased the airline after receiving approval from the European Commission following an investigation into the tendering process. Following disputes with staff over cost-cutting, all Austrian Airlines flights were transferred on 1 July 2012 to its subsidiary Tyrolean Airways, on 1 April 2015, all flights transferred back to Austrian, and Tyrolean Airways was merged into its parent. On 3 May 1923 Walter Barda-Bardenau received approval by the Austrian government for establishing an airline and he participated in the newly formed Austrian Airlines with one percent, with the remaining shares went to the Austrian railway transportation company and the Junkers-Werke. The initial fleet consisted of Junkers F 13s, the first flight of the company took place in Vienna on 14 May 1923 by Munich, with pilot Hans Baur. The landing took place in Vienna Jedlesee, there occurred a conversion to float, the company was operated by Junkers Trans European Union. Its destinations included Munich, Budapest, Nuremberg, Graz, Klagenfurt, some targets in Austria were served with seaplanes. The union was dissolved in September 1926, from 1927 the company procured new aircraft with support from the government. In the same year it began a partnership agreement with Deutsche Luft Hansa. Line connections were planned and operated jointly by the two companies, a route network to Berlin, Budapest and Milan ranged Vienna was created. In 1932 Luft Hansa Junkers held 49% interest, after the end of the world economic crisis the fleet with several Junkers Ju 52/3 m was added. In 1938, the company began planning of routes to Rome, Paris, Junkers Ju 90 planes were used. After the annexation of Austria by Germany in March 1938, these plans were abandoned, the airline was fully under the control of Lufthansa from 1 January 1939. In June 1939, the company was deleted from the commercial register, after the Second World War, Austria was separated from Germany, and Austria was left without a national airline. Austrian Airlines was formed as Österreichische Luftverkehrs AG through the merger of Air Austria and it began operations on 30 September 1957, making its maiden flight on 31 March 1958 when a leased Vickers Viscount 779 took off from Vienna for a scheduled service to Zurich and London
2.
Northwest Airlines
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Northwest Airlines Corp. was a major United States airline founded in 1926 and absorbed into Delta Air Lines, Inc. by a merger. Approved on October 29,2008, the merger made Delta the largest airline in the world until the American Airlines-US Airways merger on December 9,2013. Northwest continued to operate under its own name and brand until the integration of the carriers was completed on January 31,2010, Northwest was headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport. After World War II it became dominant in the market with a hub in Tokyo. After acquiring Republic Airlines in 1986, Northwest also established major hubs at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, in 1993 it began a strategic alliance with KLM and a jointly-coordinated European hub at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. The Detroit and Minneapolis operations were retained as Delta hubs, however, the Memphis operation peaked at more than 300 flights per day prior to the merger with Delta. In addition to operating one of the largest domestic route networks in the U. S, Northwest carried more passengers across the Pacific Ocean than any other U. S. carrier, and carried more domestic air cargo than any other American passenger airline. Regional flights for Northwest were operated under the name Northwest Airlink by Mesaba Airlines, Pinnacle Airlines, Northwest Airlines was a minority owner of Midwest Airlines, holding a 40% stake in the company. Northwest Airlines tagline was Now youre flying smart and its frequent-flyer program was called WorldPerks. Like other early airlines, Northwests focus was not in hauling passengers, the airline was originally based in Detroit, Michigan. The fledgling airline established a route between Minneapolis and Chicago, using open-cockpit biplanes such as the Curtiss Oriole and the Waco JYM. From 1928 the enclosed cabin six-passenger Hamilton H-45 and H-47 were used, Northwest Airlines began carrying passengers in 1927, in 1928 Northwest started its first international route with service to Winnipeg. In 1929, a group headed by Richard Lilly, a businessperson from St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1933 Northwest airlines was selected to fly the Northern Transcontinental Route to Seattle, Washington. It adopted the name Northwest Airlines the following year after the Air Mail scandal, Northwest Airways, Inc. changed its name to Northwest Airlines, Inc. and the airline was incorporated under its new name in the State of Minnesota. In 1939 Northwest had five daily flights from Chicago to Minneapolis, Northwest also served Winnipeg, Manitoba and Portland, Oregon by spurs from its transcontinental route. Northwest Airlines common stock began to be traded in 1941. The airlines experience with the climate led the U. S. government to designate Northwest as the main airline over the North Pacific following the war. In spring of 1947 Northwest began stationing employees at Haneda Airport in Tokyo, on July 15,1947 Northwest was the first airline to begin direct service between the United States and Japan, using a Douglas DC-4 airliner named The Manila
3.
Air China
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Air China Limited is the flag carrier and one of the major airlines of the Peoples Republic of China, with its headquarters in Shunyi District, Beijing. Air Chinas flight operations are based at Beijing Capital International Airport, in 2015, the airline carried 90 million domestic and international passengers with an average load factor of 80%. Air China was given responsibility for intercontinental flights and took over the CAACs long haul aircraft. In January 2001, the former CAACs ten airlines agreed on a merger plan, before the acquisition, Air China was the countrys fourth largest domestic airline. The merger created a group with assets of 56 billion Yuan, in October 2002, Air China consolidated with the China National Aviation Holding and China Southwest Airlines. On 15 December 2004, Air China was successfully listed on the Hong Kong, the airline also listed its shares on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on 18 August 2006. In 2006, Air China signed an agreement to join the Star Alliance and it became a member of the alliance on 12 December 2007 alongside Shanghai Airlines. In July 2009, Air China acquired $19.3 million of shares from its troubled subsidiary Air Macau, one month later, Air China spent HK$6.3 billion to raise its stake in Cathay Pacific from 17. 5% to 30%, expanding its presence in Hong Kong. On 2 December 2010, Air China received Spains highest tourism industry award, Air China was the first foreign airline to receive the award, which is given to organisations and individuals contributing to the Spanish tourism industry. On 23 December 2010, Air China became the first Chinese airline to offer combined tickets that include domestic flights, the first combined flight-shuttle bus ticket connected Tianjin via shuttle bus with domestic flights passing through Beijing. Air China began offering Wi-Fi internet service on board its aircraft on 15 November 2011, in 2012, after pressure from PETA, Air China stated that it would no longer transport monkeys to laboratories. On July 3,2013 in time for the companys 25th anniversary and it was the first global satellite Internet flight in Mainland China. In early 2015 it was announced that the airline had selected the Boeing 737 Next Generation and 737 MAX for its fleet renewal programme of 60 aircraft, the deal, with a value of over $6B at current list prices, has yet to be finalised. The entity Air China Limited was registered in 2003, and its shares began trading in Hong Kong, as of June 2015, it ranks no.1 of Chinese companies for long term accounts payable. The Air China HQ Building, the headquarters, is located in Zone A of the Tianzhu Airport Industrial Zone in Shunyi District. The company registered office is on the floor of the Blue Sky Mansion. The enterprise logo of Air China consists of an artistic pattern, the name of the airline written in calligraphy by former national leader Deng Xiaoping. The phoenix logo is also the artistic transfiguration of the word VIP, Air China is a member of Star Alliance
4.
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
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Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is the major international airport serving Chengdu, the capital of Chinas Sichuan Province. Located about 16 kilometres southwest of downtown Chengdu to the north of Shuangliu District, Shuangliu Airport is one of the two core hubs for Air China, together with Beijing, as well as the main hub and headquarters for Sichuan Airlines and Chengdu Airlines. China Eastern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Lucky Air and Tibet Airlines also have bases at Shuangliu Airport, Shuangliu Airport handled 42.2 million passengers in 2015. It was among worlds top 30 busiest airport in 2015, the 4th busiest in mainland China, and it was also the 5th busiest airport in terms of cargo traffic in China for 2013. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport becomes the 4th busiest airport in China, the airport, formerly named Shuangguisi Airport, opened as an auxiliary military airfield in 1938 during the Second Sino-Japanese War/World War II. At the time, its runway was only enough for small biplanes. During World War II, the airport was known as Shwangliu Airfield and was used by the United States Army Air Forces Fourteenth Air Force as part of the China Defensive Campaign. The Americans closed their facilities at Shwangliu Airfield at the end of August 1945, on December 12,1956, the Shuangguisi Airport was put under civil aviation, which was then formally listed as a civil aviation airport and renamed Chengdu Shuangliu Airport. In 1957, the flights of Chengdu civil aviation were shifted to Shuangliu Airport from Guanghan Airport, the flight courses from Chengdu were thus opened to various cities within China including Beijing, Taiyuan, Xian, Chongqing, Kunming, Guiyang, Nanchong, etc. The airport went through several expansions in 1959,1967,1983 and 1991 respectively. A large-scale expansion was conducted on flight area and navigation area from 1994 to 2001, the runway was extended to 3,600 metres with Class 4E rating, allowing for larger jumbo jets including the Boeing 747-400. It is linked to downtown Chengdu by the Airport Expressway and the Chengdu - Mianyang/Emeishan High-speed Railway, the construction of its second runway started from late 2008, and service commenced in December 2009. The completed new runway,3,600 metres in length and 60 metres width, upgraded the previous flight area rating from 4E to 4F, T1 is split into Domestic and International wings, and retained all international flights from airlines within and outside China. The new terminal is twice the size of the current T1, prior to 2014, the airport had no nonstop flights to the United States. Passengers traveling from Chengdu to the United States had to connect at Beijing–Capital and/or Shanghai–Pudong and this shortcoming in service at Chengdu was resolved beginning on June 9,2014, as United Airlines began operating a nonstop service from San Francisco to Chengdu, operated with a Boeing 787-8. As long as China Southwest Airlines existed, its headquarters were on the airport property, Airport Bus No.1, Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport - City Centre, Single ticket, ￥10. Airport Bus No.2, Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport - Chengdu Railway Station, Single ticket, Airport Bus No.3, Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport - Chengdu East Railway Station, Single ticket, ￥12. Airport Bus No.4, Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport - Century City, Single ticket and it costs about RMB60 Yuan from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport to city centre of Chengdu
5.
Kunming Wujiaba International Airport
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Kunming Wujiaba International Airport was the main airport serving Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, China. It is located 4 km south-east of metropolitan Kunming, originally built in 1923, the airport had been renovated numerous times into a modern facility before closing on 28 June 2012. It was a hub for China Eastern Airlines, Kunming Airlines. The airport was replaced by the new Kunming Changshui International Airport, Wujiaba Airport will be demolished and the land will be redeveloped. During the Sino-Japanese War, which began before World War II and it was a base for operations of the legendary Flying Tigers, the 1st American Volunteer Group, of the Chinese Air Force, led by Claire Lee Chennault before the United States entered the war. After the war ended in 1945, a 1, 390-mile route east to Clark Air Base in the Philippines was established, the route to Clark AB established a complete worldwide transport route for ATC The Flying Tigers Association visited in October 1982 and again in September 2005. When China Yunnan Airlines existed, its office was located at the airport. List of airports in China List of the busiest airports in China This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http, rossi, J. R. AVG American Volunteer Group – Flying Tigers
6.
Airline
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An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines utilize aircraft to supply services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements. Generally, airline companies are recognized with an air operating certificate or license issued by a governmental aviation body, Airlines vary in size, from small domestic airlines to full-service international airlines. Airline services can be categorized as being intercontinental, domestic, regional, or international, the largest airline currently is American Airlines Group. DELAG, Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft was the worlds first airline and it was founded on November 16,1909 with government assistance, and operated airships manufactured by The Zeppelin Corporation. The first fixed wing scheduled air service was started on January 1,1914 from St. Petersburg, Florida to Tampa, the four oldest non-dirigible airlines that still exist are Netherlands KLM, Colombias Avianca, Australias Qantas, and the Czech Republics Czech Airlines. The earliest fixed wing airline in Europe was the Aircraft Transport and Travel, using a fleet of former military Airco DH. 4A biplanes that had been modified to carry two passengers in the fuselage, it operated relief flights between Folkestone and Ghent. On 15 July 1919, the company flew a proving flight across the English Channel, flown by Lt. H Shaw in an Airco DH.9 between RAF Hendon and Paris - Le Bourget Airport, the flight took 2 hours and 30 minutes at £21 per passenger. On 25 August 1919, the company used DH. 16s to pioneer a regular service from Hounslow Heath Aerodrome to Le Bourget, the airline soon gained a reputation for reliability, despite problems with bad weather and began to attract European competition. In November 1919, it won the first British civil airmail contract, six Royal Air Force Airco DH. 9A aircraft were lent to the company, to operate the airmail service between Hawkinge and Cologne. In 1920, they were returned to the Royal Air Force, the first French airline was Société des lignes Latécoère, later known as Aéropostale, which started its first service in late 1918 to Spain. The first German airline to use heavier than air aircraft was Deutsche Luft-Reederei established in 1917 which started operating in February 1919, in its first year, the D. L. R. Operated regularly scheduled flights on routes with a length of nearly 1000 miles. Network was more than 3000 km long, and included destinations in the Netherlands, Scandinavia, another important German airline was Junkers Luftverkehr, which began operations in 1921. It was a division of the aircraft manufacturer Junkers, which became a company in 1924. It operated joint-venture airlines in Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Sweden, the Dutch airline KLM made its first flight in 1920, and is the oldest continuously operating airline in the world. Established by aviator Albert Plesman, it was awarded a Royal predicate from Queen Wilhelmina. Its first flight was from Croydon Airport, London to Amsterdam, using a leased Aircraft Transport and Travel DH-16, in 1921, KLM started scheduled services
7.
Travel agency
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There are also travel agencies that serve as general sales agents for foreign travel companies, allowing them to have offices in countries other than where their headquarters are located. The modern travel agency first appeared in the half of the 19th century with its root in 1758 as establishment of Cox & Kings Ltd. In the year 1970, Cox & Kings the longest established travel company centered its focus on its business of travel, lately Thomas Cook also established a chain of agencies in the last quarter of the 19th century, in association with the Midland Railway. They not only sold their own tours to the public, but in addition, other British pioneer travel agencies were Dean & Dawson, the Polytechnic Touring Association, and the Co-operative Wholesale Society. The oldest travel agency in the United States is Brownell Travel, on 4 July 1887, Walter T. Brownell led ten travelers on a European tour, Travel agencies became more commonplace with the development of commercial aviation, starting in the 1920s. A travel agencys main function is to act as an agent, selling travel products, a package holiday or a ticket is not purchased from a supplier unless a customer requests that purchase. The holiday or ticket is supplied to the agency at a discount, the profit is therefore the difference between the advertised price which the customer pays and the discounted price at which it is supplied to the agent. This is known as the commission, in many countries, all individuals or companies that sell tickets are required to be licensed as a travel agent. In some countries, airlines have stopped giving commissions to travel agencies, therefore, travel agencies are now forced to charge a percentage premium or a standard flat fee, per sale. However, some companies pay travel agencies a set percentage for selling their product. Major tour companies can afford to do this, because if they were to sell a thousand trips at a cheaper rate and it is also cheaper to offer commissions to travel agents rather than engage in advertising and distribution campaigns without using agents. Other commercial operations are undertaken, especially by the larger chains, a travel agent is supposed to offer impartial travel advice to the customer, as well as coordinating travel details and assisting the customer in booking travel. Again, a variety of social and economic changes have now contrived to bring this aspect to the once more, particularly with the advent of multiple, no-frills. A fixed percentage of the element of the price is paid to the agent as a commission. Commissions may vary depending on the type of product and the supplier, commissions are not paid on the tax component of the price. Travel agencies also receive a variety of bonuses, benefits. The customer is not made aware of how much the travel agent is earning in commissions. Other sources of income may include the sale of insurance, travel books, public transport timetables
8.
Electronic ticket
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An electronic ticket is a digital ticket. The term is most commonly associated with airline issued tickets, Electronic ticketing for urban or rail public transport is usually referred to as travel card or transit pass. It is also used in ticketing in the entertainment industry, an electronic ticket system is a more efficient method of ticket entry, processing and marketing for companies in the railways, flight and other transport and entertainment industries. Electronic ticketing in the industry was devised in about 1994. E-ticketing has largely replaced the older multi-layered paper ticketing systems, and since 1 June 2008, where paper tickets are still available, some airlines charge a fee for issuing paper tickets. When a reservation is confirmed, the airline keeps a record of the booking in its computer reservations system, customers can print out or are provided with a copy of their e-ticket itinerary receipt which contains the record locator or reservation number and the e-ticket number. It is possible to print multiple copies of an e-ticket itinerary receipt, besides providing itinerary details, an e-ticket itinerary receipt also contains, An official ticket number. Carriage terms and conditions, Fare and tax details, including fare calculation details, the exact cost might not be stated, but a fare basis code will always identify the fare used. A short summary of fare restrictions, usually specifying only whether change or refund are permitted, to check in for a flight with an e-ticket, the passenger usually goes to the check-in counter in the usual manner. There they may be required to present some personal identification, a card or the e-ticket itinerary receipt. However, producing a print-out of the receipt is required to enter the terminal of some airports as well as to satisfy immigration regulations in most countries. At the check-in counter, the passenger checks-in his/her luggage and receives a boarding pass, however, electronic ticketing allows various enhancements to checking-in. These sites store a passengers flight information and then when the airline opens up for online check-in the data is transferred to the airline, with this e-ticket technology, if a passenger receives his boarding pass remotely and is travelling without check-in luggage, he may bypass traditional counter check-in. The ticketing systems of most airlines are able to produce e-tickets for itineraries of no more than 16 segments. This is the limit that applied to paper tickets. Another critical limitation is that at the time e-tickets were initially designed, by the time the industry began 100% e-ticket implementation, more and more airlines began to unbundle previously included services and add them back in as optional fees. However, the standard did not anticipate and did not include a standardized mechanism for such optional fees. IATA later implemented the Electronic Miscellaneous Document standard for such information and this way, airlines could consistently expose and capture such fees at time of booking through travel reservation systems, rather than having to surprise passengers with them at check-in
9.
Boarding pass
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BCBP is the name of the standard used by more than 200 airlines. BCBP defines the 2-Dimensional bar code printed on a pass or sent to a mobile phone for electronic boarding passes. BCBP was part of the IATA Simplifying the Business program, which issued a mandate for all boarding passes to be bar coded. Airlines and third parties use a barcode reader to read the bar codes, reading the bar code usually takes place in the boarding process, but can also happen when entering the airport security checkpoints. The standard was published in 2005 by IATA and updated in 2008 to include symbologies for mobile phones. Future developments of the standard include a near field communication format. Paper boarding passes are issued either by agents at a counter, self-service kiosks. BCBP can be printed at the airport by an ATB printer or a thermal printer. The symbology for paper boarding passes is PDF417, the BCBP standard were published in 2005. It has been adopted by airlines, End 2005,9 airlines were BCBP capable,32 by end 2006,101 by end 2007. Paper is out, Cellphones are in read the NY Times on March 18,2008, BCBP can also be sent to mobile phones, via MMS, email, WAP Push or via an app. IATAs BCBP standard defines the three symbologies accepted for mobile phones, Aztec code, Datamatrix and QR code, the United Nations International Telecommunications Union expected mobile phone subscribers to hit the 4 billion mark by the end of 2008. For Air Frances VP Marketing, electronic boarding passes are the next major technological innovation after e-ticketing. According to SITAs Airline IT Trend Survey 2009, mobile BCBP accounts for 2. 1% of use, in the US, the Transportation Security Administration runs a pilot program of a Boarding Pass Scanning System, using the IATA BCBP standard. On October 15,2008, the TSA announced that scanners would be deployed within a year, the TSA keeps adding new pilot airports, Cleveland on October 23,2008. On October 14,2008, Alaska Airlines started piloting mobile boarding passes at Seattle Seatac Airport, on November 3,2008, Air New Zealand launched the mpass, a boarding pass received on the mobile phone. On November 10,2008, Qatar Airways launched their online check-in, on November 13,2008, American Airlines started offering mobile boarding passes in Chicago OHare airport. On December 18,2008, Cathay Pacific launched its mobile Check-in service, on February 24,2009, Austrian Airlines begun offering paperless boarding passes to customers on selected routes
10.
Check-in
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Check-in is the process whereby people announce their arrival at a hotel, airport, sea port, or event. The check-in process at airports enables passengers to check in luggage onto a plane, when presenting at the check-in counter, a passenger will provide evidence of right to travel, such as a ticket, visa or electronic means. Each airline provides facilities for passengers to check in their luggage and this may be by way of airline-employed staff at check-in counters at airports or through an agency arrangement or by way of a self-service kiosk. The luggage is weighed and tagged, and then placed on a conveyor that usually feeds the luggage into the baggage handling system. The luggage goes into the cargo hold. The check-in staff then issues each passenger with a boarding pass, there is an increasing trend towards more streamlined checking-in processes, whereby passengers can bypass or reduce the time in queues at the staffed check-in counters. This may involve passengers checking in online before arriving at the airport or using an airlines self-service check-in kiosks at the airport, some airports have curbside check-in, where passengers can check in their bags to an airline representative before entering the terminal and then proceeding directly to security. Many airlines have a deadline for passengers to check-in before each flight and this is to allow the airline to offer unclaimed seats to stand-by passengers, to load luggage onto the plane and to finalise documentation for take-off. The passenger must also take account the time that would be required for them to clear the check-in line, to pass security. This may take several hours at airports or at some times of the year. On international flights, additional time would be required for immigration, at hotels or similar establishments, guests are usually required to check in, which involves providing or confirming the guests personal information and providing a signature. Guests may need to hand over their identification documents, passport or drivers licence so that the hotel can make, check in times vary but this can range from 12pm until about 3pm depending on the establishments rules and regulations. Late check-ins can be arranged through the hotel as long as the book this well in advance. At the end of the check-in, the staff will provide guests with a room key. Hotels usually specify a time after which they expect guests to check-in. If a guest wants to occupy a room before the hotels check-in time, some hotels charges for an additional day or treat it as a previous days stay. Most hotels, however, allow a time on request by a guest, without any additional charge. Some hotels also have a latest check-in time, often 6pm-8pm, some hotels have a deadline for checking-in because the reception may close for the night
The dictionary definition of paper ticket at Wiktionary
Media related to Air tickets at Wikimedia Commons
