1.
Brookfield Road
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Brookfield Road is a short connecting street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It runs from Riverside Drive past Brookfield High School to the Airport Parkway, the main segment of Brookfield is a four-lane undivided minor arterial road, with a speed limit of 50 km/h. Before 1997, the NCC had control over Brookfield Road, as it connected Colonel By Drive to the Airport Parkway, however, it changed jurisdiction when the Airport Parkway was handed to the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, making the NCC parkway link redundant
2.
Ottawa
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Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, the two form the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area and the National Capital Region. The 2016 census reported a population of 934,243, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada, the City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015. Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, the city name Ottawa was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River nearby, the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa, meaning to trade. The city is the most educated in Canada, and is home to a number of post-secondary, research, and cultural institutions, including the National Arts Centre, Ottawa also has the highest standard of living in the nation and low unemployment. It ranked second out of 150 worldwide in the Numbeo quality of life index 2014–2015, with the draining of the Champlain Sea around ten thousand years ago the Ottawa Valley became habitable. The area was used for wild harvesting, hunting, fishing, trade, travel. The Ottawa river valley has archaeological sites with arrow heads, pottery, the area has three major rivers that meet, making it an important trade and travel area for thousands of years. The Algonquins called the Ottawa River Kichi Sibi or Kichissippi meaning Great River or Grand River, Étienne Brûlé, the first European to travel up the Ottawa River, passed by Ottawa in 1610 on his way to the Great Lakes. Three years later, Samuel de Champlain wrote about the waterfalls of the area and about his encounters with the Algonquins, the early explorers and traders were later followed by many missionaries. The first maps of the area used the word Ottawa to name the river, philemon Wright, a New Englander, created the first settlement in the area on 7 March 1800 on the north side of the river, across from Ottawa in Hull. He, with five other families and twenty-five labourers, set about to create a community called Wrightsville. Wright pioneered the Ottawa Valley timber trade by transporting timber by river from the Ottawa Valley to Quebec City, the following year, the town would soon be named after British military engineer Colonel John By who was responsible for the entire Rideau Waterway construction project. Colonel By set up military barracks on the site of todays Parliament Hill and he also laid out the streets of the town and created two distinct neighbourhoods named Upper Town west of the canal and Lower Town east of the canal. Similar to its Upper Canada and Lower Canada namesakes, historically Upper Town was predominantly English speaking and Protestant whereas Lower Town was predominantly French, Irish, bytowns population grew to 1,000 as the Rideau Canal was being completed in 1832. In 1855 Bytown was renamed Ottawa and incorporated as a city, William Pittman Lett was installed as the first city clerk guiding it through 36 years of development. On New Years Eve 1857, Queen Victoria, as a symbolic, in reality, Prime Minister John A. Macdonald had assigned this selection process to the Executive Branch of the Government, as previous attempts to arrive at a consensus had ended in deadlock
3.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
4.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
5.
Heron Road (Ottawa)
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Heron Road is a major road in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It runs from Walkley Road at an angle to the Rideau River, Heron is home to the Public Works and Government Services Canada headquarters, the Sir Leonard Tilley Building, the Canada Post headquarters, and the Edward Drake Building. It is also home to St. Patricks Intermediate High School, Heron Road starts on the Heron Road Bridge which crosses the Rideau River, Rideau Canal, and part of Vincent Massey Park
6.
Bronson Avenue (Ottawa)
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Bronson Avenue is a major north-south arterial road in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It starts as a continuation of the Airport Parkway, which is an expressway to the Macdonald-Cartier International Airport and it continues past Carleton University, the Glebe, north through Centretown, and ends downtown at Sparks Street. Starting as an expressway leading from the Airport Parkway, Bronson quickly becomes a six lane divided arterial with little or no direct frontage. From Colonel By Drive, Bronson Avenue continues as a four-lane undivided principal arterial road through residential and commercial areas with a limit of 50 km/h. Upon reaching Albert Street, Bronson ends as a road for downtown residents. Glebe Collegiate Institute and Carleton University border on Bronson Avenue
7.
Two-lane expressway
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A two-lane expressway or two-lane freeway is an expressway or freeway with only one lane in each direction, and usually no median barrier. It may be built that way because of constraints, or may be intended for expansion once traffic volumes rise, the term super two is often used by roadgeeks for this type of road, but traffic engineers use that term for a high-quality surface road. Most of these roads are not tolled, a somewhat related concept is a four-lane undivided expressway. This is much rarer, an example is some sections of U. S. Route 101 in northern California. When upgraded in this manner, the road becomes a typical freeway, many two-lane freeways are built so that when the road is upgraded to a proper divided freeway, the existing overpasses and ramps do not need reconstruction. A super-2 expressway is a surface road with at-grade intersections. At-grade intersections exist but there is sufficient land to them with interchanges. In some US states, an expressway is simply referred to as a super-2. Highway 410 in Ontario was originally a super-2 before being upgraded to a full freeway, similarly, most of Highway 102 in Nova Scotia was a super-2 for three decades before being upgraded. Many super-2 expressways are simply just short transitional segments between surface street and four-lane divided freeways, a super-4 may may have been a super-2 that has been twinned, although such instances of super-4 intermediaries are rare as super-2s are often upgraded right away to full freeways. Highway 40 in Ontario is an expressway between Highway 402 and Wellington St. and from Indian Rd to Rokeby Line. The remaining sections of Highway 40 are super-2 expressways, national Route 38, between Famaillá and Juan Bautista Alberdi in Tucumán Province. In Melbourne, Victoria, the Mornington Peninsula Freeway, is a freeway between the interchange with Jetty Road and the interchange with Boneo Road at 90 km/h. In Hobart, Tasmania, Kingston Bypass has been constructed as a two-Lane expressway, in north-eastern Tasmania, the Bass Highway has some grade-separated interchanges, and the standard rural freeway 110 km/h speed limit, but with some sections having only two lanes. On the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, the Sunshine Motorway is a freeway between Kawana Way and Nicklin Way, and again between David Low Way and Emu Mountain Road. In Townsville, Queensland, the future Townsville Ring Road is planned to be the route of Highway 1 through the city. The first stage of the project, the two-laned Douglas Arterial Road opened in April 2005, once all four stages are built, it will have two lanes in each direction, and be designated as the M1. Canberras Gungahlin Drive Extension was constructed as a two-lane grade-separated freeway for part of its length, the GDE has since been duplicated to four lanes
8.
Single-point urban interchange
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A single-point urban interchange, also called a single-point interchange or single-point diamond interchange, is a type of highway interchange. The design was created in order to move large volumes of traffic through limited amounts of space safely and efficiently. Sometimes a SPUI will allow traffic to proceed straight through from the off-ramp to the on-ramp, since most through traffic travels over or under the intersection, the SPUI is still much more efficient than a surface intersection. The most commonly cited advantages of single point urban interchanges are improved operation efficiency, left turning traffic from both directions of the intersecting roadways are able to turn simultaneously without crossing the path of the opposing left turns. Because traffic passing through the interchange can be controlled by a single signal, SPUIs also allow for wider turns, easing movement for large vehicles such as trucks and RVs. Finally, single point urban interchanges are reportedly safer than other space-efficient interchange forms such as diamond interchanges, the major disadvantage of single point urban interchanges over other types of road junctions is the increased cost due to the need for a longer or wider bridge. A freeway-under SPUI requires a bridge over the free-flowing road to make room for the compressed on-. Additionally, because vehicles must be able to cross the pavement in six different ways and this can be unsafe particularly if drivers are unfamiliar with the interchange type. Drivers making a turn may become confused as oncoming turning traffic passes them on the right-hand side. In general, SPUI designs should not be used where traffic is expected unless fairly substantial changes to the design or special accommodations are provided. Pedestrians are usually not able to get through the intersection with one green light and it can take up to four cycles to walk through the entire length of a SPUI. Finally, SPUIs can be difficult to clear of snow. Additionally, if the area of uncontrolled pavement is on a bridge, as in the diagram. This problem can be exacerbated by the large bridge width required by the SPUI. Given that a SPUI allows only left and right turns, drivers may not re-enter the freeway they are departing within a SPUI, other interchange types designed for efficiency, such as the six ramp parclo and the diverging diamond, require just two signal phases. The first SPUI opened on February 25,1974 along US19 and it was designed by Wallace Hawkes, Director of Transportation Engineering at J. E. Greiner, Inc. who has been called the granddaddy of the urban interchange. This design has recently been altered to include roads in each direction. Several SPUIs, built in the 1970s and later, are located on German autobahns like the A40, A42, A44, A46, A57, A59, there is also a SPUI on the Frankenschnellweg, the urban part of the A73, and Maximilianstraße, in Nuremberg
9.
Hunt Club Road
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Hunt Club Road also known as Ottawa Road #32, is a major east-west route in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The section between Bank Street and Riverside Drive, originally only one lane in each direction, was expanded to two lanes in each direction in 1993-1994. It was further extended across the Rideau River and then eventually to the edge of the suburbs to Richmond Road by the late 1990s. Construction to extend Hunt Club west to Highway 417 near Ramsayville was completed on August 21,2014, most of Hunt Club is a four-lane divided principal arterial road with limited access. The speed limit on most sections is 80 km/h except in the South Keys area, the Michael J. E. Sheflin Bridge, better known as the Hunt Club Bridge carries the road over the Rideau River between Prince of Wales Drive and Riverside Drive. The bridge was widened over the summer of 2006, extending the left turn lanes in both directions over the length of the bridge to alleviate congestion. The Citys Transportation Master Plan includes the widening of the road to six lanes between Highway 416 and Bank Street, along the road, one may find Pine Grove Park, and the Stoney Swamp Conservation Area
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